WO2017181784A1 - 饲料添加剂在制备提高鸡蛋品质、蛋鸡产蛋性能的蛋鸡饲料中的应用 - Google Patents

饲料添加剂在制备提高鸡蛋品质、蛋鸡产蛋性能的蛋鸡饲料中的应用 Download PDF

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WO2017181784A1
WO2017181784A1 PCT/CN2017/076070 CN2017076070W WO2017181784A1 WO 2017181784 A1 WO2017181784 A1 WO 2017181784A1 CN 2017076070 W CN2017076070 W CN 2017076070W WO 2017181784 A1 WO2017181784 A1 WO 2017181784A1
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Prior art keywords
feed
egg
feed additive
laying hen
vitamin
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PCT/CN2017/076070
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
冯凤琴
刘梦芸
张辉
赵豪斌
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浙江大学
杭州康源食品科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2017181784A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017181784A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
    • A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of feed additive processing, in particular to the application of feed additives in preparing laying hen feed for improving egg quality and laying performance of laying hens.
  • Monolaurin is an excellent food emulsifier. It is also a safe, efficient and broad-spectrum antibacterial agent. It also has anti-viral properties and is widely used in food, health care products, medicine, daily necessities and other fields. At present, glycerol monolaurate has been used as a feed additive to prevent mildew and emulsification of feed, such as:
  • the invention patent application filed with the publication No. CN101797011A discloses a feed antifungal agent containing glycerol monolaurate, sodium dehydroacetate, calcium propionate and a carrier.
  • the feed anti-mold agent has a small addition amount and does not affect the palatability of the animal.
  • the moisture and heat resistance is good, and the effect is small, and the microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi in the feed are effectively inhibited and killed.
  • the effect is better than other conventional single mold inhibitors.
  • the invention patent application filed with the publication No. CN103181458A discloses a coated high-quality emulsifier for coating and its preparation process.
  • the emulsifier comprises 10 to 30% of glyceryl monostearate, 10 to 30% of sucrose monolaurate, 5 to 20% of sorbitan monolaurate, 5 to 10% of glycerol monolaurate, and polyethylene.
  • 20-50% alcohol and 20-50% silica suitable for emulsification of various oils and fats in feed, stable emulsification effect, can keep not breaking for a long time, can withstand high temperature treatment after coating treatment, suitable for feed Granulation processing.
  • Monolaurin is also used as a feed additive to promote animal growth and disease resistance, such as:
  • the invention patent of the publication No. CN102696883A discloses a feed additive and an application thereof, which comprises, in weight percentage, 20 to 60% of glycerol monolaurate, 10 to 40% of calcium propionate, 0 to 50%. Feed carrier.
  • the feed additive has the effects of bacteriostatic and antiviral, reducing the use of antibiotics in the feed, promoting animal growth, improving animal survival rate and disease resistance.
  • the invention patent application file with the application publication number CN105076790 discloses a nutrient green low disease death in the goose fattening period.
  • Rate goose feed comprises, by weight, 20 to 25 parts of corn, 5 to 20 parts of wheat, 20 to 30 parts of expanded soybean meal, 1 to 5 parts of lard, 6 to 10 parts of chrysanthemum, 5 to 15 parts of wheat bran, and fermented biological protein.
  • the high-efficiency attractant contains 0.5-0.85 parts of glycerol monolaurate, which mainly stimulates the goose brain to promote feeding, and the nutrient is uniformly absorbed in the goose intestine, effectively repairing intestinal mucosal damage, and effectively promoting the formation of beneficial bacteria in the goose gut. Enhance immune function. After the feed is fed, the swan feces can be formed, not odorous and delicate. The growth is good after 6 days of feeding. After 10 days of feeding, the gooseneck becomes thicker, the coat color is brighter, the weight gain is faster, the goose morbidity rate is 0.5-0.9%, and the mortality rate is 0.
  • the invention patent application filed with the publication No. CN105076789A discloses an efficient fattening goose feed.
  • the feed comprises, by weight: 10-40 parts of corn, 22-35 parts of wheat, 15-25 parts of rice bran, 0.5-3 parts of lard, 5-10 parts of chrysanthemum, 8-15 parts of corn bran, fermented biological protein.
