WO2018014756A1 - 一种厨余垃圾快速发酵方法 - Google Patents

一种厨余垃圾快速发酵方法 Download PDF

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WO2018014756A1
WO2018014756A1 PCT/CN2017/092434 CN2017092434W WO2018014756A1 WO 2018014756 A1 WO2018014756 A1 WO 2018014756A1 CN 2017092434 W CN2017092434 W CN 2017092434W WO 2018014756 A1 WO2018014756 A1 WO 2018014756A1
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fermentation
kitchen waste
species
conditioning agent
blast
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PCT/CN2017/092434
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张佳源
欧阳春平
王超军
杨彪
曾祥斌
蔡彤旻
黄险波
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金发科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2018014756A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018014756A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
    • C05F9/04—Biological compost
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of degradable solid waste cleaning treatment, in particular to a method for rapid fermentation of kitchen waste.
  • Kitchen waste is a substance with high fat content, and contains too much protein, cellulose, etc., and is easy to smell. It is strictly controlled waste, and its treatment is difficult to solve due to problems such as odor, waste water and the like. The disposal of the waste is generally carried out by landfill and other operations, and has relative defects. Therefore, it can effectively solve the kitchen waste.
  • the use of kitchen waste compost is the best treatment method and is very environmentally friendly.
  • the traditional kitchen waste composting methods mainly include trough type and strip type: trough type composting method uses fermenting tank to carry composting materials, and the fermentation process is generally completed in the workshop, which is easy to cause local anaerobic and generate more odor. .
  • the strip type composting method directly stacks the material into a triangular section or a trapezoidal section strip, generally stacked in the open air, with low investment and flexible processing scale, but the odor can not be effectively controlled during the composting process, easily causing air pollution, and the environmental climate In particular, the precipitation process has a greater impact on the effect of strip-type composting.
  • the above-mentioned trough and strip type traditional kitchen waste composting methods are natural microbial fermentation, while the types and quantities of microorganisms in the environment are limited, the initial stage of fermentation is slow, and some organic matter in kitchen waste is not completely degraded. There is no ideal compost product at all, so the microbial growth needs to have more stable conditions, otherwise it will not accelerate the degradation rate of organic matter and shorten the fermentation time.
  • the present invention aims to provide a rapid fermentation method for kitchen waste, which can accelerate the degradation rate of organic matter, shorten the fermentation time, and reduce the odor.
  • the amount of beneficial microorganisms is increased in the compost obtained by the rapid fermentation method of the kitchen waste.
  • a method for rapidly fermenting food waste comprising the following steps:
  • the thickness of the conditioning agent is from 4 cm to 40 cm; wherein the conditioning agent pulverizes one or more selected from the group consisting of garden garbage, branches, straw, tea stems, and sugar cane stems to 0.5 Cm-20cm obtained.
  • the conditioning agent has low moisture content, low density and easy degradation, and the conditioning agent can support and form a void when mixed with the kitchen waste, so that oxygen can reach every corner of the kitchen waste.
  • the thickness of the conditioning agent is too thin, there is not enough supporting effect, there is still insufficient oxygen between the kitchen waste, it will emit odor, and the fermentation time is too long; and when the thickness of the conditioning agent is too thick, it will make the kitchen waste The amount of garbage handled is reduced and the input cost is too high.
  • the EM strain is selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus species, Bacillus species, Pseudomonas species, nitrogen-fixing bacteria species, Microbacterium species, Trichoderma species, Aspergillus species, White rot fungi species, and One or more of yeast yeast species, Streptomyces species, and high temperature actinomycetes.
  • the weight ratio of the EM species to the conditioning agent is 1:1000-1:100,000.
  • step 4 the volume ratio of the kitchen waste to the conditioner sprayed with the EM strain is 1:10-10:1, and the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of the mixture 1 is 10:1-40:1.
  • step 6 the volume ratio of the kitchen waste to the mixture 2 is 1:10-10:1.
  • the height of the pile body is 1.3 meters - 3.5 meters, the purpose is to achieve a certain The treatment scale and obtain better fermentation results.
