WO2017186146A1 - 药食用真菌的果蔬培养及益生菌发酵 - Google Patents
药食用真菌的果蔬培养及益生菌发酵 Download PDFInfo
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- “fermentation” refers to a process in which a microorganism is inoculated in a plant or a fruit thereof, a stem or the like, and the like. Due to the life activities of microorganisms, carbohydrates can be converted into substances such as alcohols and organic acids, and components (such as nutrients) contained in plants can be changed, for example, they are more easily released, more active, or become more beneficial to the human body. The form of absorption.
- the fruit and vegetable medium described herein consists of one or more fruits, one or more vegetables, or a mixture of one or more fruits and one or more vegetables.
- the number of fruits and/or vegetables in the medium is not limited.
- a mixture of as few as 3 and up to 16 fruits and vegetables was tried to prepare the medium, and as a result, various activity indexes were detected, indicating good growth of the large fungus. Therefore, under the premise of no counter-example, the fruit and vegetable culture medium of the present invention can be prepared according to any combination of fruits and vegetables which can be obtained in the local season, or can be combined with any combination of various fruits and vegetables which can be obtained at different times in different regions. preparation.
- the fruit and vegetable medium described herein may be adjusted to an optimum range suitable for growth of the inoculated strain by adding a food pH adjuster such as edible vinegar or edible sodium hydroxide solution, the optimum range. It is the optimum pH range for the corresponding species known in the art. For example, for the cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum and Cordyceps, it may be pH 5.0 to 8.0.
- the growth of the fruit and vegetable of the large fungus described herein is carried out within the optimum growth temperature range of the large fungus, which is the optimum growth temperature range of the corresponding species known in the art. For example, it is 7 to 30 ° C, preferably 18 to 28 ° C.
- the fruit and vegetable cultivation of the large fungus described herein can be carried out in the form of a stirred tank, in which case the speed of the fermenting tank can also be based on the characteristics of the selected strains by those skilled in the art. It is determined, for example, from 50 to 250 rpm, preferably from 90 to 180 rpm.
- the large fungus described herein is Cordyceps militaris.
- the present application also relates to a fermentation method which combines fermentation of a large fungus with fermentation of a probiotic.
- the present application involves first performing fermentation of a large fungus followed by fermentation of the probiotic.
- the probiotic fermentation of the present application is carried out using yeast, lactobacilli, and Acetobacter.
- the probiotic fermentation of the present application is carried out in a stepwise manner.
- the mixed fermentation of the yeast and the lactobacillus is carried out first, followed by the fermentation of the Acetobacter.
- the above-mentioned macroscopic fungus culture product of the fungus is used as a culture medium, and the above-mentioned common probiotic bacteria are further inoculated for cultivation, and a large fungus-fruit and vegetable enzyme such as ganoderma lucidum-enzyme or cordyceps enzyme can be obtained.
- a large fungus-fruit and vegetable enzyme such as ganoderma lucidum-enzyme or cordyceps enzyme can be obtained.
- the fruit and vegetable used for probiotic fermentation comprises large fungi and/or components thereof.
- the probiotics are inoculated with probiotics containing large fungi and/or components thereof for enzymatic fermentation. Therefore, another embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for fermenting an enzyme by inoculating a large fungus for growth, such as mycelium growth, and then inoculating a probiotic for fermentation in a vegetable or vegetable medium.
- the method does not involve the step of extracting a large fungal active ingredient, that is, the method does not require extraction of a large fungal active ingredient after a large fungal growth step, but the growth of the large fungus and the fermentation of the probiotic bacteria can be carried out in the same culture.
- the system or fermentation device is carried out in sequence.
- composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein the large fungus is selected from the group consisting of Ganoderma lucidum, Poria, Poria, Cordyceps, and/or Cordyceps.
- a method of cultivating a large fungus by culturing a fruit and vegetable medium consisting only of fruits and/or vegetables and containing no additional added protein components.
- any one of items 13 to 20, wherein the large fungus is selected from the group consisting of Ganoderma lucidum, Poria, Poria, Cordyceps, and/or Cordyceps.