  • the high-efficiency attractant contains 1 to 3 parts of glycerol monolaurate, which is mainly synergistic with shrimp shell powder, chlorella powder, astaxanthin oil, corn oil and fish oil to improve the color of goose and stimulate the olfactory organs of goose. Increase the effect of food intake. After the feed is fed, the swan feces can be formed, not odorous and delicate. The growth is good after 6 days of feeding. After 10 days of feeding, the gooseneck becomes thicker, the coat color is brighter, the weight gain is faster, the goose ill rate is 1 to 1.2%, and the mortality rate is 0.
  • the invention patent application publication No. CN1659977A discloses a feed for squid.
  • the feed contains a medium chain fatty acid having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and the fatty acid is present in the feed in the form of a fatty acid salt, or a fatty acid ester, or a fatty acid emulsion.
  • the feed can prevent and treat parasitic diseases in salmon culture and reduce water pollution caused by the disintegration of bait in water.
  • the invention patent application filed with the publication No. CN104839516A discloses a composite poultry feed consisting of the following components by weight: 20 to 50 parts of corn, 15 to 21 parts of soybean meal, 10 to 35 parts of wheat bran, and vegetables. 5-20 parts of seed meal, 3-10 parts of secondary powder, 4-6 parts of distiller's grains, 3-6 parts of rice bran, 2-8 parts of feed grade jujube powder, 4-8 parts of fish meal, 1-5 parts of spirulina powder, 3 to 5 parts of traditional Chinese medicine additive, 0.5 to 5 parts of shell powder, 1 to 3.5 parts of calcium powder, 0.2 to 1 part of brown sugar, 0.55 to 0.75 parts of bone meal, 0.3 to 0.4 parts of salt, 0.1 to 0.4 parts of feed additive, 0.1 element of trace element additive ⁇ 0.3 parts, 0.3-0.5 parts of multivitamin, and 0.2-0.6 parts of glycerol monolaurate.
  • the feed can promote the formation and enrichment of organic trace elements in poultry and eggs, and reduce the use of antibiotic
  • the invention provides an application of a feed additive in preparing a laying hen feed for improving egg quality and laying performance of a laying hen, the feed additive can significantly improve the quality of the egg and improve the laying performance of the laying hen.
  • a feed additive for preparing a feed for improving the quality of an egg comprising: glycerol monolaurate 10 to 45%, bislauric acid glyceride 10 to 30%, monostearic acid
  • the glyceride is 30 to 50%, and the carrier is 0 to 20%.
  • the feed additive in the preparation of the laying hen feed for improving the laying performance of the laying hen, wherein the feed additive comprises: 10 to 45% of glycerol monolaurate, 10 to 30% of glycerol dilaurate, single The glyceryl stearate is 30 to 50%, and the carrier is 0 to 20%.
  • the feed additive comprises, by weight percent, 20-40% of glycerol monolaurate, 15-25% of glycerol dilaurate, 30-40% of glyceryl monostearate, and 15-20% of carrier. .
  • the carrier is silica, maltodextrin or starch.
  • the egg quality is at least one of a protein height, a Hastelloy index, an egg yolk color, an egg yolk ratio, an eggshell strength, an eggshell thickness, and an eggshell ratio.
  • the egg quality is at least one of a crude fat content, a saturated fatty acid content, a monounsaturated fatty acid content, a polyunsaturated fatty acid content, a ratio of a polyunsaturated fatty acid to a saturated fatty acid, a crude protein content, and an amino acid content. .
  • the saturated fatty acid includes C16:0, C18:0, C20:0
  • the monounsaturated fatty acid includes C18:1, C20:1
  • the polyunsaturated fatty acid includes C18:2n
  • the amino acid includes Histidine, glutamic acid.
  • the laying performance of the laying hen is at least one of an egg production rate, a single egg weight, a feed intake of the laying hen, an egg-to-egg ratio, a yolk follicle stimulating hormone, and a hen's luteinizing hormone.
  • the feed additive of the invention can also be used for preparing the laying hen feed for improving the digestion ability of the laying hen.
  • the index indicating the digestive ability is the length of the small intestine villi of the laying hen, the depth of the small intestine crypt, the length of the villus and the depth of the crypt. Ratio (V/C).
  • the feed additive is added to the laying hen feed in an amount of 0.05 to 0.3%.