  • the height of the pile is less than 1.3 meters, the processing capacity of the mixture of kitchen waste and other materials is reduced, and the heat dissipation of the pile is fast, and sufficient fermentation temperature cannot be achieved;
  • the pile height of the pile is more than 3.5 meters, the material is piled up. High causes the lower material to be dense, which is not conducive to internal air circulation, and the aerobic fermentation effect is poor.
  • the moisture content of the piled pile is 40% by weight to 70% by weight. Excessive moisture reduces the porosity of the heap, affects air diffusion, and easily causes anaerobic conditions; moisture is less than 40%, microbial activity is reduced, and composting temperature is reduced.
  • the odor-reducing vapor permeable membrane is a functional membrane having special micropores, which has a semi-permeable function, can realize a relatively constant climatic environment, and can diffuse water vapor and carbon dioxide from the fermentation body. Go out and block the passage of harmful gases such as hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. Covering the odor-reducing and vapor permeable membrane can create a stable and suitable environment for the microorganisms, and the microorganisms can be rapidly grown, and the fermentation time can be greatly shortened; the odor-reducing and vapor permeable membrane adopts Gore ( ) Enclosure system.
  • step 9 the fermentation temperature of the batch blast primary fermentation is 55 ° C - 80 ° C, the air volume is 33 m 3 /min - 37 m 3 / min; the blast time in a blast cycle is 30 seconds -3 Minutes and breaks are 10 minutes to 30 minutes.
  • the fermentation temperature of the intermittent blast secondary fermentation is 55 ° C - 80 ° C, the blast volume is 33 m 3 /min - 37 m 3 / min; the blast time in a blast cycle is 30 seconds - 3 minutes and the break time is 10 minutes - 30 minutes.
  • the invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the EM strain added in the rapid fermentation method of the kitchen waste garbage of the present invention contains deodorizing bacteria, which can degrade lignin in the kitchen waste, thereby reducing the generation of odors such as hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gas, and can be significantly accelerated.
  • the rate of degradation of organic matter shortens the fermentation time.
  • the rapid fermentation method of the kitchen waste garbage of the invention adopts the construction in the composting tank, reduces the diffusion of the odor during the transportation of the kitchen waste, and adopts intermittent blasting, which can reduce the turning and ensure the aerobic fermentation in the heap. , reducing the production of odor.
  • the rapid fermentation method of the kitchen waste garbage of the invention covers the odor-reducing and vapor-permeable membrane, can produce a stable and suitable environment for the microorganisms, the microorganisms are rapidly increased, the fermentation time can be greatly shortened, and the whole fermentation process time is shortened by 10%-50%. .
  • a method for rapidly fermenting food waste comprising the following steps:
  • the conditioning agent is obtained by pulverizing one or more selected from the group consisting of garden garbage, branches, straw, tea stems, and sugar cane stems to 10 cm;
  • the EM strain Species selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus species, Bacillus species, Pseudomonas species, nitrogen-fixing bacteria species, Microbacterium species, Trichoderma species, Aspergillus species, White rot fungi species, Schizosaccharomyces species, Streptomyces species, high temperature One or more of the strains;
  • the moisture content of the pile is 55 wt%, repeating steps 7) and 8), starting the intermittent blast secondary fermentation; the intermittent blast secondary fermentation
  • the fermentation temperature was 65 ° C, the blast volume was 35 m 3 /min; the blast time was 2 minutes in one blast cycle and the stop time was 20 minutes; the composting was obtained by intermittent blasting for 7 days.
