WO2018014757A1 - 一种厨余有机物好氧堆肥方法 - Google Patents

一种厨余有机物好氧堆肥方法 Download PDF

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WO2018014757A1
WO2018014757A1 PCT/CN2017/092436 CN2017092436W WO2018014757A1 WO 2018014757 A1 WO2018014757 A1 WO 2018014757A1 CN 2017092436 W CN2017092436 W CN 2017092436W WO 2018014757 A1 WO2018014757 A1 WO 2018014757A1
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fermentation
aerobic
composting
organic matter
kitchen waste
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PCT/CN2017/092436
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王超军
欧阳春平
张佳源
杨彪
梁嘉华
吴尚轩
曾祥斌
蔡彤旻
黄险波
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金发科技股份有限公司
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F9/00Fertilisers from household or town refuse
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/50Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • the invention relates to the field of organic solid waste cleaning treatment, in particular to a method for aerobic composting of kitchen waste organic matter.
  • Membrane-covered high-temperature aerobic fermentation process is a process of fermenting a special waterproof and breathable membrane as an aerobic fermentation treatment cover.
  • the core of the process is a waterproof and breathable membrane with special micropores. Its semi-permeable function enables a relatively constant climatic environment, allowing water vapor and carbon dioxide to diffuse out through the microporous structure of the membrane and block hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. Harmful gases such as gas pass. Under the action of blasting, a micro-high pressure inner cavity can be formed in the fermentation body to make the oxygen supply of the heap uniform and uniform, and the temperature distribution is uniform.
  • a suitable small environment is constructed for aerobic fermentation, and the inside and outside of the fermentation reactor membrane are maintained. The airflow is balanced to ensure that the aerobic fermentation is carried out more thoroughly and thoroughly, and the pathogenic microorganisms are effectively killed to ensure the level of hygiene of the fermented material.
  • the process of film covering high temperature aerobic fermentation process for treating kitchen organic matter includes three major steps: pretreatment process, fermentation process and post-treatment process.
  • Pretreatment refers to sorting, crushing, blending conditioning agents, and regenerating strains according to the nature of the organic materials and the fermentation requirements.
  • the fermentation process refers to stacking the pretreated materials into strips and covering the waterproof and breathable membranes, intelligently controlling the aerobic fermentation process of the materials, and supplying sufficient oxygen to the materials through the air blowers and the ventilation pipes below the piles.
  • the oxygen content, temperature and water content of the reactor are measured by oxygen, temperature and moisture content sensors, fed back to the control system, and the ventilation volume is adjusted by the control system to optimize the oxygen content, temperature and water content in the reactor.
  • the fermentation process is divided into primary fermentation and secondary fermentation.
  • the primary fermentation is generally 3 to 5 weeks. After the heap is turned over, the secondary fermentation is carried out. The purpose of the fermentation is to make the fermentation more uniform and sufficient.
  • the post-treatment process refers to the processing, storage and other operations of the material after the material is fully decomposed.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for aerobic composting of kitchen waste organic matter, which eliminates the pretreatment step and can directly treat the waste that has been classified into garbage.
  • Organic matter is used for composting, and the coarse crushing process is adjusted to aerobic fermentation before being built in the composting tank.
  • the leachate is collected and returned to the fermentation, which can reduce the processing capacity of the coarse crushing system, shorten the fermentation time and reduce the stench. Gas production and environmental pollution.
  • a method for aerobic composting of organic matter in cooking comprising the following steps:
  • step 2) the volume ratio of the kitchen waste organic matter to the conditioning agent is 1:10-10:1.
  • the conditioning agent is obtained by pulverizing one or more selected from the group consisting of garden garbage, branches, straw, tea stems and sugar cane stems to 0.5 cm to 20 cm.
  • the conditioning agent has a low moisture content, a low density, and is easily degraded.
  • the conditioning agent can support and form a void, so that oxygen can diffuse to every corner of the stack.
  • the thickness of the conditioning agent is 4 cm-40 cm.
  • the goal is to form a layer of loose layer at the bottom of the compost tank to allow air to diffuse from the bottom to every corner of the pile.
  • the thickness of the conditioning agent is too small, it does not have sufficient supporting effect, and there is local oxygen deficiency between the kitchen organic matter, resulting in too long fermentation time; and when the thickness of the conditioning agent is too large, the processing amount of the kitchen organic matter is reduced. The input cost is too high.
