WO2017185311A1 - 防短路检测装置及用户终端 - Google Patents

防短路检测装置及用户终端 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017185311A1
WO2017185311A1 PCT/CN2016/080566 CN2016080566W WO2017185311A1 WO 2017185311 A1 WO2017185311 A1 WO 2017185311A1 CN 2016080566 W CN2016080566 W CN 2016080566W WO 2017185311 A1 WO2017185311 A1 WO 2017185311A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
resistor
detecting
circuit
current
probe
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/080566
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李德良
钱泽旭
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to JP2018540194A priority Critical patent/JP6511202B2/ja
Priority to CN201680006149.8A priority patent/CN108027400B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2016/080566 priority patent/WO2017185311A1/zh
Priority to US15/767,021 priority patent/US10910818B2/en
Priority to EP16899824.3A priority patent/EP3343238B1/en
Priority to KR1020187011226A priority patent/KR102037194B1/ko
Publication of WO2017185311A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017185311A1/zh
Priority to HK18107176.1A priority patent/HK1247670A1/zh

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H11/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result
    • H02H11/005—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result in case of too low isolation resistance, too high load, short-circuit; earth fault
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/021—Details concerning the disconnection itself, e.g. at a particular instant, particularly at zero value of current, disconnection in a predetermined order
    • H02H3/023—Details concerning the disconnection itself, e.g. at a particular instant, particularly at zero value of current, disconnection in a predetermined order by short-circuiting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/16—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to fault current to earth, frame or mass
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H5/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection
    • H02H5/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal fluid pressure, liquid level or liquid displacement, e.g. Buchholz relays
    • H02H5/083—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal fluid pressure, liquid level or liquid displacement, e.g. Buchholz relays responsive to the entry or leakage of a liquid into an electrical appliance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/20—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for electronic equipment

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of electronic technologies, and in particular, to a short circuit detecting device and a user terminal using the short circuit detecting device.
  • a peripheral interface for connecting a peripheral device such as a USB interface
  • the peripheral interface can be connected to a charger or an external power source to pass the charger or the external device.
  • the power source supplies power to the user terminal, or the user terminal supplies power to the peripheral device connected thereto through the peripheral interface.
  • the peripheral interface condenses the water droplets, or the user accidentally spills liquid such as tea on the peripheral interface, which may cause the power supply line between the peripheral interface and the bottom line to be short-circuited.
  • the user terminal or peripheral device is burned, causing irreparable damage.
  • the manufacturer usually reminds the user in the product manual that the product needs to be kept dry during use, or is equipped with a waterproof structural member to pass through the waterproof structural member when the peripheral interface is not required. Set the interface for sealing.
  • the user may inadvertently notice the presence of conductive liquid on the peripheral interface, causing a short circuit failure during use.
  • the waterproof structure is provided, although the waterproof effect can be better, the design and production cost of the product are increased to some extent, and the use of the waterproof structural member is not conducive to improving the appearance of the product.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a short circuit detection device for realizing automatic detection of a short circuit fault of a user terminal, and when detecting a short circuit fault, controlling and controlling the user terminal to issue a short circuit warning or controlling the user terminal to turn off the power circuit to prevent the user terminal Damaged due to a short circuit fault.
  • a first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a short circuit detection apparatus for detecting power of a user terminal. Whether there is a short circuit between the source port and the ground port, the short circuit detecting device includes a probe, a detecting resistor, a switching circuit and a detecting circuit;
  • the probe is spaced apart from the power port and the ground port, and at least a portion of the probe is located between the power port and the ground port;
  • the first end of the detecting resistor is electrically connected to the power circuit of the user terminal, and is configured to obtain an auxiliary voltage from the power circuit, and the second end of the detecting resistor is electrically connected to the probe;
  • the switching circuit is electrically connected to the first end of the detecting resistor and the processor of the user terminal, and is configured to switch the first end of the detecting resistor to ground or disconnect grounded under the control of the processor. ;
  • the detecting circuit is electrically connected to both ends of the detecting resistor and the processor, and is configured to detect a short circuit current on the detecting resistor, and trigger the processor to control when the short circuit current is not zero
  • the user terminal issues a short circuit alert or turns off the power circuit.
  • the short circuit detecting device is configured to provide the probe between the power port and the ground port, and electrically connect the probe to the power circuit of the user terminal through the detecting resistor, and The grounding is switched by the switching circuit, so that the detecting circuit detects whether there is a short-circuit current on the detecting resistor to determine whether a short-circuit fault occurs between the power port and the ground port, and determines the power port and the ground.
  • the user terminal is triggered to issue a short circuit warning or the power circuit is turned off, so that the components of the user terminal can be effectively prevented from being damaged due to a short circuit fault.
  • the detecting circuit includes a first detecting circuit and a second detecting circuit, when the switching circuit disconnects the first end of the detecting resistor When grounding, the first detecting circuit is configured to detect a current in the first direction on the detecting resistor, and convert the current in the first direction into a first voltage; when the switching circuit turns the detecting resistor The second detecting circuit is configured to detect a current in the second direction on the detecting resistor and convert the current in the second direction into a second voltage.
  • the short circuit detecting device can set the switching circuit to switch the first end of the detecting resistor to ground or disconnect the ground through the switching circuit when a short circuit fault occurs between the power port and the ground port.
  • a detection circuit detects a current on the sense resistor to determine whether a short circuit fault has occurred between the power port and the ground port.
  • the detecting device further includes a diode, and a positive pole of the diode is electrically connected to the power circuit, a cathode of the diode is electrically connected to the first end of the detecting resistor; a current in the first direction flows from the power circuit through the diode and the detecting resistor to the probe, and passes through a first shorting resistor Grounding; the current in the second direction flows from the power port to the detecting resistor via a second shorting resistor and the probe, and is grounded through the switching circuit.
  • the first detection circuit includes a first amplifier, and a first a triode, a first resistor, a second resistor, and a third resistor, the first amplifier including a first input terminal, a second input terminal, and an output terminal, wherein the first input terminal passes the first resistor and the a first end of the detecting resistor is connected, the second input is connected to the second end of the detecting resistor through the second resistor, and the output is connected to a base of the first transistor, The collector of the first transistor is connected to the second input, and the emitter of the first transistor is electrically connected to the processor and grounded through the third resistor.
  • the first detecting circuit connects the first input end and the second input end of the first amplifier to the first end and the second end of the detecting resistor, respectively, and passes the output end of the first amplifier
  • the first transistor is connected to the processor, so that the current in the first direction of the detecting resistor can be converted into a first voltage, and the processor only needs to detect whether the first voltage is zero. Determining whether there is a current in the first direction on the detecting resistor, thereby determining whether there is a short circuit fault between the power port and the ground port.
  • the second detection circuit includes a second amplifier, a second a third transistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, and a sixth resistor
  • the second amplifier includes a first input terminal, a second input terminal, and an output terminal, wherein the first input terminal passes the fourth resistor and the a second end of the sense resistor is connected, the second input is coupled to the first end of the sense resistor through the fifth resistor, and the output is coupled to a base of the second transistor a collector of the second transistor is connected to the second input, and an emitter of the second transistor is electrically connected to the processor and passes The sixth resistor is grounded.
  • the second detecting circuit connects the first input end and the second input end of the second amplifying circuit to the second end and the first end of the detecting resistor, respectively, and outputs the output of the second amplifier Connecting the processor through the second transistor, so that the current in the second direction of the detecting resistor can be converted into a second voltage, and the processor only needs to detect whether the second voltage is zero or not It is determined whether there is a current in the second direction on the detecting resistor, thereby determining whether there is a short circuit fault between the power port and the ground port.