  • a method for rapidly fermenting food waste comprising the following steps:
  • the conditioning agent is obtained by pulverizing one or more selected from the group consisting of garden garbage, branches, straw, tea stems, and sugar cane stems to 5 cm;
  • the EM bacteria Species selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus species, Bacillus species, Pseudomonas species, nitrogen-fixing bacteria species, Microbacterium species, Trichoderma species, Aspergillus species, White rot fungi species, Schizosaccharomyces species, Streptomyces species, high temperature One or more of the strains;
  • the kitchen waste is poured onto the above mixture material 2, and uniformly mixed by a forklift to obtain a mixture material 3; the volume ratio of the kitchen waste to the mixture material 2 is 1:2;
  • a method for rapidly fermenting food waste comprising the following steps:
  • the conditioning agent is obtained by pulverizing one or more selected from the group consisting of garden garbage, branches, straw, tea stems, and sugar cane stems to 20 cm;
  • the EM strain Species selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus species, Bacillus species, Pseudomonas species, nitrogen-fixing bacteria species, Microbacterium species, Trichoderma species, Aspergillus species, White rot fungi species, Schizosaccharomyces species, Streptomyces species, high temperature One or more of the strains;
  • the kitchen waste is poured onto the above mixture material 2, and uniformly mixed by a forklift to obtain a mixture material 3; the volume ratio of the kitchen waste to the mixture material 2 is 10:1;
  • a method for rapidly fermenting food waste comprising the following steps:
  • the conditioning agent is obtained by pulverizing one or more selected from the group consisting of garden garbage, branches, straw, tea stems, and sugar cane stems to 0.5 cm;
  • the EM strain Species selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus species, Bacillus species, Pseudomonas species, nitrogen-fixing bacteria species, Microbacterium species, Trichoderma species, Aspergillus species, White rot fungi species, Schizosaccharomyces species, Streptomyces species, high temperature One or more of the strains;
  • the kitchen waste is poured onto the above mixture material 2, and uniformly mixed by a forklift to obtain a mixture material 3; the volume ratio of the kitchen waste to the mixture material 2 is 1:10;
  • the moisture content of the pile is 70 wt%, repeating steps 7) and 8), starting the intermittent blast secondary fermentation; the intermittent blast secondary fermentation
  • the fermentation temperature was 55 ° C, the air volume was 33 m 3 /min; the blast time was 30 seconds in one blast cycle and the rest time was 10 minutes; the composting was obtained by intermittent blasting for 5 days.
  • step 9) and step 10) were reversed, and in the same manner as in Example 1, the composting time was 72 days, and the entire fermentation process time was extended by 200%.
  • the EM strain step was uniformly sprayed. Others were the same as in Example 1, the composting time was 36 days, and the whole fermentation process time was extended by 50%.
  • the step of covering the odor-reducing and vapor-permeable membrane without steps 8) and 10) was replaced by the ordinary film laying, and the same as in Example 1, the composting time was 28 days, and the whole fermentation process time was extended by 16.7%.
  • the fermentation tank is used to carry the compost material, and the fermentation process is generally completed in the workshop, which is easy to cause local anaerobic and generate more odor.
  • the composting time was 33 days, and the whole fermentation process was extended by 37.5%.
  • the strip type composting method directly stacks the material into a triangular section or a trapezoidal section strip, generally stacked in the open air, with low investment and flexible processing scale, but the odor can not be effectively controlled during the composting process, easily causing air pollution, and the environmental climate In particular, the precipitation process has a greater impact on the effect of strip-type composting.
  • the composting time was 30 days, and the whole fermentation process was extended by 25%.