  • the pile height of the pile is 1.3 meters to 3.5 meters, the purpose is to achieve a certain treatment scale and obtain a better fermentation effect.
  • the pile height of the pile is less than 1.3 meters, the processing amount of the mixture of kitchen waste organic matter is reduced, and the heat dissipation of the pile body is fast, and sufficient fermentation temperature cannot be reached;
  • the pile height of the pile is more than 3.5 meters, the material is piled up. High causes the lower material to be dense, which is not conducive to internal air circulation, and the aerobic fermentation effect is poor.
  • the fermentation temperature of the aerobic fermentation is 55 ° C - 80 ° C
  • the ventilation volume is 33 m 3 /min - 37 m 3 / min
  • the blast time in a blast cycle is 30 seconds - 3 minutes
  • the break time is from 1 minute to 20 minutes.
  • the coarse crushing is a coarse crushing of the fermentation residue to a size of 0.1 cm to 6 cm.
  • the aim is to achieve a better aerobic fermentation effect, when the size is greater than 6cm, it is difficult to ferment completely in the fermentation cycle.
  • the fermentation temperature of the secondary aerobic fermentation is 55 ° C - 80 ° C
  • the ventilation volume is 33 m 3 /min - 37 m 3 / min
  • the blast time in a blast cycle is 30 seconds -3 Minutes and breaks are from 1 minute to 20 minutes.
  • the back spray fermentation leachate adjusts the water content of the heap to be 50%-70%. Excessive moisture reduces the porosity of the heap, affects air diffusion, and easily causes anaerobic conditions; when the moisture is less than 50%, the microbial activity decreases, and the compost temperature decreases.
  • the method for aerobic composting of the kitchen organic matter of the present invention further comprises a post-treatment operation process of processing and storing the decomposed compost.
  • the invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the aerobic composting method of the kitchen organic matter of the invention directly builds the kitchen waste organic matter in the composting tank, thereby eliminating the pretreatment step, and the pile body after the pile is better because of the large size of the kitchen waste organic matter itself.
  • the porosity is favorable for air circulation, aerobic bacteria reproduction, reducing the generation of odor, shortening the fermentation time and improving the efficiency of the system.
  • the aerobic composting method of the kitchen organic matter of the present invention adjusts the coarse crushing step to an aerobic fermentation before being built in the composting tank, and the organic matter of the kitchen waste has been reduced by about 50%, thereby reducing the processing capacity of the coarse crushing system. It reduces energy consumption and reduces operating expenses; and the coarse crushing process after aerobic fermentation has basically no odor, which greatly reduces environmental pollution and reduces the investment of deodorizing system.
  • the aerobic composting method of the kitchen organic matter of the invention adopts collecting and returning the fermentation leachate, which not only can adjust the water content of the heap, but also can greatly reduce environmental pollution.
  • the aerobic composting method of the kitchen organic matter of the present invention does not require a closed plant and reduces investment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a method for aerobic composting of kitchen organic matter according to the present invention.
  • a method for aerobic composting of organic matter in cooking comprising the following steps:
  • the organic matter and the conditioning agent are mixed uniformly according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to form a compost premix;
  • the conditioning agent is obtained by pulverizing one or more selected from garden garbage, branches, straw, tea stems, and sugar cane stems to 10 cm;
  • the coarse crushing is a coarse crushing of the fermentation residue to a size of 4 cm;
  • the aerobic fermentation has a fermentation temperature of 65 ° C and a ventilation capacity of 35 m 3 /min; a blast cycle time of 2 minutes and a stop time of 5 minutes; and a secondary aerobic fermentation for 14 days yields a composted compost.
  • the fermentation leachate is collected and in the secondary aerobic fermentation process.
  • back-spray fermentation leachate can not only adjust the water content of the heap, but also greatly reduce environmental pollution; no need for closed plants, reducing investment, and High quality compost.
  • a method for aerobic composting of organic matter in cooking comprising the following steps:
  • the organic matter and the conditioner are mixed uniformly according to the volume ratio of 1:10 to form a compost premix;
  • the conditioning agent is obtained by pulverizing one or more selected from garden garbage, branches, straw, tea stems, and sugar cane stems to 5 cm;
  • the coarse crushing is a coarse crushing of the fermentation residue to a size of 2 cm;
  • the fermentation leachate is collected and in the secondary aerobic fermentation process.