  • the layer feed comprises a feed material and the feed additive
  • the formula of the feed material is: in terms of weight percentage, corn 40.0-65.0%, soybean meal 20.0-40.0%, stone 4.0-10.0%, stone powder 2.0-5.0%, fish oil 0.01-0.05%, vegetable oil 0.4-0.8%, pre-predetermined Mixing 3.0 to 8.0%;
  • the nutrient composition of the premix is: 1kg premix, vitamin A 80.0 ⁇ 200KIU, vitamin D 3 40.0 ⁇ 99.6KIU, vitamin E ⁇ 484mg, vitamin B 1 ⁇ 44.0mg, vitamin B 2 ⁇ 116mg, vitamin B 6 ⁇ 58.0mg, vitamin B 12 ⁇ 0.40mg, biotin ⁇ 3.00mg, copper 130 ⁇ 500mg, iron 1200 ⁇ 15000mg, manganese 1290 ⁇ 3000mg, zinc 1200 ⁇ 1300mg, selenium 4.00 ⁇ 6.00mg, total phosphorus 0.3 ⁇ 3.6 %, sodium chloride ⁇ 8.0%, crude protein ⁇ 6%, moisture ⁇ 9.0%;
  • the nutrient composition of the feed material is: by weight percentage, crude protein 12.0 to 17.0%, crude fat 2.0 to 4.0%, lysine 0.4 to 0.8%, methionine 0.1 to 0.2%, and cysteine 0.1 to 0.2%. , total calcium 4.0 to 6.0%, total phosphorus 0.5 to 1.0%, The available phosphorus is 0.4 to 0.6%.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the feed additive of the present invention combines glycerol monolaurate, glycerol dilaurate and glyceryl monostearate to significantly improve egg quality and improve laying performance of laying hens.
  • the feed additive of the invention can significantly increase the protein height and the Hastelloy index, maintain the freshness of the egg, deepen the egg yolk color, increase the egg yolk ratio, and satisfy the consumer's demand for the egg yolk color deep and large proportion.
  • the feed additive of the invention can significantly increase the content of crude fat, crude protein, monounsaturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid and amino acid, lower the content of saturated fatty acid, and thereby increase the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid.
  • the feed additive of the invention can significantly increase the egg production rate, the single egg weight and the feed conversion rate, and can also improve the eggshell strength, the eggshell thickness and the eggshell ratio, and reduce the damage of the egg during transportation.
  • the feed additive of the invention can promote the increase of the ratio of the villus length and the length of the villus and the depth of the crypt (V/C) of the laying hen, promote the absorption function of the intestine, and enhance the anti-stress ability of the laying hen.
  • the feed additive of the invention is a natural, green and safe feed additive, does not make the animal resistant, ensures the product quality is safe and harmless, the quality is better, brings green and safe for the laying of the chicken, and has great application value. .
  • the basic diet is uniformly formulated as follows: in terms of weight percentage, corn is 61.56%, soybean meal is 24.83%, stone is 4.14%, stone powder is 3.81%, fish oil is 0.03%, vegetable oil is 0.66%, premix is 4.97%;
  • premix nutrients as: In terms 1kg premix, vitamin A 80.0 ⁇ 200KIU, vitamin D 3 40.0 ⁇ 99.6KIU, vitamin E ⁇ 484mg, vitamin B 1 ⁇ 44.0mg, vitamin B 2 ⁇ 116mg , vitamin B 6 ⁇ 58.0mg, vitamin B 12 ⁇ 0.40mg, biotin ⁇ 3.00mg, copper 130 ⁇ 500mg, iron 1200 ⁇ 15000mg, manganese 1290 ⁇ 3000mg, zinc 1200 ⁇ 1300mg, selenium 4.00 ⁇ 6.00mg, total phosphorus 0.3 ⁇ 3.6%, sodium chloride ⁇ 8.0%, crude protein ⁇ 6%, moisture ⁇ 9.0%;
  • the nutrient composition of the feed material is: by weight percentage, crude protein 15.91%, crude fat 2.86%, lysine 0.61%, methionine 0.16%, cysteine 0.16%, total calcium 4.35%, total phosphorus 0.8% , effective phosphorus 0.5%.
  • the formulation of the feed additive is: by weight percent, glycerol monolaurate 20%, bislauric acid glyceride 25%, glyceryl monostearate 35% and carrier (silica) 20%.
  • test chickens were arranged in a stepped cage, fed twice a day, and picked up eggs once. Feeding, drinking, cleaning, disinfecting, and epidemic prevention were carried out according to the current measures of the chicken farm. During the test, the temperature and humidity of the farm were recorded daily in units of repetition. Egg samples were randomly taken one day before the end of the test period, with 5 replicates each, and the egg quality and fatty acid content in the egg yolk were determined.
