WO2017201766A1 - 抗人pd-1人源化单克隆抗体及其应用 - Google Patents

抗人pd-1人源化单克隆抗体及其应用 Download PDF

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WO2017201766A1
WO2017201766A1 PCT/CN2016/084644 CN2016084644W WO2017201766A1 WO 2017201766 A1 WO2017201766 A1 WO 2017201766A1 CN 2016084644 W CN2016084644 W CN 2016084644W WO 2017201766 A1 WO2017201766 A1 WO 2017201766A1
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antibody
human
sequence
seq
nucleic acid
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French (fr)
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李戈
郭树华
张佳春
朱一翔
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瑞阳(苏州)生物科技有限公司
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Priority to EP16902755.4A priority Critical patent/EP3466974A4/en
Priority to US16/084,726 priority patent/US11059890B2/en
Priority to JP2018550776A priority patent/JP6753946B2/ja
Publication of WO2017201766A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017201766A1/zh

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    • C07K16/2803—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily
    • C07K16/2818—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily against CD28 or CD152
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    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
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    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
    • A61P37/04—Immunostimulants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/20—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin
    • C07K2317/24—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin containing regions, domains or residues from different species, e.g. chimeric, humanized or veneered
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    • C07K2317/30—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency
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    • C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
    • C07K2317/56—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments variable (Fv) region, i.e. VH and/or VL
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    • C07K2317/56—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments variable (Fv) region, i.e. VH and/or VL
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    • C07K2317/56—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments variable (Fv) region, i.e. VH and/or VL
    • C07K2317/567—Framework region [FR]
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    • C07K2317/76—Antagonist effect on antigen, e.g. neutralization or inhibition of binding
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    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/90—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by (pharmaco)kinetic aspects or by stability of the immunoglobulin
    • C07K2317/92—Affinity (KD), association rate (Ka), dissociation rate (Kd) or EC50 value
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    • C07K2317/94—Stability, e.g. half-life, pH, temperature or enzyme-resistance
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
    • C07K2319/30—Non-immunoglobulin-derived peptide or protein having an immunoglobulin constant or Fc region, or a fragment thereof, attached thereto

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of biomedicine, in particular to an anti-human PD-1 humanized monoclonal antibody and application thereof.
  • the first signal is derived from the binding of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) to the antigen peptide-MHC complex and is antigen specific; the second signal is the co-stimulatory signal, which is adhered by T cells.
  • the receptor of the molecule binds to the corresponding ligand on the antigen presenting cell (APC) and is non-specific for the antigen.
  • APC antigen presenting cell
  • the second signal plays an important role in T cell activation. If no co-stimulatory molecule provides a second signal, the T cell will be in a non-responsive state or apoptosis after recognizing the antigen.
  • CD28/CTLA-4 The binding of CD28/CTLA-4 to its ligands B7-1 and B7-2 is a synergistic stimulation pathway necessary for T cell activation, and is involved in antigen-specific humoral immunity and cellular immunity.
  • New members of the CD28-B7 family include: ICOS (inducible costimulator) and its ligands B7RP-1 and PD-1 (programmed death-1) and their ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2.
  • CD28 and ICOS deliver a costimulatory (positive) signal;
  • CTLA-4 and PD-1 deliver an inhibitory (negative) signal.
  • the balance between positive and negative signals of T cell activation plays a key role in the body's resistance to invasion by foreign antigens and prevention of autoimmune responses.
  • PD-1 is a 55KD transmembrane protein that is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily with CD28, ICOS, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4).
  • CTL cytotoxic T lymphocyte
  • IgV-like region in the extracellular region, which has 23% homology with CTLA-4, but no MYPPPY motif necessary for binding to B7-1/B7-2; there are two tyrosine residues in the cytoplasmic region.
  • ITIM immunoimmunoreceptor tryosine-based inhibitory motif
  • Members of the other CD28 family exist as disulfide-linked homodimers, while PD-1 exists as a monomeric form.
  • Limitations with CD28, CTLA-4 main To be different in T cells, PD-1 can be expressed in activated T cells, B cells and bone marrow cells, as well as CD4-CD8-thymocytes.
  • PD-1 has two ligands, PD-L1 (B7-H1) and PD-L2 (B7-DC), both of which are new members of the B7 family. There are 1 IgV-like region and 1 IgC-like sample outside the cell. Area. PD-L1 contains 290 amino acids, and its extracellular domain has 20% and 15% homology with B7-1 and B7-2, respectively. The cytoplasmic region varies, but the secondary structure is the same as B7-1 and B7-2. very similar. At the genetic level, PD-L2 shares 37.4% homology with PD-L1. The expression and regulation of PD-L1 and PD-L2 are different.
  • PD-L1 mRNA is abundant in non-lymphoid tissues (such as placenta, heart, lung, and skeletal muscle), but PD-L1 protein is almost undetectable in normal tissues except for macrophage-like cells and placental trophoblasts.
  • PD-L1 is expressed on APC, T cells and endothelial cells, and a variety of human tumors are rich in PD-L1.
  • PD-L2 is expressed only on dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes. After treatment of DCs and monocytes with IFN- ⁇ , the expression of both PD-L1 and PD-L2 was up-regulated.
  • PD-L1 and PD-L2 are regulated by Th1 and Th2 type cells, respectively.
  • IFN- ⁇ secreted by Th1 cells up-regulates PD-L1 expression via transcription factor STAT1; IFN- ⁇ requires IL-4 to induce PD-L2 expression, and STAT6 is involved in downstream IL-4 signaling. Conduction, suggesting that the expression of PD-L2 is regulated by Th2 cells.
  • PD-1 is an immunosuppressive receptor that interacts with its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 to transmit an inhibitory signal and exerts a negative regulatory role in the immune response. Binding of PD-1 to PD-L1/PD-L2 inhibits TCR-mediated lymphocyte proliferation and production of cytokines (IL-2, IFN- ⁇ , and IL-10), leading to cell cycle arrest but no increase in cells death. Blocking the expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 on DC, respectively, can lead to the proliferation of T cells and the increase of cytokines (IFN- ⁇ and IL-10), and at the same time block the effects of the two, indicating PD- The function of L1 and PD-L2 is to inhibit T cell activation.
  • cytokines IFN- ⁇ and IL-10
  • PD-1 can also be involved in the negative regulation of B cell responses.
  • the role of PD-1 signaling is to inhibit B cell proliferation, differentiation, Ig type switching, and play an important role in establishing and/or maintaining peripheral self-tolerance.
  • the molecular mechanism of PD-1 inhibition of BCR-mediated signal transduction (Molecular Mechanisms) is: PD-1 transmits important signals of BCR signal transduction through tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP-2) in its SH2 region.
  • SHP-2 tyrosine phosphatase 2
  • the transducer is dephosphorylated to inhibit tyrosine phosphorylation of effector molecules, including Ig ⁇ , Syk, PLC- ⁇ 2, and ERK1/2. This inhibition does not require the tyrosine at the N-terminus of ITIM, but requires other tyrosine residues at the C-terminus.
  • PD-1 attenuates the effects of ICOS, IL-4 and IL-21 while inhibiting TCR-mediated T cell activation, but does not affect the effects of CD28, IL-7 and IL-15.
  • PD-1 signaling is able to inhibit suboptimal levels of CD28-mediated co-stimulatory effects.
  • the PD-1-PD-L pathway may be the second Or reserved, the pathway can only play a role in regulating T cell responses when the CD28-B7 co-stimulatory pathway is absent or at sub-ideal levels. In other cases, this pathway plays a central role in T cell activation or differentiation, which may depend on the specific stage of the ongoing immune response.
  • the relative levels of inhibitory PD-L1/PD-L2 and costimulatory B7-1/B7-2 signals on APC may affect the extent of T cell activation and determine whether tolerance or autoimmunity is produced.
  • the expression of PD-L1 on non-lymphoid tissues suggests that PD-1-PD-L may induce immune tolerance and regulate local inflammatory response by inhibiting autoreactive T, B cells and effector T cells.
  • the ability of tumor cells to evade the immune system is achieved by binding of a programmed death ligand (PD-L1) produced on its surface to the PD-1 protein of T cells.
  • PD-L1 programmed death ligand
  • the tumor microenvironment in the body induces high expression of PD-1 molecules in infiltrating T cells, and tumor cells highly express PD-1 ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2, resulting in continuous activation of the PD-1 pathway in the tumor microenvironment.
  • T cell function is inhibited and the tumor cannot be found so that it cannot deliver a treatment to the immune system that requires attacking the tumor and killing the tumor cells.
  • the PD-1 antibody is an antibody protein against PD-1, which prevents the first two proteins from binding, blocks this pathway, and partially restores the function of T cells, enabling these cells to continue to kill tumor cells.
  • PMDA approved the introduction of the fully humanized IgG4 anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, Nivolumab, in Japan for the treatment of advanced melanoma, making it the first PD-1 antibody approved by major regulatory agencies.
  • the FDA approved the marketing of two PD-1 antibodies, Keytruda (pembrolizumab) from Merck and OPDIVO (nivolumab) from Bristol-Myers Squibb.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an anti-human PD-1 humanized monoclonal antibody having good specificity, high affinity and stability.
  • a first aspect of the invention relates to an anti-human PD-1 humanized monoclonal antibody or antigen binding portion thereof comprising a CDR region selected from the group consisting of:
  • sequences of the heavy chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 are set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 17-19, respectively, and the sequences of the light chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 are set as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 35-37, respectively, or the same antigenic epitope as described above.
  • sequence of bits are set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 17-19, respectively, and the sequences of the light chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 are set as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 35-37, respectively, or the same antigenic epitope as described above.