- probiotic selected from one or more of the group consisting of: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, elliptic yeast, Pichia pastoris, Pichia pipiens, Pichia pastoris, Hansenula Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus glabrata, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.
- Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoid After heating the sample solution to volatilize the solvent, add freshly prepared 5% vanillin-perchloric acid solution, water bath at 70 ° C for 15 minutes, then cool to room temperature with running water, and measure the absorbance at 550 nm wavelength (Bong Xiaofeng et al. , Natural Product Research and Development, 2006, 18: 825-829).
- Cordycepic acid also known as D-mannitol, it was tested according to the standards of mannitol in the quality supervision standard of edible fungus products of the Ministry of Agriculture of China, NY/T 2279-2012.
- Fruit and vegetable culture weigh 50g of blueberry, 10g of plum, 50g of raspberry, 100g of kiwi, 100g of bayberry, 150g of strawberry, 80g of cherry, 100g of red date, 200g of watermelon, 150g of mango, 200g of dragon fruit, 200g of kiwi, 200g of apple, 100g of banana, Plum 200g, cantaloupe 300g, homogenate, adjusted to pH 6.8 with edible sodium hydroxide solution, sterilized, to obtain No. 1 fruit and vegetable medium.
- Access to No. 1 Ganoderma lucidum The mycelium (Ganoderma lucidum, CGMCC No. 5.160, belonging to Zizhi) was activated by a slant medium, and cultured at 120 rpm and shaken at 20 ° C for 15 days. The measurement results are shown in Table 1.
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Abstract
一种产品及其制备方法,是先通过不添加蛋白质成分的果蔬培养基培养大型真菌,然后进一步进行益生菌发酵得到的。
Description
本发明涉及大型真菌的果蔬培养及益生菌发酵。