  • the switching circuit includes a third triode and a seventh resistor, and the base of the third triode The pole is electrically connected to the processor, the collector of the third transistor is connected to the first end of the detecting resistor, and the emitter of the third transistor is grounded through the seventh resistor.
  • the switching circuit connects the base of the third transistor to the processor, and connects the collector and the emitter to the first end of the sense resistor and the ground through the seventh resistor, Therefore, the third transistor can be controlled to be turned on by the processor outputting a high level control signal, thereby switching the first end of the detecting resistor to ground, or outputting a low level control through the processor.
  • a signal controls the third transistor to turn off, thereby disconnecting the first end of the sense resistor from ground.
  • a sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect when the voltage of the first end of the detecting resistor is greater than the voltage of the position of the probe,
  • the direction of the current on the detecting resistor is a first direction
  • the processor detects whether the first voltage is zero to determine whether there is a current in the first direction on the detecting resistor, and further determines whether there is a short circuit fault between the power port and the ground port.
  • a seventh possible implementation manner of the first aspect when the voltage of the first end of the detecting resistor is less than the voltage of the position of the probe,
  • the processor detects whether the second voltage is zero to determine whether there is a current in the second direction on the detecting resistor, and further determines whether there is a short circuit fault between the power port and the ground port.
  • the expression R7//(R5+R6) represents the total resistance R of the R5 and R6 connected in series and then connected in parallel with R7.
  • a second aspect of the present invention provides a user terminal, including a peripheral interface and a short circuit detecting device, wherein the short circuit detecting device includes a probe, a detecting resistor, a switching circuit, and a detecting circuit;
  • the peripheral interface includes a power port and a ground port, the probe is spaced apart from the power port and the ground port, and at least a portion of the probe is located between the power port and the ground port;
  • the first end of the detecting resistor is electrically connected to the power circuit of the user terminal, and is configured to obtain an auxiliary voltage from the power circuit, and the second end of the detecting resistor is electrically connected to the probe;
  • the switching circuit is electrically connected to the first end of the detecting resistor and the processor of the user terminal, and is configured to switch the first end of the detecting resistor to ground or disconnect grounded under the control of the processor. ;
  • the detecting circuit is electrically connected to both ends of the detecting resistor and the processor, and is configured to detect a short circuit current on the detecting resistor, and trigger the processor to control when the short circuit current is not zero
  • the user terminal issues a short circuit alert or turns off the power circuit.
  • the short circuit detecting device is the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect of the present invention to the eighth possible implementation manner of the first aspect The short circuit detecting device of any one of the possible implementation manners.
  • the probe is disposed between the power port and the ground port. Providing the probe between the power port and the ground port such that when a short circuit fault occurs between the power port and the ground port, the probe also interacts with the power port Short-circuiting with the ground port to form a voltage on the probe, and forming a current in the first direction on the detecting resistor according to a voltage difference between the voltage and a voltage of the first end of the detecting resistor Or current in the second direction.
  • the probe is disposed around the power port.
  • the probe By positioning the probe around the power port such that at least a portion of the probe is between the power port and the ground port, thus appearing between the power port and the ground port
  • the probe is also shorted to the power port and the ground port to form a voltage on the probe, and further between the voltage and the voltage of the first end of the sense resistor.
  • the voltage difference forms a current in the first direction or a current in the second direction on the detecting resistor.
  • the user terminal is configured to detect whether there is a short circuit fault between the power port and the ground port by using the short circuit prevention detecting device, and between detecting the power port and the ground port When there is a short circuit fault, the user terminal is triggered to issue a short circuit warning or the power circuit is turned off, so that the components of the user terminal can be effectively prevented from being damaged due to a short circuit fault.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a short circuit detecting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the working flow of the short circuit detecting device shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a peripheral interface of a user terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is another schematic structural diagram of a peripheral interface of a user terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a short circuit detecting device 10 for detecting whether there is a short circuit between a power port Vbus of a user terminal 20 and a ground port GND, and the short circuit detecting device 10 is disposed.
  • the probe 11, the detecting resistor RS, the switching circuit 13 and the detecting circuit 15 are included;
  • the probe 11 is spaced apart from the power port Vbus and the ground port GND, and at least a portion of the probe 11 is located between the power port Vbus and the ground port GND;
  • the first end of the detecting resistor RS is electrically connected to the power circuit 21 of the user terminal 20 for acquiring an auxiliary voltage from the power circuit 21, and the second end of the detecting resistor RS and the probe 11 Electrical connection
  • the switching circuit 13 is electrically connected to the first end of the detecting resistor RS and the processor 23 of the user terminal 20 for using the first end of the detecting resistor RS under the control of the processor 23 Switch ground or disconnect ground;
  • the detecting circuit 15 is electrically connected to both ends of the detecting resistor RS and the processor 23 for detecting a short-circuit current on the detecting resistor RS, and triggering the short-circuit current when the short-circuit current is not zero.
  • the processor 23 controls the user terminal 20 to issue a short circuit alert or turn off the power circuit 21.
  • the user terminal 20 may be, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a desktop computer, etc., and the power port Vbus and the ground port GND may be peripheral interfaces 25 (such as a power interface) of the user terminal 20. Power line and ground line.
  • the processor 23 includes a first enable terminal En1, and the first enable terminal En1 is electrically connected to the power circuit 21 for controlling the power circuit 21 to be turned on or off. When the peripheral interface 25 of the user terminal 20 accidentally enters water, a short circuit may be formed between the power port Vbus and the ground port GND, thereby causing damage to components of the user terminal 20.
  • the probe 11 is electrically connected to the power circuit 21 of the user terminal 20 through the detecting resistor RS, and The grounding circuit is switched by the switching circuit 13, so that the detecting circuit 15 detects whether there is a short-circuit current on the detecting resistor RS to determine whether the power port Vbus and the ground port GND have a short-circuit fault, and determines the power source.
  • the short circuit fault occurs in the port Vbus and the ground port GND, the user terminal 20 is triggered to issue a short circuit warning. Or the power circuit 21 is turned off, so that the components of the user terminal 20 can be effectively prevented from being damaged due to a short circuit failure.
  • the detecting circuit 15 includes a first detecting circuit 151 and a second detecting circuit 153.
  • the first detecting circuit 151 is configured to detect Determining a current in a first direction on the resistor RS, and converting the current in the first direction into a first voltage Vo1;
  • the switching circuit 13 switches the first end of the detecting resistor RS to ground, the
  • the second detecting circuit 153 is configured to detect a current in the second direction on the detecting resistor RS and convert the current in the second direction into the second voltage Vo2.
  • the detecting device 10 further includes a diode D1, the anode of the diode D1 is electrically connected to the power circuit 21, and the cathode of the diode D1 is electrically connected to the first end of the detecting resistor RS; a current in a direction flows from the power supply circuit 21 to the probe 11 via the diode D1 and the detection resistor RS, and is grounded through a first short-circuit resistor R8; the current in the second direction is from the power port Vbus The second short-circuiting resistor R9 and the probe 11 flow to the detecting resistor RS and are grounded through the switching circuit 13.
  • the first short-circuiting resistor R8 is an equivalent resistance of the conductive liquid between the probe 11 and the ground port GND
  • the second short-circuiting resistor R9 is the power port Vbus and the probe. The equivalent resistance of the conductive liquid between 11.
  • the first detecting circuit 151 includes a first amplifier A1, a first transistor Q1, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, and a third resistor R3.