  • the anti-human PD-1 humanized monoclonal antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of the present invention further comprises a heavy chain variable region framework region selected from the group consisting of FR1, FR2, FR3, and FR4, respectively.
  • the anti-human PD-1 humanized monoclonal antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of the present invention further comprises a light chain variable region framework region selected from the group consisting of FR1, FR2, FR3, and FR4, respectively.
  • the anti-human PD-1 humanized monoclonal antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of the present invention comprises a heavy chain variable region selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 16 or the above A sequence that binds to a sequence of the same antigenic epitope.
  • the anti-human PD-1 humanized monoclonal antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of the present invention comprises a light chain variable region selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 34, or The identity of the above sequences is greater than 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99% of the sequence.
  • the anti-human PD-1 humanized monoclonal antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of the present invention has a heavy chain sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 8.
  • the anti-human PD-1 humanized monoclonal antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of the present invention has a light chain sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 25.
  • a nucleic acid molecule according to any one of the second aspects of the invention comprising a nucleic acid sequence capable of encoding an antibody heavy chain variable region, the heavy chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
  • sequences that satisfies at least one of the following (1) sequences: a) binding to the same antigenic epitope; b) identity greater than 70%, 80%, 85%, 90% or 97%.
  • the heavy chain variable region comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
  • SEQ ID NO: 16 or a sequence that satisfies at least one of the following three compared to the preceding sequence: a) binding to the same epitope, b) greater than 70%, 80%, 85%, 90% or 97% identity, c) a substitution with one to several nucleotides in the framework region of the aforementioned sequence.
  • the nucleic acid molecule comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 5.
  • nucleic acid molecule comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 7.
  • a nucleic acid molecule according to any one of the third aspects of the invention comprising a nucleic acid sequence capable of encoding an antibody light chain variable region, the light chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
  • sequences that satisfies at least one of the following (1) sequences: a) binding to the same antigenic epitope; b) identity greater than 70%, 80%, 85%, 90% or 97%.
  • the light chain variable region comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
  • SEQ ID NO: 34 or a sequence that satisfies at least one of the following three: a) binding to the same epitope, b) greater than 70%, 80%, 85%, 90% or 97% identity, c) a substitution with one to several nucleotides in the framework region of the aforementioned sequence.
  • the nucleic acid molecule comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 26.
  • nucleic acid molecule comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 24.
  • a fourth aspect of the invention relates to a vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule of any of the second or third aspect of the invention.
  • the vector referred to in the present invention contains the nucleic acid molecule of any one of the second aspect of the invention and the nucleic acid molecule of any of the third aspect.
  • a fifth aspect of the invention relates to a host cell comprising the nucleic acid molecule of any one of the second or third aspects of the invention or the vector of any of the fourth aspect of the invention.
  • a sixth aspect of the invention relates to a conjugate comprising the anti-human PD-1 humanized monoclonal antibody of any one of the first aspects of the invention, or an antigen-binding portion thereof, and other biologically active substance, said anti-human PD- A humanized monoclonal antibody or antigen binding portion thereof is conjugated to other biologically active substances either directly or through a linker.
  • the other biologically active substance is selected from the group consisting of chemicals and toxins which can directly or indirectly inhibit cell growth or kill cells, or inhibit the activation or killing of cells by activating the body's immune response, thereby treating tumors. , peptides, enzymes, isotopes, cytokines or other biological activities Sexual substance or mixture.
  • a seventh aspect of the invention relates to a composition (for example, a pharmaceutical composition) comprising the anti-human PD-1 humanized monoclonal antibody of any one of the first aspects of the invention, or an antigen-binding portion thereof, the second aspect or the third aspect
  • a composition comprising the anti-human PD-1 humanized monoclonal antibody of any one of the first aspects of the invention, or an antigen-binding portion thereof, the second aspect or the third aspect
  • a composition (e.g., a pharmaceutical composition) according to any one of the seventh aspects of the invention, which includes, but is not limited to, other antibodies, fusion proteins or drugs (e.g., anti-tumor drugs, such as radiopharmaceuticals).
  • drugs e.g., anti-tumor drugs, such as radiopharmaceuticals.
  • the invention further relates to a diagnostic reagent or kit comprising the anti-human PD-1 humanized monoclonal antibody of any of the first aspects of the invention, or an antigen binding portion thereof, for use in vitro ( For example, cells or tissues) or in vivo (eg, human or animal models) diagnose diseases associated with PD-1 (eg, tumor or viral infections, such as viral infections with high expression of PD-L1 or tumors with high expression of PD-L1).
  • diseases associated with PD-1 eg, tumor or viral infections, such as viral infections with high expression of PD-L1 or tumors with high expression of PD-L1.
  • the tumor includes, but is not limited to, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, melanoma, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, lymphoma, hematological malignancy, head and neck cancer, Gliomas, gastric cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, laryngeal cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, osteosarcoma, thyroid cancer, prostate cancer;
  • the viral infections include, but are not limited to, acute, subacute or chronic HBV, HCV, HIV infection.
  • the invention also relates to an anti-human PD-1 humanized monoclonal antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof according to any one of the first aspects of the invention, the nucleic acid molecule according to any one of the second or third aspect, or any one of the fourth aspect
  • a drug for viral infection such as a tumor with high expression of PD-L1 or a virus with high expression of PD-L1.
  • the tumor includes, but is not limited to, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, melanoma, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, lymphoma, hematological malignancy, head and neck cancer, Glioma, gastric cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, laryngeal cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, osteosarcoma, thyroid cancer, Prostate cancer;
  • the microbial infection includes, but is not limited to, bacterial, fungal, protozoal infections;
  • the viral infections include, but are not limited to, acute, subacute or chronic HBV, HCV, HIV infection.
  • the term “antibody” refers to an immunoglobulin molecule usually composed of two identical pairs of polypeptide chains each having one "light” (L) chain and one "heavy” (H) chain.
  • Antibody light chains can be classified as kappa and lambda light chains.
  • Heavy chains can be classified as ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , or ⁇ , and the isotypes of antibodies are defined as IgM, IgD, IgG, IgA, and IgE, respectively.
  • the variable and constant regions are joined by a "J" region of about 12 or more amino acids, and the heavy chain further comprises a "D" region of about 3 or more amino acids.
  • Each heavy chain is comprised of a heavy chain variable region (V H) and a heavy chain constant region (C H) composition.
  • the heavy chain constant region is comprised of three domains (C H 1, C H 2 and C H 3) components.
  • Each light chain is comprised of a light chain variable region (V L) and a light chain constant region (C L) components.
  • the light chain constant region is comprised of one domain, C L composition.
  • the constant region of the antibody mediates binding of the immunoglobulin to host tissues or factors, including various cells of the immune system (eg, effector cells) and the first component (C1q) of the classical complement system.
  • V H regions may be subdivided into hypervariability regions (termed complementarity determining regions (CDR)), interspersed with regions are more conserved, termed framework regions (FR) of.
  • CDR complementarity determining regions
  • FR framework regions
  • Each VH and VL consists of three CDRs and four FRs arranged in the following order: FR1, CDR1, FR2, CDR2, FR3, CDR3, FR4 from the amino terminus to the carboxy terminus.
  • the assignment of amino acids to regions or domains follows the Kabat Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
  • antibody is not limited by any particular method of producing antibodies. For example, it includes, in particular, recombinant antibodies, monoclonal antibodies, and polyclonal antibodies.
  • the antibodies may be antibodies of different isotypes, for example, IgG (eg, IgGl, IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4 subtype), IgA1, IgA2, IgD, IgE or IgM antibodies.
  • the term "antigen-binding portion" of an antibody refers to one or more portions of a full-length antibody that retain the ability to bind to the same antigen (eg, PD-1) to which the antibody binds, competing with intact antibodies. Specific binding to antigen. See generally, Fundamental Immunology, Ch. 7 (Paul, W., ed., 2nd ed., Raven Press, NY (1989), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes. Or producing an antigen binding portion by enzymatic or chemical fragmentation of an intact antibody.
  • the antigen binding portion comprises a Fab, Fab', F(ab')2, Fd, Fv, dAb and complementarity determining region (CDR) fragment, Single-chain antibodies (e.g., scFv), chimeric antibodies, diabodies, and polypeptides comprising at least a portion of an antibody sufficient to confer specific antigen binding ability to the polypeptide.
  • the present invention has at least the following advantages: the present invention obtains an anti-human PD-1 humanized monoclonal antibody having good specificity, high affinity and stability by screening, and the antibody can be specific It binds to human PD-1 and does not bind to other members of the CD28 family, which has a significant inhibitory effect on tumor growth.
  • Figure 1 is a graph showing the results of ELISA-binding activity of a murine PD-1 antibody
  • Figure 2 is a graph showing the results of ELISA inhibitory activity of a murine PD-1 antibody
  • Figure 3 is a graph showing the results of cell binding activity of a murine PD-1 antibody
  • Figure 4 is a graph showing the results of cytostatic activity of a murine PD-1 antibody
  • Figure 5 is a graph showing the results of MLR experiments of a murine PD-1 antibody
  • Figure 6 is a graph showing the results of ELISA direct binding activity of humanized PD-1 antibody
  • Figure 7 is a graph showing the results of ELISA inhibition binding activity of a humanized PD-1 antibody
  • Figure 8 is a graph showing the results of cell binding activity of humanized PD-1 antibody
  • Figure 9 is a graph showing the effect of humanized PD-1 antibody humanized PD-1 antibody on secretion of cytokine IFN- ⁇ in a mixed lymphocyte reaction
  • Figure 10 is a graph showing the effect of humanized PD-1 antibody humanized PD-1 antibody on the secretion of cytokine IL-2 in a mixed lymphocyte reaction;
  • Figure 11 is a graph showing the results of stability of humanized PD-1 antibody in serum
  • Figure 12 is a graph showing the binding specificity of humanized PD-1 antibody to human CD28, CTLA-4 and the binding results to PD-1 proteins of different species.