现已有多种大型真菌能通过液体发酵,在短时间(例如约5~45天)内获得大量的菌丝体,并在发酵液中包含其多种药用成分。但所用的培养基一般都要求特别添加氮源例如蛋白质成分,例如灵芝的培养基常常要添加豆饼或蛋白胨,虫草菌的培养基添加蚕蛹粉和酵母膏等。
有关用果蔬制作酵素的文献比较多,有利用果蔬自带的菌种进行自然发酵的,也有将果蔬灭菌后添加益生菌来发酵的,更有在酵素产品中另外添加中草药或其提取液以获得更多样化营养的。这些酵素的制备过程大都比较复杂,周期也较长。迄今为止,申请人未发现有仅仅用果蔬作为培养基来培养大型真菌,并进一步通过益生菌发酵来制作包含大型真菌及其活性成分的酵素的。本申请在这些方面进行了改进。
发明内容
除非另行指明,否则本文使用的所有术语具有与本领域普通技术人员通常理解的含义相同的含义。
本文中“大型真菌”是指,食用后不造成人体中毒的、能形成肉眼可见的子实体的真菌。所述大型真菌的范畴内包括食用真菌和药用真菌,所以本文的大型真菌也可以称为药食用真菌。本文的药用真菌例如是,各国药典中所列的大型真菌。
在具体实施方案中,本文所述大型真菌是破壁真菌,即在本文所述大型真菌中,能对植物细胞壁或昆虫体壁等坚硬的表面结构产生破壁效果的真菌。这里提到的破壁效果,并不要求使壁完全破裂,只要使壁上出现漏洞,内含物更容易向外释放即可。
已知植物细胞壁的主要成分有纤维素、半纤维素和果胶。相应地,能产生纤维素酶、半纤维素酶、和/或果胶酶的大型真菌,都是能对植物细胞壁造成本文所述破壁效果的,因此都属于本文所述的破壁真菌。
事实上,有不少大型真菌能在木质如树木上生长,它们能突破坚硬的木质表面,固着于其中,说明它们都具有本文所述的破壁效果,因此,这些能在木质上生长的多细胞真菌(简称“木生真菌”)属于本文所述的破壁真菌,具体例子有:灵芝(Ganoderma)、茯苓(Poria cocos)、猪苓(Grifola umbellata),等等。木生真菌包括木寄生真菌和木腐生真菌,木寄生真菌的例子如猪苓,木腐生真菌的例子如灵芝、茯苓。
除了树木等植物细胞有坚硬表面以外,昆虫及其幼虫在体壁中也有坚硬的纤维素、几丁质成分,大部分真菌无法生长。但有些真菌,能感染昆虫(如鳞翅目)的幼虫或蛹,使得本来要经历幼虫→蛹→成虫生长阶段的昆虫终止于幼虫或蛹的阶段,该类真菌则利用昆虫幼虫或蛹的身体为营养进行生长。虫草菌就是这样的真菌。在本文中,“虫草菌”是指广义上的虫草属(Cordyceps)真菌,它们寄生于昆虫,把虫体变成充满菌丝的僵虫,从僵虫前端生出柄头状或棍棒状的子座。虫草属真菌目前已报道的超过400多种,最广为人知的包括冬虫夏草(Cordyceps sinensis)、蛹虫草(Cordyceps militaris)等。虫草菌能突破昆虫体壁,说明能产生相应的破壁物质,例如纤维素酶、几丁质酶等等,因此也属于本文所述的破壁真菌。
相应地,在具体实施方案中,本文所述大型真菌包括木生真菌和虫草菌,更具体地,本文所述破壁真菌包括木生真菌和虫草菌。
在更优选的实施方案中,本文所述大型真菌选自灵芝、茯苓、猪苓、冬虫夏草、和/或蛹虫草。在还更优选的实施方案中,本文所述破壁真菌选自灵芝、茯苓、猪苓、冬虫夏草、和/或蛹虫草。
已知大型真菌大都有孢子、菌丝体、子实体三个阶段,其中菌丝体是进行营养生长的多细胞体,表现为由众多显微水平可见的长丝状细胞聚集而成的肉眼可见的菌体。菌丝体一般是积极地从环境吸收营养,为后续子实体生长做贮备。因此,大型真菌的菌丝体生长对环境的营养要求常常比较高。当环境条件不适于生长时,有些大型真菌的菌丝体就可能转化成休眠体,例如由菌丝体紧密缠绕的、内松外硬的“菌核”,猪苓、茯苓等都有菌核阶段。当菌核遇到合适的环境条件,能萌生新的营养菌丝或长成子实体。
具体就灵芝而言,中国药典所述的灵芝主要是指其子实体,常见为伞状。子实体释放出灵芝孢子,这其实是灵芝的生殖细胞。灵芝孢子遇到合适的环境会萌发菌丝。众多菌丝聚集排列,形成菌丝体。这些菌丝像植物的根系一样,不断从周围环境吸收和储存营养,为后续的子实体生长做必要的积累。灵芝菌丝体的营养物含量一般会比子实体高出3-5倍,甚至更多。以灵芝多糖为例,菌丝体的多糖含量高达15%左右,子实体的多糖含量仅有大概3%。而且,灵芝菌丝体柔软,细胞膜较薄,其内含的丰富营养成分较易为人体吸收。相比之下,灵芝子实体较坚硬,其营养相对不易被人体吸收。