  • feeding the laying hens with the above feed additives can significantly increase the protein height, Haugh index, protein height and Hastelloy index of eggs, which are important indicators reflecting the freshness of eggs. High freshness helps storage. The quality of the eggs is maintained during the process.
  • feeding the laying hens with the above feed additives can significantly increase the egg yolk color and egg yolk ratio, and the deeper yolk color and larger egg yolk ratio can cater to the needs of consumers and enhance the market value of the products.
  • feeding the laying hens with the above feed additive can significantly reduce the content of C16:0, C18:0, C20:0 and saturated fatty acids (SFA) in the egg yolk, and significantly increase C18:1n-9, C18. :2n-6, C20:1, the content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids (PUFA: SFA), prevention of cardiovascular disease by long-term consumption It is beneficial.
  • SFA saturated fatty acids
  • the feed additive is formulated in a weight percentage of 40% glycerol monolaurate, 15% bislauric acid glyceride, 30% glyceryl monostearate and 15% carrier (starch).
  • test chickens were arranged in a stepped cage, fed twice a day, and picked up eggs once. Feeding, drinking, cleaning, disinfecting, and epidemic prevention were carried out according to the current measures of the chicken farm. During the test, the temperature and humidity of the farm were recorded on a daily basis in duplicates. Egg samples were randomly taken one day before the end of the test period, and each was repeated 5 times to analyze the egg quality.
  • feeding the laying hens with the above feed additives can significantly increase the eggshell strength and eggshell thickness of the eggs, increase the eggshell ratio, and improve the mechanical properties of the eggshells during transportation and storage. Better protect eggs and reduce egg breaking rate.
  • feeding the laying hens with the above feed additives can significantly deepen the egg yolk color and satisfy the consumer's demand for egg quality.
  • the feed additive is formulated in a percentage by weight of glycerol monolaurate 10%, bis-laurate glyceride 30%, glyceryl monostearate 50% and carrier (silica) 10%.
  • test chickens were arranged in a stepped cage, fed twice a day, and picked up eggs once. Feeding, drinking, cleaning, disinfecting, and epidemic prevention were carried out according to the current measures of the chicken farm. During the test, the temperature and humidity of the farm were recorded daily in units of repetition. At the end of the test period, the jejunum of the chicken was sliced, the length of the villi and the depth of the crypt were determined, and the ratio of the length of the villi to the depth of the crypt (V/C) was calculated.
  • V/C represents the ratio of the length of the fluff to the depth of the crypt
  • feeding the laying hens with the above feed additives can significantly increase the intestinal villus length and V/C of the laying hens by adding 0.2% and 0.3%, and improve the digestibility of the laying hens.
  • the formulation of the feed additive is: by weight percent, glycerol monolaurate 30%, bislauric acid glyceride 20%, glyceryl monostearate 40% and carrier (starch) 10%.
  • the test chickens were arranged in a stepped cage, fed twice a day, and picked up eggs once. Feeding, drinking, cleaning, disinfecting, and epidemic prevention were carried out according to the current measures of the chicken farm. During the test, the temperature and humidity of the farm were recorded daily in units of repetition, and the number of eggs, egg weight, feed intake and number of dead chickens in each group were recorded at the same time every day. At the end of the trial period, 3 chickens (36 in total) were randomly taken from each of the repeats to take blood from the neck, and the level of egg-related hormones in the serum was determined. Egg samples were randomly taken one day before the end of the test period, with 5 replicates each, and the amino acid content in the egg whites was determined by analysis.
  • feeding the laying hens with the above feed additive can significantly improve the laying rate, single egg weight, egg-to-egg ratio and chicken death of the laying hen, and improve the production performance and feed conversion rate of the laying hen.
  • feeding the laying hens with the above feed additive can significantly increase the levels of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in the serum of the laying hens, thereby improving the production performance of the laying hens.
  • feeding the laying hens with the above feed additive can significantly increase histidine and glutamic acid in egg white, which is a non-essential amino acid for adults, but is an essential amino acid for young children.
  • Anemia prevention of cardiovascular disease, prevention of rheumatoid arthritis and other effects.
  • Glutamate is an important umami amino acid that enhances the flavor of egg products.
  • the formula of the feed additive is: 45% by weight of lauric acid, 10% of glycerol dilaurate, by weight percent 30% glyceryl monostearate and 15% carrier (maltodextrin).