  • the BALB/c mice were immunized with a classic immunization schedule.
  • the immunogen was hPD-1 (human PD-1) protein (purchased from Beijing Yiqiao Shenzhou Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) to make the animals produce anti-hPD-1.
  • the specific protocol is shown in Table 1:
  • the harvested supernatant was first screened by direct ELISA binding method, and the screened positive clones were amplified and the supernatant was collected for screening.
  • the double screening was performed by cell-binding and cytostatic experiments.
  • the positive clones were subcloned by limiting dilution method and plated into 96-well plates at 5/well, 2/well and 1/well. After 7 days of culture, screening was performed by direct ELISA binding assay, and positive subclones were selected for amplification and conservation.
  • the coated hPD-1-Fc was plated on the plate, and the antibody was diluted with a gradient. After incubation and washing, goat anti-mouse-HRP was added, and the reaction was fitted to the reaction curve to calculate the EC50 value.
  • the hPD-1-Fc overexpressing cells were plated one day in advance to the cell plates used for the detection of culture, and after the next day of blocking, the gradient-diluted antibody was added, and then anti-mouse-EU was added, and the reading was performed.
  • hPD-1-Fc overexpressing cells were plated one day in advance to the cell plate for detection culture, and after the next day of blocking, a gradient-diluted antibody was added, and then PD1-Fc-Biotin was added, followed by Europium-labeled streptavidin, and the reading was performed.
  • Hybridoma cells with positive subclones were selected and inoculated into SFM medium for about 7 days.
  • the supernatant was collected, centrifuged, and purified by Protein G purification column.
  • the purified antibodies were subjected to ELISA binding activity, ELISA inhibitory activity, and cell binding activity, respectively. , cell inhibition activity assay and MLR assay. After screening, one of the most active murine anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies was obtained and named mouse anti-PD-1.
  • the coated PD1-His was plated on the plate, and the antibody diluted with the gradient was added. After incubation and washing, the goat anti-mouse-HRP was added and the color was developed. The reading was fitted to the reaction curve. The results are shown in Fig. 1, and the EC50 value was calculated. The EC50 of binding activity to hPD-1 was 2.402 ng/mL.
  • the gradient-diluted antibody was pre-incubated with a certain concentration of PD1-Fc-His, and the mixture was added to the PD1-Fc-coated plate. After incubation and washing, anti-His-HRP was added to develop color, and the reading was fitted to the reaction curve. As a result, as shown in Fig. 2, the IC50 value was calculated, and its inhibitory activity IC50 was 3.827 nM.
  • PD1-27 (PD1 overexpressing CHO-K1 stably transfected cells) was plated one day in advance to the cell plate for detecting culture. After the next day of blocking, the antibody was diluted with gradient dilution, washed and then added with anti-mouse-EU, then washed and added with fluorescence. The enhancement solution was read and the reaction curve was fitted. The results are shown in Fig. 3. The EC50 of the cell binding activity was calculated to be 87.80 ng/mL.
  • PD1-27 (PD1 overexpressing CHO-K1 stably transfected cells) was plated one day in advance to the cell plate for detecting culture. After the next day of blocking, the antibody was diluted with gradient dilution, then PD1-Fc was added, and the anti-Human-EU was added to the wash. Then, the fluorescence enhancement solution was added by washing, and the reaction curve was fitted. As a result, as shown in Fig. 4, the IC50 of the cell inhibitory activity was calculated to be 284.1 ng/mL.
  • CD4+ T cells and DC cells sorted by magnetic beads were mixed in a certain proportion, and then different concentrations of anti-PD1 murine monoclonal antibody were added. After 5 days of culture, the concentration of IFN- ⁇ was detected by the kit. The result is shown in Fig. 5. As shown, anti-PD1 murine mAb can significantly promote the expression of IFN- ⁇ .
  • RNA anti-PD-1 hybridoma After cDNA Reverse Transcription Total RNA was prepared PrimeScript TM II 1st Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit .
  • the heavy chain and light chain variable regions of the antibody were amplified by Leader primer, and the reaction system and PCR conditions are shown in Table 2 and Table 3, respectively.
  • Reagent name Add volume 10 ⁇ Buffer 5 ⁇ L 10 ⁇ M dNTP Mix 1 ⁇ L 50mM MgSO4 2 ⁇ L Upstream and downstream primers 1 ⁇ L each cDNA template 1 ⁇ L Taq 0.2 ⁇ L ddH2O Up to 50 ⁇ L
  • the PCR results were analyzed by electrophoresis, and 0.5 ⁇ l of LA Taq enzyme was added to a reaction tube having an amplification product, and reacted at 72 ° C for 10 min. After that, the enzyme was ligated, and the reaction system is shown in Table 4.
  • the transformation is carried out, and the clones are picked and preserved to obtain a mouse anti-human PD-1 antibody.
  • the heavy chain variable region nucleic acid sequence and amino acid sequence are shown in SEQ ID NOS: 1 and 2, respectively, and the light chain variable region nucleic acid sequence and amino acid sequence are shown in SEQ ID NOS: 3 and 4, respectively.
  • the murine antibody sequence was analyzed and aligned with the human germ line gene. It was finally determined that the heavy chain FR1 template was derived from HM855688 (IGHV3-21*04), and the heavy chain FR2 template was derived from L06614 (IGHV3-30*07).
  • the heavy chain FR3 template was derived from M77327 (IGHV3-30*15) and the humanized template for the light chain was determined to be X63397 (IGKV2-28*01).
  • the CDRs of the heavy and light chains are collocated into the framework sequences by CDR-grafting to construct a humanized antibody which synthesizes a fragment of the variable region of the humanized antibody.
  • the heavy chain variable region nucleic acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 5
  • the light chain variable region nucleic acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 6.
  • the DNA sequence of the murine antibody CDRs was analyzed to determine the mutation sites in the variable region CDRs. Design the primer sequence and design the position of the mutation site as NNS to encode any amino acid.
  • the scFv antibody library was amplified by PCR using the humanized antibody scFv as a template, and the antibody library of the scFv was ligated into the phage plasmid by the sfiI cleavage site to construct a secondary antibody library.
  • the phage plasmid containing the scFv antibody library was transformed into E. coli TG1 by electroporation, and after 37 ° C, 220 rpm, 1 h recovery, the helper phage was added to the remaining bacterial solution, and added. Ampicillin, 37 ° C, 220 rpm, 1 h. The supernatant was centrifuged at 2,500 rpm ⁇ 5 min, and the suspension was suspended in 2 ⁇ YT-AK medium, and cultured at 37 ° C, 220 rpm overnight;
  • coated antigen PD1-Fc-His was diluted with coating buffer, mixed into the immune tube, coated at 4 ° C overnight;
  • Recombinant phage collection The above overnight culture solution was centrifuged at 2500 rpm ⁇ 5 min, 10 ml of the supernatant was collected, 2 ml of PEG/NaCl was added, mixed and placed on ice for 30-60 min, centrifuged at 10000 g ⁇ 20 min, and the supernatant was removed, and 2 ⁇ YT was used. The medium dissolves the phage library;
  • G, OUTPUT dilute the above bacterial liquid to 10 -1 , 10 -2 , respectively, take 100ul coated plate;
  • helper phage was added to 5 ml of the eluted bacterial solution, while adding 5 ⁇ l of ampicillin, 37 ° C, 220 rpm, 1 h. The supernatant was centrifuged at 2,500 rpm ⁇ 5 min, and the suspension was suspended with 10 ml of 2 ⁇ YT-AK, and cultured at 37 ° C, 220 rpm overnight.
  • PBST was washed three times, added preheated TMB, 25 ° C, 10 min, 1M H2SO4 was added to stop the reaction, OD450 was used to detect the absorbance. Positive clones were selected, sequenced, and the heavy chain variable region or the light chain variable region was ligated to the corresponding constant region sequence of the human antibody by PCR, and the amplified antibody heavy and light chain full length fragments (including signal peptides) ) cloned into pcDNA3.1GS, respectively.
  • the light chain plasmid and the heavy chain plasmid were co-transfected into the EXPI 293 cell line, and after 7 days of culture, the supernatant was purified with Protein A (GE) to finally obtain an affinity matured antibody. Affinity matured antibodies were tested for Elisa binding activity, Elisa inhibitory activity, and Cell binding activity, respectively.
  • GE Protein A
  • the coated PD1-His was plated on the plate, and the antibody diluted with the gradient was added. After incubation and washing, the goat anti-mouse-HRP was added and the color was developed. The reading curve was fitted to the reaction curve. The result is shown in Fig. 6. The EC50 value is calculated. The EC50 of binding activity to hPD-1 was 6.094 ng/mL.
  • the gradient-diluted antibody was pre-incubated with a certain concentration of PD1-Fc-His, and the mixture was added to the PD1-Fc-coated plate. After incubation and washing, anti-His-HRP was added to develop color, and the reading was fitted to the reaction curve. As a result, as shown in Fig. 7, the IC50 value was calculated, and the inhibitory activity IC50 was 406.1 nM.
  • PD1-27 (PD1 overexpressing CHO-K1 stably transfected cells) was plated one day in advance to the cell plate for detecting culture. After the next day of blocking, the antibody was diluted with gradient dilution, washed and then added with anti-mouse-EU, then washed and added with fluorescence. The enhancement solution was read and the reaction curve was fitted. The results are shown in Fig. 8. The IC50 of the cell inhibitory activity was calculated to be 103.2 ng/mL.