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Abstract

一种厨余垃圾快速发酵方法：1)开启鼓风设备；2)在堆肥槽内铺设调理剂；3)将EM菌种均匀喷洒在调理剂上；4)将厨余垃圾倾倒在上述调理剂上，混合均匀，得混合物料一；5)再将调理剂倾倒在混合物料一上，并喷洒EM菌种，得混合物料二；6)再将厨余垃圾倾倒在混合物料二上，混合均匀，得混合物料三；7)建堆；8)将建堆的物料堆满堆肥槽的整条槽后，铺盖抑臭透汽膜；9)采用间歇鼓风一次发酵14天-21天后，得到发酵残余物；10)将发酵残余物转移至另一条槽，重复步骤7)和步骤8)，开始间歇鼓风二次发酵5天-10天即得腐熟的堆肥。通过采用在堆肥槽内建堆，同时采用间歇鼓风发酵，并添加EM菌种，使得整个发酵过程时间缩短10%-50%。

Description

一种厨余垃圾快速发酵方法 技术领域
本发明涉及可降解性固体废弃物清洁处理领域，特别涉及一种厨余垃圾快速发酵方法。
背景技术
厨余垃圾属于油脂较高的物质，并含有过多的蛋白质、纤维素等且易发臭，属于严控废物，它的处理因易发臭、废水等问题不易解决而显得困难重重，目前厨余垃圾的处理一般采取填埋等操作，具有相对的缺陷性，因此，能有效解决厨余垃圾，使用厨余垃圾堆肥是一种最好的处理方法，非常环保。
目前，传统的厨余垃圾堆肥方法主要有槽式和条垛式两类：槽式堆肥方法采用发酵槽承载堆肥物料，发酵过程一般在车间内完成，易造成局部厌氧，产生的臭气多。条垛式堆肥方法直接将物料堆码成三角形断面或梯形断面条垛，一般露天堆置，投资少且处理规模灵活，但堆肥过程中臭气无法得到有效控制，易造成空气污染，且环境气候尤其是降水过程对条垛式堆肥效果影响较大。
此外，上述槽式和条垛式两类传统的厨余垃圾堆肥方法均为自然微生物发酵，而环境中微生物种类和数量有限，发酵起始阶段慢，厨余垃圾中的某些有机物降解不完全，根本得不到理想的堆肥产物，因此微生物生长需要有较稳定的条件，否则起不到加快有机物降解速度，缩短发酵时间的效果。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的技术缺点和不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种厨余垃圾快速发酵方法，该厨余垃圾快速发酵方法能够明显加快有机物降解速度，缩短发酵时间，且能减少臭气的产生，且该厨余垃圾快速发酵方法得到的堆肥，有益微生物量得到增加。
本发明采用以下技术方案来实现本发明的目的：
一种厨余垃圾快速发酵方法，包括如下步骤：
1)开启鼓风设备，保持连续通风状态，清空堵塞的孔眼；
2)在堆肥槽内铺设一层调理剂；
3)将活化好的EM菌种均匀喷洒在上述铺好的调理剂上，得到喷洒有EM菌种的调理剂；
4)将厨余垃圾倾倒在上述喷洒有EM菌种的调理剂上，用铲车混合均匀，得到混合物料一；
5)再将调理剂倾倒在上述混合物料一上，并均匀喷洒EM菌种，得到混合物料二；
6)再将厨余垃圾倾倒在上述混合物料二上，用铲车混合均匀，得到混合物料三；
7)将上述混合物料三建堆，建堆的堆体高度为1.3米-3.5米；
8)将建堆的物料堆满堆肥槽的整条槽后，铺盖抑臭透汽膜；
9)采用间歇鼓风一次发酵，间歇鼓风一次发酵14天-21天后，得到发酵残余物；
10)然后将发酵残余物转移至堆肥槽的另一条槽，重复步骤7)和步骤8)，开始间歇鼓风二次发酵，间歇鼓风二次发酵5天-10天即得腐熟的堆肥。
其中，步骤2)中，所述调理剂的厚度为4cm-40cm；其中，所述调理剂是将选自园林垃圾、树枝、秸秆、茶叶梗、甘蔗梗中的一种或几种粉碎至0.5cm-20cm得到的。所述调理剂的水分含量低，密度小，易降解，在与厨余垃圾混合时该调理剂能够起到支撑作用并形成空隙，使氧气能够到达厨余垃圾的每个角落。当调理剂的厚度过薄，起不到足够的支撑作用，厨余垃圾之间仍然存在氧气不足，会发出臭味，且发酵时间过长；而当调理剂的厚度过厚，会使得厨余垃圾的处理量减少，投入成本过高。