至于虫草菌,如上文已述,其在虫体内寄生时,是菌丝体,当其突破虫体而成草时,就进入子实体阶段了。
本文中“果蔬”是指一或多种水果、一或多种蔬菜、或者一或多种水果与一或多种蔬菜的混合物,其中的“水果”和“蔬菜”都是指日常生活中的一般含义。
本文中“发酵(fermentation)”是指在植物或其果实、茎叶等材料中接种微生物进行培养的过程。由于微生物的生命活动,可以将碳水化合物转化为醇和有机酸等物质,也可以使植物所含的成分(例如营养成分)发生变化,例如更容易释放,活性更强,或成为更有利于被人体吸收的形式。
本文中“酵素(ferment nutrients)”是指植物经益生菌发酵而得到的多种生物活性物质的混合体,其包括:发酵参与菌、用于发酵的食材、发酵参与菌或食材的活性成分,例如多种酶(enzyme),还包括因发酵而被改良的成分,例如活性更强或更有利于吸收的成分,等等。在具体实施方案中,在由水果和/或蔬菜组成的培养基中进行益生菌发酵,得到“果蔬酵素”。这里所述的“果蔬”,是指日常生活中所说的水果和蔬菜,并无另外的特殊含义。
大型真菌的果蔬培养
在本申请之前,大型真菌可以进行液体培养,但未见仅以水果和/或蔬菜为培养基的,至少都要添加富含蛋白质的成分,例如蛋白胨、豆饼等。这可能是因为,如上文已述,大型真菌的菌丝体生长对环境的营养要求常常比较高,环境不适合时会休眠,故,如果不额外添加蛋白营养成分,单纯果蔬的营养水平(例如蛋白含量)可能不满足大型真菌菌丝体的高营养要求。
另一方面,在本文之前,大型真菌无论是液体培养还是固体培养,目标
一般都是要获得子实体,未见有单纯培养菌丝体直接用作最终产品的。但是子实体生长花费的时间往往较长,例如,灵芝的子实体生长要比菌丝体生长常常多出大约5倍的时间,虫草菌由虫体变为草体也需要耗费9~10个月左右的时间。
本发明人将大型真菌接种到由水果和/或蔬菜组成的、不另外添加蛋白质的培养基中培养,意外发现大型真菌能进行良好的生长,尤其是菌丝体生长。(技术人员凭经验能够很容易地根据培养时间和/或形态学特征来确定:所培养的大型真菌仅处于菌丝体阶段、未达到子实体阶段)。经测试,所得培养物具有大型真菌各自的特定活性成分;更为有利的是,所得培养物能进一步进行益生菌发酵,产生营养成分多样且易于人体吸收的酵素产品。
本文所述的果蔬培养基由一或多种水果、一或多种蔬菜、或者一或多种水果与一或多种蔬菜的混合物组成。培养基中水果和/或蔬菜的品种数不限。在具体实施方式中,针对同一种大型真菌,尝试了少至3种和多达16种果蔬的混合物来制作培养基,结果都检测到了多种活性指标,从而指示大型真菌的良好生长。因此,在无反例的前提下,本文的果蔬培养基可以依据当地当季能获得的水果和蔬菜的任意组合来制备,也可以组合不同地域同一时间能获得的多种水果和蔬菜的任意组合来制备。
本文所述的果蔬培养基可以通过添加食用醋或食用氢氧化钠溶液等食用pH调节剂,将培养基的pH调整到适于所接种的菌种生长的最适范围内,所述最适范围是本领域已知的相应菌种的最适pH范围。例如,对于灵芝、虫草的培养而言,可以是pH5.0~8.0。
本文所述的大型真菌的果蔬培养,在该大型真菌的最适生长温度范围内进行,所述最适生长温度范围是本领域已知的相应菌种的最适生长温度范围。例如7~30℃,优选18~28℃。
本文所述的大型真菌的果蔬培养,其培养时间的长短取决于各个菌种生长所需的时间,尤其是菌丝体生长所需的时间,但无需特别精确。例如,所述果蔬培养可以进行3~45天,优选5~15天,或是所述范围内的任何天数。所述培养时间相差1~3天,对最终产品的活性成分含量影响不大(数据未显示)。
本文所述的大型真菌的果蔬培养,可以用发酵罐搅拌的形式进行,在这种情况下,发酵罐搅拌的速度也是本领域技术人员基于所选菌种的特性能够
确定的,例如50~250rpm,优选90~180rpm。
本申请的大型真菌的果蔬培养产物,既包含大型真菌的活性成分,也包含果蔬的活性成分。例如,当本申请的大型真菌是破壁真菌时,由于破壁真菌的破壁效果,使得破壁真菌的果蔬培养产物,不仅有真菌的菌丝体及其营养成分,而且果蔬也因被破壁而更多地释放其活性物质。与接种非破壁的真菌的果蔬培养相比,本申请的果蔬培养产物在还未进行益生菌发酵之前就已经表现出果蔬成分的更高活性,因此成为对人体更有营养的产品。