  • the collection and back-spray fermentation leachate can not only adjust the water content of the heap, but also greatly reduce environmental pollution; no need to close the plant, reduce the investment , And the resulting high-quality compost.
  • a method for aerobic composting of organic matter in cooking comprising the following steps:
  • the organic matter and the conditioner are mixed uniformly according to the volume ratio of 1:5 to form a compost premix;
  • the conditioning agent is obtained by pulverizing one or more selected from the group consisting of garden garbage, branches, straw, tea stems, and sugar cane stems to 20 cm;
  • the coarse crushing is a coarse crushing of the fermentation residue to a size of 1 cm;
  • the fermentation leachate is collected and in the secondary aerobic fermentation process.
  • the collection and back-spray fermentation leachate can not only adjust the water content of the heap, but also greatly reduce environmental pollution; no need to close the plant, reduce the investment , And the resulting high-quality compost.
  • a method for aerobic composting of organic matter in cooking comprising the following steps:
  • the organic matter and the conditioner are mixed uniformly according to the volume ratio of 10:1 to form a compost premix;
  • the conditioning agent is obtained by pulverizing one or more selected from the group consisting of garden garbage, branches, straw, tea stems, and sugar cane stems to 0.5 cm;
  • the coarse crushing is a coarse crushing of the fermentation residue to a size of 4 cm;
  • the fermentation temperature of aerobic fermentation is 80 ° C
  • the ventilation volume is 35 m 3 /min
  • the blast time is 30 seconds in one blast cycle and the stop time is 20 minutes
  • the second aerobic fermentation is 14 days to obtain composted compost
  • the quality of the compost is high.