其中，步骤3)中，所述EM菌种选自乳杆菌种、芽孢杆菌种、假单胞杆菌种、固氮菌种、微杆菌种、木霉菌种、曲霉菌种、白腐真菌种、裂殖酵母菌种、链霉菌种、高温放线菌种中一种或几种。
其中，步骤3)和5)中，所述EM菌种与调理剂的重量比为1:1000-1:100000。
其中，步骤4)中，所述厨余垃圾与上述喷洒有EM菌种的调理剂的体积比为1:10-10:1，混合物料一的碳氮比为10:1-40:1。
其中，步骤6)中，所述厨余垃圾与上述混合物料二的体积比为1:10-10:1。
其中，步骤7)中，所述建堆的堆体高度为1.3米-3.5米，目的是达到一定 的处理规模并获得较好的发酵效果。当建堆的堆体高度低于1.3米，厨余垃圾等混合物料的处理量减少，且堆体散热快，无法达到足够的发酵温度；当建堆的堆体高度超过3.5米，物料堆积过高导致下部物料密实，不利于内部空气流通，好氧发酵效果差。
其中，步骤7)和10)中，建堆的堆体的水分含量为40wt％-70wt％。水分过多，降低了堆体内孔隙率，影响空气扩散，易造成厌氧状态；水分低于40％，微生物活性降低，堆肥温度随之下降。
其中，步骤8)中，所述抑臭透汽膜是一种具有特制微孔的功能膜，具有半渗透功能，能够实现一个较恒定的气候环境，能使水蒸气和二氧化碳从发酵体中扩散出去，阻断硫化氢、氨气等有害气体的通过。铺盖该抑臭透汽膜，能够给微生物制造一个稳定适宜生长的环境，微生物得到快速增长，能够大大缩短发酵时间；所述的抑臭透汽膜采用戈尔(
Figure PCTCN2017092434-appb-000001
)封罩系统。
其中，步骤9)中，所述间歇鼓风一次发酵的发酵温度为55℃-80℃，鼓风量为33m3/min-37m3/min；一个鼓风周期内鼓风时间为30秒-3分钟以及停歇时间为10分钟-30分钟。采用上述间歇式通风，能够减少翻堆且保证堆体内好氧发酵，减少臭气产生。
其中，步骤10)中，所述间歇鼓风二次发酵的发酵温度为55℃-80℃，鼓风量为33m3/min-37m3/min；一个鼓风周期内鼓风时间为30秒-3分钟以及停歇时间为10分钟-30分钟。采用上述间歇式通风，能够减少翻堆且保证堆体内好氧发酵，减少臭气产生。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有如下有益效果：
1)本发明的厨余垃圾快速发酵方法中添加的EM菌种中含有除臭细菌，能够降解厨余垃圾中的木质素，从而减少硫化氢、氨气等臭气的产生，且能够明显加快有机物降解速度，缩短发酵时间。
2)本发明的厨余垃圾快速发酵方法采用在堆肥槽内建堆，减少了厨余垃圾运输过程中的臭气的扩散，同时采用间歇鼓风，能够减少翻堆和保证堆体内好氧发酵，减少了臭气的产生。
3)本发明的厨余垃圾快速发酵方法铺盖抑臭透汽膜，能够给微生物制造一个稳定适宜生长的环境，微生物得到快速增长，能够大大缩短发酵时间，整个发酵过程时间缩短10％-50％。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明，以下实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受下述实施例的限制。
实施例1
一种厨余垃圾快速发酵方法，包括如下步骤：
1)开启鼓风设备，保持连续通风状态，清空堵塞的孔眼；
2)在堆肥槽内铺一层厚度为30cm的调理剂；所述调理剂是将选自园林垃圾、树枝、秸秆、茶叶梗、甘蔗梗中的一种或几种粉碎至10cm得到的；
3)将活化好的EM菌种按照EM菌种与调理剂的重量比为1:10000的比例均匀喷洒在上述铺好的调理剂上，得到喷洒有EM菌种的调理剂；所述EM菌种选自乳杆菌种、芽孢杆菌种、假单胞杆菌种、固氮菌种、微杆菌种、木霉菌种、曲霉菌种、白腐真菌种、裂殖酵母菌种、链霉菌种、高温放线菌种中一种或几种；