  • the test chickens were arranged in a stepped cage, fed twice a day, and picked up eggs once. Feeding, drinking, cleaning, disinfecting, and epidemic prevention were carried out according to the current measures of the chicken farm. During the test, the temperature and humidity of the farm were recorded daily in units of repetition, and the number of eggs, egg weight, feed intake and feed-to-egg ratio of each group were recorded at the same time every day. Egg samples were randomly taken one day before the end of the test period, with 5 replicates each. The percentage of each part in the egg, the crude fat content in the egg yolk, and the crude protein content in the egg white were determined.
  • feeding the laying hens with the above feed additive can significantly increase the laying rate of the laying hens, the individual egg weight, reduce the ratio of the eggs to the eggs, and improve the production performance and feed conversion rate of the laying hens.
  • feeding the laying hens with the above feed additive can significantly increase the egg yolk ratio of the eggs and reduce the egg white ratio of the eggs.
  • feeding the laying hens with the above feed additive can significantly increase the crude fat content in the egg yolk and significantly increase the crude protein content of the egg white.
  • Experimental group 1 45% glycerol monolaurate, 10% bislauric acid glyceride, 30% glyceryl monostearate and 15% carrier (starch) by weight percent.
  • Experimental group 2 40% glycerol monolaurate, 15% bislauric acid glyceride, 30% glyceryl monostearate and 15% carrier (silica) by weight percent.
  • Experimental group 3 20% glycerol monolaurate, 25% glycerol dilaurate, 35% glyceryl monostearate and 20% carrier (starch) by weight percent.
  • Experimental group 4 10% glycerol monolaurate, 30% bislauric acid glyceride, 50% glyceryl monostearate and 10% carrier (maltodextrin) by weight percent.
  • the test chickens were arranged in a stepped cage, fed twice a day, and picked up eggs once. Feeding, drinking, cleaning, disinfecting, and epidemic prevention were carried out according to the current measures of the chicken farm. During the test, the temperature and humidity of the farm were recorded daily in units of repetition, and the number of eggs, egg weight, feed intake and feed-to-egg ratio of each group were recorded at the same time every day. Egg samples were randomly taken one day before the end of the test period, with 5 replicates each, and the egg quality was analyzed.
  • the experimental group 1, 2, 3, and 4 have significant effects on egg quality and production performance.
  • the feed additives added in the experimental groups 2 and 3 were better than the experimental groups 1 and 4 in improving the egg quality index such as egg height, Haugh index, egg yolk color, eggshell thickness and eggshell strength.
  • the feed additives added in the experimental groups 2 and 3 were better than the experimental groups 1 and 2 in improving the egg production rate, single egg weight, and egg-to-egg ratio.
  • the feed additive comprises: glycerol monolaurate 20-40%, bislauric acid glyceride 15-25%, glyceryl monostearate 30 ⁇ 40%, carrier 15-20%.
  • Examples 1 and 2 illustrate that the above-mentioned feed additive can significantly increase protein height, Hastelloy index, egg yolk color, egg yolk ratio, etc. for laying hens in each growth stage, whether for long-term feeding or stage feeding. Eggshell strength and eggshell thickness.
  • feeding the feed additive can significantly reduce the content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in egg yolk, significantly increase the content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids. (PUFA: SFA), long-term consumption is beneficial for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
  • SFA saturated fatty acids
  • MUFA monounsaturated fatty acids
  • PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acids
  • Example 3 illustrates that the above feed additive can significantly increase the intestinal villus length and V/C of the laying hen, and improve the digestibility of the laying hen.
  • Experimental Examples 4 to 5 show that the above-mentioned feed additive can significantly increase the egg production rate, individual egg weight and feed conversion rate for laying hens in each growth stage, whether for long-term feeding or stage feeding.
  • feeding the feed additive can significantly increase the content of crude protein, histidine and glutamic acid in the egg white and the crude fat content in the egg yolk.
  • Embodiment 6 illustrates that the preferred range of the feed additive is: in terms of weight percent, the feed additive comprises: 20-40% of glycerol monolaurate, 15-25% of glycerol dilaurate, and glyceryl monostearate 30 ⁇ 40%, carrier 15-20%.