  • the fermentation leachate is collected and in the secondary aerobic fermentation process.
  • the collection and back-spray fermentation leachate can not only adjust the water content of the heap, but also greatly reduce environmental pollution; no need to close the plant, reduce the investment , And the resulting high-quality compost.
  • step 6) and step 8) are reversed. Others are the same as in the first embodiment. Since the material before the secondary aerobic fermentation is not broken, it takes a longer time for the larger-sized material to completely decompose, and the whole fermentation process is extended to 55 days. In addition, after the composting is completed, some large-sized kitchen waste organic materials are not decomposed internally, thereby Reduced compost quality and obtained compost quality.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种厨余有机物好氧堆肥方法:1)厨余垃圾分类;2)形成堆肥预混物;3)在堆肥槽内铺设一层调理剂,将堆肥预混物倾倒在上述铺好的调理剂上;4)堆成条堆;5)铺盖防水透气膜;6)开始一次好氧发酵20天-40天后,得到发酵残余物,并收集发酵渗滤液;7)将发酵残余物转运至粗破碎系统进行粗破碎;8)将物料转运至发酵槽,重复步骤4)和5),并回喷发酵渗滤液,开始二次好氧发酵7天-20天即得。本发明的厨余有机物好氧堆肥方法省却了预处理环节,能够直接将已实行垃圾分类的厨余有机物进行建堆堆肥,将粗破碎环节调整到一次好氧发酵之后,采用收集并回喷发酵渗滤液,能够降低粗破碎系统的处理量,缩短发酵时间,减少臭气的产生。

Description

一种厨余有机物好氧堆肥方法 技术领域
本发明涉及有机固体废弃物清洁处理领域,特别涉及一种厨余有机物好氧堆肥方法。
背景技术
膜覆盖高温好氧发酵工艺是将一种特制防水透气膜作为好氧发酵处理覆盖物进行发酵的工艺。该工艺核心是一种具有特制微孔的防水透气膜,其半渗透功能能够实现一个较恒定的气候环境,使得水蒸气和二氧化碳能够借助膜的微孔结构扩散出去,并阻断硫化氢、氨气等有害气体通过。在鼓风的作用下,在发酵体内能够形成一个微高压内腔,使堆体供氧均匀充分,温度分布均匀,为好氧发酵构建了一个适宜的小环境,维持了发酵堆体膜内外的气流平衡,保证好氧发酵进行得更加充分彻底,致病性微生物得到有效杀灭,以确保发酵物的卫生化水平。
膜覆盖高温好氧发酵工艺处理厨余有机物的工艺流程包括三大环节:预处理过程、发酵过程、后处理过程。预处理是指根据厨余有机物的性质和发酵要求,分别对其进行分选、破碎、掺混调理剂、回料菌种等。发酵过程是指将预处理的物料堆成条堆,并覆盖防水透气膜,智能控制物料好氧发酵过程,通过鼓风机和条堆下方的通风管给物料充分供氧。通过氧气、温度、含水率传感器测定堆体氧气含量、温度和含水率,反馈给控制系统,并通过控制系统调节通风量,使堆体内的氧气含量、温度、含水率处于最佳状态。发酵过程分为一次发酵和二次发酵,一次发酵一般为3~5周,然后对堆体翻堆后,进行二次发酵,翻堆目的是为了使发酵更均匀,充分。后处理过程是指在物料充分腐熟后,对物料进行加工、存储等操作。
但是,在预处理环节中,对厨余有机物进行分选、破碎、掺混调理剂、回料、菌种等工序,需要在较大的空间内反复转运,而又不可能完全密闭,从而产生严重的臭气污染。