4)将厨余垃圾倾倒在上述喷洒有EM菌种的调理剂上，用铲车混合均匀，得到混合物料一；所述厨余垃圾与上述喷洒有EM菌种的调理剂的体积比为1:1，混合物料一的碳氮比为25:1；
5)再将调理剂倾倒在上述混合物料一上，并按照EM菌种与调理剂的重量比为1:10000的比例均匀喷洒EM菌种，得到混合物料二；
6)再将厨余垃圾倾倒在上述混合物料二上，用铲车混合均匀，得到混合物料三；所述厨余垃圾与上述混合物料二的体积比为1:1；
7)将上述混合物料三建堆，建堆的堆体高度为3.0米，建堆的堆体的水分含量为55wt％；
8)将建堆的物料堆满堆肥槽的整条槽后，铺盖抑臭透汽膜；
9)采用间歇鼓风一次发酵，间歇鼓风一次发酵17天后，得到发酵残余物；所述间歇鼓风一次发酵的发酵温度为65℃，鼓风量为35m3/min；一个鼓风周期内鼓风时间为2分钟以及停歇时间为20分钟；
10)将发酵残余物转移至另一条槽，建堆的堆体的水分含量为55wt％，重复步骤7)和步骤8)，开始间歇鼓风二次发酵；所述间歇鼓风二次发酵的发酵温度为65℃，鼓风量为35m3/min；一个鼓风周期内鼓风时间为2分钟以及停歇时间为20分钟；间歇鼓风二次发酵7天即得腐熟的堆肥。
实施例2
一种厨余垃圾快速发酵方法，包括如下步骤：
1)开启鼓风设备，保持连续通风状态，清空堵塞的孔眼；
2)在堆肥槽内铺一层厚度为20cm的调理剂；所述调理剂是将选自园林垃圾、树枝、秸秆、茶叶梗、甘蔗梗中的一种或几种粉碎至5cm得到的；
3)将活化好的EM菌种按照EM菌种与调理剂的重量比为1:50000的比例均匀喷洒在上述铺好的调理剂上，得到喷洒有EM菌种的调理剂；所述EM菌种选自乳杆菌种、芽孢杆菌种、假单胞杆菌种、固氮菌种、微杆菌种、木霉菌种、曲霉菌种、白腐真菌种、裂殖酵母菌种、链霉菌种、高温放线菌种中一种或几种；
4)将厨余垃圾倾倒在上述喷洒有EM菌种的调理剂上，用铲车混合均匀，得到混合物料一；所述厨余垃圾与上述喷洒有EM菌种的调理剂的体积比为1:2，混合物料一的碳氮比为20:1；
5)再将调理剂倾倒在上述混合物料一上，并按照EM菌种与调理剂的重量比为1:50000的比例均匀喷洒EM菌种，得到混合物料二；
6)再将厨余垃圾倾倒在上述混合物料二上，用铲车混合均匀，得到混合物料三；所述厨余垃圾与上述混合物料二的体积比为1:2；
7)将上述混合物料三建堆，建堆的堆体高度为2.5米，建堆的堆体的水分含量为60wt％；
8)将建堆的物料堆满堆肥槽的整条槽后，铺盖抑臭透汽膜；
9)采用间歇鼓风一次发酵，间歇鼓风一次发酵18天后，得到发酵残余物；所述间歇鼓风一次发酵的发酵温度为70℃，鼓风量为35m3/min；一个鼓风周期内鼓风时间为1分钟以及停歇时间为15分钟；
10)将发酵残余物转移至另一条槽，建堆的堆体的水分含量为60wt％，重复步骤7)和步骤8)，开始间歇鼓风二次发酵；所述间歇鼓风二次发酵的发酵温度为70℃，鼓风量为35m3/min；一个鼓风周期内鼓风时间为1分钟以及停歇时间为15分钟；间歇鼓风二次发酵8天即得腐熟的堆肥。
实施例3
一种厨余垃圾快速发酵方法，包括如下步骤：
1)开启鼓风设备，保持连续通风状态，清空堵塞的孔眼；
2)在堆肥槽内铺一层厚度为4cm的调理剂；所述调理剂是将选自园林垃圾、树枝、秸秆、茶叶梗、甘蔗梗中的一种或几种粉碎至20cm得到的；
3)将活化好的EM菌种按照EM菌种与调理剂的重量比为1:100000的比例均匀喷洒在上述铺好的调理剂上，得到喷洒有EM菌种的调理剂；所述EM菌种选自乳杆菌种、芽孢杆菌种、假单胞杆菌种、固氮菌种、微杆菌种、木霉菌种、曲霉菌种、白腐真菌种、裂殖酵母菌种、链霉菌种、高温放线菌种中一种或几种；
4)将厨余垃圾倾倒在上述喷洒有EM菌种的调理剂上，用铲车混合均匀，得到混合物料一；所述厨余垃圾与上述喷洒有EM菌种的调理剂的体积比为10:1，混合物料一的碳氮比为10:1；