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Abstract

一种饲料添加剂在制备提高鸡蛋品质、蛋鸡产蛋性能的蛋鸡饲料中的应用，该饲料添加剂以重量百分数计包括：单月桂酸甘油酯10～45％，双月桂酸甘油酯10～30％，单硬脂酸甘油酯30～50％，载体0～20％，该饲料添加剂将单月桂酸甘油酯、双月桂酸甘油酯和单硬脂酸甘油酯进行组合能够提高鸡蛋品质和蛋鸡的产蛋性能。

Description

饲料添加剂在制备提高鸡蛋品质、蛋鸡产蛋性能的蛋鸡饲料中的应用 技术领域
本发明涉及饲料添加剂加工技术领域，尤其涉及饲料添加剂在制备提高鸡蛋品质、蛋鸡产蛋性能的蛋鸡饲料中的应用。
背景技术
鸡蛋是人们日常餐桌上的常见食品，是人体动物源蛋白的重要来源。随着人们生活水平和食品安全意识的提高，其品质越来越受到重视。人们迫切希望绿色、营养、无公害的产品上市。所以，“天然、绿色、无污染”是21世纪世界蛋鸡产业发展的主题。
在规模化养殖模式下，蛋鸡采用笼架饲养，群体密度大，应激因素多，消化系统和生殖系统功能较差，身体机能受到影响，不利于维持较好的产蛋水平及蛋品质。而目前使用的饲料添加剂往往存在成本高、功效稳定性差、对贮藏环境要求严苛等缺点。因此，开发安全、高效、稳定的功能性饲料添加剂，不仅可以提高鸡蛋的品质，同时可以提高蛋鸡的生产性能，有助于提高经济效益，减少环境污染，满足蛋鸡养殖的需求。
单月桂酸甘油酯是一种优良的食品乳化剂，也是一种安全、高效、广谱的抑菌剂，同时具有抗病毒功能，广泛应用于食品、保健品、医药、日用品等领域。目前，已有单月桂酸甘油酯用于饲料添加剂，起到防止饲料霉变、乳化的作用，例如：
申请公布号为CN101797011A的发明专利申请文献公开了一种饲料防霉剂，该饲料防霉剂含有单月桂酸甘油酯、脱氢醋酸钠、丙酸钙和载体。该饲料防霉剂添加量小，不影响动物适口性，应用于饲料防霉时，耐湿耐热性好，受酸碱度影响小，具有高效抑制和杀灭饲料中的细菌和真菌等微生物的作用，效果优于其他常规单一防霉剂。
申请公布号为CN103181458A的发明专利申请文献公开了一种包膜饲用复合优质乳化剂及其制备工艺。该乳化剂含有单硬脂酸甘油酯10～30％、蔗糖单月桂酸酯10～30％、山梨醇酐单月桂酸酯5～20％、甘油单月桂酸酯5～10％、聚乙二醇20～50％和二氧化硅20～50％，适用于饲料中各种油脂的乳化，乳化效果稳定，可长时间保持不破乳，经包膜处理后，能耐受高温处理，适合饲料的制粒加工。
单月桂酸甘油酯还被用于饲料添加剂，起到促进动物生长、抗病的作用，例如：
申请公布号为CN102696883A的发明专利公开了一种饲料添加剂及其应用，该饲料添加剂以重量百分比计，包括：20～60％单月桂酸甘油酯，10～40％丙酸钙，0～50％饲料载体。该饲料添加剂具有抑菌抗病毒、减少饲料中抗生素的使用、促进动物生长、提高动物存活率以及抗病能力的作用。
申请公布号为CN105076790的发明专利申请文献公开了一种鹅育肥期用营养绿色低病死 率鹅饲料。该饲料按重量份包括：玉米20～25份，小麦5～20份，膨化豆粕20～30份，猪油1～5份，菊花粕6～10份，小麦麸5～15份，发酵生物蛋白10～15份，草粉1～3份，棉粕5～8份，玉米胚芽粕5～10份，棉子粕3～7份，啤酒糟2～6份，海藻粉1～4份，胡萝卜粉2～6份，沸石粉0.5～1.2份，中草药添加剂4.5～8.7份，天然色素0.02～0.04份，复合酶0.2～0.45份，植酸酶0.5～0.9份，高效诱食剂5～9份。其中高效诱食剂中含有单月桂酸甘油酯0.5～0.85份，主要起到刺激鹅大脑促进摄食，营养物质在鹅肠内均匀吸收，有效修复肠黏膜损伤，有效促进鹅肠道有益菌生成，增强免疫功能。该饲料喂后3天鹅粪可成形，不臭，细腻，喂后6天长势好，喂后10天，鹅颈变粗，毛色白亮，增重加快，鹅生病率0.5～0.9％，死亡率为0。
