WO2017194150A1 - Silencieux pour une arme à feu - Google Patents
Silencieux pour une arme à feu Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017194150A1 WO2017194150A1 PCT/EP2016/060794 EP2016060794W WO2017194150A1 WO 2017194150 A1 WO2017194150 A1 WO 2017194150A1 EP 2016060794 W EP2016060794 W EP 2016060794W WO 2017194150 A1 WO2017194150 A1 WO 2017194150A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- damper insert
- silencer
- muffler
- damper
- insert
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
- F41A21/00—Barrels; Gun tubes; Muzzle attachments; Barrel mounting means
- F41A21/30—Silencers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
- F41A21/00—Barrels; Gun tubes; Muzzle attachments; Barrel mounting means
- F41A21/28—Gas-expansion chambers; Barrels provided with gas-relieving ports
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
- F41A21/00—Barrels; Gun tubes; Muzzle attachments; Barrel mounting means
- F41A21/32—Muzzle attachments or glands
- F41A21/325—Mountings for muzzle attachments
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41C—SMALLARMS, e.g. PISTOLS, RIFLES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- F41C3/00—Pistols, e.g. revolvers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a silencer for a firearm, in particular handgun, a damper insert for a silencer of a firearm and a firearm with a silencer according to the invention.
- handgun is understood to be a handgun, such as a recoil loader, gas pressure loader, pistol, etc.
- the invention is described using the example of a handgun, although the present invention is not limited thereto and can be used with long weapons.
- mufflers usually work so that the hot gases emerging from the barrel of the weapon are cooled by the muffler and / or slowed down or relaxed by swirling. It is advantageous here if the muffler is connected to the barrel of the weapon via a thread or the like, so that the muffler is arranged largely gas-tight on the barrel. Between the barrel and the silencer so no gases can escape, which can affect the damping performance. On the other hand, if the muffler is not fixed firmly to the barrel of the weapon, backlogged gases between the barrel and the muffler can emerge from the muffler in a disadvantageous manner and thus cause an unwanted sound pressure.
- Mufflers usually have a muffler housing and arranged in the muffler housing damper insert.
- a known from the prior art damper insert is shown in Fig. 1.
- the damper insert 60 has a rigid structure that has a plurality of fins 61. In the slat len 61 holes 62 may be arranged.
- known from the prior art damper inserts 60 may have a different rigid structure.
- a sturdy material, for example metal must be used for the damper insert 60.
- the mounted in the front end of the weapon muffler therefore leads to a mostly unfavorable shift of the overall center of gravity of the weapon.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a silencer for a firearm which at least partially avoids the disadvantages known from the prior art and which has a significantly lower weight than the silencers known from the prior art, and also without the muffler to be supplied additives, such as water, the desired damping effect achieved.
- a silencer for a firearm in particular a handgun, is provided
- a muffler housing with a rear end wall, which faces a gun barrel of the firearm when used the muffler, and one of the rear end wall opposite front end wall, wherein in the rear end wall, a first opening and in the front end wall, a second opening are provided between the two openings a shot channel runs, and
- At least one gas expansion chamber is formed, which is connected to the firing channel, wherein in at least one of the at least one gas expansion chamber, the at least one damper insert is arranged, and wherein the at least one damper insert has a stable and a high open porosity material having.
- “stable” or “stable material” means that the damper insert has a high specific rigidity and strength despite the high open porosity.
- An advantage of the silencer according to the invention compared to silencers known from the prior art is that the damper insert due to the high open porosity has a significantly lower weight than damper inserts of the known from the prior art silencer.
- the specific gravity of the damper insert according to the invention can even be significantly below the specific gravity of water.
- the total weight of the muffler can be significantly reduced so that the muffler according to the invention is also suitable for firearms with a moving barrel.
- the damper insert of the silencer according to the invention has a significantly larger surface area than a damper insert of a silencer known from the prior art. With a corresponding pore density, the surface of the damper insert of the silencer according to the invention more than l .OOOmal be greater than the surface of a damper insert of a known from the prior art muffler.
- the hot gases emerging from the barrel and entering the silencer fixed relative to the barrel can be cooled extremely rapidly, so that the pressure of the explosive gases present in the silencer is reduced to such an extent that almost no backlogged gases escape between the barrel and the silencer. Should gas nevertheless escape between the barrel and the silencer, this is done at a considerably reduced speed, which no longer results in any sound pressure.
- a still further advantage of the muffler according to the invention is that due to the high open porosity of the material of the muffler insert, a first shot or first firing effect (first-round-pop) does not occur.
