WO2017209544A1 - 패턴 구조물 검사 장치 및 검사 방법 - Google Patents
패턴 구조물 검사 장치 및 검사 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017209544A1 WO2017209544A1 PCT/KR2017/005747 KR2017005747W WO2017209544A1 WO 2017209544 A1 WO2017209544 A1 WO 2017209544A1 KR 2017005747 W KR2017005747 W KR 2017005747W WO 2017209544 A1 WO2017209544 A1 WO 2017209544A1
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- speckle
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- VVKRYMZRTWFBMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1(C)C(CO)CCCC1 Chemical compound CC1(C)C(CO)CCCC1 VVKRYMZRTWFBMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
- G01N21/9501—Semiconductor wafers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B9/00—Measuring instruments characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B9/02—Interferometers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N21/4788—Diffraction
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
- G01N21/9501—Semiconductor wafers
- G01N21/9505—Wafer internal defects, e.g. microcracks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
- G01N21/956—Inspecting patterns on the surface of objects
- G01N21/95607—Inspecting patterns on the surface of objects using a comparative method
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
- G01N21/956—Inspecting patterns on the surface of objects
- G01N21/95684—Patterns showing highly reflecting parts, e.g. metallic elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
- G02B26/10—Scanning systems
- G02B26/12—Scanning systems using multifaceted mirrors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/48—Laser speckle optics
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N21/4788—Diffraction
- G01N2021/479—Speckle
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
- G01N21/956—Inspecting patterns on the surface of objects
- G01N21/95607—Inspecting patterns on the surface of objects using a comparative method
- G01N2021/95615—Inspecting patterns on the surface of objects using a comparative method with stored comparision signal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
- G01N2201/06—Illumination; Optics
- G01N2201/066—Modifiable path; multiple paths in one sample
- G01N2201/0668—Multiple paths; optimisable path length
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus and an inspection method for inspecting an abnormality in pattern formation of a structure having a pattern in two or three dimensions (hereinafter referred to as a 'pattern structure') using a chaotic wave sensor.
- a technology for manufacturing a pattern region in which a structure having a predetermined pattern is formed on a substrate is widely used in the industry.
- a technique of forming a fine pattern by selectively removing a metal or an insulator coated with a predetermined thickness on a substrate is typical.
- the material constituting the pattern is an optically opaque material, for example, a metal
- the region existing below is covered by the metal pattern of the uppermost layer to optically observe the abnormality of the other pattern existing at the bottom. It is practically impossible.
- semiconductor devices such as memory devices and logic devices are generally manufactured by sequentially stacking layers having a predetermined pattern on a silicon wafer.
- FIG. 15 illustrates a cross-sectional structure of an exemplary MOSFET device.
- active regions 801 and 802 doped with a dopant are formed on a surface of a silicon wafer substrate, and a gate 803 of a MOS transistor is formed on the active region.
- Various levels of metallization layers 805 and 806 are formed on the gate 803 in the state where the insulating layer 804 is interposed.
- a passivation layer 808 is formed to protect the fabricated structures from the external environment. As described above, it is common to have a structure in which semiconductor devices are sequentially stacked from an active region to a final passivation layer.
- FIG. 8 illustrates a multi-layer metalization structure stacked by way of example.
- reference numeral 601 denotes a lower first metal wire
- reference numeral 602 denotes an upper second metal wire
- the first and second metal wires 601 stacked vertically in a direction perpendicular to each other.
- An insulating layer 604 is formed between the 602.
- the first metal wire 601 and the second metal wire 602 are electrically connected to each other by a metal 603 embedded in a via formed through the insulating layer 604. It is conducting.
- voids 610 may be formed in the middle of the via without filling the via as shown in FIG. 8B.
- an abnormal pattern in which the via does not normally penetrate the insulating layer 604 may be formed in the insulating layer 604 (620).
- the above-described problem may be a problem that is common to many other devices manufactured by sequentially stacking a plurality of pattern layers in addition to the semiconductor device.
- the present invention is to solve the various problems including the above problems, the inspection that can inspect the abnormalities of the pattern form formed on the top of the pattern region laminated in a multi-layer structure on the substrate non-destructively To provide equipment and inspection methods.
- these problems are exemplary, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
- the step of irradiating the wave with a sample including a pattern region in which a structure having a predetermined pattern on the substrate from the wave source; Collecting information on speckles formed by multiple scattering in the pattern region by using an information collector; And comparing the collected information with reference information to analyze whether or not there is an abnormality in the form of the structure formed in the pattern area.
- the collecting of the information may be performed between the sample and the information collecting unit or in an area inside the information collecting unit.
- the collecting of the information may include a first surface including a first point spaced a first distance from a surface of the sample, and a second surface farther from the surface of the sample; It may be made in the area between the second face including the second point spaced apart.
- the method may further include generating a 3D speckle image using a plurality of speckles detected from the plurality of information collection units. .
- the collecting of the information may further include amplifying the number of multi-scattering in the sample by reflecting at least a portion of the wave multi-scattered from the sample to the sample. have.
- the wave irradiated from the wave source may include a laser.