“臭气问题”是近年来世界上堆肥工厂失败的首要原因,在现代社会,随着 人口的增加和城市化的加速,人们越来越珍惜自己周围的空气质量,对周围工厂排放的臭气不再容忍。而防止或解决“臭气问题”需要高昂的除臭费用和厂房设备投资、运营成本的投入,这些因素都限制了膜覆盖高温好氧发酵工艺在厨余有机物处理行业的推广应用。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的缺点和不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种厨余有机物好氧堆肥方法,该厨余有机物好氧堆肥方法省却了预处理环节,能够直接将已实行垃圾分类的厨余有机物进行建堆堆肥,将粗破碎环节由在堆肥槽内建堆之前调整到一次好氧发酵之后,采用收集并回喷发酵渗滤液,能够降低粗破碎系统的处理量,缩短发酵时间,减少臭气的产生以及环境污染。
本发明采用以下技术方案来实现本发明的目的:
一种厨余有机物好氧堆肥方法,包括如下步骤:
1)厨余垃圾分类、运输:对前端居民小区和农贸市场的厨余垃圾实行垃圾分类,将已实行垃圾分类的厨余有机物装入运输车转运至堆肥厂;
2)厨余有机物与调理剂混合均匀,形成堆肥预混物;
3)在堆肥槽内铺设一层调理剂,将堆肥预混物倾倒在上述铺好的调理剂上,得到混合物料;
4)将得到的混合物料堆成条堆;
5)将建堆的物料堆满堆肥槽后,铺盖防水透气膜;
6)插入传感器,开启通风,开始一次好氧发酵,一次好氧发酵20天-40天后,得到发酵残余物,并收集发酵渗滤液;
7)将发酵残余物转运至粗破碎系统进行粗破碎,得到粗破碎后的物料;
8)将上述粗破碎后的物料转运至发酵槽,重复步骤4)和步骤5),并回喷发酵渗滤液,开始二次好氧发酵,二次好氧发酵7天-20天即得腐熟的堆肥。
其中,步骤2)中,所述厨余有机物与调理剂的体积比为1:10-10:1。
其中,所述调理剂是将选自园林垃圾、树枝、秸秆、茶叶梗、甘蔗梗中的一种或几种粉碎至0.5cm-20cm得到的。所述调理剂的水分含量低,密度小,易降解,在与厨余有机物混合时该调理剂能够起到支撑作用并形成空隙,使氧气能够扩散到堆体的每个角落。
其中,步骤3)中,所述调理剂的厚度为4cm-40cm。目的是在堆肥槽底部形成一层疏松层,便于空气从底部扩散到堆体的每个角落。当调理剂的厚度过小,起不到足够的支撑作用,厨余有机物之间存在局部氧气不足,导致发酵时间过长;而当调理剂的厚度过大,会使得厨余有机物的处理量减少,投入成本过高。
其中,步骤4)中,所述堆成条堆的堆体高度为1.3米-3.5米,目的是达到一定的处理规模并获得较好的发酵效果。当建堆的堆体高度低于1.3米,厨余有机物等混合物料的处理量减少,且堆体散热快,无法达到足够的发酵温度;当建堆的堆体高度超过3.5米,物料堆积过高导致下部物料密实,不利于内部空气流通,好氧发酵效果差。
其中,步骤6)中,所述一次好氧发酵的发酵温度为55℃-80℃,通风量为33m3/min-37m3/min;一个鼓风周期内鼓风时间为30秒-3分钟以及停歇时间为1分钟-20分钟。采用上述通风量和发酵温度,能够减少翻堆且保证堆体内好氧发酵,减少臭气产生。
其中,步骤7)中,所述粗破碎是将发酵残余物粗破碎至0.1cm-6cm的尺寸。目的是达到更好的好氧发酵效果,当尺寸大于6cm时,在发酵周期内难以发酵完全。
其中,步骤8)中,所述二次好氧发酵的发酵温度为55℃-80℃,通风量为33m3/min-37m3/min;一个鼓风周期内鼓风时间为30秒-3分钟以及停歇时间为1分钟-20分钟。采用上述通风量和发酵温度,能够减少翻堆且保证堆体内好氧发酵,减少臭气产生。
其中,步骤8)中,所述回喷发酵渗滤液调节堆体的含水率为50%-70%。水分过多,降低了堆体内孔隙率,影响空气扩散,易造成厌氧状态;水分低于50%,微生物活性降低,堆肥温度随之下降。
本发明的厨余有机物好氧堆肥方法,还包括将腐熟的堆肥进行加工、存储的后处理操作过程。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有如下有益效果:
1)本发明的厨余有机物好氧堆肥方法在前处理环节已实行厨余垃圾分类、运输,减少了厨余垃圾二次分拣环节。
2)本发明的厨余有机物好氧堆肥方法直接将厨余有机物在堆肥槽内建堆,省却了预处理环节,且由于厨余有机物本身尺寸大,使得建堆后的堆体具有更好 的孔隙率,有利于空气流通,好氧细菌繁殖,减少了臭气的产生,缩短了发酵时间,提高了系统的效率。