- the muffler according to the invention thus already develops the full damping power during the first shot. It is advantageous if the material of the damper insert is selected from the group comprising
- Metal in particular aluminum, copper, zinc, nickel, iron or combinations thereof,
- damping inserts can be produced particularly advantageously with these materials, which in addition to the high specific rigidity and strength also have a high open porosity and open-cell structure and at the same time have a very low specific density.
- the material of the damper insert may be foamed.
- foamed For example, open cell and high open porosity metal foams, ceramic foams, carbon foams or combinations thereof may be used to make the damper insert.
- the damper insert has a pore density of between 5 ppi (pores per inch) and 200 ppi, preferably between 10 ppi and 100 ppi.
- the surface can be maximized while ensuring that the high specific stiffness and strength of the damper insert are maintained with the mentioned materials. It is particularly advantageous if the pores or cavities formed in the damper insert are thus in communication with one another and with the environment, the gas expanding in the muffler housing or in the at least one gas expansion chamber is at least partially taken up by the muffler insert during an expansion phase and thereby slowed down and / or cooled down.
- the gas expanding in the muffler housing or in the at least one gas expansion chamber is at least partially taken up by the muffler insert during an expansion phase and thereby slowed down and / or cooled down.
- an open-cell material structure is provided which has an even higher specific surface area and an even lower specific gravity, whereby the expanding gas can flow through the damper insert.
- the size and weight of the muffler can be further reduced. At the same size of the muffler, however, the damping power can be further increased.
- At least some of the channels can be interconnected.
- the damper insert is detachably arranged in the silencer housing.
- the damper insert can be removed for cleaning purposes, for example, from the muffler housing. It has also been shown that the damper insert according to the invention can be cleaned particularly easily under running water or in a conventional dishwasher.
- the firing channel of the muffler may be at least partially formed in the damper insert.
- Exactly one gas expansion chamber can be formed in the muffler housing of the muffler, with exactly one muffler insert being arranged in this one gas expansion chamber.
- a firearm in particular a handgun, comprising a silencer according to the invention.
- a damper insert for a silencer of a firearm in particular a handgun
- the damper insert is adapted to be disposed in a muffler housing of the muffler, the damper insert having a stable and high open porosity and / or an open-cell Having structure having material.
- the material of the damper insert may be selected from the group comprising
- Metal in particular aluminum, copper, zinc, nickel, iron or combinations thereof,
- the material of the damper insert can be foamed.
- the damper insert may have a pore density of between 5 ppi and 200 ppi, preferably between 10 ppi and 100 ppi.
- the pores or cavities formed in the damper insert can thus communicate with one another and with the environment in such a way that a gas expanding in the silencer housing at least during an expansion phase partially absorbed by the damper insert and thereby slowed down and / or cooled.
- the damper insert can have channels which are open on one or both sides, and in an advantageous embodiment at least some of the channels can be interconnected.
- a firing channel may be formed.
- the damper insert can be designed in one piece.
- a stable material with a high open porosity and / or open-cell structure is provided as a damper insert for a silencer of a firearm, in particular a handgun.
- this may be selected from the group comprising
- Metal in particular aluminum, copper, zinc, nickel, iron or combinations thereof,
- the material When using the material according to the invention for a damper insert, the material may be foamed.
- the material has a pore density of between 5 ppi and 200 ppi, preferably between 10 ppi and 100 ppi.
- the pores or cavities formed in the material can thus be interconnected and communicating with the environment that the material at least partially receives a gas expanding in a muffler housing during an expansion phase and thereby slows down and / or cools the intake gas.
- a silencer for a firearm may include
- a muffler housing with a rear end wall the intended use of the muffler is a gun barrel of the firearm is turned, and one of the rear end wall opposite front end wall, wherein in the rear end wall, a first opening and in the front end wall, a second opening are provided , wherein between the two openings a shot channel runs, and
- closure device which has a closure flap and an adjusting means cooperating with the closure flap
- closure flap is arranged inside the silencer housing and is pivotably mounted about a pivot axis, wherein the closure flap with the adjusting means between a first pivot position, in which the closure flap closes the first opening largely gas-tight, and a second pivot position, in which the closure flap completely outside Schusskanals is, is pivotable.
- the shutter prevents the hot gas entering the muffler housing from escaping from the muffler housing between the muffler and the barrel.
- the closure mechanism or the closure device is designed such that the closure flap closes the first opening in a gastight manner only when the gas emerging from the barrel has been almost completely absorbed by the muffler housing.
- a muffler with such a closure device can be used advantageously for firearms, in which the muffler is not firmly connected to the barrel.