  • the first amplifier A1 includes a first input terminal A11 and a second An input terminal A12 and an output terminal A13, the first input terminal A11 is connected to the first end of the detecting resistor RS through the first resistor R1, and the second input terminal A12 is connected to the second resistor R2
  • the second end of the detecting resistor RS is connected, the output terminal A13 is connected to the base of the first transistor Q1, and the collector of the first transistor Q1 is connected to the second input terminal A12.
  • the emitter of the first transistor Q1 is electrically connected to the processor 23 and grounded through the third resistor R3.
  • the second detecting circuit 153 includes a second amplifier A2, a second transistor Q2, a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, and a sixth resistor R6.
  • the second amplifier A2 includes a first input terminal A21 and a second The input terminal A22 and the output terminal A23, the first input terminal A21 is connected to the second end of the detecting resistor RS through the fourth resistor R4, and the second input terminal A22 passes through the fifth resistor R5 a first end of the sense resistor RS is connected, the output terminal A23 and the second transistor Q2 a base connection, a collector of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the second input terminal A22, and an emitter of the second transistor Q2 is electrically connected to the processor 23, and passes through The sixth resistor R6 is grounded.
  • the switching circuit 13 includes a third transistor Q3 and a seventh resistor R7.
  • the base of the third transistor Q3 is electrically connected to the processor 23, and the collector of the third transistor Q3. Connected to the first end of the detecting resistor RS, the emitter of the third transistor Q3 is grounded through the seventh resistor R7.
  • the processor 23 further includes a second enable terminal En2, the base of the third transistor Q3 is electrically connected to the second enable terminal En2, and when the processor 23 passes the When the second enable terminal En2 outputs a high level control signal, the third transistor Q3 is turned on, thereby switching the first end of the detecting resistor RS to ground; when the processor 23 passes the second When the enable terminal En2 outputs a low level control signal, the third transistor Q3 is turned off, thereby disconnecting the first end of the sense resistor RS from ground.
  • the current in the first direction is a short circuit between the power port Vbus and the ground port GND, and the voltage V1 at the first end of the detecting resistor RS is greater than the voltage on the probe 11.
  • V2 a short-circuit current flowing from the power supply circuit 21 to the probe 11 via the detecting resistor RS and grounded by the ground port GND;
  • the current in the second direction is when the power port Vbus and the ground A short circuit exists between the ports GND, and when the voltage V1 of the first end of the detecting resistor RS is smaller than the voltage V2 on the probe 11, the probe 11 is grounded via the detecting resistor RS and the switching circuit 13 Short circuit current.
  • the power supply circuit 21 is controlled to power on the short circuit detecting device 10.
  • the switching circuit 13 is controlled to disconnect the first end of the detecting resistor RS from the ground.
  • the voltage of the first end of the detecting resistor RS is V1. If there is no short-circuit fault in the power port Vbus and the ground port GND, the probe 11 is in a floating state, and the power circuit 21 is connected to the probe 11 in a suspended state via the detecting resistor RS, so The detecting resistor RS does not form a loop to the ground, so that no current flows through the detecting resistor RS.
  • the detecting circuit 15 keeps the original output unchanged, and the user terminal 20 remains unchanged.
  • the probe 11 is caused. And the grounding port GND is short-circuited by the first short-circuiting resistor R8, and the power source port Vbus and the probe 11 are short-circuited by the second circuit resistor R9.
  • the power supply circuit 21 passes through the detecting resistor RS and the The first short-circuiting resistor R8 forms a loop to the ground, that is, the first-direction current Is1 exists on the detecting resistor RS, and the first detecting circuit 151 detects the current Is1 in the first direction on the detecting resistor RS, and The current Is1 in the first direction is converted into the first voltage Vo1.
  • the voltages of the first input terminal A11 and the second input terminal A12 of the first amplifier A1 are equal, and at the same time, the virtual amplifier characteristic of the operational amplifier is known, the first of the first amplifier A1 is The input terminal A11 and the second input terminal A12 have no current flowing in, which is equivalent to an open circuit, so that the voltage of the first input terminal A11 is equal to the voltage V1 of the first terminal of the detecting resistor RS.
  • the processor 23 can detect whether the first voltage Vo1 of the first detecting circuit 151 is zero or not, and determine whether there is a current flowing in the first direction on the detecting resistor RS, if the first voltage Vo1 is not If it is zero, it indicates that there is a short circuit fault between the power port Vbus and the ground port GND, and then the processor 23 controls the user terminal 20 to issue a short circuit warning or turn off the power circuit 21.
  • the The probe 11 cannot form a loop to the ground through the branch of the detecting resistor RS, that is, no current flows through the detecting resistor RS, so that the first voltage Vo1 is zero. It can be understood that when the processor 23 detects that the first voltage Vo1 is zero, it can only indicate that the current in the first direction does not flow on the detecting resistor RS, and the power port Vbus and the ground port cannot be excluded. There is a short circuit between GND and V1 is less than V2.
  • the processor 23 detects that the first voltage Vo1 is zero, the power supply circuit 21 is controlled to stop supplying power to the short circuit detecting device 10, and at the same time, the processor 23 passes the second The control signal capable of outputting the high level of the port En2 controls the third transistor Q3 to be turned on, thereby switching the first end of the detecting resistor RS to ground, thereby The power port Vbus is sequentially formed into a ground loop via the second short-circuit resistor R9, the probe 11, the detecting resistor RS, and the switching circuit 13.
  • the second detecting circuit 153 detects the current Is2 in the second direction on the detecting resistor RS, and converts the current Is2 in the second direction into The second voltage Vo2.
  • the current Is2 in the second direction is (V2-V1)/RS.
  • the voltages of the first input terminal A21 and the second input terminal A22 of the second amplifier A2 are equal, and at the same time, the virtual amplifier characteristic of the operational amplifier, the first of the second amplifier A2 is known.
  • the input terminal A21 and the second input terminal A22 have no current flowing in, which is equivalent to an open circuit, so that the voltage of the first input terminal A21 is equal to the voltage V2 on the probe 11.
  • the processor 23 determines whether the second voltage Vo2 of the second detecting circuit 153 is zero or not is determined by the processor 23 to determine whether a current in the second direction flows through the detecting resistor RS, and if the second voltage Vo2 is not If it is zero, it indicates that there is a short circuit fault between the power port Vbus and the ground port GND, and then the processor 23 controls the user terminal 20 to issue a short circuit warning or turn off the power circuit 21.
  • R2 is the resistance of the second resistor
  • R3 is the resistance of the third resistor
  • R5 is the resistance of the fifth resistor
  • R6 is the resistance of the sixth resistor
  • Value R7 is the resistance of the seventh resistor
  • Rs is the resistance of the sense resistor.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the workflow of the short circuit proof detecting device 10 .
  • the workflow of the short circuit detection device 10 includes the following steps:
  • Step S1 When the processor detects that the peripheral interface of the user terminal has a peripheral device access, the power circuit of the control user terminal is powered on for preventing the short circuit detecting device, and the control switching circuit disconnects the first end of the detecting resistor from the ground;
  • Step S2 The processor reads the first voltage output by the first detecting circuit, and determines whether the first voltage is greater than zero;
  • Step S3 If the first voltage is greater than zero, the processor determines that there is a current in the first direction on the detecting resistor, thereby determining that there is a short circuit fault between the power port and the ground port of the peripheral interface, and proceeds to step S7;
  • Step S4 if the first voltage is not greater than zero, the power circuit of the control user terminal stops supplying power to the short circuit detecting device, and the control switching circuit switches the first end of the detecting resistor to ground;
  • Step S5 The processor reads the second voltage output by the second detecting circuit, and determines whether the second voltage is greater than zero;
  • Step S6 If the second voltage is greater than zero, the processor determines that there is a current in the second direction on the detecting resistor, thereby determining that there is a short circuit fault between the power port and the ground port of the peripheral interface;
  • Step S7 when it is determined that there is a short circuit fault between the power port and the ground port of the peripheral interface, the control user terminal issues a short circuit warning or turns off the power circuit;
  • Step S8 If the second voltage is not greater than zero, the processor determines that no current flows through the detecting resistor, thereby determining that there is no short circuit fault between the power port and the ground port of the peripheral interface, and then jumps to step S1 and repeats The above workflow.