3)本发明的厨余有机物好氧堆肥方法将粗破碎环节由在堆肥槽内建堆之前调整到一次好氧发酵之后,厨余有机物已减量50%左右,降低了粗破碎系统的处理量,降低了能耗,减少了运营费用;且一次好氧发酵之后的粗破碎环节已基本无臭味产生,极大减少了环境污染,并减少了除臭系统的投资。
4)本发明的厨余有机物好氧堆肥方法采用收集并回喷发酵渗滤液,不但能够调节堆体的含水率,而且可以极大减少环境污染。
5)本发明的厨余有机物好氧堆肥方法不需要封闭的厂房,降低了投资。
附图说明
图1为本发明厨余有机物好氧堆肥方法的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明,以下实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受下述实施例的限制。
表1 堆肥品质的评价方法及各性能指标的测试方法
Figure PCTCN2017092436-appb-000001
实施例1
一种厨余有机物好氧堆肥方法,包括如下步骤:
1)厨余垃圾分类、运输:对前端居民小区和农贸市场的厨余垃圾实行垃圾分类,将已实行垃圾分类的厨余有机物装入运输车转运至堆肥厂;
2)厨余有机物与调理剂按照体积比为1:1混合均匀,形成堆肥预混物;所 述调理剂是将选自园林垃圾、树枝、秸秆、茶叶梗、甘蔗梗中的一种或几种粉碎至10cm得到的;
3)在堆肥槽内铺设一层厚度为10cm的调理剂,将堆肥预混物倾倒在上述铺好的调理剂上,得到混合物料;
4)将得到的混合物料堆成条堆;堆成条堆的堆体高度为2.5米;
5)将建堆的物料堆满堆肥槽后,铺盖防水透气膜;
6)插入传感器,开启通风,开始一次好氧发酵,一次好氧发酵30天后,得到发酵残余物,并收集发酵渗滤液;所述一次好氧发酵的发酵温度为65℃,通风量为35m3/min;一个鼓风周期内鼓风时间为2分钟以及停歇时间为5分钟;
7)将发酵残余物转运至粗破碎系统进行粗破碎,得到粗破碎后的物料;所述粗破碎是将发酵残余物粗破碎至4cm的尺寸;
8)将上述粗破碎后的物料转运至发酵槽,重复步骤4)和步骤5),并回喷发酵渗滤液调节堆体的含水率为60%,开始二次好氧发酵;所述二次好氧发酵的发酵温度为65℃,通风量为35m3/min;一个鼓风周期内鼓风时间为2分钟以及停歇时间为5分钟;二次好氧发酵14天即得腐熟的堆肥。
效果:由于在前处理环节已实行厨余垃圾分类、运输,减少了厨余垃圾二次分拣环节;直接将厨余有机物在堆肥槽内建堆,省却了预处理环节,且由于厨余有机物本身尺寸大,使得建堆后的堆体具有更好的孔隙率,有利于空气流通,好氧细菌繁殖,减少了臭气的产生,缩短了发酵时间,提高了系统的效率;同时将粗破碎环节由在堆肥槽内建堆之前调整到一次好氧发酵之后,厨余有机物已减量50%左右,降低了粗破碎系统的处理量,降低了能耗,减少了运营费用;且一次好氧发酵之后的粗破碎环节已基本无臭味产生,极大减少了环境污染,并减少了除臭系统的投资;在一次好氧发酵过程中采用收集发酵渗滤液并在二次好氧发酵过程中采用回喷发酵渗滤液,不但能够调节堆体的含水率,而且可以极大减少环境污染;不需要封闭的厂房,降低了投资,且得到的堆肥品质高。
实施例2
一种厨余有机物好氧堆肥方法,包括如下步骤:
1)厨余垃圾分类、运输:对前端居民小区和农贸市场的厨余垃圾实行垃圾分类,将已实行垃圾分类的厨余有机物装入运输车转运至堆肥厂;
2)厨余有机物与调理剂按照体积比为1:10混合均匀,形成堆肥预混物;所 述调理剂是将选自园林垃圾、树枝、秸秆、茶叶梗、甘蔗梗中的一种或几种粉碎至5cm得到的;
3)在堆肥槽内铺设一层厚度为35cm的调理剂;将堆肥预混物倾倒在上述铺好的调理剂上,得到混合物料;
4)将得到的混合物料堆成条堆;堆成条堆的堆体高度为3.5米;
5)将建堆的物料堆满堆肥槽后,铺盖防水透气膜;
6)插入传感器,开启通风,开始一次好氧发酵,一次好氧发酵20天后,得到发酵残余物,并收集发酵渗滤液;所述一次好氧发酵的发酵温度为70℃,通风量为33m3/min;一个鼓风周期内鼓风时间为1分钟以及停歇时间为10分钟;
7)将发酵残余物转运至粗破碎系统进行粗破碎,得到粗破碎后的物料;所述粗破碎是将发酵残余物粗破碎至2cm的尺寸;
8)将上述粗破碎后的物料转运至发酵槽,重复步骤4)和步骤5),并回喷发酵渗滤液调节堆体的含水率为70%,开始二次好氧发酵;所述二次好氧发酵的发酵温度为70℃,通风量为33m3/min;一个鼓风周期内鼓风时间为1分钟以及停歇时间为10分钟;二次好氧发酵20天即得腐熟的堆肥;得到的堆肥品质高。