- the adjusting means may be arranged in the rear end wall and be movable in the axial direction relative to the muffler housing, wherein the actuating means protrudes on the one hand from the rear end wall and on the other hand projects into the interior of the muffler housing, wherein a movement of the actuating means pivoting the shutter in the second pivot position causes.
- closure flap is associated with a return means which is adapted to pivot the closure flap from the second pivot position into the first pivot position.
- the adjusting means is adapted to cooperate with a front end portion, in particular barrel, closure or a relative to the handle axially movable part, the firearm.
- the adjusting means is moved in the axial direction into the interior of the muffler housing and thereby causes a pivoting of the closure flap in the second pivot position.
- the adjusting means is thereby pressed into the interior of the silencer housing, so that the adjusting means brings the closing flap into the second pivoting position, in which the closing flap is arranged completely outside the firing channel.
- the barrel, shutter, or member axially movable relative to the handle moves rearwardly so that the return means can bring the shutter to the first pivot position at which the shutter opens the first opening in the rear end wall gastight closes.
- the adjusting means is moved in the axial direction to the rear.
- the adjusting means may comprise a bolt.
- the return means may comprise a return spring.
- a silencer may comprise a damper insert according to the invention and a closure device according to the invention.
- a firearm in particular a handgun, may have a silencer which has a damper insert according to the invention and a closure device.
- Figure 2 shows a known from the prior art muffler, which operates on the so-called "wet principle”
- Figure 3 shows a damper insert according to the invention in longitudinal section.
- FIG. 4 shows a silencer according to the invention with a damper insert according to the invention in a longitudinal section
- FIG. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of a damper insert in a silencer
- Fig. 6 detailed views of a detail of a damper insert according to the invention.
- FIG. 7 shows a silencer with a closure device.
- FIG. 3 shows a damper insert according to the invention in a longitudinal section along the longitudinal axis LA.
- the damper insert 30 is designed in one piece here. But it can also be designed in several parts. The multi-part design is recommended when in the muffler housing 20 a plurality of separate gas expansion chambers are configured.
- the damper insert 30 comprises a material 30b having a high open porosity and an open-cell structure.
- the damper insert may be made of a metal, particularly aluminum, copper, zinc, nickel, iron, or combinations thereof, of a ceramic, of carbon, or combinations thereof.
- the high open porosity or open-cell structure can be produced by means of per se known foaming processes. Materials produced in this way have a low density due to pores and cavities and at the same time have a high specific stiffness and strength, whereby an extremely low weight of the damper insert is achieved. Due to the high open porosity and open-cell structure of the material, the damper insert has an extremely large surface area.
- damper inserts can be provided, whose surface is more than l .OOOmal larger than the surface of conventional damper inserts.
- the extremely large surface area makes it possible for the gases expanding in the expansion chamber of the silencer housing, on the one hand, to cool extremely quickly and, on the other hand, to be slowed down extremely quickly. Due to the open-cell structure of the material used, the expanding gas can flow through the material. Thus, the expanding gas can penetrate even faster and more uniformly in the damper insert 30, it is provided to provide channels 31 in the damper insert, which open into the firing channel 23, which may be formed in the damper insert 30.
- the channels 31 may also be interconnected via transverse channels.
- FIG. 4 shows a muffler 10 according to the invention with a muffler housing 20 and a muffler insert 30 arranged in the muffler housing 20.
- the silencer housing 20 has a rear end wall 21a, which, when the silencer is used as intended, faces the barrel of the weapon. Further, the muffler housing 20 has a front end wall 21b, which is opposite to the rear end wall 21a.
- each openings 22a, 22b formed, which are connected to each other via a firing channel 23.
- the firing channel 23 itself may in this case be formed in the damper insert 30, ie the firing channel 23 passes through the damper insert 30.
- the expanding hot gas passes via the opening 22a in the rear end wall 21a into the gas expansion chamber 25, which in the muffler housing 20 is formed. There, the further expanding hot gas is forced into the open-pore structure of the damper insert 30 and thereby cooled and slowed extremely fast.
- the silencer 10 according to the invention can also be used for weapons in which the silencer is not firmly connected to the gun barrel.
- the silencer according to the invention can also be used for weapons that have a movable or backward running gun. Because the gas cools extremely fast, it is largely guaranteed even with weapons with a returning gun barrel that escape almost no gas between the barrel and the muffler.
- the silencer has a fastening rail 15 on the rear end wall 21a with which the silencer can be detachably fastened to a grip piece of the weapon.
- the gun barrel can thus move independently of the muffler, which is particularly beneficial for weapons with a running backwards and downwards running.