  • the humanized antibody variable region sequence was ligated with the constant region sequence of the human antibody, and the whole antibody sequence was formed, and the expression plasmids P3.1GS-hup01-HC and P3.1GS-hup01-LC were constructed, and the antibody was prepared by transiently transfecting 293 cells. Antibody activity was detected.
  • anti-PD-1 heavy chain nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence are shown in SEQ ID NOS: 7 and 8, respectively.
  • the heavy chain variable region nucleotide sequence is:
  • the horizontal line portions are CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3, respectively, and their sequence numbers are SEQ ID NO: 9-11, respectively; the undrawn horizontal portions are FR1, FR2, FR3, and FR4, respectively, and their sequence numbers are SEQ ID NO: 12, respectively. 15.
  • amino acid sequence of the heavy chain variable region is:
  • the horizontal line portions are CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3, respectively, and their sequence numbers are SEQ ID NO: 17-19, respectively; the uncrossed portions are FR1, FR2, FR3, and FR4, respectively, and their sequence numbers are SEQ ID NO: 20, respectively. twenty three.
  • the anti-PD-1 light chain nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence are shown in SEQ ID NOS: 24 and 25, respectively.
  • the light chain variable region nucleotide sequence is:
  • the horizontal line portions are CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3, respectively, and their sequence numbers are SEQ ID NO: 27-29, respectively; the undrawn horizontal portions are FR1, FR2, FR3, and FR4, respectively, and their sequence numbers are SEQ ID NO: 30, respectively. 33.
  • amino acid sequence of the light chain variable region is:
  • the horizontal line portions are CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3, respectively, and their sequence numbers are SEQ ID NO: 35-37, respectively; the uncrossed portions are FR1, FR2, FR3, and FR4, respectively, and their sequence numbers are SEQ ID NO: 38- 41.
  • Reagent name Add volume Heavy chain / light chain template 1 ⁇ L 5 ⁇ Buffer 10 ⁇ L 2.5 ⁇ M dNTP Mix 4 ⁇ L Upstream and downstream primers (10 ⁇ M) 1 ⁇ L each Taq 0.5 ⁇ L ddH 2 O Up to 50 ⁇ L
  • the full length sequence of the light chain and heavy chain was recovered using a PCR product recovery kit.
  • Light chain and heavy on antibody fragments The strand and the plasmid were separately digested, and after electrophoresis, the antibody was digested with the antibody and the plasmid was digested, and then the fragment was ligated.
  • the humanized antibody expression plasmid after enzyme ligation was named P3.1GS-PD-1.
  • the reaction system is shown in Table 8 - Table 10.
  • the above enzyme product was added to 100 ⁇ L of XL1-10 competent state, iced for 30 minutes, then hot shocked at 42 ° C for 90 seconds, rapidly placed on ice for 2 minutes, then added to 500 ⁇ L of LB medium, and shaken at 37 ° C for 1 hour.
  • the bacterial solution was centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 5 minutes, 500 ⁇ L of the supernatant was discarded, the suspension was sprayed with a gun, and applied to an LB solid plate containing 50 ⁇ g/mL of AMP, and cultured overnight at 37 °C.
  • the humanized antibody expression plasmid P3.1GS-PD-1 was linearized with PvuI before transfection; the linearized plasmid containing the humanized antibody light chain and heavy chain genes was transfected by electroporation.
  • the transfected cells were named 20150703T, 20150704T, 20150708T and 20150714T.
  • 20150708T and 20150714T cells to be transfected were recovered for 2 days and then subjected to pressure plating. After about 30-40 days of culture, clones were observed to grow in 96-well plates, at which time yield identification was performed. High-yielding clones were transferred and expanded for culture. When the number of cells reached 2 ⁇ 10 6 cells/mL, the cells were inoculated for fed-batch culture, and after the completion of the culture, the supernatant was harvested for yield identification, and an alternate female clone was obtained. The female clones of 20150703T and 20150704T were obtained by screening by semi-solid plating method.
  • High-yield clones were subcloned and screened: semi-solid plated, 3000-5000 cells per well in 6-well plate, 2.5 mL medium, plated, placed at 37 ° C, 5% CO2, cultured for 7-12 days. Monoclonal. Selected clones were subjected to yield identification to obtain alternative clones.
  • the high-yield cell line was obtained by feeding and screening.
  • the shake flask feeding scheme was: inoculation with CDM4CHO as the basic medium, the inoculation density was 5 ⁇ 10 5 cells/mL, and after inoculation, it was cultured at 37° C., 5% CO 2 , 120 rpm. On the day of inoculation, it was recorded as day 0, and until the third day of culture, 70 g/L of cell Boost 5 was added, and 6% of the inoculation volume was added every day until the cells were harvested. According to the results of feeding and screening, the relatively high-yielding cell lines in different transfections were selected to establish PCB, cryopreserved and preserved, and the stability of passage was studied.
  • the expressed antibody name is anti-PD-1.
  • the affinity and binding kinetics of the antibody expressed in the cell line of Example 4 were analyzed using Biacore.
  • Sheep anti-human IgG was covalently linked to the CM5 chip via a primary amine using standard amine coupling chemistry and a kit supplied by Biacore. Binding was measured by flowing the antibody in HBS EP buffer at a flow rate of 30 ⁇ L/min. The combination time is 300 seconds and the dissociation time is 7200 seconds.
  • the measured values of ka, kd and KD are shown in Table 11.
  • the antibodies can effectively promote the secretion of IFN- ⁇ and IL-2 by mixed lymphocytes.
  • the humanized antibody anti-PD-1 was diluted with monkey serum at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. They were placed at 37 ° C for 0 days, 1 day, 4 days, and 7 days.
  • Recombinant human PD-1 fusion protein was incubated overnight at 4 ° C in coating buffer at a concentration of 0.5 ⁇ g/mL. The solution in the well was discarded the next day and washed twice with PBST. Then 1% BSA was added, blocked at 37 ° C for 1 hour and then washed twice with PBST. The stable antibody samples were serially diluted 3 times at a concentration of 1 ⁇ g/mL for a total of 8 concentration gradients, incubated at 37 ° C for 1 hour, and washed three times with PBST. Sheep anti-human FAB-HRP, diluted 1:10000, incubated for 1 hour at 37 ° C, washed three times with PBST. Color development was carried out by adding TMB for 15 min, quenching the reaction with 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 and reading the absorbance at 450 nm.
  • the humanized antibody anti-PD-1 showed good serum stability and showed no significant activity decay within 7 days.
  • Example 8 ELISA assay for binding specificity to human CD28, CTLA-4 and binding to PD-1 proteins of different species
  • Test recombinant CD28 family members recombinant human CD28, recombinant human CTLA-4, recombinant mouse PD-1, heavy
  • the group of cynomolgus PD-1 and recombinant human PD-1 protein bind to the antibody.
  • Different proteins were incubated overnight at 4 ° C in coating buffer at a concentration of 0.5 ⁇ g/mL. The solution in the well was discarded the next day and washed twice with PBST. Then 1% BSA was added, blocked at 37 ° C for 1 hour and then washed twice with PBST. 0.5 ⁇ g/mL antibody sample was added, incubated for 1 hour, and washed three times with PBST.
  • Sheep anti-human FAB-HRP diluted 1:10000, incubated for 1 hour at 37 ° C, washed three times with PBST. Color development was carried out by adding TMB for 15 min, the reaction was stopped with 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 and the absorbance was read at 450 nm.
  • the antibody did not bind to other members of the CD28 family.
  • the antibody binds human and cynomolgus recombinant PD-1 protein with similar affinity.