  • a user terminal 20 including a power circuit 21, a processor 23, a peripheral interface 25, and an anti-short circuit detecting device 10 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1; 25 includes a power port Vbus and a ground port GND, the probe 11 is spaced apart from the power port Vbus and the ground port GND, and at least a portion of the probe 11 is located at the power port Vbus and the ground port
  • the power port Vbus is electrically connected to the power circuit 21, and the ground port GND is grounded.
  • the short circuit detecting device 10 is electrically connected to the power circuit 21 and the processor 23, and is used for Detecting whether there is a short circuit fault between the power port Vbus and the ground port GND under the control of the processor 23, and triggering the processor 23 when there is a short circuit fault between the power port Vbus and the ground port GND
  • the user terminal 20 is controlled to issue a short circuit alert or to turn off the power circuit 21.
  • the peripheral interface 25 includes a power port Vbus, a ground port GND, and at least one signal port 251 that are spaced apart from each other, and the probe 11 is disposed on the power port. Between Vbus and the ground port GND. Specifically, the power port Vbus and the ground port GND are respectively disposed at opposite ends of the peripheral interface 25, and the at least one signal port 251 is spaced apart from the power port Vbus and the ground port GND. between. In this embodiment, the probe 11 is disposed between the power port Vbus and the signal port 251 adjacent to the power port Vbus. It can be understood that the probe 11 can be disposed in any one of the port intervals between the power port Vbus and the ground port GND.
  • the probe 11 is disposed around the power port Vbus. Specifically, when the probe 11 is disposed around the power port Vbus, an annular gap 111 is formed between the power port Vbus and the power port Vbus, and there is no short circuit fault between the power port Vbus and the ground port GND.
  • the probe 11 and the power port Vbus are isolated from each other by the gap 111, when there is a short circuit fault between the power port Vbus and the ground port GND, for example, the power port Vbus and the When the grounding port GND is short-circuited by the conductive liquid, since at least a part of the probe 11 is located between the power port Vbus and the ground port GND, the probe 11 is also connected to the power port.
  • Vbus is shorted to the ground port GND to form a voltage V2 on the probe 11, and further, according to a voltage difference between the voltage V2 and a voltage V1 of the first end of the detecting resistor RS, the detecting resistor Forming a current in the first direction or a current in the second direction on the RS, so that the processor 23 detects the current in the first direction or the current in the second direction through the detecting circuit 15 to determine the power port Vbus and the Ground terminal Whether there is a failure between the port GND.
  • the structure of the short circuit detecting device 10 and the function implementation thereof can also refer to the related description in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 of the present invention, and details are not described herein again.
  • the short circuit detecting device 10 electrically sets the probe 11 through the detecting resistor RS and the power circuit 21 of the user terminal 20 by disposing the probe 11 between the power port Vbus and the ground port GND. Sexually connected, and can be switched to the ground through the switching circuit 13, so that the detection circuit 15 can detect whether there is a short-circuit current on the detecting resistor RS to determine whether a short-circuit fault occurs between the power port Vbus and the ground port GND.
