WO2017183155A1 - 摩擦材組成物、およびこれを用いた摩擦材および摩擦部材 - Google Patents
摩擦材組成物、およびこれを用いた摩擦材および摩擦部材 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017183155A1 WO2017183155A1 PCT/JP2016/062647 JP2016062647W WO2017183155A1 WO 2017183155 A1 WO2017183155 A1 WO 2017183155A1 JP 2016062647 W JP2016062647 W JP 2016062647W WO 2017183155 A1 WO2017183155 A1 WO 2017183155A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- friction material
- friction
- mass
- material composition
- copper
- Prior art date
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- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/149—Antislip compositions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/025—Compositions based on an organic binder
- F16D69/026—Compositions based on an organic binder containing fibres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B17/00—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F5/00—Compounds of magnesium
- C01F5/02—Magnesia
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
- C01G23/003—Titanates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G25/00—Compounds of zirconium
- C01G25/02—Oxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L83/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08L83/06—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/025—Compositions based on an organic binder
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/027—Compositions based on metals or inorganic oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/027—Compositions based on metals or inorganic oxides
- F16D69/028—Compositions based on metals or inorganic oxides containing fibres
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D2069/002—Combination of different friction materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0082—Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0086—Moulding materials together by application of heat and pressure
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a friction material composition containing no asbestos, a so-called non-asbestos friction material composition, and further relates to a friction material and a friction member using the same. Specifically, it is suitable for friction materials such as disc brake pads and brake linings used for braking in automobiles, especially disc brake pads that have a large load during braking.
- the present invention relates to a friction material composition having a low friction coefficient and excellent wear resistance, and further relates to a friction material and a friction member using the friction material composition.
- disc brakes and drum brakes are used as braking devices for automobiles, and disc brake pads and brake shoes in which a friction material is bonded to a metal base member such as steel are used as friction members. Yes.
- the friction material includes a semi-metallic friction material containing 30% by mass or more and less than 60% by mass of steel fiber as a fiber base material, including steel fiber in a part of the fiber base material, and steel fiber It is classified into low steel friction material containing less than 30% by mass with respect to the total amount of the friction material composition, and NAO (Non-Asbestos-Organic) material containing almost no steel fibers such as steel fiber and stainless steel as the fiber base material. Yes.
- Friction members using friction materials made of NAO material which are made of friction adjusting materials such as materials, organic fillers, inorganic fillers, inorganic abrasives, lubricants and metal particles, have been widely used.
- a friction material composition containing a binder, a fiber base material, an inorganic filler, an organic filler, and the like is used as the friction material.
- a friction material composition combining two or more kinds is used.
- copper is blended into the friction material in the form of fibers and powders, and is an effective component for maintaining the friction coefficient under high-temperature braking conditions (fading resistance), improving wear resistance at high temperatures, and improving the strength of friction materials. It is.
- the friction material containing copper contains copper in the abrasion powder generated during braking, and it is suggested that it may cause pollution of rivers, lakes and oceans. .
- the friction material plays the role of braking by rubbing against the facing material such as the disk rotor and brake drum, and converting its kinetic energy into thermal energy, but when part is converted into vibration energy
- Another problem is that squeal is generated by vibration energy.
- the above measures are effective for improving the wear resistance and stabilizing the friction coefficient during high-speed and high-load braking, but there is room for improvement in the problem of such squealing.
- the present invention does not contain copper that may cause pollution of rivers, lakes, oceans, and the like, or even if it contains 0.5% by mass or less.
- a friction material composition capable of providing a friction material having excellent friction coefficient during wear braking, wear resistance and attack of a counterpart material and suppressing squealing, and a friction material and a friction member using the friction material composition The purpose is to provide.
- the inventors of the present invention have studied focusing on the binder when improving the friction material composition using a specific amount of a specific inorganic filler having a high melting point and a specific hardness range. It was found that by using a silicone rubber-dispersed phenol resin as a material, squeal can be suppressed while maintaining the wear resistance and the stability of the friction coefficient during high-speed and high-load braking.
- the friction material composition of the present invention is based on this finding.
- the friction material composition includes a binder, an organic filler, an inorganic filler, and a fiber base material.
- the copper content in the composition is 0.5% by mass or less as a copper element or is not contained
- the binder contains 5 to 10% by mass of a silicone rubber-dispersed phenol resin
- the inorganic filler is oxidized. 20 to 33% by mass of zirconium is contained.