在优选的实施方案中,本文所述的大型真菌是灵芝。
在另一优选的实施方案中,本文所述的大型真菌是蛹虫草。
益生菌(probiotics)发酵
在本申请之前,用益生菌进行食品发酵是比较常见的。为此常用的益生菌有,酵母菌(yeast)、乳酸杆菌(Lactobacillus)、双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium)、明串珠菌(Leuconostoc)、链球菌(Streptococcus)、乳球菌(Lactococcus),醋酸杆菌(Acetobacterium)等等。所述酵母菌例如酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)和椭圆酵母(Saccharomyes eerevisiae)等糖酵母属(Saccharomyces)的酵母、巴斯德毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)、奥默毕赤酵母(Pichia ohmeri)、膜璞毕赤酵母(Pichia membranaefaciens)等毕赤酵母属(Pichia)的酵母、异常汉逊酵母(Hansenula anomala)等汉逊酵母属(Hansenula)的酵母。所述乳酸杆菌例如,布氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus buchneri)、面包乳杆菌(Lactobacillus panis)、嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus)、植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)、发酵乳杆菌(Lactobacillus fermenti)、唾液乳杆菌(Lactobacillus salivarius)、短乳杆菌(Lactobacillus brevis)、淡绿色乳杆菌(Lactobacillus veridescens)、德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种(Lactobacillus delbrueckii bulgaricus)、鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus)、纤维二糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus cellobiosus)、干酪乳杆菌干酪亚种(Lactobacillus casei subsp casei)、瑞士乳杆菌约古特亚种(Lactobacillus helveticus subsp.jugurti)、詹森乳杆菌(Lacticum Jansen)、戊糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus pentosus),等等。所述双歧杆菌例如,青春双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium adolescents)、分叉双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium bifidum)、婴儿双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium infantis)、长双
歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium longum),等等。所述醋酸杆菌例如巴氏醋酸杆菌(Acetobacter pasteuranus)、恶臭醋酸杆菌(Acetobacter rancens)等。其他益生菌还有:肠膜明串珠球菌(Leuconostoc mesenteroides aureus)、唾液链球菌嗜热亚种(Streptococcus salivarius subsp.thermophilus)、乳球菌乳脂亚种(Lactococcus lactis subsp.Cremoris),等等。