- the sample may have a structure in which a plurality of patterns are sequentially stacked on a substrate in a direction perpendicular to the substrate.
- the structure of the sample may include a pattern region made of a metal and a pattern region made of an insulator.
- a method for inspecting a pattern structure is formed so that a plurality of pattern regions having the same shape on the substrate is periodically repeated at a predetermined distance, the inspection method for any of the plurality of pattern regions from the wave source
- the pattern structure inspection method may be provided.
- the wave source for irradiating the wave with a sample including a pattern region in which a structure having a predetermined pattern is formed on the substrate;
- An information collector configured to detect speckles generated by the scattered waves of the irradiated waves by the sample;
- a pattern structure inspection apparatus including an information analysis unit for receiving and analyzing the speckle information collected from the information collecting unit, and outputs it to the display.
- the information collecting unit may detect the laser speckle between the sample and the information collecting unit or in a region inside the information collecting unit.
- the information collecting unit may detect the speckle in a first area spaced a predetermined distance from the surface of the sample.
- the first area is a first surface including a first point spaced a first distance from the surface of the sample and a second distance spaced apart from the surface of the sample a second distance It may be arranged between the second side including the two points.
- the first area is a first surface including a first point spaced a first distance from the surface of the sample and a second distance spaced apart from the surface of the sample a second distance It may be arranged between the second side including the two points.
- the controller when including the two or more collectors, three-dimensional image generation unit for generating a three-dimensional speckle image using the plurality of speckles detected from the plurality of information collectors;
- the controller may further detect the sample characteristic using the 3D speckle image.
- a multi-scattering amplifier for amplifying the number of multiple scattering in the sample by reflecting at least a portion of the wave is multi-scattered from the sample to the sample;
- the multi-scattering amplifier is disposed on an extension line passing through the center of the sample, the first multi-scattering amplification for reflecting at least a portion of the wave emitted by the multi-scattered from the sample to the sample part; And a second multiscattering amplifier disposed to face the first multiscattering amplifier based on the sample and reflecting at least a portion of the wave emitted by the multiscattering from the sample to the sample.
- the sample holder for receiving a sample and the reference sample holder for receiving a reference sample;
- a wave source for irradiating the wave with the sample and the reference sample;
- An information collection unit for detecting speckles generated by multiple scattering of the irradiated waves by the sample and the reference sample;
- an information analyzer configured to receive speckle information collected from the information collector and analyze the speckle information, and output the same to a display, wherein the sample and the reference sample include a pattern region in which a structure having a predetermined pattern is formed on a substrate. Structure inspection apparatus may be provided.
- the information collecting unit may detect the laser speckle between the sample and the information collecting unit or in a region inside the information collecting unit.
- the pattern structure inspection apparatus may include: a multiple beam reflector for dividing a wave incident from the wave source and providing a plurality of wave paths; And a beam splitter disposed on the wave paths provided from the multi-beam reflector and configured to change the paths of the wave reflected from the sample and the reference sample and to provide the information to the information collecting unit. .
- the present invention made as described above, it is possible to inspect the pattern abnormality of the structure sequentially stacked on the substrate in a non-destructively fast time. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the pattern abnormality in the uppermost part of the pattern structure as well as the abnormality of the pattern form formed in the lower part thereof can be inspected quickly.
- the scope of the present invention is not limited by these effects.
- FIG. 1A and 1B are diagrams for explaining the principle of a chaotic wave sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram schematically illustrating an apparatus for inspecting a pattern structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a method of detecting a laser speckle in the information collecting unit of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 4A to 4C are conceptual views schematically showing an embodiment of the pattern structure inspecting apparatus of FIG. 1.
- 5A and 5B are conceptual views schematically illustrating an apparatus for inspecting a pattern structure according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG 6 and 7 are conceptual views schematically showing the pattern structure inspection apparatus according to the second and third embodiments of the present invention.
- 8A through 8C are cross-sectional views of a semiconductor device having a metal wiring structure stacked in multiple layers.
- 9A and 9B are plan views illustrating metal wiring structures of a semiconductor device.
- FIGS. 11A and 11B show the computer simulation results of the laser speckle.
- FIGS. 13A and 13B show a transfer simulation result of a laser speckle.
- FIG. 14 exemplarily illustrates a silicon wafer in which a plurality of pattern regions are periodically formed.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a typical MOSFET semiconductor device.
- wave a part of waves scattered in a complicated path through multiple scattering passes through an inspection target surface. Waves passing through various points on the surface to be examined will cause constructive or destructive interference with each other, and the constructive / destructive interference of these waves will result in a speckle that is a grain pattern. do.
- chaos waves can be detected by laser speckle.
- a stable medium having no movement of the internal constituent material is irradiated with interference light (for example, a laser)
- interference light for example, a laser
- a stable speckle pattern without change can be observed.
- a configuration for measuring such speckle patterns is defined as a chaotic wave sensor.
- a chaotic wave sensor for inputting a predetermined wavelength from a wave source into a pattern structure (a structure in which a pattern region is formed in at least a partial region on a substrate) and analyzing a speckle generated from the sample is provided.