效果:由于在前处理环节已实行厨余垃圾分类、运输,减少了厨余垃圾二次分拣环节;直接将厨余有机物在堆肥槽内建堆,省却了预处理环节,且由于厨余有机物本身尺寸大,使得建堆后的堆体具有更好的孔隙率,有利于空气流通,好氧细菌繁殖,减少了臭气的产生,缩短了发酵时间,提高了系统的效率;同时将粗破碎环节由在堆肥槽内建堆之前调整到一次好氧发酵之后,厨余有机物已减量50%左右,降低了粗破碎系统的处理量,降低了能耗,减少了运营费用;且一次好氧发酵之后的粗破碎环节已基本无臭味产生,极大减少了环境污染,并减少了除臭系统的投资;在一次好氧发酵过程中采用收集发酵渗滤液并在二次好氧发酵过程中采用收集并回喷发酵渗滤液,不但能够调节堆体的含水率,而且可以极大减少环境污染;不需要封闭的厂房,降低了投资,且得到的堆肥品质高。
实施例3
一种厨余有机物好氧堆肥方法,包括如下步骤:
1)厨余垃圾分类、运输:对前端居民小区和农贸市场的厨余垃圾实行垃圾分类,将已实行垃圾分类的厨余有机物装入运输车转运至堆肥厂;
2)厨余有机物与调理剂按照体积比为1:5混合均匀,形成堆肥预混物;所 述调理剂是将选自园林垃圾、树枝、秸秆、茶叶梗、甘蔗梗中的一种或几种粉碎至20cm得到的;
3)在堆肥槽内铺设一层厚度为40cm的调理剂;将堆肥预混物倾倒在上述铺好的调理剂上,混合均匀,得到混合物料;
4)将得到的混合物料堆成条堆;堆成条堆的堆体高度为2.5米;
5)将建堆的物料堆满堆肥槽后,铺盖防水透气膜;
6)插入传感器,开启通风,开始一次好氧发酵,一次好氧发酵40天后,得到发酵残余物,并收集发酵渗滤液;所述一次好氧发酵的发酵温度为55℃,通风量为37m3/min;一个鼓风周期内鼓风时间为3分钟以及停歇时间为1分钟;
7)将发酵残余物转运至粗破碎系统进行粗破碎,得到粗破碎后的物料;所述粗破碎是将发酵残余物粗破碎至1cm的尺寸;
8)将上述粗破碎后的物料转运至发酵槽,重复步骤4)和步骤5),并回喷发酵渗滤液调节堆体的含水率为50%,开始二次好氧发酵;所述二次好氧发酵的发酵温度为55℃,通风量为37m3/min;一个鼓风周期内鼓风时间为3分钟以及停歇时间为1分钟;二次好氧发酵7天即得腐熟的堆肥;得到的堆肥品质高。
效果:由于在前处理环节已实行厨余垃圾分类、运输,减少了厨余垃圾二次分拣环节;直接将厨余有机物在堆肥槽内建堆,省却了预处理环节,且由于厨余有机物本身尺寸大,使得建堆后的堆体具有更好的孔隙率,有利于空气流通,好氧细菌繁殖,减少了臭气的产生,缩短了发酵时间,提高了系统的效率;同时将粗破碎环节由在堆肥槽内建堆之前调整到一次好氧发酵之后,厨余有机物已减量50%左右,降低了粗破碎系统的处理量,降低了能耗,减少了运营费用;且一次好氧发酵之后的粗破碎环节已基本无臭味产生,极大减少了环境污染,并减少了除臭系统的投资;在一次好氧发酵过程中采用收集发酵渗滤液并在二次好氧发酵过程中采用收集并回喷发酵渗滤液,不但能够调节堆体的含水率,而且可以极大减少环境污染;不需要封闭的厂房,降低了投资,且得到的堆肥品质高。
实施例4
一种厨余有机物好氧堆肥方法,包括如下步骤:
1)厨余垃圾分类、运输:对前端居民小区和农贸市场的厨余垃圾实行垃圾分类,将已实行垃圾分类的厨余有机物装入运输车转运至堆肥厂;
2)厨余有机物与调理剂按照体积比为10:1混合均匀,形成堆肥预混物;所 述调理剂是将选自园林垃圾、树枝、秸秆、茶叶梗、甘蔗梗中的一种或几种粉碎至0.5cm得到的;
3)在堆肥槽内铺设一层厚度为4cm的调理剂;将堆肥预混物倾倒在上述铺好的调理剂上,得到混合物料;
4)将得到的混合物料堆成条堆;堆成条堆的堆体高度为1.3米;
5)将建堆的物料堆满堆肥槽后,铺盖防水透气膜;
6)插入传感器,开启通风,开始一次好氧发酵,一次好氧发酵30天后,得到发酵残余物,并收集发酵渗滤液;所述一次好氧发酵的发酵温度为80℃,通风量为35m3/min;一个鼓风周期内鼓风时间为30秒以及停歇时间为20分钟;
7)将发酵残余物转运至粗破碎系统进行粗破碎,得到粗破碎后的物料;所述粗破碎是将发酵残余物粗破碎至4cm的尺寸;
8)将上述粗破碎后的物料转运至发酵槽,重复步骤4)和步骤5),并回喷发酵渗滤液调节堆体的含水率为60%,开始二次好氧发酵;所述二次好氧发酵的发酵温度为80℃,通风量为35m3/min;一个鼓风周期内鼓风时间为30秒以及停歇时间为20分钟;二次好氧发酵14天即得腐熟的堆肥;得到的堆肥品质高。