申请公布号为CN105076789A的发明专利申请文献公开了一种高效育肥期鹅饲料。该饲料按重量份包括：玉米10～40份，小麦22～35份，米糠15～25份，猪油0.5～3份，菊花粕5～10份，玉米糠麸8～15份，发酵生物蛋白1～6份，羽毛粉0.5～2份，棉粕1～4份，玉米胚芽粕8～13份，葵花饼5～10份，蚕粉1～3份，海藻粉1～2份，南瓜粉1～4份，石粉0.5～2份，中草药添加剂1～6份，天然色素0.05～0.5份，复合酶0.5～1份，植酸酶1～2份，高效诱食剂10～15份。其中高效诱食剂中含有单月桂酸甘油酯1～3份，主要与虾壳粉、红球藻粉、虾青素油脂、玉米油、鱼油协同，起到提高鹅成色，刺激鹅嗅觉器官，增加摄食量的作用。该饲料喂后3天鹅粪可成形，不臭，细腻，喂后6天长势好，喂后10天，鹅颈变粗，毛色白亮，增重加快，鹅生病率1～1.2％，死亡率为0。
公开号为CN1659977A的发明专利申请文献公开了鳝鱼用饲料。该饲料含有碳原子数6～12的中链脂肪酸，该脂肪酸以脂肪酸盐，或脂肪酸酯，或脂肪酸乳化物的形式存在于饲料中。在鳝鱼用饲料中添加相当于饲料干重0.5～5重量％的碳原子数6～12的中链脂肪酸，所述脂肪酸为比如辛酸、壬酸、癸酸或月桂酸中的任何一种或两种以上，该脂肪酸以钙盐、钠盐、钾盐或镁盐等脂肪酸盐，或者以单甘油酯、二甘油酯或三甘油酯等脂肪酸酯，或者脂肪酸乳化物的形式存在。该饲料可以起到预防和治疗鳝鱼养殖中的寄生虫病，降低饵料在水中崩解而造成的水污染。
申请公布号为CN104839516A的发明专利申请文献公开了一种复合家禽饲料，该饲料由以下重量份的各组分组成：玉米20～50份、豆粕15～21份、麦麸10～35份、菜籽粕5～20份、次粉3～10份、酒糟粉4～6份、米糠3～6份、饲料级枣粉2～8份、鱼粉4～8份、螺旋藻粉1～5份、中药添加剂3～5份、贝壳粉0.5～5份、钙粉1～3.5份、红糖0.2～1份、骨粉0.55～0.75份、食盐0.3～0.4份、饲料添加剂0.1～0.4份、微量元素添加剂0.1～0.3份、复合维生素0.3～0.5份、单月桂酸甘油酯0.2～0.6份。该饲料可促进家禽体内和蛋内有机微量元素的生成和富集，减少抗生素类药物及添加剂的使用量和家禽产品的药物残留量。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种饲料添加剂在制备提高鸡蛋品质、蛋鸡产蛋性能的蛋鸡饲料中的应用，该饲料添加剂能够显著提高鸡蛋品质，并提高蛋鸡的产蛋性能。
饲料添加剂在制备提高鸡蛋品质的蛋鸡饲料中的应用，以重量百分数计，所述饲料添加剂包括：单月桂酸甘油酯10～45％，双月桂酸甘油酯10～30％，单硬脂酸甘油酯30～50％，载体0～20％。
饲料添加剂在制备提高蛋鸡产蛋性能的蛋鸡饲料中的应用，以重量百分数计，所述饲料添加剂包括：单月桂酸甘油酯10～45％，双月桂酸甘油酯10～30％，单硬脂酸甘油酯30～50％，载体0～20％。
作为优选，以重量百分数计，所述饲料添加剂包括：单月桂酸甘油酯20～40％，双月桂酸甘油酯15～25％，单硬脂酸甘油酯30～40％，载体15～20％。
具体地，所述的载体为二氧化硅、麦芽糊精或淀粉。
进一步地，所述的鸡蛋品质为蛋白高度、哈氏指数、蛋黄颜色、蛋黄比、蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳比中的至少一种。
进一步地，所述的鸡蛋品质为粗脂肪含量、饱和脂肪酸含量、单不饱和脂肪酸含量、多不饱和脂肪酸含量、多不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸的比值、粗蛋白含量、氨基酸含量中的至少一种。
具体地，所述饱和脂肪酸包括C16:0、C18:0、C20:0，所述单不饱和脂肪酸包括C18:1、C20:1，所述多不饱和脂肪酸包括C18:2n，所述氨基酸包括组氨酸、谷氨酸。
进一步地，所述的蛋鸡产蛋性能为产蛋率、单个蛋重、蛋鸡采食量、料蛋比、蛋鸡促卵泡激素、蛋鸡促黄体激素中的至少一种。