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Abstract

提供的是抗人PD-1人源化单克隆抗体及其应用。该抗体能够特异性地与人PD-1结合，并且不结合CD28家族其它成员，从而阻断PD-L1与PD-1的结合，部分恢复T细胞的功能，并且显著抑制肿瘤生长。

Description

抗人PD-1人源化单克隆抗体及其应用
本申请要求了申请日为2016年5月24日，申请号为201610345750.1，发明名称为“抗人PD-1人源化单克隆抗体及其应用”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及生物医药领域，尤其涉及一种抗人PD-1人源化单克隆抗体及其应用。
背景技术
T细胞活化需要两个信号，第1信号来自T细胞抗原受体(TCR)与抗原肽-MHC复合物的结合，为抗原特异性的；第2信号即协同刺激信号，由T细胞上粘附分子的受体与抗原提呈细胞(APC)上相应的配体结合，为抗原非特异性的。第2信号在T细胞活化中具有重要的作用，若无协同刺激分子提供第2信号，T细胞识别抗原后将处于无应答状态或凋亡。CD28/CTLA-4与其配体B7-1、B7-2的结合为T细胞活化所必需的协同刺激通路，参与机体抗原特异性体液免疫和细胞免疫。CD28-B7家族的新成员，包括：ICOS(inducible costimulator)及其配体B7RP-1以及PD-1(programmed death-1)及其配体PD-L1和PD-L2。CD28和ICOS可传递协同刺激(阳性)信号；而CTLA-4和PD-1则传递抑制性(阴性)信号。T细胞活化的阳性和阴性信号之间的平衡，对机体抵抗外来抗原的入侵，防止自身免疫反应的发生起着关键作用。
PD-1是55KD的跨膜蛋白，与CD28、ICOS和细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)相关抗原4(CTLA-4)同属免疫球蛋白超家族成员。其胞外区只有1个IgV样区，与CTLA-4有23％的同源性，但无结合B7-1/B7-2必需的MYPPPY基序；胞浆区有2个酪氨酸残基，尾部有1个ITIM(immunoreceptor tryosine-based inhibitory motif)，而无YXXM基序。其他CD28家族中的成员以二硫键连接的同源二聚体形式而存在，而PD-1则以单体形式存在。与CD28、CTLA-4的局限性表达(主 要在T细胞)不同，PD-1可表达于活化的T细胞、B细胞和骨髓细胞，以及CD4-CD8-胸腺细胞。
PD-1有两个配体，PD-L1(B7-H1)和PD-L2(B7-DC)，均为B7家族中的新成员，胞外都有1个IgV样区和1个IgC样区。PD-L1含有290个氨基酸，其胞外区与B7-1、B7-2分别有20％和15％的同源性，胞浆区变化多样，但二级结构同B7-1、B7-2非常相似。在基因水平上PD-L2与PD-L1有37.4％的同源性。PD-L1和PD-L2的表达与调节不同。PD-L1mRNA在非淋巴组织(如胎盘、心、肺和骨骼肌)中含量丰富，但除巨噬样细胞和胎盘滋养层外，PD-L1蛋白在正常组织中几乎检测不到。在APC、T细胞和内皮细胞上经诱导可表达PD-L1，而且多种人类的肿瘤中富含PD-L1。相反，PD-L2仅在树突状细胞(DC)和单核细胞上表达。用IFN-γ处理DC和单核细胞后，PD-L1和PD-L2的表达均上调。但是，实际上PD-L1和PD-L2分别受Th1和Th2型细胞的调节。在巨噬细胞上，Th1细胞分泌的IFN-γ可经转录因子STAT1上调PD-L1的表达；而IFN-γ需经IL-4才能诱导PD-L2表达，STAT6参与了IL-4下游的信号传导，提示PD-L2的表达受Th2细胞的调节。
PD-1是免疫抑制性受体，与其配体PD-L1、PD-L2相互作用传递抑制性信号，在免疫应答中发挥负向调控作用。PD-1与PD-L1/PD-L2的结合，可抑制TCR介导的淋巴细胞增殖和细胞因子(IL-2、IFN-γ及IL-10)产生，导致细胞周期停滞，但不增加细胞死亡。分别阻断DC上PD-L1、PD-L2的表达，可导致T细胞增殖和细胞因子(IFN-γ和IL-10)产生增加，且同时阻断二者表现的作用相加，表明PD-L1和PD-L2的功能是抑制T细胞活化。PD-1也可参与B细胞应答的负调节。PD-1信号传导的作用是抑制B细胞增殖、分化、Ig类型转换，在建立和/或维持外周自身耐受中起重要作用。PD-1抑制BCR介导的信号转导的分子机制(Molecular Mechanisms)是：PD-1通过其所含SH2区的酪氨酸磷酸酶2(SHP-2)，使BCR信号转导的重要信号换能器去磷酸化，从而抑制效应分子的酪氨酸磷酸化，包括Igβ、Syk、PLC-γ2及ERK1/2。该抑制作用不需要ITIM N-末端的酪氨酸，而需要C-末端的其他酪氨酸残基。
PD-1在抑制TCR介导的T细胞活化的同时，可减弱ICOS、IL-4和IL-21的作用，但不影响CD28、IL-7和IL-15的效应。然而PD-1信号传导能够抑制亚理想水平的CD28介导的协同刺激作用。在某些情况下，PD-1—PD-L通路可能是第2位 的或后备的，只有当CD28-B7协同刺激通路缺乏或处于亚理想水平时，该通路才能发挥调节T细胞应答的作用。在其他情况下，该通路对T细胞活化或分化起核心作用，这可能有赖于正在进行的免疫应答的特定阶段。APC上抑制性PD-L1/PD-L2和协同刺激B7-1/B7-2信号的相对水平，可能影响T细胞活化的程度，决定产生耐受还是自身免疫。PD-L1在非淋巴组织上的表达，提示PD-1—PD-L可能是通过抑制自身反应性T、B细胞和效应T细胞而诱导免疫耐受及调节局部的炎症反应。
肿瘤细胞所具有的逃避免疫系统的能力，是通过在其表面产生的程序性死亡配体(PD-L1)结合到T细胞的PD-1蛋白上实现的。机体内的肿瘤微环境会诱导浸润的T细胞高表达PD-1分子，肿瘤细胞会高表达PD-1的配体PD-L1和PD-L2，导致肿瘤微环境中PD-1通路持续激活，T细胞功能被抑制而不能发现肿瘤以至于不能向免疫系统发出需要攻击肿瘤和杀伤肿瘤细胞的治疗。
PD-1抗体是针对PD-1的一种抗体蛋白，使得前两种蛋白不能发生结合，阻断这一通路，部分恢复T细胞的功能，使这些细胞能够继续杀伤肿瘤细胞。2014年7月，PMDA批准全人源化IgG4抗PD-1单克隆抗体Nivolumab在日本上市，用于治疗晚期黑色素瘤，成为首个获得主要监管机构批准的PD-1抗体。2015年，FDA先后批准默沙东的Keytruda(pembrolizumab)和百时美施贵宝的OPDIVO(nivolumab)两种PD-1抗体上市。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的目的是提供一种具有良好特异性、较高的亲和性和稳定性的抗人PD-1人源化单克隆抗体。
本发明第一方面涉及抗人PD-1人源化单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分，其包括选自于如下一组的CDR区：
重链CDR1、CDR2、CDR3的序列分别如SEQ ID NO：17-19所示，轻链CDR1、CDR2、CDR3的序列分别如SEQ ID NO：35-37所示，或与上述序列结合相同抗原表位的序列。
进一步的，本发明中抗人PD-1人源化单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分，其还包括选自于如下的重链可变区框架区：FR1、FR2、FR3、FR4的序列分别如SEQ  ID NO：20-23所示，或分别与上述序列的同一性大于70％、80％、85％、90％、95％、99％的序列。
进一步的，本发明中抗人PD-1人源化单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分，其还包括选自于如下的轻链可变区框架区：FR1、FR2、FR3、FR4的序列分别如SEQ ID NO：38-41所示，或分别与上述序列的同一性大于70％、80％、85％、90％、95％、99％的序列。
进一步的，本发明中抗人PD-1人源化单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分，其包括选自于如下的重链可变区：其序列如SEQ ID NO：16所示，或与上述序列结合相同抗原表位的序列。
进一步的，本发明中抗人PD-1人源化单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分，其包括选自于如下的轻链可变区：其序列如SEQ ID NO：34所示，或者分别与上述序列的同一性大于70％、80％、85％、90％、95％、99％的序列。
具体的，本发明中抗人PD-1人源化单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分，其重链的序列如SEQ ID NO：8所示。
具体的，本发明中抗人PD-1人源化单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分，其轻链的序列如SEQ ID NO：25所示。
根据本发明第二方面任一项的核酸分子，其包含能够编码抗体重链可变区的核酸序列，所述重链可变区包含选自如下一组的氨基酸序列：
(1)SEQ ID NO：17-19；
(2)与前述(1)序列相比满足以下二者中至少一个的序列：a)结合相同抗原表位；b)同一性大于70％、80％、85％、90％或97％。
进一步的，所述重链可变区包含选自如下一组的氨基酸序列：
SEQ ID NO：16，或与前述序列相比满足以下三者中至少一个的序列：a)结合相同抗原表位、b)同一性大于70％、80％、85％、90％或97％、c)与前述序列框架区中含有一个到几个核苷酸的替换。
在本发明的实施方案中所述核酸分子包含选自如SEQ ID NO：5所示的序列。
进一步的，所述核酸分子包含选自如SEQ ID NO：7所示的序列。
根据本发明第三方面任一项的核酸分子，其包含能够编码抗体轻链可变区的核酸序列，所述轻链可变区包含选自如下一组的氨基酸序列：
(1)SEQ ID NO：35-37；
(2)与前述(1)序列相比满足以下二者中至少一个的序列：a)结合相同抗原表位；b)同一性大于70％、80％、85％、90％或97％。
进一步的，所述轻链可变区包含选自如下一组的氨基酸序列：
SEQ ID NO：34，或与前述序列相比满足以下三者中至少一个的序列：a)结合相同抗原表位、b)同一性大于70％、80％、85％、90％或97％、c)与前述序列框架区中含有一个到几个核苷酸的替换。
在本发明的实施方案中，所述核酸分子包含选自如SEQ ID NO：26所示的序列。
进一步的，所述核酸分子包含选自如SEQ ID NO：24所示的序列。