- the friction material composition of the present invention contains 10 to 30% by mass of titanate as the inorganic filler, 3 to 10% by mass of magnesium oxide as the inorganic filler, and the inorganic filler. It is preferable to contain 3 to 8% by mass of metal sulfide.
- the friction material of the present invention is formed by molding the above friction material composition.
- the friction member of the present invention is formed using a friction material obtained by molding the friction material composition and a back metal.
- the friction material composition of the present invention When the friction material composition of the present invention is used for a friction material such as an automobile disc brake pad or brake lining, the wear powder generated during braking does not contain copper, or the copper contained in the wear powder is extremely small. Therefore, the load on the environment is small, an excellent coefficient of friction and wear resistance can be exhibited during high-speed and high-load braking, and the occurrence of squeal can be suppressed. Moreover, the friction material and friction member which have the said characteristic can be provided by using the friction material composition of this invention.
- (A) is a top view which shows an example of the brake pad (friction member) which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention, (b), (c) is each AA cross section of (a), (b) Shows the case without an adhesive layer having a predetermined thickness, and (c) shows the case with an adhesive layer having a predetermined thickness.
- the friction material composition of the present invention is a friction material composition containing a binder, an organic filler, an inorganic filler, and a fiber base material, and substantially free of asbestos, in the friction material composition.
- the first feature is that the copper content is 0.5% by mass or less or not contained as a copper element. That is, even if it does not contain copper or contains copper, it is a very small amount of 0.5% by mass or less, so there is a risk that rivers, lakes, oceans, etc. will be contaminated by abrasion powder generated during braking. There is no.
- the friction material accumulates heat at a high load, so that the thermal decomposition of the phenol resin as the binder and the organic fiber as the fiber base material is achieved.
- the phenol resin, the organic fiber, and the like are decomposed, whereby the skeletal strength of the friction material is lowered, and abrupt wear and a friction coefficient are lowered.
- the wear resistance at high speed and high load braking is improved. Stabilize the friction coefficient.
- the friction material composition of the present invention uses zirconium oxide as the inorganic filler.
- the inorganic filler preferably contains titanate, magnesium oxide, or metal sulfide.
- Zirconium oxide is suitable as a skeleton of the friction material because it is hard and has high heat resistance.
- the content of zirconium oxide is appropriate, it contributes to the stabilization of the friction coefficient, and also exhibits good crack resistance and wear resistance.
- the excessive addition of zirconium oxide increases the aggressiveness of the facing material (disk rotor) and deteriorates the wear resistance.
- the addition amount of zirconium oxide is 20 to 33% by mass, the wear resistance at high speed and high load braking is improved and the friction coefficient is stabilized.
- the content of zirconium oxide is preferably 23 to 33% by mass, and more preferably 25 to 30% by mass.
- the particle diameter of zirconium oxide when the particle diameter of zirconium oxide is 30 ⁇ m or less, it can be dispersed more uniformly in the friction material, and deterioration of wear resistance can be avoided.
- the average particle diameter of zirconium oxide is preferably 20 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 15 ⁇ m or less.
- the particle diameter and average particle diameter of zirconium oxide can be measured using a method such as laser diffraction particle size distribution measurement. For example, it can be measured by a laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution measuring apparatus (for example, LA.920 (manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.)).
- titanate In the friction material composition of this invention, it is preferable to contain a titanate as another inorganic filler.
- the titanate forms a skeleton together with zirconium oxide and reinforces the zirconium oxide to contribute to the strengthening of the friction material, and also reduces the aggressiveness to the facing material and contributes to stabilizing the friction coefficient.
- the content of excessive titanate is reduced, the wear resistance at high temperatures is lowered, and the attacking property of the facing material is increased to lower the wear resistance. Also, metal catches are likely to occur.
- the titanate content is preferably 10 to 25% by mass, more preferably 15 to 25% by mass.
- the titanate potassium titanate, lithium potassium titanate, magnesium potassium titanate, or the like can be used.
- the potassium titanate for example, K 2 O ⁇ 6TiO 2, K 2 O ⁇ 8TiO 2 , and the like.
- the lithium potassium titanate is represented by, for example, K 0.3-0.7 Li 0.27 Ti 1.73 O 3.8-3.95 produced by mixing a titanium source, a lithium source, and a potassium source. And the like.