- the chaotic wave sensor may be referred to as a pattern structure inspection device in that it is a device for inspecting the presence or absence of abnormalities in some areas of the pattern structure.
- FIG. 1B exemplarily shows the formation of a speckle pattern in the case where a semiconductor device 600 having a multilayer metal wiring structure is used as a sample.
- a semiconductor device constitutes a pattern structure made of a plurality of materials having different characteristics from each other in optical characteristics, for example, refractive index and light transmittance.
- the electrical conductors 601, 602, and 603 are opaque because they do not transmit visible light, but the electrical insulators 604 and 605 made of silicon oxide or silicon nitride have high transmittance in the visible light region.
- the first insulating layer 604 is formed between the first metal wiring 601 and the second metal wiring 602, and the second insulating layer 605 is formed on the second metal wiring 602.
- the insulating layers 604 and 605 may be representatively silicon oxide (SiO 2), but other insulating materials having transparency through which light is transmitted may be used. For example, aluminum, tungsten, copper, or the like may be used as the material of the metal wires 601 and 602.
- portions d spaced apart from each other are formed during patterning of the uppermost second metal wiring 602, and the spaced portions are filled with an insulator 605 for insulation.
- the laser irradiated onto the surface of the sample is introduced into the lower portion of the second metal wiring 602 through the spaced area d of the second metal wiring 602, and then multi-scattering occurs.
- the laser is reflected from the surface of the buried metal 603 or the lower second metal wiring 601 connected thereto, and then scattered toward the second metal wiring 602 to exit the sample.
- speckle is formed by the constructive / destructive interference of the waves. Therefore, the pattern of the laser speckle can be determined according to the shape of the structure constituting the sample (metal wiring, via, insulation layer, etc.), and the pattern of the laser speckle changes in conjunction with the change of the structure.
- any kind of source apparatus capable of generating waves may be applied.
- it may be a laser capable of irradiating light of a specific wavelength band.
- the present invention is not limited to the type of wave source, hereinafter, a device using a laser irradiation apparatus as a wave source (or a light source) will be described for convenience of description.
- One embodiment of the present invention may be referred to as a laser inspection device in that it uses a laser as a light source.
- the pattern structure inspection apparatus is a light source for irradiating a laser, a sample holder for supporting a sample, the government gathering collecting the laser speckle information formed by multiple scattering of light incident on the sample And an information analysis unit for analyzing the collected information and outputting the analyzed result to a user on a display.
- the information analyzer may include a controller and a display.
- the control unit analyzes the collected information and transmits the analysis result to the display unit.
- the display unit outputs the received analysis result to the outside.
- FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram schematically illustrating an apparatus 100 for inspecting a pattern structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 illustrates a method for detecting a laser speckle in the information collecting unit 130 of FIG. 1.
- Drawing. 4A to 4C are conceptual views schematically showing an embodiment of the pattern structure inspecting apparatus 100.
- the pattern structure inspecting apparatus 100 may include a light source 120 and an information collecting unit 130.
- the pattern structure inspection apparatus 100 may further include a sample holder 110, a multi-scattering amplifier 150, a controller 140 and a display 190.
- the light source 120 may irradiate the wave toward the sample S in the sample holder 110.
- a laser having good coherence can be used as a wave to form speckles in the sample holder 110.
- the shorter the spectral bandwidth of the wave that determines the coherence of the laser wave the higher the measurement accuracy. That is, the longer the coherence length, the greater the accuracy of measurement.
- the laser light having the spectral bandwidth of the wave less than the predetermined reference bandwidth may be used as the light source 120, and the shorter than the reference bandwidth may increase the measurement accuracy.
- the spectral bandwidth of the laser wave may be set to be 1 nm or less.
- the information collecting unit 130 may include a sensing means corresponding to the type of the light source 120.
- a sensing means corresponding to the type of the light source 120.
- a camera or an image sensor which is a photographing device for photographing an image, is used. Can be.
- the camera is preferably a camera capable of measuring two-dimensional information, but a camera that measures one-dimensional information may also be used.
- the camera may be inclined at an angle to face the surface where light is incident on the sample to measure the laser speckle signal from the sample S.
- the information collector 130 may detect a laser speckle including an image sensor and one or more lenses having a predetermined focal length.
- the focal length may be shorter than the distance between the sample S and the information collecting unit 130, but is not limited thereto.
- the information collecting unit 130 may be an image sensor that does not include a lens.
- the information collecting unit 130 may detect a laser speckle generated by multiple scattering of waves irradiated with the sample S by the sample S. Referring to FIG. In other words, the information collector 130 may detect the laser speckle caused from the sample S.
- the information collecting unit 130 may detect the laser speckle on the surface F of the sample S, but in one region A1 on the path along which the wave multi-scattered by the sample S travels.
- the laser speckle can be detected at every preset time point.
- the first region A1 may be a region spaced apart from the surface F of the sample S by a predetermined distance.
- the first area A1 includes a first surface B1 and a sample S including a first point x1 spaced apart from the surface F of the sample S by a first distance d1. It may be an area disposed between the second surface (B2) including a second point (x2) spaced apart from the first distance (d1) of the second distance (d2) from the surface (F) of. That is, the laser speckle may be detected in the first area A1 between the information collecting unit 130 and the sample.