本发明第四方面涉及载体，其含有本发明第二或第三方面任一项的核酸分子。
进一步的，本发明中所指的载体含有本发明第二方面任一项的核酸分子和第三方面任一项的核酸分子。
本发明第五方面涉及宿主细胞，其含有本发明第二或第三方面任一项的核酸分子或本发明第四方面任一项的载体。
本发明第六方面涉及偶联物，其含有本发明第一方面任一项的抗人PD-1人源化单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分，以及其它生物活性物质，所述抗人PD-1人源化单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分直接或通过连接片段与其它生物活性物质偶联。
在本发明的实施方案中，所述其它生物活性物质选自可直接或间接抑制细胞生长或杀灭细胞、或通过激活机体免疫反应从而抑制或杀灭细胞，从而达到治疗肿瘤的化学物质、毒素、多肽、酶、同位素、细胞因子或其他具有生物活 性的单一物质或混合物质。
本发明第七方面涉及组合物(例如药物组合物)，其含有本发明第一方面任一项的抗人PD-1人源化单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分、第二方面或第三方面任一项的核酸分子、第四方面任一项的载体、第五方面任一项的宿主细胞、或者本发明第六方面任一项的偶联物，以及任选的药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂，以及任选的其它生物活性物质。
根据本发明第七方面任一项的组合物(例如药物组合物)，所述其它生物活性物质包括但不限于其它抗体、融合蛋白或药物(例如抗肿瘤药物，如放、化疗药物)。
本发明还涉及诊断试剂或试剂盒，其含有本发明第一方面任一项的抗人PD-1人源化单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分，所述诊断试剂或试剂盒用于在体外(例如细胞或组织)或体内(例如人或动物模型)诊断与PD-1相关的疾病(例如肿瘤或病毒感染，例如PD-L1高表达的病毒感染或PD-L1高表达的肿瘤)。
在本发明的实施方案中，所述肿瘤包括但不限于肺癌、卵巢癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、黑色素瘤、肾癌、膀胱癌、乳腺癌、肝癌、淋巴瘤、恶性血液病、头颈癌、胶质瘤、胃癌、鼻咽癌、喉癌、宫颈癌、子宫体癌、骨肉瘤、甲状腺癌、前列腺癌；所述病毒感染包括但不限于急性、亚急性或慢性HBV、HCV、HIV感染。
本发明还涉及本发明第一方面任一项的抗人PD-1人源化单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分、第二方面或第三方面任一项的核酸分子、第四方面任一项的载体、第五方面任一项的宿主细胞、第六方面任一项的偶联物或第七方面任一项组合物用于制备预防或治疗与PD-1相关的疾病(例如肿瘤，微生物或病毒感染，例如PD-L1高表达的肿瘤或PD-L1高表达的病毒感染)的药物的用途。
在本发明的实施方案中，所述肿瘤包括但不限于肺癌、卵巢癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、黑色素瘤、肾癌、膀胱癌、乳腺癌、肝癌、淋巴瘤、恶性血液病、头颈癌、胶质瘤、胃癌、鼻咽癌、喉癌、宫颈癌、子宫体癌、骨肉瘤、甲状腺癌、 前列腺癌；所述微生物感染包括但不限于细菌、真菌、原生动物感染；所述病毒感染包括但不限于急性、亚急性或慢性HBV、HCV、HIV感染。
以下对本发明做进一步描述：在本发明中，除非另有说明，否则本文中使用的科学和技术名词具有本领域技术人员所通常理解的含义。并且，本文中所用的蛋白质和核酸化学、分子生物学、细胞和组织培养、微生物学、免疫学相关术语和实验室操作步骤均为相应领域内广泛使用的术语和常规步骤。同时，为了更好地理解本发明，下面提供相关术语的定义和解释。
在本发明中，术语“抗体”是指通常由两对相同的多肽链(每对具有一条“轻”(L)链和一条“重”(H)链)组成的免疫球蛋白分子。抗体轻链可分类为κ和λ轻链。重链可分类为μ、δ、γ、α或ε，并且分别将抗体的同种型定义为IgM、IgD、IgG、IgA和IgE。在轻链和重链内，可变区和恒定区通过大约12或更多个氨基酸的“J”区连接，重链还包含大约3个或更多个氨基酸的“D”区。各重链由重链可变区(VH)和重链恒定区(CH)组成。重链恒定区由3个结构域(CH1、CH2和CH3)组成。各轻链由轻链可变区(VL)和轻链恒定区(CL)组成。轻链恒定区由一个结构域CL组成。抗体的恒定区可介导免疫球蛋白与宿主组织或因子，包括免疫系统的各种细胞(例如，效应细胞)和经典补体系统的第一组分(C1q)的结合。VH和VL区还可被细分为具有高变性的区域(称为互补决定区(CDR))，其间散布有较保守的称为构架区(FR)的区域。各VH和VL由按下列顺序：FR1、CDR1、FR2、CDR2、FR3、CDR3、FR4从氨基末端至羧基末端排列的3个CDR和4个FR组成。各重链/轻链对的可变区(VH和VL)分别形成抗体结合部位。氨基酸至各区域或结构域的分配遵循Kabat Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest(National Institutes of Health,Bethesda,Md.(1987and 1991))，或Chothia&Lesk(1987)J.Mol.Biol.196:901-917；Chothia等人(1989)Nature 342:878-883的定义。术语“抗体”不受任何特定的产生抗体的方法限制。例如，其包括，特别地，重组抗体、单克隆抗体和多克隆抗体。抗体可以是不同同种型的抗体，例如，IgG(例如，IgG1，IgG2，IgG3或IgG4亚型)，IgA1，IgA2，IgD，IgE或IgM抗体。
在本发明中，术语抗体的“抗原结合部分”是指全长抗体的一个或多个部分，所述部分保持结合抗体所结合的相同抗原(例如，PD-1)的能力，与完整抗体竞争 对抗原的特异性结合。通常参见，Fundamental Immunology,Ch.7(Paul,W.,ed.,第2版，Raven Press,N.Y.(1989)，其以其全文通过引用合并入本文，用于所有目的。可通过重组DNA技术或通过完整抗体的酶促或化学断裂产生抗原结合部分。在一些情况下，抗原结合部分包括Fab、Fab'、F(ab')2、Fd、Fv、dAb和互补决定区(CDR)片段、单链抗体(例如，scFv)、嵌合抗体、双抗体(diabody)和这样的多肽，其包含足以赋予多肽特异性抗原结合能力的抗体的至少一部分。
借由上述方案，本发明至少具有以下优点：本发明通过筛选得到了具有良好特异性、较高的亲和性和稳定性的抗人PD-1人源化单克隆抗体，该抗体能够特异性地与人PD-1结合，并且不结合CD28家族其它成员，对肿瘤生长具有显著的抑制作用。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段，并可依照说明书的内容予以实施，以下以本发明的较佳实施例并配合附图详细说明如后。
附图说明
图1是鼠源PD-1抗体的ELISA结合活性结果图；
图2是鼠源PD-1抗体的ELISA抑制活性结果图；
图3是鼠源PD-1抗体的细胞结合活性结果图；
图4是鼠源PD-1抗体的细胞抑制活性结果图；
图5是鼠源PD-1抗体的MLR实验结果图；
图6是人源化PD-1抗体的ELISA直接结合活性结果图；
图7是人源化PD-1抗体的ELISA抑制结合活性结果图；
图8是人源化PD-1抗体细胞结合活性结果图；
图9是人源化PD-1抗体人源化PD-1抗体在混合淋巴细胞反应中对细胞因子IFN-γ分泌的影响图；
图10是人源化PD-1抗体人源化PD-1抗体在混合淋巴细胞反应中对细胞因子IL-2分泌的影响图；
图11是人源化PD-1抗体在血清中的稳定性结果图；
图12是人源化PD-1抗体与人CD28、CTLA-4的结合特异性及与不同物种的PD-1蛋白的结合结果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例一鼠源抗体筛选
1.1动物免疫
采用经典的免疫时间表，对BALB/c小鼠免疫，免疫原为hPD-1(人源PD-1)蛋白(购自北京义翘神州生物技术有限公司)，以使动物产生抗hPD-1的抗体，具体方案如表1所示：
表1 hPD-1蛋白动物免疫方案
Figure PCTCN2016084644-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2016084644-appb-000002
1.2细胞融合及杂交瘤细胞筛选
融合前调整小鼠骨髓瘤SP2/0的状态，保证其生长密度不超过于1.0×106个细胞，提前3天进行终免，终免采用尾静脉注射的方式，提前一天准备饲养细胞，铺板数量为2.0×104个细胞/孔。通过PEG融合，保证脾细胞与SP2/0细胞的数量比在10:1到5:1之间，每孔所铺脾细胞数量不超过1.0×105。融合7天以后收获上清液并更换培养基。
收获的上清液首先通过直接ELISA结合方法进行初筛，将筛得的阳性克隆扩增后收上清液进行复筛。
复筛采用细胞结合以及细胞抑制实验进行两轮筛选，筛选得到的阳性克隆采用有限稀释法进行亚克隆，铺96孔板，分别为5个/孔，2个/孔和1个/孔。培养7天后采用直接ELISA结合实验进行筛选，挑选阳性亚克隆进行扩增并保种。
其中，所涉及的各实验方法的具体步骤如下：
A、ELISA结合方法
包被hPD-1-Fc在板上，加入梯度稀释的抗体，孵育洗涤后，再加入羊抗鼠-HRP，显色，读数拟合出反应曲线，计算出EC50值。
B、细胞结合实验
提前一天将hPD-1-Fc过表达细胞铺至用于检测培养的细胞板，次日封闭后加入梯度稀释的抗体，再加入anti-mouse-EU，读数即可。
C、细胞抑制实验
提前一天将hPD-1-Fc过表达细胞铺至用于检测培养的细胞板，次日封闭后加入梯度稀释的抗体，再加入PD1-Fc-Biotin，再加入Europium-labeled streptavidin，读数即可。
1.3鼠源抗体的制备及活性鉴定
将挑选阳性亚克隆的杂交瘤细胞接种至SFM培养基内，培养7天左右，收集上清，离心过滤后用Protein G纯化柱纯化，纯化抗体分别进行ELISA结合活性、ELISA抑制活性、细胞结合活性、细胞抑制活性检测和MLR实验。经过筛选，获得活性最高的一株鼠源抗PD-1单克隆抗体，命名为mouse anti-PD-1。
其中，所涉及的各实验方法的具体步骤如下：
A、ELISA结合活性
包被PD1-His在板上，加入梯度稀释的抗体，孵育洗涤后，再加入羊抗鼠-HRP，显色，读数拟合出反应曲线，结果如图1所示，计算出EC50值，其与hPD-1结合活性EC50为2.402ng/mL。
B、ELISA抑制活性