  • the user terminal 20 is triggered to issue a short circuit warning or the power circuit 21 is turned off, so that the component of the user terminal 20 can be effectively avoided. Short circuit failure and damage.

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  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
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Abstract

一种防短路检测装置（10）及用户终端（20），包括探针（11）、检测电阻（RS）、切换电路（13）及检测电路（15）；所述探针（11）与用户终端（20）的电源端口（Vbus）及地端口（GND）间隔设置，且所述探针（11）的至少一部分位于所述电源端口（Vbus）和所述接地端口（GND）之间；所述检测电阻（RS）的第一端与用户终端（20）的电源电路（21）电性连接，所述检测电阻（RS）的第二端与所述探针（11）电性连接；所述切换电路（13）与所述检测电阻（RS）的第一端及用户终端（20）的处理器（23）电性连接，用于在所述处理器（23）的控制下切换接地或断开接地；所述检测电路（15）与所述检测电阻（RS）的两端及所述处理器（23）电性连接，用于在所述短路电流不为零时，触发所述处理器（23）控制所述用户终端（20）发出短路警示或关闭所述电源电路（21）。所述防短路检测装置（10）可以防止用户终端（20）因短路而损坏。

Description

防短路检测装置及用户终端 技术领域
本发明涉及电子技术领域，尤其涉及一种防短路检测装置及一种应用该防短路检测装置的用户终端。
背景技术
在计算机、手机、平板电脑等用户终端中，通常会预留用于连接外围设备外设接口，例如USB接口，该外设接口可以连接至充电器或外部电源，以通过所述充电器或者外部电源为所述用户终端供电，或者由用户终端通过所述外设接口给与之连接的外围设备供电。在用户终端的日常使用中，由于外设接口大都是处于外露状态，难免会存在因外设接口接触导电液体而导致短路故障。例如，因冷热空气交替时导致外设接口凝聚水珠，或者因用户使用过程中不小心将茶水等液体溅到外设接口上，均可能导致外设接口的电源线与底线之间被短路，进而烧毁用户终端或者外围设备，造成不可挽回的损失。
目前，对于具有外设接口的用户终端产品，生产商通常会在产品说明书中提醒用户在使用时需要保持产品干燥，或者配备防水结构件，以在无需使用外设接口时，通过防水结构件对外设接口进行密封处理。然而，在日常使用时，用户可能会因为疏忽而无法注意到外设接口上存在导电液体，从而造成使用过程中出现短路故障。此外，通过配备防水结构件的方式虽然可以起到较好的防水效果，但会一定程度上增加产品的设计和生产成本，且防水结构件的使用也不利于提升产品的外观。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种防短路检测装置，以实现用户终端短路故障的自动检测，并在检测到存在短路故障时，控制控制用户终端发出短路警示或控制用户终端关闭电源电路，以防止用户终端因短路故障而遭到损坏。
本发明实施例第一方面提供一种防短路检测装置，用于检测用户终端的电 源端口和接地端口之间是否存在短路，所述防短路检测装置包括探针、检测电阻、切换电路及检测电路；
所述探针与所述电源端口及所述接地端口间隔设置，且所述探针的至少一部分位于所述电源端口和所述接地端口之间；
所述检测电阻的第一端与所述用户终端的电源电路电性连接，用于从所述电源电路获取辅助电压，所述检测电阻的第二端与所述探针电性连接；
所述切换电路与所述检测电阻的第一端及所述用户终端的处理器电性连接，用于在所述处理器的控制下将所述检测电阻的第一端切换接地或断开接地；
所述检测电路与所述检测电阻的两端及所述处理器电性连接，用于检测所述检测电阻上的短路电流，并在所述短路电流不为零时，触发所述处理器控制所述用户终端发出短路警示或关闭所述电源电路。
所述防短路检测装置通过在所述电源端口与所述接地端口之间设置所述探针，并将所述探针通过所述检测电阻与所述用户终端的电源电路电性连接，并可通过所述切换电路切换接地，从而可以通过所述检测电路检测所述检测电阻上是否存在短路电流来判断所述电源端口和接地端口之间是否出现短路故障，并在判断所述电源端口和接地端口之间出现短路故障时，触发所述用户终端发出短路警示或关闭所述电源电路，从而可以有效避免所述用户终端的元器件因短路故障而遭到损坏。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，所述检测电路包括第一检测电路和第二检测电路，当所述切换电路将所述检测电阻的第一端断开接地时，所述第一检测电路用于检测所述检测电阻上第一方向的电流，并将所述第一方向的电流转换为第一电压；当所述切换电路将所述检测电阻的第一端切换接地时，所述第二检测电路用于检测所述检测电阻上第二方向的电流，并将所述第二方向的电流转换为第二电压。
所述防短路检测装置通过设置所述切换电路，当所述电源端口和接地端口之间出现短路故障时，可通过所述切换电路将所述检测电阻的第一端切换接地或断开接地，从而使得所述检测电阻对地形成回路，进而分别形成所述第一方向的电流和第二方向的电流，以方便进一步通过所述第一检测电路或所述第二 检测电路检测所述检测电阻上的电流来判断所述电源端口和接地端口之间是否出现短路故障。
结合第一方面第一种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，所述检测装置还包括二极管，所述二极管的正极与所述电源电路电性连接，所述二极管的负极与所述检测电阻的第一端电性连接；所述第一方向的电流从所述电源电路经所述二极管和所述检测电阻流向所述探针，并通过一第一短路电阻接地；所述第二方向的电流由所述电源端口经一第二短路电阻及所述探针流向所述检测电阻，并通过所述切换电路接地。
结合第一方面第一种可能的实现方式或第一方面第二种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，所述第一检测电路包括第一放大器、第一三极管、第一电阻、第二电阻及第三电阻，所述第一放大器包括第一输入端、第二输入端及输出端，所述第一输入端通过所述第一电阻与所述检测电阻的第一端连接，所述第二输入端通过所述第二电阻与所述检测电阻的第二端连接，所述输出端与所述第一三极管的基极连接，所述第一三极管的集电极与所述第二输入端连接，所述第一三极管的发射极与所述处理器电性连接，并通过所述第三电阻接地。
所述第一检测电路通过将所述第一放大器的第一输入端和第二输入端分别与所述检测电阻的第一端和第二端连接，并将所述第一放大器的输出端通过所述第一三极管与所述处理器连接，从而可以将所述检测电阻上第一方向的电流转换为第一电压，所述处理器仅需检测所述第一电压是否为零即可判断所述检测电阻上是否存在第一方向的电流，从而判断所述电源端口和接地端口之间是否存在短路故障。
结合第一方面第一种可能的实现方式或第一方面第二种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第四种可能的实现方式中，所述第二检测电路包括第二放大器、第二三极管、第四电阻、第五电阻及第六电阻，所述第二放大器包括第一输入端、第二输入端及输出端，所述第一输入端通过所述第四电阻与所述检测电阻的第二端连接，所述第二输入端通过所述第五电阻与所述检测电阻的第一端连接，所述输出端与所述第二三极管的基极连接，所述第二三极管的集电极与所述第二输入端连接，所述第二三极管的发射极与所述处理器电性连接，并通过 所述第六电阻接地。
所述第二检测电路通过将所述第二放大电路的第一输入端和第二输入端分别与所述检测电阻的第二端和第一端连接，并将所述第二放大器的输出端通过所述第二三极管与所述处理器连接，从而可以将所述检测电阻上第二方向的电流转换为第二电压，所述处理器仅需检测所述第二电压是否为零即可判断所述检测电阻上是否存在第二方向的电流，从而判断所述电源端口和接地端口之间是否存在短路故障。
结合第一方面第四种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第五种可能的实现方式中，所述切换电路包括第三三极管及第七电阻，所述第三三极管的基极与所述处理器电性连接，所述第三三极管的集电极与所述检测电阻的第一端连接，所述第三三极管的发射极通过所述第七电阻接地。
所述切换电路通过将所述第三三极管的基极与所述处理器连接，并将集电极和发射极分别与所述检测电阻的第一端连接和通过所述第七电阻接地，从而可以通过所述处理器输出高电平的控制信号控制所述第三三极管导通，从而将所述检测电阻的第一端切换接地，或者通过所述处理器输出低电平的控制信号控制所述第三三极管截止，从而将所述检测电阻的第一端断开接地。