- the laser speckle may be detected inside the information collector 130, for example, when the information collector 130 is a CCD sensor.
- the information collector 130 may detect the laser speckle using the image sensor.
- the laser speckle may be detected by reducing the focal length than in the case of observing the laser speckle on the surface of the sample S. FIG.
- the image sensor when used as the information collecting unit 130, the image sensor may be disposed such that the size d of one pixel of the image sensor is smaller than or equal to the grain size of the speckle pattern.
- the pattern structure inspection apparatus 100 may further include a multi-scattering amplifier 150.
- the multi-scattering amplifier 150 may amplify the number of multi-scattering in the sample S by reflecting at least a portion of the wave multi-scattered from the sample S to the sample S.
- the multi-scattering amplifier 150 may include multiple scattering material.
- the multi-scattering material includes particles having a diameter of less than a micrometer having a large refractive index, for example, titanium oxide (TiO 2) nanoparticles, and the multi-scattering amplifier 150 includes the multi-scattering amplifier 150. Reflect at least a portion of the incident wave.
- the multi-scattering amplifier 150 is disposed adjacent to the sample S, and the wave multiplied from the sample S exits the space between the sample S and the multi-scattering amplifier 150 at least once. You can make a round trip.
- Pattern structure inspection apparatus 100 by amplifying the number of times the multi-scattering wave in the sample (S) through the multi-scattering amplification unit 150, the abnormal region of the fine size included in the sample Can improve the detection sensitivity.
- the multi-scattering amplifier 150 may reflect a portion of the incident wave and transmit the remaining wave. Alternatively, the multi-scattering amplifier 150 may transmit a portion of the incident wave and reflect the remaining wave. Alternatively, the multi-scattering amplifier 150 may reflect all of the incident waves.
- the multi-scattering amplifier 150 may be selected from at least one of the above configurations so as to correspond to the optical system structure of the light source 120 and the information collecting unit 130.
- the pattern structure inspecting apparatus 100-1 may include a reflective optical system including a light source 120 and an information collecting unit 130.
- the wave L1 incident on the sample S may have a multi-scattering phenomenon due to the optical nonuniformity of the sample S, and thus some waves may be reflected.
- the information collecting unit 130 photographs a laser speckle signal generated as the wave is reflected from the sample S due to the optical non-uniformity of the sample S, and the laser is caused by the sample S. Speckle can be measured.
- the pattern structure inspection apparatus 100-1 may include a first multi-scattering amplifier 151 and a second multi-scattering amplifier 153.
- the first multi-scattering amplifier 151 is disposed on the extension line C passing through the center of the sample S, and reflects at least a portion of the wave multi-scattered from the sample S to the sample S. have.
- the second multi-scattering amplifier 153 is disposed to face the first multi-scattering amplifier 151 on the basis of the sample S, and samples at least a portion of the wave that is multi-scattered from the sample S and outputs. ) Can be reflected.
- the first multi-scattering amplifier 151 may be made of a transflective type that transmits a portion of the wave and reflects the portion.
- the second multi-scattering amplifier 153 may have a reflection type that reflects all of the incident waves. Through this, it is possible to significantly amplify the number of times the wave is multi-scattered in the sample (S).
- the wavelength of the light source 120 and the intensity of the wave may be used without limitation, and the type of the information collecting unit 130 may be a camera capable of measuring two-dimensional information, but measuring one-dimensional information. A camera can also be used.
- the positions of the light source 120 and the sample S are not limited, and the information collecting unit 130 measuring the reflected laser speckle signal has a measured speckle size of the information collecting unit 130. It may be positioned to correspond to at least two to three pixels of the pixels of. For example, the information collecting unit 130 may be inclined at a predetermined angle with a surface on which light is incident on the sample S in order to measure a laser speckle signal due to reflection of a wave by the sample S.
- the pattern structure inspecting apparatus 100-2 may be configured to have a transmission type optical system including a light source 120 and an information collecting unit 130.
- the wave incident on the sample S may have a multi-scattering phenomenon due to the optical non-uniformity of the sample S, so that some waves may be transmitted through the sample S.
- the information collecting unit 130 may measure the laser speckle caused by transmitting the sample S by photographing the laser speckle signal generated as the wave is transmitted through the sample (S).
- the first multiscattering amplifier 151 and the second multiscattering amplifier 153 transmit a part of the wave and reflect a part thereof. It may be made of a transmissive type.
- an optical system including the light source 120 and the information collecting unit 130 may have a spectroscopic type.
- the wave L1 incident on the sample S has a multi-scattering phenomenon due to the optical non-uniform characteristic of the sample S, and thus some waves are reflected, and some waves are generated by using a beam splitter 181.
- the path of may be changed to the information collecting unit 130.
- an optical unit such as a phase delay plate or a polarizing plate may be further included.
- the information collecting unit 130 may be located between the light source 120 and the sample S, and may change the path of the wave reflected by the sample S and emitted.
- the information collector 130 may measure the laser speckle generated as the reflection and the path are changed by the sample S.