- the muffler 10 according to the invention can also be attached to the barrel of a weapon, which have a returning and tipping barrel. Because of the extremely low specific density of the material of the damper insert, a particularly lightweight silencer can be provided, which influences the return speed of the barrel and thus the self-loading function of the weapon only insignificantly or not at all.
- FIG. 5 An inventive muffler 10, which can be attached to a gun barrel, in particular also on a gun barrel of a firearm, which has a returning and tipping barrel, is shown in Fig. 5.
- a damper insert 30 according to the invention is arranged in the silencer housing 20, the shot channel 23 also being formed here in the damper insert 30.
- the Damper insert 30 also has a plurality of radially extending channels 31 in order to transport the gas expanding in the gas expansion chamber as quickly as possible into the peripheral regions of the damper insert.
- damper inserts weighing less than 250 grams to less than 50 grams can be produced.
- the total weight of the muffler is essentially determined by the muffler housing 20.
- the size of the silencer can be significantly reduced while maintaining the damper properties, which in turn leads to a reduced total weight of the silencer.
- the silencer housing 20 can be made of a lighter material at least in sections, so that the total weight of the silencer can be further reduced, the material of the silencer housing 20 must do not have the stability of the materials of conventional muffler housing, because the gas expanding in the gas expansion chamber gas cools much faster than conventional mufflers and the pressure also drops significantly faster.
- FIG. 6 shows in Figure (a) a section of a material used for a damper insert according to the invention having a pore density of 25 ppi and in Figure (b) a section of a material 30b for a damper insert according to the invention with a pore density of 90 ppi.
- the pores or cavities are connected with each other and with the environment in such a way that the expanding gas can flow through the damper insert, so that in the Compared to conventional damper inserts also inside, not visible from the outside portions of the damper insert effectively contribute to the damping.
- FIG. 7 shows a silencer with a silencer housing and with a closure device, wherein in figure (a) the entire silencer relative to the front end portion of a weapon, in Figure (c) the silencer in the region of the rear end wall with the closure device in a first pivot position and in Figure (b) the rear end wall of the muffler housing are shown with a closure device in a second pivot position.
- the silencer housing 20 has a first opening 22a in the rear end wall 21a and a second opening 22b in the front end wall 21b, between which a firing channel 23 is formed.
- a closure device 40 is arranged with which the opening 22a can be closed in a gastight manner.
- the closure device 40 is opened so that the projectile can pass through the shot channel 23 unhindered.
- the rear opening 22a is closed by means of the closure device 40, so that the hot gases that have entered the muffler housing can no longer escape through the rear opening 22a and thus be forced to expand further in the muffler housing and continue to cool there.
- a closure device 40 is shown, which is in a second closed position or pivot position S2.
- the closure device consists of a closure flap 41 and an adjusting means 42 cooperating with the closure flap 41.
- the closure flap 41 is arranged in the interior of the muffler housing 20 and can be pivoted about a pivot axis 43 stored.
- the adjusting means 42 is mounted axially displaceably in the rear end wall 21a.
- the adjusting means 22 cooperates with a front end portion 50, for example the closure piece 51 of the weapon.
- the fastener 51 of the weapon is shown in a pre-discharge position.
- the closure piece 51 rests against the rear end wall 21a of the muffler, so that the closure piece pushes the adjustment means 42 far into the interior of the muffler housing, thereby bringing the closure flap 41 into the second pivot position S2, in which the closure flap 41 is completely outside the firing channel 23 is located and thus ensures unhindered passage of the projectile upon delivery of the shot through the firing channel 23 therethrough.
- the shutter 21 moves back in the axial direction, thereby away from the rear end wall 21 a of the muffler 10, as shown in Figure (c).
- the adjusting means 42 is released or the adjusting means 42 is no longer pressed against the closure flap 41 by the closure piece 51.
- the closure flap 41 associated return means such as a return spring
- the closure flap 41 is brought from the second pivot position S2 in the first pivot position Sl, in which the closure flap 41 closes the opening 22a in the rear end wall 21a largely gas-tight.
- the closing flap 41 By pivoting the closing flap 41 from the second pivoting position S2 into the first pivoting position S1, the adjusting means 42 is moved rearwardly in the axial direction, so that the adjusting means 42 protrudes partially on the rear end wall 21a.
- the movement back of the closure piece 51 and thus the pivoting of the shutter 41 from the second pivot position S2 in the first pivot position Sl is due to the inertia of the closure piece 51 with a certain, albeit minimal delay, which is sufficient to allow the explosion gases can emerge from the barrel of the weapon after delivery of the shot and can enter the muffler housing 20 before the shutter 41 completely closes the rear opening 22a. After closing the rear opening 22a by the shutter 41 no gas exits at this opening. Backlogged gases remain inside the muffler, where they are cooled and slowed down.