效果:由于在前处理环节已实行厨余垃圾分类、运输,减少了厨余垃圾二次分拣环节;直接将厨余有机物在堆肥槽内建堆,省却了预处理环节,且由于厨余有机物本身尺寸大,使得建堆后的堆体具有更好的孔隙率,有利于空气流通,好氧细菌繁殖,减少了臭气的产生,缩短了发酵时间,提高了系统的效率;同时将粗破碎环节由在堆肥槽内建堆之前调整到一次好氧发酵之后,厨余有机物已减量50%左右,降低了粗破碎系统的处理量,降低了能耗,减少了运营费用;且一次好氧发酵之后的粗破碎环节已基本无臭味产生,极大减少了环境污染,并减少了除臭系统的投资;在一次好氧发酵过程中采用收集发酵渗滤液并在二次好氧发酵过程中采用收集并回喷发酵渗滤液,不但能够调节堆体的含水率,而且可以极大减少环境污染;不需要封闭的厂房,降低了投资,且得到的堆肥品质高。
对比例1
调换步骤6)和步骤8)的顺序,其它同实施例1,由于二次好氧发酵前的物料未破碎,尺寸较大的物料完全腐熟需要更长的时间,整个发酵过程将延长到55天;另外,由于在堆肥完成后,部分大尺寸的厨余有机物内部未腐熟,从而 降低了堆肥品质,得到的堆肥品质中。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种厨余有机物好氧堆肥方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
    1)厨余垃圾分类、运输:对前端居民小区和农贸市场的厨余垃圾实行垃圾分类,将已实行垃圾分类的厨余有机物装入运输车转运至堆肥厂;
    2)厨余有机物与调理剂混合均匀,形成堆肥预混物;
    3)在堆肥槽内铺设一层调理剂,将堆肥预混物倾倒在上述铺好的调理剂上,得到混合物料;;
    4)将得到的混合物料堆成条堆;
    5)将建堆的物料堆满堆肥槽后,铺盖防水透气膜;
    6)插入传感器,开启通风,开始一次好氧发酵,一次好氧发酵20天-40天后,得到发酵残余物,并收集发酵渗滤液;
    7)将发酵残余物转运至粗破碎系统进行粗破碎,得到粗破碎后的物料;
    8)将上述粗破碎后的物料转运至发酵槽,重复步骤4)和步骤5),并回喷发酵渗滤液,开始二次好氧发酵,二次好氧发酵7天-20天即得腐熟的堆肥。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的厨余有机物好氧堆肥方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中,所述厨余有机物与调理剂的体积比为1:10-10:1。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的厨余有机物好氧堆肥方法,其特征在于,步骤3)中,所述调理剂的厚度为4cm-40cm。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的厨余有机物好氧堆肥方法,其特征在于,所述调理剂是将选自园林垃圾、树枝、秸秆、茶叶梗、甘蔗梗中的一种或几种粉碎至0.5cm-20cm得到的。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的厨余垃圾快速发酵方法,其特征在于,步骤4)中,所述堆成条堆的堆体高度为1.3米-3.5米。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的厨余有机物好氧堆肥方法,其特征在于,步骤6)中,所述一次好氧发酵的发酵温度为55℃-80℃,通风量为33m3/min-37m3/min;一个鼓风周期内鼓风时间为30秒-3分钟以及停歇时间为1分钟-20分钟。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的厨余有机物好氧堆肥方法,其特征在于,步骤7)中,所述粗破碎是将发酵残余物粗破碎至0.1cm-6cm的尺寸。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的厨余有机物好氧堆肥方法,其特征在于,步骤8)中,所述二次好氧发酵的发酵温度为55℃-80℃,通风量为33m3/min-37m3/min;一个鼓风周期内鼓风时间为30秒-3分钟以及停歇时间为1分钟-20分钟。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的厨余有机物好氧堆肥方法,其特征在于,步骤8)中,所述回喷发酵渗滤液调节堆体的含水率为50%-70%。
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