- Table In The titanate magnesium potassium for example, K 0.2-0.7 Mg 0.4 Ti 1.6 O 3.7-3.95 prepared by mixing a titanium source and a magnesium source and potassium source And the like. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, lithium potassium titanate and magnesium potassium titanate are preferable because they further improve the wear resistance at high temperatures.
- the titanate may be in the form of fibers, columns, plates, particles, scales, amoeba or porous, and these may be used alone or in combination of two or more. be able to.
- the shapes in order to further improve the high temperature wear resistance, it is preferable to use a scaly shape, a columnar shape or a plate shape.
- the shape of the titanate can be analyzed, for example, by observation with a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
- an average particle diameter is represented by a median diameter, and a median diameter shows the 50% diameter calculated
- the specific surface area can be determined by a BET method using nitrogen gas as an adsorption gas.
- magnesium oxide is preferably 3 to 8% by mass, and more preferably 4 to 7% by mass.
- the friction material composition of the present invention preferably contains a metal sulfide as a component of the inorganic filler.
- Metal sulfides contribute to stabilization of the friction coefficient during high-speed and high-load braking, but if the amount added is excessive, the friction coefficient decreases. In this regard, when the amount of metal sulfide added is 3 to 8% by mass, the friction coefficient during high-speed and high-load braking is stabilized and the friction material wear is improved.
- metal sulfide used in the present invention examples include antimony trisulfide, tin sulfide, tin disulfide, molybdenum disulfide, iron sulfide, iron disulfide, bismuth sulfide, zinc sulfide, tungsten disulfide, and the like. Or in combination of two or more.
- the metal sulfide content is more preferably 3 to 7% by mass, and further preferably 3 to 6% by mass.
- inorganic fillers In the friction material composition of the present invention, inorganic fillers other than the above-described zirconium oxide, titanate, magnesium oxide and metal sulfide can be used in combination.
- the inorganic filler is not particularly limited as long as it is usually an inorganic filler used for a friction material.
- activated alumina such as titanium oxide, silica, ⁇ -alumina, and ⁇ -alumina can be used, and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the binding material integrates an organic filler, an inorganic filler, a fiber base, and the like contained in the friction material composition to give strength.
- the friction material composition of the present invention can improve the wear resistance during high speed and high load braking, stabilize the friction coefficient, and reduce the facing material aggression property by using the above inorganic filler.
- a silicone rubber-dispersed phenol resin as a binder, in addition to the above effects, the occurrence of squeal during braking is suppressed.
- Silicone rubber-dispersed phenolic resin has high elasticity and high heat resistance, so it does not decompose easily during braking during high-speed and high-load braking, and effectively absorbs vibration energy that converts part of the heat energy. This suppresses the occurrence of squeaking during braking.
- the addition amount of the silicone rubber-dispersed phenol resin is excessive, the contents of the inorganic filler, the organic filler, and the fiber base material are reduced accordingly.
- the amount of the silicone rubber-dispersed phenol resin used as the binder is 5 to 10% by mass, the occurrence of squeal can be effectively suppressed.
- the content of the silicone rubber-dispersed phenol resin is preferably 5 to 9% by mass, and more preferably 6 to 9% by mass.
- the amount of silicone rubber in the silicone rubber-dispersed phenol resin is preferably in the range of 3 to 10% by mass.
- the size of the silicone rubber particles dispersed in the phenol resin is preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 30 ⁇ m or less.
- the organic filler is included as a friction modifier for improving the sound vibration performance of the friction material (performance that does not easily generate squeal or vibration during braking) and wear resistance.
- the organic filler contained in the friction material composition of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can exhibit the above performance, and usually uses cashew dust, a rubber component, etc. used as an organic filler. Can do.
- the cashew dust is obtained by pulverizing a hardened cashew nut shell oil, and may be any one that is usually used for a friction material.
- the rubber component examples include natural rubber, acrylic rubber, isoprene rubber, polybutadiene rubber (BR), nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and the like.
- BR polybutadiene rubber
- NBR nitrile-butadiene rubber
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- a combination of more than one species can be used.
- Cashew dust and a rubber component may be used in combination, or cashew dust coated with a rubber component may be used.
- the organic filler it is preferable to use cashew dust and a rubber component in combination from the viewpoint of sound vibration performance.