- the first multi-scattering amplifier 151 may be made of a semi-transmissive type to transmit a portion of the wave, reflecting the portion.
- the second multi-scattering amplifier 153 may have a reflection type that reflects all of the incident waves.
- the pattern structure inspecting apparatus 100 may further include a controller 140 and a display 190.
- the controller 140 analyzes the speckle information collected by the information collector 130 and transmits the analysis result to the display 190. For example, the controller 140 may analyze the shape of the laser speckle to determine whether the pattern shape in the sample pattern structure is the same as the preset design.
- the display 190 may display the information analyzed by the controller 140 to the outside for the user to check.
- 5A and 5B are conceptual views schematically illustrating a pattern structure inspecting apparatus 100-4 according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- 5A and 5B illustrate the relationship between the optical unit 135 and the information collecting unit 130 for convenience of description.
- the pattern structure inspecting apparatus 100-4 may modulate the first wave signal scattered from the sample into a second optical signal before the wave of the light source 120 is scattered by the sample.
- the optical unit 135 may further include.
- the optical unit 135 may include a spatial light modulator (SLM) 1351 and an information collecting unit 130.
- SLM spatial light modulator
- the optical unit 135 may control the wavefront of the scattered wave, restore the wave before being scattered, and provide the wave to the information collecting unit 130.
- waves (light) scattered from a sample may be incident.
- the spatial light modulator 1351 may control the wavefront of the wave scattered in the sample to provide the lens 1352.
- the lens 1352 may collect the controlled light and provide it to the information collecting unit 130 again.
- the information collecting unit 130 may detect and output a wave collected from the lens by restoring the wave output from the first wave source to be scattered.
- the pattern structure inspection apparatus 200-1 may include two or more information collecting units 230A, 230B, 230C, and 230D.
- the pattern structure inspection apparatus 200-1 is a three-dimensional image generating unit for generating a three-dimensional speckle image using a plurality of laser speckle detected from the plurality of information collecting units 230A, 230B, 230C, 230D 245 may be further included.
- the number of theoretically necessary information collecting units 230 for generating a 3D image is two units, but in the case of two units, since the relative images are grasped, at least three information collecting units 230 are generated in order to generate an absolute 3D image. ) May be included. In the drawings, four information collecting units 230A, 230B, 230C, and 230D are illustrated for improving accuracy.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically showing an embodiment of the pattern structure inspection apparatus 200-2 according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the pattern structure inspecting apparatus 200-2 includes a sample holder 210, a reference sample holder 215, a light source 220, an information collecting unit 230, and a controller 240. ), A beam splitter 281 and a multiple beam reflector 283. Since the present embodiment further includes a reference sample holder 215 and the same components as those of the above-described embodiments except that the wave path is different, the overlapping description will be omitted.
- the reference sample holder 215 is disposed adjacent to the sample holder 210 and can receive the reference sample.
- the reference sample may be a standard semiconductor device confirmed to be normally manufactured, and the sample may be a semiconductor device to confirm whether the process proceeds normally.
- the light source 220 may irradiate a laser toward a sample in the sample holder 210 and a reference sample in the reference sample holder 215.
- the multiple beam reflector 283 and the beam splitter 281 may be located between the light source 220, the sample holder 210, and the reference sample holder 215.
- it may further include a mirror 285 for changing the wave path provided from the light source 220.
- the multi-beam reflector 283 may divide the wave incident from the light source 220 and provide it as a plurality of wave paths.
- the multiple beam reflector 283 may reflect waves at the front and rear surfaces, respectively, to provide parallel and divided first waves L2 and second waves L3.
- the beam splitter 281 may be disposed on a plurality of wave paths provided from the multiple beam reflector 283, and may provide the first wave L2 and the second wave L3 as a sample and a reference sample, respectively. Subsequently, the paths of the waves reflected from the sample and the reference sample may be changed and provided to the information collecting unit 230.
- the information collector 230 may detect the first laser speckle and the reference laser speckle generated by multiple scattering of the irradiated wave from each of the sample and the reference sample.
- the information collecting unit 230 includes a first information collecting unit 231 disposed corresponding to the path of the first wave reflected from the sample and a second information collecting unit disposed corresponding to the path of the second wave reflected from the reference sample. 233 may include.
- the controller 240 compares the detected first and second laser speckle information with each other to determine whether a difference between the first and second laser speckle information is equal to or less than a preset reference value. If the difference between the first and second laser speckle information is less than or equal to the reference value, it may be determined that the pattern structure of the sample semiconductor device proceeds normally like the standard semiconductor device. In the opposite case, the pattern structure of the semiconductor device, which is a sample, may be determined to be out of normal, and thus it may be estimated that a problem occurs during the manufacturing process.
- FIG. 8 illustrates a multilayer metallization structure of a semiconductor device as an example of a sample.
- a speckle pattern analysis method using the change of the sample structure will be described with reference to FIG. 8.
- FIG. 8A illustrates a normal process
- FIG. 8B illustrates a cavity 110 formed in a via portion
- FIG. 8C illustrates that no contact penetrating through the insulating layer 604 is formed.