相应地,本申请还涉及一种发酵方法,其是将大型真菌的发酵和益生菌的发酵组合。在更具体的实施方案中,本申请涉及先进行大型真菌的发酵,再进行益生菌的发酵。在更具体的实施方案中,本申请的益生菌发酵用酵母菌、乳酸杆菌和醋酸杆菌进行。在更具体的实施方案中,本申请的益生菌发酵是分步骤进行,优选地,先进行酵母菌和乳酸杆菌的混合发酵,再进行醋酸杆菌的发酵。本申请的酵母菌、乳酸杆菌、和醋酸杆菌可以一起加入,进行一步发酵,而不是分批加入,分批发酵,这样可以大大节省酵素制作时间。在更具体的实施方案中,本申请的益生菌是酿酒酵母菌、布氏乳杆菌、和巴氏醋酸杆菌。
本申请以上述的大型真菌的果蔬培养产物作为培养基,进一步接种上述常见的益生菌进行培养,可得到大型真菌-果蔬酵素,例如灵芝-酵素或虫草酵素。本申请人发现,相比于未接种大型真菌的果蔬直接接种益生菌进行发酵,本申请先接种大型真菌培养后的果蔬在益生菌发酵时,对培养条件的要求并无明显变化。
在优选实施方案中,能共享相同或相似培养条件的大型真菌还可以一起在果蔬培养基中培养,优选进一步进行益生菌发酵,使得最终的产品中包含不止一种大型真菌和/或其活性成分。
在另一实施方案中,用于益生菌发酵的果蔬中包含大型真菌和/或其成分。在又一实施方案中,对包含大型真菌和/或其成分的果蔬接种益生菌进行酵素发酵。所以,本文的另一实施方案涉及酵素发酵的方法,是在果蔬培养基中,先接种大型真菌进行生长,例如菌丝体生长,再接种益生菌进行发酵。优选地,所述方法不涉及提取大型真菌活性成分的步骤,即,所述方法无需在大型真菌生长步骤之后提取大型真菌活性成分,而是大型真菌的生长和益生菌的发酵可以在同一个培养系统或发酵装置中依次进行。
本申请的果蔬培养基制作简便,所有的水果和/或蔬菜原料只需洗净,无需进行消毒或灭菌,这至少部分是由于本文的果蔬培养是通过人工接种菌种
进行定向培养,并不是像现有技术那样,仅利用果蔬中天然自带的菌种进行发酵,在优势生长的情况下,不怕果蔬原材料中自带菌种的污染。
在一个具体举例的实施方式中,本申请的方法包括如下步骤:
1、将洗干净的水果和/或蔬菜,切块、匀浆,倒入发酵罐内;
2、用食用醋或者食用氢氧化钠溶液调整pH值至5.0~7.0,;
3、冷却后,接入大型真菌菌种,控制搅拌速度为90~180rpm、温度为18~28℃、发酵5~15天;
4、接入1~3‰(m/m)酵母菌(百万级活菌数)、加入1~3‰(m/m)乳酸菌(百万级活菌数)、加入1~3‰(m/m)醋酸杆菌(百万级活菌数),密封,于25~38℃环境下静置培养5~15天;
5、过滤,调味,常温避光保存,即得大型真菌-果蔬酵素产品。
更具体举例地,本申请涉及
1.一种组合物,是经果蔬培养的大型真菌产物,其中的果蔬培养基由水果和/或蔬菜组成、且不含另外添加的蛋白质成分。
2.项1的组合物,其中产物中的大型真菌是菌丝体形式。
4.在先任一项的组合物,其中的大型真菌是破壁真菌。
5.在先任一项的组合物,其中的大型真菌是木生真菌和/或虫草菌。
6.在先任一项的组合物,其中的大型真菌是人工培养的。
7.在先任一项的组合物,其中的大型真菌选自灵芝、猪苓、茯苓、冬虫夏草、和/或蛹虫草。
8.一种组合物,是将项1-7之一所述的组合物进一步进行益生菌发酵得到的产物。
9.项8的组合物,其中的益生菌选自以下的一或多种:糖酵母、毕赤酵母、汉逊酵母、乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、明串珠菌、链球菌、乳球菌,醋酸杆菌。
10.项8的组合物,其中的益生菌选自以下的一或多种:酿酒酵母、椭圆酵母、巴斯德毕赤酵母、奥默毕赤酵母、膜璞毕赤酵母、异常汉逊酵母、布氏乳杆菌、面包乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、发酵乳杆菌、唾液乳杆菌、短乳杆菌、淡绿色乳杆菌、德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种、鼠李糖乳杆菌、