- the content of the organic filler in the friction material composition of the present invention is preferably 1 to 20% by mass, more preferably 1 to 15% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 15% by mass. Further preferred.
- the content of the organic filler in the range of 1 to 20% by mass, it is possible to avoid deterioration of sound vibration performance such as squealing due to increase in the elastic modulus of the friction material, and deterioration of heat resistance. It is possible to avoid a decrease in strength due to thermal history.
- the mass ratio of cashew dust to the rubber component is preferably in the range of 0.2 to 10, preferably 0.3 to 5. A range is more preferable.
- Fiber substrate The fiber base material exhibits a reinforcing action in the friction material.
- inorganic fibers, metal fibers, organic fibers, carbon fibers, etc. which are usually used as fiber base materials, can be used alone, or these Two or more types can be used in combination.
- the fibrous base material here does not include the above-described fibrous form of titanate.
- inorganic fiber ceramic fiber, biodegradable ceramic fiber, mineral fiber, glass fiber, silicate fiber and the like can be used, and one kind or a combination of two or more kinds can be used.
- the mineral fiber referred to here is a man-made inorganic fiber melt-spun mainly composed of blast furnace slag such as slag wool, basalt such as basalt fiber, and other natural rocks, and is a natural mineral containing Al element. Is more preferable. Specifically, those containing SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , CaO, MgO, FeO, Na 2 O, etc., or those containing one or more of these compounds can be used, more preferably. Of these, those containing Al element can be used as mineral fibers.
- the average fiber length of the entire mineral fiber is preferably 500 ⁇ m or less, More preferably, it is 100 to 400 ⁇ m.
- the average fiber length means an average fiber length indicating an average value of the lengths of all corresponding fibers.
- the average fiber length of 200 ⁇ m indicates that 50 mineral fibers used as a friction material composition raw material are randomly selected, the fiber length is measured with an optical microscope, and the average value is 200 ⁇ m.
- the mineral fiber used in the present invention is preferably biosoluble.
- biosoluble mineral fiber refers to a mineral fiber having a characteristic that even if it is taken into the human body, it is partly decomposed and discharged outside the body in a short time.
- the chemical composition is alkali oxide, alkaline earth oxide total amount (total amount of oxides of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, barium) is 18% by mass or more, and in a short-term biopermanent test by respiration, A fiber that has a mass half-life of 20 ⁇ m or more within 40 days or no evidence of excessive carcinogenicity in an intraperitoneal test or that has no associated pathogenicity or tumor development in a long-term breath test (EU directive 97/69 / EC Nota Q (carcinogenic exclusion)).
- biodegradable mineral fibers examples include SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 —CaO—MgO—FeO—Na 2 O fibers, and the like, including SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , CaO, MgO, FeO, Na Examples thereof include fibers containing 2 O or the like in any combination.
- LAPINUS FIBERS B.M. For example, V Roxul series. “Roxul” includes SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , CaO, MgO, FeO, Na 2 O and the like.
- metal fibers other than copper and a copper alloy from a viewpoint of friction coefficient improvement and crack resistance, but content is 5 mass% from a viewpoint of an improvement in wear resistance and metal catch suppression. The following is required.
- the wear resistance is deteriorated and metal catches are easily generated for the improvement of the friction coefficient, and therefore metal fibers other than copper and copper alloy are not contained (content 0 mass%).
- metal fibers other than copper and copper alloys include, for example, fibers in the form of single metals or alloys such as aluminum, iron, zinc, tin, titanium, nickel, magnesium, and silicon, and fibers mainly composed of metals such as cast iron fibers. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- an aramid fiber As the organic fiber, an aramid fiber, a cellulose fiber, a PBO fiber, an acrylic fiber, a phenol resin fiber (having a crosslinked structure) and the like can be used, and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more. It is possible to use an aramid fiber from the viewpoint of wear resistance.
- carbon-based fibers flame-resistant fibers, pitch-based carbon fibers, PAN-based carbon fibers, activated carbon fibers and the like can be used, and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the fiber base material in the friction material composition of the present invention is preferably 5 to 40% by mass, more preferably 5 to 20% by mass, and still more preferably 5 to 18% by mass. .
- the content of the iron-based fiber in the friction material composition of the present invention is 5% by mass or less, or the iron-based fiber. It is preferable not to contain a fiber.
- the friction material composition of this invention can mix
- an organic additive such as a fluorine-based polymer such as PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) can be blended.