结合第一方面第三种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第六种可能的实现方式中，当所述检测电阻的第一端的电压大于所述探针所在位置的电压时，所述检测电阻上的电流的方向为第一方向，所述检测电阻上第一方向的电流与所述第一电压的关系为：Is1＝(Vo1-Vo1*(R2+R3)/R3)/RS，其中，Is1为所述检测电阻上第一方向的电流，Vo1为所述第一电压，R2为所述第二电阻的阻值、R3为所述第三电阻的阻值，Rs为所述检测电阻的阻值。
根据所述检测电阻上第一方向的电流与所述第一电压的关系可知，只要所述第一电压不为零，则表示所述检测电阻上存在第一方向的电流，因此，可通过所述处理器检测所述第一电压是否为零来判断所述检测电阻上是否存在第一方向的电流，进而判断所述电源端口与所述接地端口之间是否存在短路故障。
结合第一方面第五种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第七种可能的实现方式中，当所述检测电阻的第一端的电压小于所述探针所在位置的电压时，所述 检测电阻上的电流的方向为第二方向，所述检测电阻上第二方向的电流与所述第二电压的关系为：Is2＝(Vo2-Vo2/R6*(R7//(R5+R6)))/Rs，其中，Is为所述检测电阻上第二方向的电流，Vo2为所述第二电压，R5为所述第五电阻的阻值，R6为所述第六电阻的阻值，R7为所述第七电阻的阻值，Rs为所述检测电阻的阻值。
根据所述检测电阻上第二方向的电流与所述第二电压的关系可知，只要所述第二电压不为零，则表示所述检测电阻上存在第二方向的电流，因此，可通过所述处理器检测所述第二电压是否为零来判断所述检测电阻上是否存在第二方向的电流，进而判断所述电源端口与所述接地端口之间是否存在短路故障。
结合第一方面第七种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第八种可能的实现方式中，表达式R7//(R5+R6)表示R5与R6串联后再与R7并联的总电阻R，所述总电阻R满足关系R＝R7*(R5+R6)/(R5+R6+R7)。
本发明实施例第二方面提供一种用户终端，包括外设接口及防短路检测装置，所述防短路检测装置包括探针、检测电阻、切换电路及检测电路；
所述外设接口包括电源端口和接地端口，所述探针与所述电源端口及所述接地端口间隔设置，且所述探针的至少一部分位于所述电源端口和所述接地端口之间；
所述检测电阻的第一端与所述用户终端的电源电路电性连接，用于从所述电源电路获取辅助电压，所述检测电阻的第二端与所述探针电性连接；
所述切换电路与所述检测电阻的第一端及所述用户终端的处理器电性连接，用于在所述处理器的控制下将所述检测电阻的第一端切换接地或断开接地；
所述检测电路与所述检测电阻的两端及所述处理器电性连接，用于检测所述检测电阻上的短路电流，并在所述短路电流不为零时，触发所述处理器控制所述用户终端发出短路警示或关闭所述电源电路。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，所述防短路检测装置为如本发明第一方面第一种可能的实现方式至第一方面第八种可能的实现方式中任意一种可能的实现方式所述的防短路检测装置。
结合第二方面或第二方面第一种可能的实现方式，在第二方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，所述探针设置于所述电源端口和所述接地端口之间。通过将所述探针设置于所述电源端口和所述接地端口之间，从而使得当所述电源端口和所述接地端口之间出现短路故障时，所述探针也会与所述电源端口和所述接地端口短接，从而在所述探针上形成电压，进而根据该电压与所述检测电阻第一端的电压之间的电压差，在所述检测电阻上形成第一方向的电流或第二方向的电流。
结合第二方面或第二方面第一种可能的实现方式，在第二方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，所述探针环绕所述电源端口设置。通过将所述探针环绕所述电源端口设置，从而使得所述探针的至少一部分位于所述电源端口和所述接地端口之间，因此，当所述电源端口和所述接地端口之间出现短路故障时，所述探针也会与所述电源端口和所述接地端口短接，从而在所述探针上形成电压，进而根据该电压与所述检测电阻第一端的电压之间的电压差，在所述检测电阻上形成第一方向的电流或第二方向的电流。
所述用户终端通过设置所述防短路检测装置，从而可以通过所述防短路检测装置检测所述电源端口和接地端口之间是否存在短路故障，并在检测到所述电源端口和接地端口之间存在短路故障时，触发所述用户终端发出短路警示或关闭所述电源电路，从而可以有效避免所述用户终端的元器件因短路故障而遭到损坏。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍。
图1是本发明实施例提供的防短路检测装置的结构示意图；
图2是图1所示防短路检测装置的工作流程示意图；
图3是本发明实施例提供的用户终端的外设接口的一种结构示意图；
图4是本发明实施例提供的用户终端的外设接口的另一种结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行描述。
请参阅图1，在本发明一个实施例中，提供一种防短路检测装置10，用于检测用户终端20的电源端口Vbus和接地端口GND之间是否存在短路，所述防短路检测装10置包括探针11、检测电阻RS、切换电路13及检测电路15；
所述探针11与所述电源端口Vbus及所述接地端口GND间隔设置，且所述探针11的至少一部分位于所述电源端口Vbus和所述接地端口GND之间；
所述检测电阻RS的第一端与所述用户终端20的电源电路21电性连接，用于从所述电源电路21获取辅助电压，所述检测电阻RS的第二端与所述探针11电性连接；
所述切换电路13与所述检测电阻RS的第一端及所述用户终端20的处理器23电性连接，用于在所述处理器23的控制下将所述检测电阻RS的第一端切换接地或断开接地；
所述检测电路15与所述检测电阻RS的两端及所述处理器23电性连接，用于检测所述检测电阻RS上的短路电流，并在所述短路电流不为零时，触发所述处理器23控制所述用户终端20发出短路警示或关闭所述电源电路21。
其中，所述用户终端20可以是但不限于手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、台式电脑等，所述电源端口Vbus和接地端口GND可以是所述用户终端20的外设接口25(如电源接口)中的电源线与地线。所述处理器23包括第一使能端En1，所述第一使能端En1与所述电源电路21电性连接，用于控制所述电源电路21开启或关闭。当所述用户终端20的外设接口25不小心进水时，可能导致所述电源端口Vbus和接地端口GND之间形成短路，从而造成所述用户终端20的元器件被损坏。因此，通过在所述电源端口Vbus和接地端口GND之间设置所述探针11，将所述探针11通过所述检测电阻RS与所述用户终端20的电源电路21电性连接，并可通过所述切换电路13切换接地，从而可以通过所述检测电路15检测所述检测电阻RS上是否存在短路电流来判断所述电源端口Vbus和接地端口GND是否出现短路故障，并在判断所述电源端口Vbus和接地端口GND出现短路故障时，触发所述用户终端20发出短路警示 或关闭所述电源电路21，从而可以有效避免所述用户终端20的元器件因短路故障而遭到损坏。
所述检测电路15包括第一检测电路151和第二检测电路153，当所述切换电路13将所述检测电阻RS的第一端断开接地时，所述第一检测电路151用于检测所述检测电阻RS上第一方向的电流，并将所述第一方向的电流转换为第一电压Vo1；当所述切换电路13将所述检测电阻RS的第一端切换接地时，所述第二检测电路153用于检测所述检测电阻RS上第二方向的电流，并将所述第二方向的电流转换为第二电压Vo2。
所述检测装置10还包括二极管D1，所述二极管D1的正极与所述电源电路21电性连接，所述二极管D1的负极与所述检测电阻RS的第一端电性连接；所述第一方向的电流从所述电源电路21经所述二极管D1和所述检测电阻RS流向所述探针11，并通过一第一短路电阻R8接地；所述第二方向的电流由所述电源端口Vbus经一第二短路电阻R9及所述探针11流向所述检测电阻RS，并通过所述切换电路13接地。可以理解，所述第一短路电阻R8为所述探针11与所述接地端口GND之间的导电液体的等效电阻，所述第二短路电阻R9为所述电源端口Vbus和所述探针11之间的导电液体的等效电阻。