纤维二糖乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌干酪亚种、瑞士乳杆菌约古特亚种、詹森乳杆菌、戊糖乳杆菌)、巴氏醋酸杆菌、恶臭醋酸杆菌、青春双歧杆菌、分叉双歧杆菌、婴儿双歧杆菌、长双歧杆菌、肠膜明串珠球菌、唾液链球菌嗜热亚种、和乳球菌乳脂亚种。
11.项8的组合物,其中的益生菌是酿酒酵母,乳酸杆菌和醋酸杆菌。
12.项8-11之一的组合物,所述的益生菌每一种都选用百万级活菌数的菌液、并按总原料质量分数为1~3‰的量接种。
13.培养大型真菌的方法,是用仅由水果和/或蔬菜组成、且不含另外添加的蛋白质成分的果蔬培养基进行培养。
14.项13的方法,其培养条件为:以90~180rpm的搅拌速度,在18~28℃,培养5~15天。
15.酵素制作方法,是在果蔬培养基中,先接种大型真菌进行培养,再接种益生菌进行发酵,所述的果蔬培养基由水果和/或蔬菜组成、且不含另外添加的蛋白质成分。
16.项13-15之一的方法,其中不涉及提取大型真菌活性成分的步骤。
17.项13-16之一的方法,其中的大型真菌培养是菌丝体生长。
18.项13-17之一的方法,其中的大型真菌是破壁真菌。
19.项13-18之一的方法,其中的大型真菌是木生真菌或虫草菌。
20.项13-19之一的方法,其中的大型真菌是人工培养的。
21.项13-20之一的方法,其中的大型真菌选自灵芝、猪苓、茯苓、冬虫夏草、和/或蛹虫草。
22.项13-21之一的方法,其中的益生菌选自以下的一或多种:糖酵母、毕赤酵母、汉逊酵母、乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、明串珠菌、链球菌、乳球菌,醋酸杆菌。
23.项22的方法,其中的益生菌选自以下的一或多种:酿酒酵母、椭圆酵母、巴斯德毕赤酵母、奥默毕赤酵母、膜璞毕赤酵母、异常汉逊酵母、布氏乳杆菌、面包乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、发酵乳杆菌、唾液乳杆菌、短乳杆菌、淡绿色乳杆菌、德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种、鼠李糖乳杆菌、纤维二糖乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌干酪亚种、瑞士乳杆菌约古特亚种、詹森乳杆菌、戊糖乳杆菌)、巴氏醋酸杆菌、恶臭醋酸杆菌、青春双歧杆菌、分叉双歧杆菌、婴儿双歧杆菌、长双歧杆菌、肠膜明串珠球菌、唾液链球菌嗜热亚
种、和乳球菌乳脂亚种。
24.项22的方法,其中的益生菌是酿酒酵母,乳酸杆菌和醋酸杆菌。
25.项22-24之一的方法,所述的益生菌每一种都选用百万级活菌数的菌液、并按总原料质量分数为1~3‰的量接种。
下面的实施例是对本申请的具体描述,这些实施例旨在对本申请进行进一步说明,不能理解为对发明的保护范围有任何限制,本领域的技术人员基于本申请的内容作出的改进和调整也属于受保护的范围。
检测方法
脂肪酶活力:按照中国国家标准GB/T 23535-2009进行检测。
淀粉酶活力:将α-淀粉酶抑制剂与等量的α-淀粉酶溶液在37℃保温15分钟,加入2%的可溶性淀粉溶液反应5分钟,再加入DNS(3,5-二硝基水杨酸)试剂,沸水浴5分钟后迅速用流水冷却,用470nm波长进行比色法测定(赵蓉等,中成药,2013,35(3):573-576)。
抗氧化能力:DPPH清除能力、超氧阴离子清除能力、羟自由基清除能力按《火龙果酵素生物活性的初步研究》,董银卯等,食品科技,2009,34(3):192-196所述方法进行检测。
灵芝三萜:将样品溶液加热使溶剂挥发后,加入新鲜配置的5%香草醛-高氯酸溶液,70℃水浴15分钟,随后用流水冷却至室温,测定550nm波长的吸光度(弓晓峰等,天然产物研究与开发,2006,18:825-829)。
虫草素:按照中国农业部关于虫草制品中虫草素和腺苷的高效液相色谱法测定标准NY/T2116-2012进行检测。