- the present invention provides a friction material and a friction member using the above-described friction material composition.
- the friction material composition of the present invention can be used as a friction material for disc brake pads and brake linings of automobiles and the like by molding the friction material composition. Since the friction material of the present invention is excellent in friction coefficient maintenance and wear resistance at high speed and high load, it is suitable for a friction material of a disk brake pad having a large load during braking.
- a friction member in which the friction material is formed it is possible to obtain a friction member in which the friction material is formed to be a friction surface.
- Examples of the friction member that can be formed using the friction material include the following configurations. (1) Configuration of friction material only. (2) The structure which has a back metal and the friction material which consists of a friction material composition of this invention used as a friction surface on this back metal. (3) In the configuration of (2) above, between the back metal and the friction material, a primer layer for the purpose of surface modification for enhancing the adhesion effect of the back metal, and for the purpose of bonding the back metal and the friction material A configuration in which an adhesive layer is further interposed.
- the backing metal is usually used as a friction member in order to improve the mechanical strength of the friction member.
- metal or fiber reinforced plastic can be used.
- the primer layer and the adhesive layer those usually used for friction members such as brake shoes may be used.
- the friction material of the present invention can be produced by a generally used method, and is produced by molding the friction material composition of the present invention, preferably by hot pressing. Specifically, the friction material composition of the present invention is uniformly mixed using a mixer such as a Laedige mixer, a pressure kneader, or an Eirich mixer ("Eirich” is a registered trademark), and the mixture is molded. Preliminarily molded with a mold, the obtained preform is molded in a molding temperature of 130 ° C. to 160 ° C. and a molding pressure of 20 to 50 MPa in 2 to 10 minutes. Heat treatment for 2 to 10 hours. A friction material can be manufactured by performing coating, scorch treatment, and polishing treatment as necessary.
- the friction material composition of the present invention is useful as a “upholstery material” for friction members such as disc brake pads and brake linings because of its excellent friction coefficient maintenance and wear resistance at high speed and high load. It can also be molded and used as a “underlaying material” for the member.
- the “upper material” is a friction material that becomes the friction surface of the friction member
- the “underlay material” is a friction material that is interposed between the friction material that becomes the friction surface of the friction member and the back metal. It is a layer for the purpose of improving the shear strength and crack resistance in the vicinity of the adhesion part with the back metal.
- FIG. 1 shows a brake pad 1 of an automotive disc brake which is a friction member according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the brake pad 1 is configured by adhering a plate-shaped friction material 2 to one surface of a plate-shaped back metal 3 made of cast iron, and a disk rotor in which a surface 21 of the friction material 2 is a facing material. A friction surface that is pressed against (not shown) is configured.
- the brake pad 1 as a whole is formed in an arc shape along the circumferential direction of the disk rotor, and a slit 22 extending in the radial direction is formed at the circumferential central portion on the surface 21 side of the friction material 2, and both circumferential ends.
- a chamfer 23 is formed on the front side.
- the friction material 2 is formed by molding the friction material composition described above, and the brake pad 1 has, for example, the above-described configuration (2) or (3) in the friction member.
- FIG.1 (b) is sectional drawing which shows the structure of (2).
- FIG. 1C is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of (3), and reference numeral 4 denotes an adhesive layer provided at a predetermined thickness between the friction material 2 and the back metal 3.
- the brake pad 1 is pre-molded with the friction material 2 obtained by preparing and mixing the above-mentioned various materials as a raw material, and is heated and pressed together with the back metal 3 while the preform is adhered to the back metal 3. After the molding, necessary processes (heat treatment, painting, scorch process, polishing process, etc.) are performed, and the friction material 2 is manufactured by forming the slit 22 and the chamfer 23.
- Evaluation in this example was performed by the method shown in Table 1, and the results were evaluated according to the described evaluation criteria. However, the evaluation of the squealing performance was performed based on SAE J2521, and was evaluated based on the squeal generation rate of 70 dB or more and 1000 to 15000 Hz.
- the test was evaluated using a dynamometer with an inertia of 7 kgf ⁇ m ⁇ s 2 . Further, a ventilated disc rotor (manufactured by Kiriu Co., Ltd., material FC190) and a general pin slide type collet type caliper were used.
- Examples 1 to 11 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 The materials were blended according to the blending ratio shown in Table 2 to obtain the friction material compositions of Examples and Comparative Examples.