梯度稀释的抗体和一定浓度的PD1-Fc-His预先孵育，再将混合物加入到包被PD1-Fc的板上，孵育洗涤后再加入anti-His-HRP，显色，读数拟合出反应曲线，结果如图2所示，计算IC50值，其抑制活性IC50为3.827nM。
C、细胞结合活性
提前一天将PD1-27(PD1过表达CHO-K1稳转细胞)铺至用于检测培养的细胞板，次日封闭后加入梯度稀释的抗体，洗涤再加入anti-mouse-EU，然后洗涤加入荧光增强液，读数即可，拟合出反应曲线，结果如图3所示，计算出其细胞结合活性EC50为87.80ng/mL。
D、细胞抑制活性
提前一天将PD1-27(PD1过表达CHO-K1稳转细胞)铺至用于检测培养的细胞板，次日封闭后加入梯度稀释的抗体，再加入PD1-Fc，洗涤加入anti-Human-EU，然后洗涤加入荧光增强液，拟合出反应曲线，结果如图4所示，计算出其细胞抑制活性IC50为284.1ng/mL。
E、MLR实验
将磁珠分选出来的CD4+T细胞和DC细胞以一定比例混合铺板，再加入不同浓度的anti-PD1鼠单抗，培养5天后，用试剂盒检测IFN-γ的浓度，结果如图5所示，anti-PD1鼠单抗能显著促进IFN-γ的表达
实施例二鼠源抗体人源化及亲和力成熟
2.1鼠源抗体基因获取
采用Purelink RNA Micro kit提取mouse anti-PD-1杂交瘤总RNA，之后用PrimeScriptTMII 1st Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit逆转录总RNA制备cDNA。分别用Leader primer扩增抗体的重链及轻链可变区，反应体系及PCR条件分别如表2和表3所示。
表2鼠源抗体基因cDNA PCR反应体系
试剂名称 添加体积
10×Buffer 5μL
10μM dNTP Mix 1μL
50mM MgSO4 2μL
上下游引物 各1μL
cDNA模板 1μL
Taq 0.2μL
ddH2O up to 50μL
表3鼠源抗体基因cDNA PCR反应条件
Figure PCTCN2016084644-appb-000003
电泳分析PCR结果，在有扩增产物的反应管中加入0.5μl LA Taq酶，72℃反应10min。之后进行酶连，反应体系如表4所示。
表4酶连反应体系
Figure PCTCN2016084644-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2016084644-appb-000005
酶连完成后转化，挑克隆，保种，得到鼠源抗人PD-1抗体。测序后，得到其重链可变区核酸序列和氨基酸序列分别如SEQ ID NO：1和2所示，轻链可变区核酸序列和氨基酸序列分别如SEQ ID NO：3和4所示。
2.2人源化设计
分析鼠源抗体序列，与人胚系(germ line)基因比对，最终确定重链FR1模板来源于HM855688(IGHV3-21*04)，重链FR2模板来源于L06614(IGHV3-30*07)，重链FR3模板来源于M77327(IGHV3-30*15)，并确定轻链的人源化模板为X63397(IGKV2-28*01)。通过CDR-grafting，将重链和轻链的CDR并置到构架序列，构建人源化抗体，基因合成人源化抗体可变区的片段。得到其重链可变区核酸序列如SEQ ID NO：5所示，轻链可变区核酸序列如SEQ ID NO：6所示。
2.3抗体库构建
分析鼠源抗体CDR的DNA序列，确定可变区CDR中的突变位点。设计引物序列，将突变位点所在的位置设计为NNS，使之编码任意的氨基酸。以人源化抗体scFv为模板，PCR扩增scFv抗体库，将scFv的抗体库，通过sfiI酶切位点，构建到噬菌体质粒中，构建二级抗体库。
2.4抗体库筛选
然后通过噬菌体展示进行高亲和力抗体筛选，具体方法如下：
A、通过电转化，将含scFv的抗体库的噬菌体质粒转化到大肠杆菌TG1中，经过37℃，220rpm，1h的恢复后，将辅助噬菌体(helper phage)加入到剩余的菌液中，另加入氨苄西林，37℃，220rpm，1h。2500rpm×5min离心去上清，用2×YT-AK培养基吹悬菌泥，37℃，220rpm过夜培养；
B、包被抗原：用包被缓冲液稀释PD1-Fc-His，混匀加入到免疫管中，4℃包被过夜；
C、重组噬菌体收集：上述过夜培养菌液，2500rpm×5min离心，收集上清10ml，加入2ml PEG/NaCl，混匀放置冰上30-60min，10000g×20min离心，去上清，用2×YT培养基溶解噬菌体库；
D、封闭：免疫管用PBS洗两次，加入封闭液，室温1h。另外，取等体积封闭液与噬菌体库混合，室温封闭10-15min；
E、孵育噬菌体库：免疫管用PBS洗2次，加入封闭好的噬菌体库，37℃培养箱2-3h；
F、洗脱：取100μl TG1菌液(前一天接种)到10ml 2×YT中，37℃，220rpm培养到A600值0.4-0.5。用PBST洗涤免疫管8次，再用PBS洗2次，加入5ml对数期生长的菌液，37℃，220rpm，1h；
G、OUTPUT：稀释上述菌液至10-1、10-2，分别取100ul涂平板；
H、下一轮筛选：取200μl helper phage加入到5ml洗脱后的菌液中，同时加入5μl氨苄西林，37℃，220rpm，1h。2500rpm×5min离心去上清，用10ml 2×YT-AK吹悬菌泥，37℃，220rpm过夜培养。
重复步骤B-H。
经过三轮筛选，挑选单克隆，制备重组噬菌体，通过Phage ELISA方法，检测重组噬菌体活性，具体如下：
A、包被hPD-1-FC，4℃过夜；
B、PBST洗两次，加入phage上清，25℃，1h；
C、PBST洗三次，加入稀释的anti-M13-biotinAb，25℃，1h；
D、PBST洗三次，加入稀释的HRP-streptavidin，25℃，1h；
E、PBST洗三次，加入预热的TMB，25℃，10min，加入1M H2SO4中止反应，OD450检测吸光值。挑选阳性克隆，送测序，通过PCR，重链可变区或轻链可变区拼接至其对应的人源抗体的恒定区序列，扩增的抗体重链和轻链全长片段(包含信号肽)分别克隆入pcDNA3.1GS。共转染轻链质粒、重链质粒至EXPI 293细胞株，培养7天后，用Protein A(GE)纯化上清，最终获得亲和力成熟抗体。亲和力成熟抗体分别进行Elisa结合活性、Elisa抑制活性和Cell结合活性检测。
A、ELISA结合活性
包被PD1-His在板上，加入梯度稀释的抗体，孵育洗涤后，再加入羊抗鼠-HRP，显色，读数拟合出反应曲线，结果如图6所示，计算出EC50值，其与hPD-1结合活性EC50为6.094ng/mL。
B、ELISA抑制活性
梯度稀释的抗体和一定浓度的PD1-Fc-His预先孵育，再将混合物加入到包被PD1-Fc的板上，孵育洗涤后再加入anti-His-HRP，显色，读数拟合出反应曲线，结果如图7所示，计算IC50值，其抑制活性IC50为406.1nM。
C、细胞结合活性
提前一天将PD1-27(PD1过表达CHO-K1稳转细胞)铺至用于检测培养的细胞板，次日封闭后加入梯度稀释的抗体，洗涤再加入anti-mouse-EU，然后洗涤加入荧光增强液，读数即可，拟合出反应曲线，结果如图8所示，计算出其细胞抑制活性IC50为103.2ng/mL。
2.5抗体筛选结果
经过三轮筛选，挑选单克隆76个进行检测，选择其中40个克隆测序，结果显示，克隆序列与原始的人源化抗体可变区序列一致。将人源化抗体可变区序列与人源抗体的恒定区序列拼接，形式全抗体序列，构建表达质粒P3.1GS-hup01-HC和P3.1GS-hup01-LC，瞬转293细胞制备抗体并检测抗体活性。
anti-PD-1重链核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列分别如SEQ ID NO：7和8所示。其中，重链可变区核苷酸序列为：
Figure PCTCN2016084644-appb-000006
横线部分分别为CDR1、CDR2、CDR3，其序列编号分别为SEQ ID NO：9-11；未划横线部分分别为FR1、FR2、FR3、FR4，其序列编号分别为SEQ ID NO：12-15。
对应的，重链可变区氨基酸序列为：
Figure PCTCN2016084644-appb-000007
横线部分分别为CDR1、CDR2、CDR3，其序列编号分别为SEQ ID NO：17-19；未划横线部分分别为FR1、FR2、FR3、FR4，其序列编号分别为SEQ ID NO：20-23。
anti-PD-1轻链核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列分别如SEQ ID NO：24和25所示。其中，轻链可变区核苷酸序列为：
Figure PCTCN2016084644-appb-000008
横线部分分别为CDR1、CDR2、CDR3，其序列编号分别为SEQ ID NO：27-29；未划横线部分分别为FR1、FR2、FR3、FR4，其序列编号分别为SEQ ID NO：30-33。
对应的，轻链可变区氨基酸序列为：
Figure PCTCN2016084644-appb-000009
横线部分分别为CDR1、CDR2、CDR3，其序列编号分别为SEQ ID NO：35-37；未划横线部分分别为FR1、FR2、FR3、FR4，其序列编号分别为SEQ ID NO：38-41。
实施例三人源化抗体表达质粒构建
以P3.1GS-hup01-HC和P3.1GS-hup01-LC为模板，通过PCR扩增全长抗体 重链片段和轻链片段，构建人源化抗体表达质粒。
轻链和重链上下游引物、反应体系及PCR条件如表5、表6和表7所示。
表5人源化抗体轻链和重链PCR反应的上下游引物
Figure PCTCN2016084644-appb-000010
表6人源化抗体轻链和重链PCR反应体系
试剂名称 添加体积
重链/轻链模板 1μL
5×Buffer 10μL
2.5μM dNTP Mix 4μL
上下游引物(10μM) 各1μL
Taq 0.5μL
ddH2O up to 50μL
表7人源化抗体轻链和重链PCR反应条件
Figure PCTCN2016084644-appb-000011
用PCR产物回收试剂盒回收轻链、重链的全长序列。对抗体片段轻链、重 链以及质粒分别进行双酶切，电泳后胶回收抗体酶切和质粒酶切片段，之后对片段进行酶连。酶连之后的人源化抗体表达质粒命名为P3.1GS-PD-1。反应体系如表8-表10所示。
表8人源化抗体轻链和重链双酶切反应体系
Figure PCTCN2016084644-appb-000012
表9表达质粒双酶切反应体系
Figure PCTCN2016084644-appb-000013
表10抗体片段与表达质粒片段酶连反应体系
Figure PCTCN2016084644-appb-000014