- the information analyzing unit includes a control unit and a display unit.
- the controller constituting the information analyzer is connected to a standard sample, that is, a DB in which laser speckle information is stored as in FIG. 8A.
- the controller derives a difference value of the speckle pattern by comparing the collected laser speckle information with the laser speckle information of the standard sample stored in the DB. If the difference is less than a predetermined criterion, the analysis sample is interpreted to have the same structure as the standard sample, and thus the process may be determined to have proceeded normally.
- the determination result of the controller is transmitted to the display unit for output by the user.
- FIG. 9 is another example of confirming the change in the line width of the metal wiring by laser speckle analysis.
- the difference from the standard sample will be remarkable, and it can be determined from this that the process has been abnormally performed.
- the laser speckle result was simulated for the pattern structure having the shapes of FIGS. 9A and 9B.
- Figure 10 shows a design used for computer simulation.
- 10C shows a cross-sectional structure of a semiconductor device designed for simulation.
- the substrate 1100 is a silicon single crystal, and a metal wiring 1110 made of aluminum is formed on the substrate 1100 at a predetermined distance. After the metal wiring 1110 was formed, the silicon oxide film 1120 coated the metal wiring 1110.
- the grid spacing was 100 nm, and the wavelength of the laser irradiated from the light source was 532 nm.
- FIG. 10A illustrates a case where a metal wiring is normally formed
- FIG. 10B illustrates a case where a short circuit is formed in a part of the metal wiring.
- FIG. 11 shows the results of computer simulation.
- FIG. 11A is a laser speckle result of the structure shown in FIG. 10A
- FIG. 11B is a laser speckle result of the structure shown in FIG. 10B.
- FIGS. 11A and 11B when the formation of the metal wiring proceeds abnormally (FIG. 11B), it can be seen that the laser speckle results are remarkably different from those when the metal wiring is normally progressed (FIG. 11A). By comparing the results of FIGS. 11A and 11B with each other, it is possible to determine whether there is a process abnormality in the metallization manufacturing step.
- Figure 12 shows a design used for another computer simulation.
- 12C illustrates a cross-sectional structure of a semiconductor device designed for simulation.
- the substrate 2100 is a silicon single crystal, and a first metal wiring 2110 made of aluminum is formed on the substrate 2100 at a predetermined distance.
- the first insulator layer 2120 is formed of a silicon oxide layer on the first metal wire 2110.
- the second insulator layer 2140 is also formed on the top of the first insulator layer 2120 with a silicon oxide film. Formed.
- the metal wires 2110 and 2130 were all made of aluminum.
- both the first and second metal wires 2110 and 2130 are normally formed, but in FIG. 12B, a short circuit exists in a part of the lower first metal wire 2110. .
- the metal wiring 2130 is normally patterned, the short circuit portion of the first metal wiring 2110 is blocked by the second metal wiring 2130 and is not observed when viewed in a plan view. 12A to 12C, the grid spacing was 100 nm, and the wavelength of the laser irradiated from the light source was 532 nm.
- FIG. 13 shows the results of computer simulation.
- FIG. 13A is a laser speckle result of the structure shown in FIG. 12A
- FIG. 13B is a laser speckle result of the structure shown in FIG. 12B.
- FIGS. 13A and 13B when the formation of the metal wiring proceeds abnormally (FIG. 13B), it can be seen that the laser speckle results are remarkably different from those when the metal wiring is normally progressed (FIG. 13A).
- FIGS. 13A and 13B By comparing the results of FIGS. 13A and 13B with each other, it is possible to determine whether there is a process abnormality in the metallization manufacturing step.
- the abnormality of the active region formed by ion implantation into the silicon substrate can be inspected in the same manner.
- a function of determining whether or not each pattern region is abnormal can be performed in a device in which a plurality of pattern regions having the same shape are periodically repeated at a predetermined distance on a substrate.
- a function of determining whether or not each pattern region is abnormal can be performed in a device in which a plurality of pattern regions having the same shape are periodically repeated at a predetermined distance on a substrate.
- a plurality of pattern regions formed on the silicon wafer may be sequentially inspected to determine whether each pattern region formed in the silicon wafer has a pattern shape.
- the pattern region is divided by sawing when the process is finally completed and divided into a final device.
- a plurality of pattern regions for example, starting from the left uppermost pattern region as shown by the arrow in FIG. Collect the relevant laser speckle information and save it on the DB.
- the government analysis unit analyzes the laser speckle information of each pattern area stored in the DB and sets the criteria for determining the abnormality of the pattern.
- the intensity or shape of the laser speckle pattern may be a characteristic for setting the reference. After setting the characteristics that are the targets of these criteria, statistical analysis such as mean value and standard deviation in the entire pattern area is performed. The reference target characteristic derived from the performance is set based on the mean value and standard deviation.
- a pattern region in which the collected laser speckle information is significantly out of the average value may be interpreted as having a different structure from other pattern regions, and may be regarded as an abnormally progressed process. Therefore, by outputting the information on the abnormally advanced pattern region, it is possible to obtain information on the abnormal pattern region without the user locally cut and irradiated the silicon wafer.