所述第一检测电路151包括第一放大器A1、第一三极管Q1、第一电阻R1、第二电阻R2及第三电阻R3，所述第一放大器A1包括第一输入端A11、第二输入端A12及输出端A13，所述第一输入端A11通过所述第一电阻R1与所述检测电阻RS的第一端连接，所述第二输入端A12通过所述第二电阻R2与所述检测电阻RS的第二端连接，所述输出端A13与所述第一三极管Q1的基极连接，所述第一三极管Q1的集电极与所述第二输入端A12连接，所述第一三极管Q1的发射极与所述处理器23电性连接，并通过所述第三电阻R3接地。
所述第二检测电路153包括第二放大器A2、第二三极管Q2、第四电阻R4、第五电阻R5及第六电阻R6，所述第二放大器A2包括第一输入端A21、第二输入端A22及输出端A23，所述第一输入端A21通过所述第四电阻R4与所述检测电阻RS的第二端连接，所述第二输入端A22通过所述第五电阻R5与所述检测电阻RS的第一端连接，所述输出端A23与所述第二三极管Q2 的基极连接，所述第二三极管Q2的集电极与所述第二输入端A22连接，所述第二三极管Q2的发射极与所述处理器23电性连接，并通过所述第六电阻R6接地。
所述切换电路13包括第三三极管Q3及第七电阻R7，所述第三三极管Q3的基极与所述处理器23电性连接，所述第三三极管Q3的集电极与所述检测电阻RS的第一端连接，所述第三三极管Q3的发射极通过所述第七电阻R7接地。其中，所述处理器23还包括第二使能端En2，所述第三三极管Q3的基极与所述第二使能端En2电性连接，当所述处理器23通过所述第二使能端En2输出高电平的控制信号时，所述第三三极管Q3导通，从而将所述检测电阻RS的第一端切换接地；当所述处理器23通过所述第二使能端En2输出低电平的控制信号时，所述第三三极管Q3截止，从而将所述检测电阻RS的第一端断开接地。
在本实施例中，所述第一方向的电流为当所述电源端口Vbus和接地端口GND之间存在短路，且所述检测电阻RS第一端的电压V1大于所述探针11上的电压V2时，从所述电源电路21经所述检测电阻RS流向所述探针11，并由所述接地端口GND接地的短路电流；所述第二方向的电流为当所述电源端口Vbus和接地端口GND之间存在短路，且所述检测电阻RS第一端的电压V1小于所述探针11上的电压V2时，由所述探针11经所述检测电阻RS和所述切换电路13接地的短路电流。
具体地，当所述处理器23检测到所述用户终端20的外设接口25有外围设备30(如充电器)接入时，控制所述电源电路21为所述防短路检测装置10上电，同时控制所述切换电路13将所述检测电阻RS的第一端断开接地。此时，假设所述检测电阻RS的第一端的电压为V1。若所述电源端口Vbus和接地端口GND不存在短路故障，则所述探针11处于悬空状态，所述电源电路21经过所述检测电阻RS与悬空状态的所述探针11连接，因此所述检测电阻RS并未对地形成回路，从而所述检测电阻RS上没有电流流过。当所述检测电阻RS上没有电流流过时，所述检测电路15保持原有输出不变，则所述用户终端20保持原有状态不变。
若所述电源端口Vbus和接地端口GND存在短路故障，导致所述探针11 和所述接地端口GND之间被所述第一短路电阻R8短路，所述电源端口Vbus与所述探针11之间被所述第二电路电阻R9短路。假设所述探针11上的电压为V2，则当所述检测电阻RS第一端的电压V1大于所述探针11上的电压V2时，所述电源电路21经过所述检测电阻RS和所述第一短路电阻R8对地形成回路，即所述检测电阻RS上存在第一方向的电流Is1，所述第一检测电路151检测所述检测电阻RS上第一方向的电流Is1，并将所述第一方向的电流Is1转换为第一电压Vo1。其中，所述第一方向的电流Is1＝(V1-V2)/RS。根据运算放大器的虚短特性可知，所述第一放大器A1的第一输入端A11和第二输入端A12的电压相等，同时由运算放大器的虚断特性可知，所述第一放大器A1的第一输入端A11和第二输入端A12没有电流流入，相当于开路，从而所述第一输入端A11的电压等于所述检测电阻RS第一端的电压V1。因此，可以得到Vo1＝V1，又因Vo1＝V2*R3/(R2+R3)，则V2＝Vo1*(R2+R3)/R3，从而可以得到所述第一方向的电流Is1＝(Vo1-Vo1*(R2+R3)/R3)/RS。根据所述第一方向的电流Is1的表达式可知，当所述第一电压Vo1为零时，所述第一方向的电流Is1也为零。因此，可以通过所述处理器23检测所述第一检测电路151的第一电压Vo1是否为零来判断所述检测电阻RS上是否有第一方向的电流流过，若第一电压Vo1不为零，则表示所述电源端口Vbus和接地端口GND之间存在短路故障，进而通过所述处理器23控制所述用户终端20发出短路警示或关闭所述电源电路21。
当所述检测电阻RS第一端的电压V1小于所述探针11上的电压V2时，由于初始情况下所述切换电路13将所述检测电阻RS的第一端断开接地，因此所述探针11经过所述检测电阻RS的支路无法对地形成回路，即所述检测电阻RS上没有电流流过，从而所述第一电压Vo1为零。可以理解，当所述处理器23检测到所述第一电压Vo1为零时，只能表示所述检测电阻RS上没有第一方向的电流流过，并不能排除所述电源端口Vbus和接地端口GND之间存在短路且V1小于V2的情况。因此，当所述处理器23检测到所述第一电压Vo1为零时，控制所述电源电路21停止为所述防短路检测装置10供电，同时，所述处理器23通过所述第二使能端口En2输出高电平的控制信号控制所述第三三极管Q3导通，从而将所述检测电阻RS的第一端切换接地，进而使得所 述电源端口Vbus依次经所述第二短路电阻R9、所述探针11、所述检测电阻RS及所述切换电路13形成对地回路。此时，所述检测电阻RS上存在第二方向的电流Is2，所述第二检测电路153检测所述检测电阻RS上第二方向的电流Is2，并将所述第二方向的电流Is2转换为第二电压Vo2。
其中，所述第二方向的电流Is2＝(V2-V1)/RS。根据运算放大器的虚短特性可知，所述第二放大器A2的第一输入端A21和第二输入端A22的电压相等，同时由运算放大器的虚断特性可知，所述第二放大器A2的第一输入端A21和第二输入端A22没有电流流入，相当于开路，从而所述第一输入端A21的电压等于所述探针11上的电压V2。因此，可以得到Vo2＝V2，又因Vo2＝V1*R6/(R7//(R5+R6))，则V1＝Vo2/R6*(R7//(R5+R6))，从而可以得到所述第二方向的电流Is2＝(Vo2-Vo2/R6*(R7//(R5+R6)))/Rs。根据所述第二方向的电流Is2的表达式可知，当所述第二电压Vo2为零时，所述第二方向的电流Is2也为零。因此，可以通过所述处理器23检测所述第二检测电路153的第二电压Vo2是否为零来判断所述检测电阻RS上是否有第二方向的电流流过，若第二电压Vo2不为零，则表示所述电源端口Vbus和接地端口GND之间存在短路故障，进而通过所述处理器23控制所述用户终端20发出短路警示或关闭所述电源电路21。其中，表达式R7//(R5+R6)表示R5与R6串联后再与R7并联的总电阻R，具体地，所述总电阻R满足如下关系1/R＝1/R7+1/(R5+R6)，即R＝R7*(R5+R6)/(R5+R6+R7)。
可以理解，上述表达式中，R2为所述第二电阻的阻值、R3为所述第三电阻的阻值，R5为所述第五电阻的阻值，R6为所述第六电阻的阻值，R7为所述第七电阻的阻值，Rs为所述检测电阻的阻值。
请参阅图2，图2中所示为所述防短路检测装10的工作流程示意图。具体地，所述防短路检测装10的工作流程包括如下步骤：
步骤S1：当处理器检测到用户终端的外设接口有外围设备接入时，控制用户终端的电源电路为防短路检测装置上电，同时控制切换电路将检测电阻的第一端断开接地；
步骤S2：处理器读取第一检测电路输出的第一电压，并判断第一电压是否大于零；
步骤S3：若第一电压大于零，则处理器判断检测电阻上有第一方向的电流，从而判断外设接口的电源端口和接地端口之间存在短路故障，并跳转到步骤S7；
步骤S4：若第一电压不大于零，则控制用户终端的电源电路停止为防短路检测装置供电，同时控制切换电路将检测电阻的第一端切换接地；
步骤S5：处理器读取第二检测电路输出的第二电压，并判断第二电压是否大于零；
步骤S6：若第二电压大于零，则处理器判断检测电阻上有第二方向的电流，从而判断外设接口的电源端口和接地端口之间存在短路故障；
步骤S7：当判断外设接口的电源端口和接地端口之间存在短路故障时，控制用户终端发出短路警示或关闭电源电路；
步骤S8：若第二电压不大于零，则处理器判断检测电阻上没有电流流过，从而判断外设接口的电源端口和接地端口之间不存在短路故障，进而跳转到步骤S1，并重复上述工作流程。
在本发明一个实施例中，还提供一种用户终端20，包括电源电路21、处理器23、外设接口25及如图1所示实施例中的防短路检测装置10；所述外设接口25包括电源端口Vbus和接地端口GND，所述探针11与所述电源端口Vbus及所述接地端口GND间隔设置，且所述探针11的至少一部分位于所述电源端口Vbus和所述接地端口GND之间；所述电源端口Vbus与所述电源电路21电性连接，所述接地端口GND接地；所述防短路检测装置10与所述电源电路21及处理器23均电性连接，用于在所述处理器23的控制下检测所述电源端口Vbus和接地端口GND之间是否存在短路故障，并在所述电源端口Vbus和接地端口GND之间存在短路故障时，触发所述处理器23控制所述用户终端20发出短路警示或关闭所述电源电路21。