将上述酶连产物加入到100μL XL1-10感受态中，冰上30分钟，然后，42℃热击90秒，迅速放置冰上2分钟，接着加入500μL LB培养基，37℃摇床培养1小时，将菌液于4000rpm离心5分钟，弃500μL上清，用枪吹悬菌泥，涂布于含50μg/mL AMP的LB固体平板上，37℃过夜培养。挑单菌落到5mL LB液 体培养基(50μg/mL AMP)，37℃ 250rpm培养6小时，PCR验证克隆，用15％灭菌甘油保藏阳性菌种，每个克隆2根，取一份冻存管送测序，另一份保存-20℃。
实施例四稳定细胞系构建
人源化抗体表达质粒P3.1GS-PD-1，转染前采用PvuⅠ对其进行线性化；采用电转染的方法，将含有人源化抗体轻链、重链基因的线性化质粒转染至CHO-KSM4，转染了四次，将转染后的细胞分别命名为20150703T，20150704T，20150708T及20150714T。
转染后撤谷氨酰氨进行加压筛选，其中20150708T及20150714T待转染细胞恢复2天后进行加压铺板。培养约30-40天后，96孔板可观察到克隆长出，此时进行产量鉴定。将高产克隆转移并扩增培养。待细胞数目达到2×106cells/mL左右接种进行补料分批培养，培养结束后收获上清进行产量鉴定，获得备选母克隆。而20150703T及20150704T的母克隆由半固体铺板方法筛选获得。将高产的克隆开展亚克隆筛选：半固体铺板，6孔板每孔3000-5000个细胞，培养基2.5mL，铺板后置于37℃、5％CO2静置培养，培养7-12天可挑选单克隆。将挑选的单克隆进行产量鉴定，获得备选克隆。
通过补料筛选获得高产细胞株，摇瓶补料方案为：采用CDM4CHO为基础培养基进行接种，接种密度为5×105cells/mL，接种后置于37℃、5％CO2、120rpm培养，接种当天记为第0天，培养至第3天开始补加70g/L的cell Boost 5，每天补加接种体积的6％直至细胞收获。根据补料筛选结果，选择不同转染中相对高产的细胞株建立PCB，冻存保种，并进行传代稳定性研究。表达的抗体名anti-PD-1。
实施例五抗体的结合特异性和结合动力学比较
采用Biacore分析实施例四中的细胞株表达抗体的亲和力及结合动力学。利用标准胺偶联化学和由Biacore提供的试剂盒，经伯胺将羊抗人IgG共价连接至CM5芯片。将抗体以30μL/min的流速在HBS EP缓冲液中流动而测量结合。结合时间300秒，解离时间7200秒。测定的ka、kd和KD值如表11所示。
表11人源化抗体anti-PD-1的结合动力学结果
样品 ka(1/Ms) kd(1/s) KD(M)
anti-PD-1 4.567×104 1.926×10-5 4.218×10-10
实施例六抗体在混合淋巴细胞反应中对细胞因子分泌的影响
先用PBS缓冲液1:1稀释血液，移取3mL的LSM至离心管内，加入稀释过的血液4mL，注意加入的时候，确保使稀释后的血液至于LSM的上层，不可混匀。400g，RT离心30-40min。最后吸出分离出的上层的PBMC，100g离心10min。BD公司CD4+细胞分离磁珠分离CD4+T细胞，使用BD公司DC细胞分离磁珠分离DC细胞。96孔板每孔CD4+T细胞数量1×105，DC数量1×104，体积共计100μL共培养。加入梯度稀释的抗体，培养5天后检测IFN-γ，IL-2的浓度。
结果分别如图9和图10所示，抗体能有效的促进混合淋巴细胞分泌IFN-γ和IL-2。
实施例七抗体在血清中的稳定性
用猴血清稀释人源化抗体anti-PD-1，浓度为0.5mg/mL。37℃分别放置0天、1天、4天、7天。
重组人PD-1融合蛋白以0.5μg/mL的浓度在包被缓冲液中4℃过夜。次日弃去孔内溶液用PBST洗两次。然后加入1％BSA，37℃封闭1小时然后用PBST洗两次。稳定性抗体样品以1μg/mL起始依次进行3倍稀释共8个浓度梯度，37℃孵育1小时，PBST洗三次。用羊抗人FAB-HRP，1:10000稀释，37℃孵育1小时，PBST洗三次。加入TMB显色15min，以0.5M的H2SO4中止反应并在450nm读出吸光度。
结果如图11所示，人源化抗体anti-PD-1显示出了良好的血清稳定性，7天之内均未显示明显的活性衰减。
实施例八ELISA测定与人CD28、CTLA-4的结合特异性及与不同物种的PD-1蛋白的结合
测试重组CD28家族成员重组人CD28、重组人CTLA-4、重组鼠PD-1、重 组食蟹猴PD-1、重组人PD-1蛋白与抗体结合。不同蛋白以0.5μg/mL的浓度在包被缓冲液中4℃过夜。次日弃去孔内溶液用PBST洗两次。然后加入1％BSA，37℃封闭1小时然后用PBST洗两次。加入0.5μg/mL抗体样品，孵育1小时，PBST洗三次。用羊抗人FAB-HRP，1:10000稀释，37℃孵育1小时，PBST洗三次。加入TMB显色15min，以0.5M的H2SO4中止反应并在450nm读出吸光度。
结果如图12所示，抗体不结合CD28家族其它成员。抗体以类似的亲和力结合人和食蟹猴重组PD-1蛋白。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，并不用于限制本发明，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和变型，这些改进和变型也应视为本发明的保护范

Claims (14)

  1. 一种抗人PD-1人源化单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分，其特征在于：包括选自于如下一组的CDR区：
    重链CDR1、CDR2、CDR3的序列分别如SEQ ID NO：17-19所示，轻链CDR1、CDR2、CDR3的序列分别如SEQ ID NO：35-37所示，或与上述序列结合相同抗原表位的序列。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的抗人PD-1人源化单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分，其特征在于：还包括选自于如下的重链可变区框架区：FR1、FR2、FR3、FR4的序列分别如SEQ ID NO：20-23所示，或分别与上述序列的同一性大于70％、80％、85％、90％、95％、99％的序列。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的抗人PD-1人源化单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分，其特征在于：其重链的序列如SEQ ID NO：8所示。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的抗人PD-1人源化单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分，其特征在于：还包括选自于如下的轻链可变区框架区：FR1、FR2、FR3、FR4的序列分别如SEQ ID NO：38-41所示，或分别与上述序列的同一性大于70％、80％、85％、90％、95％、99％的序列。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的抗人PD-1人源化单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分，其特征在于：其轻链的序列如SEQ ID NO：25所示。
  6. 一种核酸分子，其特征在于：其包含能够编码抗体重链可变区的核酸序列，所述重链可变区包含选自如下一组的氨基酸序列：
    (1)SEQ ID NO：17-19；
    (2)与前述(1)序列相比满足以下二者中至少一个的序列：a)结合相同抗原表位；b)同一性大于70％、80％、85％、90％或97％。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的核酸分子，其特征在于：所述重链可变区包含选自如下一组的氨基酸序列：
    SEQ ID NO：16，或与前述序列相比满足以下三者中至少一个的序列：a)结合相同抗原表位、b)同一性大于70％、80％、85％、90％或97％、c)与前述序列框架区中含有一个到几个核苷酸的替换。
  8. 一种核酸分子，其特征在于：其包含能够编码抗体轻链可变区的核酸序列，所述轻链可变区包含选自如下一组的氨基酸序列：
    (1)SEQ ID NO：35-37；
    (2)与前述(1)序列相比满足以下二者中至少一个的序列：a)结合相同抗原表位；b)同一性大于70％、80％、85％、90％或97％。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的核酸分子，其特征在于：所述轻链可变区包含选自如下一组的氨基酸序列：
    SEQ ID NO：34，或与前述序列相比满足以下三者中至少一个的序列：a)结合相同抗原表位、b)同一性大于70％、80％、85％、90％或97％、c)与前述序列框架区中含有一个到几个核苷酸的替换。
  10. 一种载体，其特征在于：其含有权利要求6-9任一项的核酸分子。
  11. 一种宿主细胞，其特征在于：其含有权利要求6-9任一项的核酸分子或权利要求10的载体。
  12. 一种偶联物，其特征在于：其含有权利要求1-5任一项的抗人PD-1人源化单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分，以及其它生物活性物质，所述抗人PD-1人源化单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分直接或通过连接片段与其它生物活性物质偶联。
  13. 一种组合物，其特征在于：其含有权利要求1-5任一项的抗人PD-1人源化单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分、权利要求6-9的核酸分子、权利要求10的载体、权利要求11的宿主细胞、或者权利要求12的偶联物，以及任选的药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂，以及任选的其它生物活性物质。
  14. 权利要求1-5任一项的抗人PD-1人源化单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分、权利要求6-9的核酸分子、权利要求10的载体、权利要求11的宿主细胞、权利要求12的偶联物、或者权利要求13的组合物用于制备预防或治疗肿瘤、免疫系统相关疾病(T细胞功能障碍)、微生物或病毒引起的感染的用途。
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