- the closure piece 21 After ejection of the cartridge case and after reloading, the closure piece 21 again moves axially forward until it again assumes the position shown in FIG. (B) and the closure device 40 releases the rear opening 22a again.
- the silencer with a closure device 40 shown in FIG. 7 can also be used in combination with the abovementioned damper insert according to the invention.
- the muffler 10 shown in Fig. 7 with a closure device 40 is particularly suitable for weapons with a returning barrel, where the muffler can not be attached to the barrel.
- the provision of closure device 40 ensures that virtually no gas escapes between the muffler and the barrel of the weapon, which could generate a sound pressure.
- the closure flap 41 only has to remain closed until the explosion gases have been cooled to a predetermined temperature or until the explosion gases have slowed below a certain speed, at which the escaping gases no longer cause any sound pressure.
- damper medium e.g. Water (prior art)
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Helmets And Other Head Coverings (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP16722237.1A EP3455578B1 (fr) | 2016-05-12 | 2016-05-12 | Silencieux pour une arme à feu |
PCT/EP2016/060794 WO2017194150A1 (fr) | 2016-05-12 | 2016-05-12 | Silencieux pour une arme à feu |
BR112018073292-3A BR112018073292B1 (pt) | 2016-05-12 | 2016-05-12 | Silenciador para uma arma de fogo |
US16/189,245 US20190128632A1 (en) | 2016-05-12 | 2018-11-13 | Silencer for a firearm |
ZA2018/08037A ZA201808037B (en) | 2016-05-12 | 2018-11-28 | Silencer for a firearm |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2016/060794 WO2017194150A1 (fr) | 2016-05-12 | 2016-05-12 | Silencieux pour une arme à feu |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US16/189,245 Continuation US20190128632A1 (en) | 2016-05-12 | 2018-11-13 | Silencer for a firearm |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2017194150A1 true WO2017194150A1 (fr) | 2017-11-16 |
Family
ID=55967299
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2016/060794 WO2017194150A1 (fr) | 2016-05-12 | 2016-05-12 | Silencieux pour une arme à feu |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20190128632A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3455578B1 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR112018073292B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2017194150A1 (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA201808037B (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11268776B1 (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2022-03-08 | F.M. Products Inc | Expansion chamber assembly and a method of manufacturing the same |
US11092399B2 (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2021-08-17 | Centre Firearms Co., Inc. | Monolithic noise suppression device with cooling features |
US11353277B2 (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2022-06-07 | Battle Born Supply Co. | Sound suppressor |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1999004215A1 (fr) * | 1997-07-17 | 1999-01-28 | Ultramet | Suppresseur de lueur de depart |
EP1764577A1 (fr) | 2005-09-15 | 2007-03-21 | Gaston Glock | Silencieux |
US20140076136A1 (en) * | 2012-08-10 | 2014-03-20 | Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc | Firearm suppressor having enhanced thermal management for rapid heat dissipation |
US20150354422A1 (en) * | 2014-06-09 | 2015-12-10 | Emporeum Plastics, LLC | Porous Matrix Sound Suppressor |
-
2016
- 2016-05-12 BR BR112018073292-3A patent/BR112018073292B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2016-05-12 EP EP16722237.1A patent/EP3455578B1/fr active Active
- 2016-05-12 WO PCT/EP2016/060794 patent/WO2017194150A1/fr unknown
-
2018
- 2018-11-13 US US16/189,245 patent/US20190128632A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-11-28 ZA ZA2018/08037A patent/ZA201808037B/en unknown
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1999004215A1 (fr) * | 1997-07-17 | 1999-01-28 | Ultramet | Suppresseur de lueur de depart |
EP1764577A1 (fr) | 2005-09-15 | 2007-03-21 | Gaston Glock | Silencieux |
US20140076136A1 (en) * | 2012-08-10 | 2014-03-20 | Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc | Firearm suppressor having enhanced thermal management for rapid heat dissipation |
US20150354422A1 (en) * | 2014-06-09 | 2015-12-10 | Emporeum Plastics, LLC | Porous Matrix Sound Suppressor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR112018073292B1 (pt) | 2022-06-28 |
ZA201808037B (en) | 2019-08-28 |
EP3455578B1 (fr) | 2022-08-17 |
EP3455578A1 (fr) | 2019-03-20 |
US20190128632A1 (en) | 2019-05-02 |
BR112018073292A2 (pt) | 2019-02-19 |
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