- a pattern abnormality of a structure sequentially stacked on a substrate in a non-destructively fast time.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (19)
- 파동원으로부터 기판 상에 일정한 패턴을 가지는 구조물이 형성된 패턴영역을 포함하는 샘플로 파동을 조사하는 단계;정보수집부를 이용하여 상기 패턴영역에서의 다중 산란에 의해 형성된 스펙클(speckle)에 대한 정보를 수집하는 단계; 및상기 수집된 정보를 기준 정보와 비교하여 상기 패턴영역에 형성된 구조물 형태의 이상 여부를 분석하는 단계;를 포함하는,패턴 구조물 검사 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 정보를 수집하는 단계는,상기 샘플과 상기 정보수집부의 사이 또는 상기 정보수집부 내부의 일 영역에서 수행되는,패턴 구조물 검사 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 정보를 수집하는 단계는,상기 샘플의 표면으로부터 제 1 거리 이격된 제 1 지점을 포함하는 제 1 면과, 상기 샘플의 표면으로부터 상기 제 1 거리보다 먼 제 2 거리 이격된 제 2 지점을 포함하는 제 2 면 사이의 영역에서 이루어지는,패턴 구조물 검사 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 정보수집부를 2개 이상 포함하는 경우, 상기 복수의 정보수집부들로부터 검출된 복수의 스펙클을 이용하여 3차원 스펙클 이미지를 생성하는 단계를 더 포함하는,패턴 구조물 검사 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 정보를 수집하는 단계는,상기 샘플로부터 다중산란되어 출사되는 파동의 적어도 일부를 상기 샘플로 반사시켜 상기 샘플에서의 다중산란의 횟수를 증폭시키는 단계를 더 포함하는,패턴 구조물 검사 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 파동원에서 조사되는 파동은 레이저를 포함하는,패턴 구조물 검사 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 샘플은 기판 상에 복수의 패턴이 상기 기판에 수직한 방향으로 순차적으로 적층된 구조를 가지는,패턴 구조물 검사 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 샘플의 구조물은 금속으로 이루어진 패턴 영역 및 절연체로 이루어진 패턴 영역을 포함하는,패턴 구조물 검사 방법.
- 기판 상에 동일한 형태를 가지는 복수의 패턴영역이 일정한 이격 거리를 두고 주기적으로 반복되도록 형성되는 패턴 구조물에 대한 검사 방법으로서,파동원으로부터 상기 복수의 패턴영역 중 임의의 하나인 제 1 패턴영역을 선택하여 상기 제 1 패턴영역에 파동을 조사하고, 상기 제 1 패턴영역에서의 다중 산란에 의해 형성된 스펙클(speckle)에 대한 정보를 수집하여 DB에 저장하는 제 1 단계;상기 제 1 단계와 동일한 단계를 상기 제 1 패턴영역으로터 이격된 적어도 하나의 다른 패턴영역에 반복적으로 수행하여 상기 다른 패턴영역에서의 스펙클 정보를 DB에 저장하는 제 2 단계;상기 제 1 단계 및 제 2 단계에서 수집된 스펙클 정보를 분석하여 상기 패턴영역의 이상 유무를 판단하는 기준을 설정하는 단계; 및상기 DB에 저장된 상기 패턴영역의 스펙클 정보를 상기 기준과 비교하고 판단하는 단계:를 포함하는,패턴 구조물 검사 방법.
- 기판 상에 일정한 패턴을 가지는 구조물이 형성된 패턴영역을 포함하는 샘플로 파동을 조사하는 파동원;상기 조사된 파동이 상기 샘플에 의해 다중 산란(multiple scattering)되어 발생된 스펙클(speckle)을 검출하는 정보수집부; 및상기 정보수집부로부터 수집된 스펙클 정보를 전송받아 분석하고, 이를 디스플레이로 출력하는 정보분석부를 포함하고,상기 정보수집부는,상기 샘플과 상기 정보수집부 사이 또는 상기 정보수집부 내부의 일영역에서 상기 레이저 스펙클을 검출하는,패턴 구조물 검사 장치.
- 제 10 항에 있어서,상기 정보수집부는 상기 샘플의 표면으로부터 일정 거리 이격된 제1 영역에서 상기 스펙클을 검출하는,패턴 구조물 검사 장치.
- 제 11 항에 있어서, 상기 제 1 영역은 상기 샘플의 표면으로부터 제 1 거리 이격된 제1 지점을 포함하는 제 1 면과 상기 샘플의 표면으로부터 상기 제 1 거리보다 먼 제 2 거리 이격된 제2 지점을 포함하는 제 2 면 사이에 배치되는,패턴 구조물 검사 장치.
- 제 11 항에 있어서,상기 제 1 영역은 상기 샘플의 표면으로부터 제 1 거리 이격된 제1 지점을 포함하는 제 1 면과 상기 샘플의 표면으로부터 상기 제 1 거리보다 먼 제 2 거리 이격된 제2 지점을 포함하는 제 2 면 사이에 배치되는,패턴 구조물 검사 장치.