虫草酸:又名D-甘露醇,故按照中国农业部关于食用菌产品质量监督标准NY/T 2279-2012中甘露醇的标准进行检测。
实施例1
果蔬培养:称取蓝莓50g、梅子10g、树莓50g、奇异果100g、杨梅100g、草莓150g、樱桃80g、红枣100g、西瓜200g、芒果150g、火龙果200g、猕猴桃200g、苹果200g、香蕉100g、李子200g、哈密瓜300g,匀浆,以食用氢氧化钠溶液调pH为6.8,灭菌,得1号果蔬培养基。接入1号灵芝
菌(紫光灵芝,CGMCC编号5.160,属于紫芝)经斜面培养基活化的菌丝,置于120rpm、20℃摇床培养15天。测定结果见表1。
益生菌发酵:加入1‰(重量)酿酒酵母(CGMCC编号2.3888,百万级活菌数)、1‰(重量)布氏乳杆菌(CGMCC编号1.3114,百万级活菌数)、和1‰(m/m)醋酸杆菌(醋酸杆菌沪酿1.01,购自上海酿造一厂,百万级活菌数),28℃密闭静置7天。测定结果见表1。
滤去果蔬渣及未溶解的菌丝体,得清澈滤液,为灵芝-水果酵素产品1,常温避光保存。
实施例2
果蔬培养:称取苹果1200g、火龙果800g、莲藕400g,匀浆,以食用氢氧化钠溶液调pH为6.8,灭菌,得果蔬培养基2。接入2号灵芝菌(湘赤芝1号,湖南省非主要农作物品种登记证书编号XPD010-2013,得自国家中医药管理局亚健康干预技术实验室)经斜面培养基活化的菌丝,置于120rpm,20℃摇床上培养15天,测定结果见表1。
益生菌发酵同实施例1。测定结果见表1。
过滤,得灵芝-水果酵素产品2,常温避光保存。
表1
实施例3
果蔬培养:称取葡萄200g、胡萝卜200g、带叶芹菜100g、菠菜150g、茭白300g、白萝卜200g、白菜300g、茄子100g、黄花菜100g、豌豆苗50g、马铃薯100g、黄瓜100g、莴笋80g、海带50g、紫菜50g、金针菇200g、芥
蓝200g、油菜200g、红豆300g,匀浆,食用氢氧化钠溶液调pH为6.8,灭菌。接入湘北虫草1号(湖南省非主要农作物品种登记证书编号XPD009-2013,得自国家中医药管理局亚健康干预技术实验室)经斜面培养基活化的菌丝,120rpm、20℃摇床培养15天。测定结果见表3。
益生菌发酵:加入1‰(重量)酿酒酵母(CGMCC编号2.3888,百万级活菌数)、1‰(重量)布氏乳杆菌(CGMCC编号1.3114,百万级活菌数)、1‰(重量)醋酸杆菌(醋酸杆菌沪酿1.01,购自上海酿造一厂,百万级活菌数),密封,于28℃环境下静置培养7天。测定结果见表2。
滤去果蔬渣及未溶解的菌丝体,得清澈滤液,为虫草-果蔬酵素产品3,常温避光保存。
实施例4
果蔬培养:称取马铃薯1000g、柿子600g、凤梨700g,匀浆,以食用氢氧化钠溶液调pH为6.8,灭菌。接入蛹虫草(CGMCC编号5.856)经斜面培养基活化的菌丝,120rpm、20℃摇床培养15天。测定结果见表3。
益生菌发酵同实施例3。测定结果见表2。
滤去果蔬渣及未溶解的菌丝体,得清澈滤液,为虫草-果蔬酵素产品4,常温避光保存。
表2
Claims (10)
- 一种组合物,是大型真菌经果蔬培养的产物,其中的果蔬培养基由水果和/或蔬菜组成、且不含另外添加的蛋白质成分。
- 权利要求1的组合物,其中产物中的大型真菌是菌丝体形式。
- 在先任一权利要求的组合物,其中的大型真菌是破壁真菌。
- 在先任一权利要求的组合物,其中的大型真菌选自灵芝、猪苓、茯苓、冬虫夏草、和/或蛹虫草。
- 一种组合物,是将权利要求1-4之一的组合物进一步进行益生菌发酵得到的产物。
- 培养大型真菌的方法,是用仅由水果和/或蔬菜组成、且不含另外添加的蛋白质成分的果蔬培养基进行培养。
- 酵素制作方法,是在果蔬培养基中,先接种大型真菌进行培养,再接种益生菌进行发酵,所述的果蔬培养基由水果和/或蔬菜组成、且不含另外添加的蛋白质成分。
- 权利要求6或7的方法,其中不涉及提取大型真菌活性成分的步骤。
- 权利要求6-8之一的方法,其中的大型真菌是破壁真菌。
- 权利要求6-8之一的方法,其中的大型真菌选自灵芝、猪苓、茯苓、冬虫夏草、和/或蛹虫草。
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