请参阅图3，在一种可能的实施方式中，所述外设接口25包括相互间隔设置的电源端口Vbus、接地端口GND和至少一个信号端口251，所述探针11设置于所述电源端口Vbus和所述接地端口GND之间。具体地，所述电源端口Vbus和所述接地端口GND分别设置于所述外设接口25相对的两端，所述至少一个信号端口251间隔设置于所述电源端口Vbus和所述接地端口GND 之间。在本实施例中，所述探针11设置于所述电源端口Vbus和与该电源端口Vbus相邻的信号端口251之间。可以理解，所述探针11可以设置于所述电源端口Vbus和所述接地端口GND之间的任意一个端口间隔内。
请参阅图4，在一种可能的实施方式中，所述探针11环绕所述电源端口Vbus设置。具体地，所述探针11环绕所述电源端口Vbus设置时，与所述电源端口Vbus之间形成环状的间隙111，当所述电源端口Vbus和所述接地端口GND之间不存在短路故障时，所述探针11与所述电源端口Vbus之间通过所述间隙111相互隔离，当所述电源端口Vbus和所述接地端口GND之间存在短路故障，例如所述电源端口Vbus和所述接地端口GND之间被导电液体短接时，由于所述探针11的至少一部分位于所述电源端口Vbus和所述接地端口GND之间，因此，所述探针11也会与所述电源端口Vbus和所述接地端口GND短接，从而在所述探针11上形成电压V2，进而根据该电压V2与所述检测电阻RS第一端的电压V1之间的电压差，在所述检测电阻RS上形成第一方向的电流或第二方向的电流，以便所述处理器23通过所述检测电路15检测所述第一方向的电流或第二方向的电流来判断所述电源端口Vbus和所述接地端口GND之间是否存在端口故障。
可以理解，所述防短路检测装置10的结构及其功能实现还可以参照本发明图1和图2所示实施例中的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
所述防短路检测装置10通过在所述电源端口Vbus和接地端口GND之间设置所述探针11，将所述探针11通过所述检测电阻RS与所述用户终端20的电源电路21电性连接，并可通过所述切换电路13切换接地，从而可以通过所述检测电路15检测所述检测电阻RS上是否存在短路电流来判断所述电源端口Vbus和接地端口GND之间是否出现短路故障，并在判断所述电源端口Vbus和接地端口GND之间出现短路故障时，触发所述用户终端20发出短路警示或关闭所述电源电路21，从而可以有效避免所述用户终端20的元器件因短路故障而遭到损坏。
以上所揭露的仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，当然不能以此来限定本发明之权利范围，本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例的全部或部分流程，并依本发明权利要求所作的等同变化，仍属于发明所涵盖的范围。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种防短路检测装置，用于检测用户终端的电源端口和接地端口之间是否存在短路，其特征在于，所述防短路检测装置包括探针、检测电阻、切换电路及检测电路；
    所述探针与所述电源端口及所述接地端口间隔设置，且所述探针的至少一部分位于所述电源端口和所述接地端口之间；
    所述检测电阻的第一端与所述用户终端的电源电路电性连接，用于从所述电源电路获取辅助电压，所述检测电阻的第二端与所述探针电性连接；
    所述切换电路与所述检测电阻的第一端及所述用户终端的处理器电性连接，用于在所述处理器的控制下将所述检测电阻的第一端切换接地或断开接地；
    所述检测电路与所述检测电阻的两端及所述处理器电性连接，用于检测所述检测电阻上的短路电流，并在所述短路电流不为零时，触发所述处理器控制所述用户终端发出短路警示或关闭所述电源电路。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的防短路检测装置，其特征在于，所述检测电路包括第一检测电路和第二检测电路，当所述切换电路将所述检测电阻的第一端断开接地时，所述第一检测电路用于检测所述检测电阻上第一方向的电流，并将所述第一方向的电流转换为第一电压；当所述切换电路将所述检测电阻的第一端切换接地时，所述第二检测电路用于检测所述检测电阻上第二方向的电流，并将所述第二方向的电流转换为第二电压。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的防短路检测装置，其特征在于，所述检测装置还包括二极管，所述二极管的正极与所述电源电路电性连接，所述二极管的负极与所述检测电阻的第一端电性连接；所述第一方向的电流从所述电源电路经所述二极管和所述检测电阻流向所述探针，并通过一第一短路电阻接地；所述第二方向的电流由所述电源端口经一第二短路电阻及所述探针流向所述检测电阻，并通过所述切换电路接地。
  4. 如权利要求2或3所述的防短路检测装置，其特征在于，所述第一检测电路包括第一放大器、第一三极管、第一电阻、第二电阻及第三电阻，所述第一放大器包括第一输入端、第二输入端及输出端，所述第一输入端通过所述第一电阻与所述检测电阻的第一端连接，所述第二输入端通过所述第二电阻与所述检测电阻的第二端连接，所述输出端与所述第一三极管的基极连接，所述第一三极管的集电极与所述第二输入端连接，所述第一三极管的发射极与所述处理器电性连接，并通过所述第三电阻接地。
  5. 如权利要求2或3所述的防短路检测装置，其特征在于，所述第二检测电路包括第二放大器、第二三极管、第四电阻、第五电阻及第六电阻，所述第二放大器包括第一输入端、第二输入端及输出端，所述第一输入端通过所述第四电阻与所述检测电阻的第二端连接，所述第二输入端通过所述第五电阻与所述检测电阻的第一端连接，所述输出端与所述第二三极管的基极连接，所述第二三极管的集电极与所述第二输入端连接，所述第二三极管的发射极与所述处理器电性连接，并通过所述第六电阻接地。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的防短路检测装置，其特征在于，所述切换电路包括第三三极管及第七电阻，所述第三三极管的基极与所述处理器电性连接，所述第三三极管的集电极与所述检测电阻的第一端连接，所述第三三极管的发射极通过所述第七电阻接地。
  7. 如权利要求4所述的防短路检测装置，其特征在于，当所述检测电阻的第一端的电压大于所述探针所在位置的电压时，所述检测电阻上的电流的方向为第一方向，所述检测电阻上第一方向的电流与所述第一电压的关系为：Is1＝(Vo1-Vo1*(R2+R3)/R3)/RS，其中，Is1为所述检测电阻上第一方向的电流，Vo1为所述第一电压，R2为所述第二电阻的阻值、R3为所述第三电阻的阻值，Rs为所述检测电阻的阻值。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的防短路检测装置，其特征在于，当所述检测电阻的第一端的电压小于所述探针所在位置的电压时，所述检测电阻上的电流的方向为第二方向，所述检测电阻上第二方向的电流与所述第二电压的关系为：Is2＝(Vo2-Vo2/R6*(R7//(R5+R6)))/Rs，其中，Is为所述检测电阻上第二方向的电流，Vo2为所述第二电压，R5为所述第五电阻的阻值，R6为所述第六电阻的阻值，R7为所述第七电阻的阻值，Rs为所述检测电阻的阻值。
  9. 一种用户终端，包括外设接口，其特征在于，所述用户终端还包括防短路检测装置，所述防短路检测装置包括探针、检测电阻、切换电路及检测电路；所述外设接口包括电源端口和接地端口，所述探针与所述电源端口及所述接地端口间隔设置，且所述探针的至少一部分位于所述电源端口和所述接地端口之间；
    所述检测电阻的第一端与所述用户终端的电源电路电性连接，用于从所述电源电路获取辅助电压，所述检测电阻的第二端与所述探针电性连接；
    所述切换电路与所述检测电阻的第一端及所述用户终端的处理器电性连接，用于在所述处理器的控制下将所述检测电阻的第一端切换接地或断开接地；
    所述检测电路与所述检测电阻的两端及所述处理器电性连接，用于检测所述检测电阻上的短路电流，并在所述短路电流不为零时，触发所述处理器控制所述用户终端发出短路警示或关闭所述电源电路。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的用户终端，其特征在于，所述防短路检测装置为如权利要求2-8任意一项所述的防短路检测装置。
  11. 如权利要求9或10所述的用户终端，其特征在于，所述探针设置于所述电源端口和所述接地端口之间。
  12. 如权利要求9或10所述的用户终端，其特征在于，所述探针环绕所述电源端口设置。
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