- the unit of the compounding quantity of each component of Table 2 is the mass% in a friction material composition.
- the friction material composition is mixed with a Laedige mixer (manufactured by Matsubo Co., Ltd., trade name: Ladige mixer M20), and this mixture is preformed with a molding press (manufactured by Oji Machinery Co., Ltd.).
- the preform was heated and pressure-molded together with a steel back metal using a molding press (manufactured by Sanki Seiko Co., Ltd.) for 5 minutes under conditions of a molding temperature of 150 ° C. and a molding pressure of 30 MPa.
- a molding press manufactured by Sanki Seiko Co., Ltd.
- the obtained molded product was heat treated at 200 ° C. for 4.5 hours, polished using a rotary polishing machine, subjected to scorch treatment at 500 ° C., and a disc brake pad (friction material thickness 11 mm, friction material projection). An area 52 cm 2 ) was obtained.
- Tables 2 and 3 show the results of the above evaluation on the produced disc brake pads.
- Titanate 1 manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd.
- Terrases TF-S Ingredients: Potassium titanate, shape: flake shaped Median diameter: 7 ⁇ m, specific surface area: 3.5 m 2 / g
- Titanate 2 manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd.
- Terrases L Ingredients: Lithium potassium titanate, shape: flake shaped Median diameter: 25 ⁇ m, specific surface area: 0.6 m 2 / g Zirconium oxide A: manufactured by Daiichi Rare Element Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- the friction material composition of the present invention does not contain copper in the wear powder generated at the time of braking, or has a very low copper content in the wear powder, so there is little environmental pollution and friction during high-speed and high-load braking.
- the friction material is excellent in coefficient, wear resistance, and partner material attack resistance, and can suppress squealing. Therefore, it is useful for friction materials and friction members such as brake pads and brake linings of automobiles.
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Abstract
Description
2…摩擦材
22…スリット
23…チャンファー
3…裏金
4…接着層
本発明の摩擦材組成物は、結合材、有機充填材、無機充填材、および繊維基材を含有するとともに、アスベストを実質的に含まない摩擦材組成物であって、該摩擦材組成物中の銅の含有量が銅元素として0.5質量%以下または含有しないことを第1の特徴とする。すなわち、銅を含有しない、あるいは銅を含有する場合であっても0.5質量%以下と極微量であるため、制動時に発生する摩耗粉によって、河川、湖、および海洋などが汚染されるおそれがないものである。