5)再将调理剂倾倒在上述混合物料一上，并按照EM菌种与调理剂的重量比为1:100000的比例均匀喷洒EM菌种，得到混合物料二；
6)再将厨余垃圾倾倒在上述混合物料二上，用铲车混合均匀，得到混合物料三；所述厨余垃圾与上述混合物料二的体积比为10:1；
7)将上述混合物料三建堆，建堆的堆体高度为1.3米，建堆的堆体的水分含量为40wt％；
8)将建堆的物料堆满堆肥槽的整条槽后，铺盖抑臭透汽膜；
9)采用间歇鼓风一次发酵，间歇鼓风一次发酵21天后，得到发酵残余物；所述间歇鼓风一次发酵的发酵温度为80℃，鼓风量为37m3/min；一个鼓风周期内鼓风时间为3分钟以及停歇时间为30分钟；
10)将发酵残余物转移至另一条槽，建堆的堆体的水分含量为40wt％，重复步骤7)和步骤8)，开始间歇鼓风二次发酵；所述间歇鼓风二次发酵的发酵温度为80℃，鼓风量为37m3/min；一个鼓风周期内鼓风时间为3分钟以及停歇时间为30分钟；间歇鼓风二次发酵10天即得腐熟的堆肥。
实施例4
一种厨余垃圾快速发酵方法，包括如下步骤：
1)开启鼓风设备，保持连续通风状态，清空堵塞的孔眼；
2)在堆肥槽内铺一层厚度为40cm的调理剂；所述调理剂是将选自园林垃圾、树枝、秸秆、茶叶梗、甘蔗梗中的一种或几种粉碎至0.5cm得到的；
3)将活化好的EM菌种按照EM菌种与调理剂的重量比为1:1000的比例均匀喷洒在上述铺好的调理剂上，得到喷洒有EM菌种的调理剂；所述EM菌种选自乳杆菌种、芽孢杆菌种、假单胞杆菌种、固氮菌种、微杆菌种、木霉菌种、曲霉菌种、白腐真菌种、裂殖酵母菌种、链霉菌种、高温放线菌种中一种或几种；
4)将厨余垃圾倾倒在上述喷洒有EM菌种的调理剂上，用铲车混合均匀，得到混合物料一；所述厨余垃圾与上述喷洒有EM菌种的调理剂的体积比为5:1，混合物料一的碳氮比为40:1；
5)再将调理剂倾倒在上述混合物料一上，并按照EM菌种与调理剂的重量比为1:1000的比例均匀喷洒EM菌种，得到混合物料二；
6)再将厨余垃圾倾倒在上述混合物料二上，用铲车混合均匀，得到混合物料三；所述厨余垃圾与上述混合物料二的体积比为1:10；
7)将上述混合物料三建堆，建堆的堆体高度为3.5米，建堆的堆体的水分含量为70wt％；
8)将建堆的物料堆满堆肥槽的整条槽后，铺盖抑臭透汽膜；
9)采用间歇鼓风一次发酵，间歇鼓风一次发酵14天后，得到发酵残余物；所述间歇鼓风一次发酵的发酵温度为55℃，鼓风量为33m3/min；一个鼓风周期内鼓风时间为30秒以及停歇时间为10分钟；
10)将发酵残余物转移至另一条槽，建堆的堆体的水分含量为70wt％，重复步骤7)和步骤8)，开始间歇鼓风二次发酵；所述间歇鼓风二次发酵的发酵温度为55℃，鼓风量为33m3/min；一个鼓风周期内鼓风时间为30秒以及停歇时间为10分钟；间歇鼓风二次发酵5天即得腐熟的堆肥。
对比例1：
调换步骤9)和步骤10)的顺序，其它同实施例1，堆肥腐熟时间72天，整个发酵过程时间将延长200％。
对比例2：
无步骤3)和5)的均匀喷洒EM菌种步骤，其它同实施例1，堆肥腐熟时间36天，整个发酵过程时间延长50％。
对比例3：
无步骤8)和10)的铺盖抑臭透汽膜步骤，替换为铺盖普通的薄膜，其它同实施例1，堆肥腐熟时间28天，整个发酵过程时间延长16.7％。
对比例4：
采用发酵槽承载堆肥物料，发酵过程一般在车间内完成，易造成局部厌氧，产生的臭气多。堆肥腐熟时间33天，整个发酵过程时间延长37.5％。
对比例5：
条垛式堆肥方法直接将物料堆码成三角形断面或梯形断面条垛，一般露天堆置，投资少且处理规模灵活，但堆肥过程中臭气无法得到有效控制，易造成空气污染，且环境气候尤其是降水过程对条垛式堆肥效果影响较大。堆肥腐熟时间30天，整个发酵过程时间延长25％。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种厨余垃圾快速发酵方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    1)开启鼓风设备，保持连续通风状态，清空堵塞的孔眼；