- 제 10 항에 있어서,상기 정부수집부를 둘 이상 포함하는 경우, 상기 복수의 정보수집부들로부터 검출된 복수의 상기 스펙클들을 이용하여 3차원 스펙클 이미지를 생성하는 3차원 이미지 생성부;를 더 포함하고, 상기 제어부는 상기 3차원 스펙클 이미지를 이용하여 상기 샘플 특성을 탐지하는패턴 구조물 검사 장치.
- 제 10 항에 있어서,상기 샘플로부터 다중산란되어 출사되는 상기 파동의 적어도 일부를 상기 샘플로 반사시켜 상기 샘플에서의 다중 산란 횟수를 증폭시키는 다중산란증폭부;를 더 포함하는패턴 구조물 검사 장치.
- 제 15 항에 있어서,상기 다중산란증폭부는, 상기 샘플의 중심을 지나는 연장선 상에 배치되며, 상기 샘플로부터 다중산란되어 출사되는 상기 파동의 적어도 일부를 상기 샘플로 반사시키는 제1 다중산란증폭부; 및상기 샘플을 기준으로 상기 제1 다중산란증폭부와 대향되게 배치되며, 상기 샘플로부터 다중산란되어 출사되는 상기 파동의 적어도 일부를 상기 샘플로 반사시키는 제2 다중산란증폭부;를 포함하는패턴 구조물 검사 장치.
- 샘플을 수용하는 샘플 홀더 및 기준 샘플을 수용하는 기준 샘플 홀더;상기 샘플 및 기준 샘플로 파동을 조사하는 파동원;상기 조사된 파동이 상기 샘플 및 기준 샘플에 의해 다중 산란(multiple scattering)되어 발생된 스펙클(speckle)을 검출하는 정보수집부; 및상기 정보수집부로부터 수집된 스펙클 정보를 전송받아 분석하고, 이를 디스플레이로 출력하는 정보분석부를 포함하고,상기 샘플 및 기준 샘플은 기판 상에 일정한 패턴을 가지는 구조물이 형성된 패턴영역을 포함하는패턴 구조물 검사 장치.
- 제 17 항에 있어서,상기 정보수집부는,상기 샘플과 상기 정보수집부 사이 또는 상기 정보수집부 내부의 일영역에서 상기 레이저 스펙클을 검출하는,패넌 구조물 검사 장치.
- 제 17 항에 있어서,상기 파동원으로부터 입사된 파동을 분할시켜 복수의 파동 경로로 제공하는 다중 빔 리플렉터; 및상기 다중 빔 리플렉터로부터 제공되는 상기 파동 경로들 상에 배치되고, 상기 샘플 및 상기 기준 샘플에서 반사되어 출사되는 상기 파동의 경로들을 변경하여 상기 정보수집부로 제공하는 빔 스플리터;를 더 포함하는,패턴 구조물 검사 장치.
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JP2019515755A JP6851468B2 (ja) | 2016-06-02 | 2017-06-01 | パターン構造物検査装置及び検査方法 |
CN201780034467.XA CN109313139B (zh) | 2016-06-02 | 2017-06-01 | 图案结构物的检测装置及检测方法 |
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JP2004101189A (ja) * | 2002-09-04 | 2004-04-02 | Hitachi Ltd | 欠陥検査装置及び欠陥検査方法 |
KR20110110578A (ko) * | 2010-04-01 | 2011-10-07 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 극자외선 마스크의 위상 거칠기 측정 방법 및 이에 이용되는 장치 |
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US6137570A (en) * | 1998-06-30 | 2000-10-24 | Kla-Tencor Corporation | System and method for analyzing topological features on a surface |
US8982358B2 (en) * | 2012-01-17 | 2015-03-17 | Kla-Tencor Corporation | Apparatus and method of measuring roughness and other parameters of a structure |
KR102231730B1 (ko) * | 2012-06-26 | 2021-03-24 | 케이엘에이 코포레이션 | 각도 분해형 반사율 측정에서의 스캐닝 및 광학 계측으로부터 회절의 알고리즘적 제거 |
US9194811B1 (en) * | 2013-04-01 | 2015-11-24 | Kla-Tencor Corporation | Apparatus and methods for improving defect detection sensitivity |
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JPH09133621A (ja) * | 1995-09-11 | 1997-05-20 | Kagaku Gijutsu Shinko Jigyodan | 変形対象物の非破壊的検査方法およびその装置 |
JP2003139515A (ja) * | 2001-11-02 | 2003-05-14 | Fukuoka Prefecture | スペックルを利用した変形量の絶対値計測方法 |
KR20030075968A (ko) * | 2002-03-22 | 2003-09-26 | 대우전자주식회사 | 이에스피아이장치에서 회전체 변형이나 진동을 측정하는장치 |
JP2004101189A (ja) * | 2002-09-04 | 2004-04-02 | Hitachi Ltd | 欠陥検査装置及び欠陥検査方法 |
KR20110110578A (ko) * | 2010-04-01 | 2011-10-07 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 극자외선 마스크의 위상 거칠기 측정 방법 및 이에 이용되는 장치 |
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EP3467483A4 (en) | 2019-06-05 |
EP3467483B1 (en) | 2023-09-20 |
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