本発明の摩擦材組成物は、上記の無機充填材として酸化ジルコニウムを用いる。また、無機充填材としてはチタン酸塩、酸化マグネシウム、金属硫化物を含有することが好ましい。
酸化ジルコニウムは、硬く、かつ耐熱性が高いため、摩擦材の骨格として好適なものである。酸化ジルコニウムは含有量を適正なものとすることで、摩擦係数の安定化に寄与するとともに、良好な耐クラック性、および耐摩耗性が発現する。その一方で、過大な酸化ジルコニウムの添加は、対面材(ディスクロータ)の攻撃性が増加することとなり、耐摩耗性が悪化することとなる。この点、酸化ジルコニウムの添加量を20~33質量%とすると、高速・高負荷制動時における耐摩耗性を良好にするとともに、摩擦係数が安定したものとなる。酸化ジルコニウムの含有量は、23~33質量%であることが好ましく、25~30質量%であることがさらに好ましい。
本発明の摩擦材組成物においては、他の無機充填材としてチタン酸塩を含有することが好ましい。チタン酸塩は、酸化ジルコニウムとともに骨格を形成し、酸化ジルコニウムを補強して摩擦材の強化に寄与するとともに、対面材への攻撃性を低下させて、摩擦係数を安定化することに寄与する。その一方で過大なチタン酸塩の含有は、高温での耐摩耗性の低下が生じるとともに、対面材攻撃性が増加して耐摩耗性が低下することとなる。また、メタルキャッチも生じやすくなる。この点で、チタン酸塩の含有量を10~30質量%とすると、これらの不具合を回避して上記効果を得ることができるので好ましい。なお、チタン酸塩の含有量は、10~25質量%であることが好ましく、15~25質量%であることがより好ましい。
また、本発明の摩擦材組成物においては、他の無機充填材として酸化マグネシウムを含有することが好ましい。酸化マグネシウムも硬く、かつ耐熱性が高いため、酸化ジルコニウムとともに骨格を形成し、酸化ジルコニウムを補強して耐クラック性および耐摩耗性の向上に寄与する。その一方で、過大な酸化マグネシウムの添加は、対面材(ディスクロータ)の攻撃性が増加することとなり、耐摩耗性が悪化することとなる。この点、酸化マグネシウムの添加量を3~10質量%とすると、上記の酸化ジルコニウム補強の効果を良好に得ることができる。なお酸化マグネシウムの含有量は、3~8質量%であることが好ましく、4~7質量%であることがさらに好ましい。
さらに、本発明の摩擦材組成物においては、無機充填材の成分として金属硫化物を含有することが好ましい。金属硫化物は、高速・高負荷制動時における摩擦係数の安定化に寄与するが、添加量が過大となると摩擦係数の低下が生じる。この点、金属硫化物の添加量を3~8質量%とすると、高速・高負荷制動時における摩擦係数が安定するとともに摩擦材の摩耗が良好なものとなる。本発明に用いられる金属硫化物としては、三硫化アンチモン、硫化錫、二硫化錫、二硫化モリブデン、硫化鉄、二硫化鉄、硫化ビスマス、硫化亜鉛、二硫化タングステン等が挙げられ、これらを単独で、または2種類以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。金属硫化物の含有量は3~7質量%であることがより好ましく、3~6質量%であることがさらに好ましい。
本発明の摩擦材組成物には、上記の酸化ジルコニウム、チタン酸塩、酸化マグネシウムおよび金属硫化物以外の無機充填材を組み合わせて用いることができる。該無機充填材としては、通常、摩擦材に用いられる無機充填材であれば特に制限はない。例えば、水酸化カルシウム、酸化カルシウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、硫酸バリウム、ドロマイト、コークス、酸化鉄、バーミキュライト、硫酸カルシウム、黒鉛、マイカ、タルク、クレー、ゼオライト、ケイ酸ジルコニウム、ムライト、クロマイト、酸化チタン、シリカ、α-アルミナ、γ-アルミナ等の活性アルミナ等を用いることができ、これらは単独で、または2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
結合材は、摩擦材組成物に含まれる有機充填材、無機充填材および繊維基材などを一体化し、強度を与えるものである。本発明の摩擦材組成物は、上記の無機充填材とすることで高速・高負荷制動時における耐摩耗性を良好にするとともに、摩擦係数を安定にし、かつ対面材攻撃性を低下させることができるが、結合材としてシリコーンゴム分散フェノール樹脂を用いることで、上記の効果に加えて制動時の鳴きの発生を抑制する。
シリコーンゴム分散フェノール樹脂は、弾性が高く、かつ耐熱性も高いため、高速・高負荷制動時における制動時に容易に分解せず、かつ熱エネルギーの一部が変換される振動エネルギーを効果的に吸収して制動時の鳴きの発生を抑制する。ただしシリコーンゴム分散フェノール樹脂の添加量が過大となると上記の無機充填材や、有機充填材および繊維基材の含有量がその分減少することとなる。この点、結合材として用いるシリコーンゴム分散フェノール樹脂の添加量を5~10質量%とすると効果的に鳴きの発生を抑制することができる。シリコーンゴム分散フェノール樹脂の含有量は5~9質量%であることが好ましく、6~9質量%とすることがより好ましい。