    2)在堆肥槽内铺设一层调理剂；
    3)将活化好的EM菌种均匀喷洒在上述铺好的调理剂上，得到喷洒有EM菌种的调理剂；
    4)将厨余垃圾倾倒在上述喷洒有EM菌种的调理剂上，用铲车混合均匀，得到混合物料一；
    5)再将调理剂倾倒在上述混合物料一上，并均匀喷洒EM菌种，得到混合物料二；
    6)再将厨余垃圾倾倒在上述混合物料二上，用铲车混合均匀，得到混合物料三；
    7)将上述混合物料三建堆，建堆的堆体高度为1.3米-3.5米；
    8)将建堆的物料堆满堆肥槽的整条槽后，铺盖抑臭透汽膜；
    9)采用间歇鼓风一次发酵，间歇鼓风一次发酵14天-21天后，得到发酵残余物；
    10)将发酵残余物转移至堆肥槽的另一条槽，重复步骤7)和步骤8)，开始间歇鼓风二次发酵，间歇鼓风二次发酵5天-10天即得腐熟的堆肥。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的厨余垃圾快速发酵方法，其特征在于，步骤2)中，所述调理剂的厚度为4cm-40cm。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的厨余垃圾快速发酵方法，其特征在于，所述调理剂是将选自园林垃圾、树枝、秸秆、茶叶梗、甘蔗梗中的一种或几种粉碎至0.5cm-20cm得到的。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的厨余垃圾快速发酵方法，其特征在于，步骤3)中，所述EM菌种选自乳杆菌种、芽孢杆菌种、假单胞杆菌种、固氮菌种、微杆菌种、木霉菌种、曲霉菌种、白腐真菌种、裂殖酵母菌种、链霉菌种、高温放线菌种中一种或几种。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的厨余垃圾快速发酵方法，其特征在于，步骤3)和5) 中，所述EM菌种与调理剂的重量比为1:1000-1:100000。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的厨余垃圾快速发酵方法，其特征在于，步骤4)中，所述厨余垃圾与上述喷洒有EM菌种的调理剂的体积比为1:10-10:1，混合物料一的碳氮比为10:1-40:1。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的厨余垃圾快速发酵方法，其特征在于，步骤6)中，所述厨余垃圾与上述混合物料二的体积比为1:10-10:1。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的厨余垃圾快速发酵方法，其特征在于，步骤7)和步骤10)中，建堆的堆体的水分含量为40wt％-70wt％。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的厨余垃圾快速发酵方法，其特征在于，步骤9)中，所述间歇鼓风一次发酵的发酵温度为55℃-80℃，鼓风量为33m3/min-37m3/min；一个鼓风周期内鼓风时间为30秒-3分钟以及停歇时间为10分钟-30分钟。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的厨余垃圾快速发酵方法，其特征在于，步骤10)中，所述间歇鼓风二次发酵的发酵温度为55℃-80℃，鼓风量为33m3/min-37m3/min；一个鼓风周期内鼓风时间为30秒-3分钟以及停歇时间为10分钟-30分钟。
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