有機充填材は、摩擦材の音振性能(制動時に鳴きや振動が発生し難いという性能)や耐摩耗性などを向上させるための摩擦調整材として含まれるものである。本発明の摩擦材組成物に含まれる有機充填材としては、上記性能を発揮することができるものであれば特に制限はなく、通常、有機充填材として用いられるカシューダストやゴム成分などを用いることができる。上記カシューダストは、カシューナッツシェルオイルを硬化させたものを粉砕して得られるものであって、通常、摩擦材に用いられるものであればよい。上記ゴム成分としては、例えば、天然ゴム、アクリルゴム、イソプレンゴム、ポリブタジエンゴム(BR)、ニトリル-ブタジエンゴム(NBR)、スチレン-ブタジエンゴム(SBR)等が挙げられ、これらを単独で、または2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。また、カシューダストとゴム成分とを併用してもよく、カシューダストをゴム成分で被覆したものを用いてもよい。有機充填材としては、音振性能の観点から、カシューダストとゴム成分とを併用することが好ましい。
繊維基材は、摩擦材において補強作用を示すものである。
本発明の摩擦材組成物は、前記の結合材、有機充填材、無機充填材、繊維基材以外に、必要に応じてその他の材料を配合することができる。例えば、耐摩耗性の観点から、PTFE(ポリテトラフルオロエチレン)等のフッ素系ポリマー等の有機添加剤等を配合することができる。
本発明は、上述の摩擦材組成物を用いた摩擦材および摩擦部材を提供する。
(1)摩擦材のみの構成。
(2)裏金と、該裏金の上に摩擦面となる本発明の摩擦材組成物からなる摩擦材とを有する構成。
(3)上記(2)の構成において、裏金と摩擦材との間に、裏金の接着効果を高めるための表面改質を目的としたプライマー層、および、裏金と摩擦材との接着を目的とした接着層をさらに介在させた構成。
表2に示す配合比率に従って材料を配合し、実施例および比較例の摩擦材組成物を得た。なお、表2の各成分の配合量の単位は、摩擦材組成物中の質量%である。この摩擦材組成物をレーディゲミキサー(株式会社マツボー社製、商品名:レーディゲミキサーM20)で混合し、この混合物を成形プレス(王子機械工業株式会社製)で予備成形し、得られた予備成形物を成形温度150℃、成形圧力30MPaの条件で5分間成形プレス(三起精工株式会社製)を用いて鋼製の裏金とともに加熱加圧成形した。次いで、得られた成形品を200℃で4.5時間熱処理し、ロータリー研磨機を用いて研磨し、500℃のスコーチ処理を行って、ディスクブレーキパッド(摩擦材の厚さ11mm、摩擦材投影面積52cm2)を得た。作製したディスクブレーキパッドについて、前記の評価を行った結果を表2および表3に示す。
・チタン酸塩1:大塚化学株式会社製(商品名:テラセスTF-S)
成分:チタン酸カリウム、形状 :燐片状
メジアン径:7μm、比表面積:3.5m2/g
・チタン酸塩2:大塚化学株式会社製(商品名:テラセスL)
成分:チタン酸リチウムカリウム、形状:燐片状
メジアン径:25μm、比表面積:0.6m2/g
・酸化ジルコニウムA:第一稀元素化学工業株式会社製(商品名:BR-12QZ)
平均粒子径8.5μm、最大粒子径15μm
・酸化ジルコニウムB:第一稀元素化学工業株式会社製(商品名:BR-3QZ)
平均粒子径2.0μm、最大粒子径45μm
Claims (6)
- 結合材、有機充填材、無機充填材、および繊維基材を含有する摩擦材組成物であって、
該摩擦材組成物中の銅の含有量が、銅元素として0.5質量%以下または含有せず、
前記結合材として、シリコーンゴム分散フェノール樹脂を5~10質量%含有し、
前記無機充填材として、酸化ジルコニウムを20~33質量%含有する摩擦材組成物。 - 前記無機充填材として、チタン酸塩を10~30質量%含有する請求項1に記載の摩擦材組成物。
- 前記無機充填材として、酸化マグネシウムを3~10質量%含有する請求項1または2に記載の摩擦材組成物。
- 前記無機充填材として、金属硫化物を3~8質量%含有する請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の摩擦材組成物。
- 請求項1~4に記載の摩擦材組成物を成形してなる摩擦材。
- 請求項1~4に記載の摩擦材組成物を成形してなる摩擦材と裏金とを用いて成形される摩擦部材。
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JP7361520B2 (ja) | 2019-07-23 | 2023-10-16 | 日清紡ブレーキ株式会社 | 摩擦材 |
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KR20170140152A (ko) | 2017-12-20 |
JPWO2017183155A1 (ja) | 2018-04-26 |
JP6281755B1 (ja) | 2018-02-21 |
EP3321338A1 (en) | 2018-05-16 |
EP3321338B1 (en) | 2021-04-14 |
EP3321338A4 (en) | 2019-01-09 |
US20180106321A1 (en) | 2018-04-19 |
EP3321338B8 (en) | 2021-05-26 |
MX2017016591A (es) | 2018-05-17 |
KR20190017068A (ko) | 2019-02-19 |
US11137043B2 (en) | 2021-10-05 |
KR20200030643A (ko) | 2020-03-20 |
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