本发明饲料添加剂还能用于制备提高蛋鸡消化能力的蛋鸡饲料，具体地，体现所述消化能力的指标为蛋鸡小肠绒毛长度、蛋鸡小肠隐窝深度和绒毛长度和隐窝深度的比值(V/C)。
作为优选，所述饲料添加剂在所述蛋鸡饲料中的添加量为0.05～0.3％。
作为优选，所述蛋鸡饲料包括饲料原料和所述饲料添加剂；
所述饲料原料的配方为：以重量百分数计，玉米40.0～65.0％，豆粕20.0～40.0％，石子4.0～10.0％，石粉2.0～5.0％，鱼油0.01～0.05％，菜油0.4～0.8％，预混料3.0～8.0％；
所述预混料的营养成分为：以1kg预混料计，维生素A 80.0～200KIU，维生素D3 40.0～99.6KIU，维生素E≥484mg，维生素B1≥44.0mg，维生素B2≥116mg，维生素B6≥58.0mg，维生素B12≥0.40mg，生物素≥3.00mg，铜130～500mg，铁1200～15000mg，锰1290～3000mg，锌1200～1300mg，硒4.00～6.00mg，总磷0.3～3.6％，氯化钠≥8.0％，粗蛋白质≥6％，水分≤9.0％；
所述饲料原料的营养成分为：以重量百分数计，粗蛋白12.0～17.0％，粗脂肪2.0～4.0％，赖氨酸0.4～0.8％，蛋氨酸0.1～0.2％，半胱氨酸0.1～0.2％，总钙4.0～6.0％，总磷0.5～1.0％， 有效磷0.4～0.6％。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
(1)本发明饲料添加剂将单月桂酸甘油酯、双月桂酸甘油酯和单硬脂酸甘油酯进行组合，能够显著提高鸡蛋品质，并提高蛋鸡的产蛋性能。
(2)本发明饲料添加剂能够显著提高蛋白高度和哈氏指数，保持鸡蛋新鲜度，加深蛋黄颜色，增加蛋黄比，满足消费者对蛋黄颜色深、占比大的需求。
(3)本发明饲料添加剂能够显著提高鸡蛋粗脂肪、粗蛋白、单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸、氨基酸的含量，降低饱和脂肪酸含量，进而提高多不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸的比值。
(4)本发明饲料添加剂能够显著提高产蛋率、单个蛋重及饲料转化率，还能够提高蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度及蛋壳比，减少鸡蛋在运输过程中的破损。
(5)本发明饲料添加剂能够促进蛋鸡小肠绒毛长度和绒毛长度和隐窝深度的比值(V/C)的增加，促进肠道的吸收功能，增强蛋鸡的抗应激能力。
(6)本发明饲料添加剂为天然、绿色、安全的饲料添加剂，不会使动物产生抗药性，保障产品质量安全无害，品质更好，为蛋鸡养殖带来绿色、安全，极具应用价值。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明，但本发明并不局限于此。实施例中对本发明范围内的多种饲料添加剂配方进行试验，效果俱佳。
其中，基础饲粮统一采用如下配方：以重量百分数计，玉米61.56％，豆粕24.83％，石子4.14％，石粉3.81％，鱼油0.03％，菜油0.66％，预混料4.97％；
其中，所述预混料的营养成分为：以1kg预混料计，维生素A 80.0～200KIU，维生素D3 40.0～99.6KIU，维生素E≥484mg，维生素B1≥44.0mg，维生素B2≥116mg，维生素B6≥58.0mg，维生素B12≥0.40mg，生物素≥3.00mg，铜130～500mg，铁1200～15000mg，锰1290～3000mg，锌1200～1300mg，硒4.00～6.00mg，总磷0.3～3.6％，氯化钠≥8.0％，粗蛋白质≥6％，水分≤9.0％；
所述饲料原料的营养成分为：以重量百分数计，粗蛋白15.91％，粗脂肪2.86％，赖氨酸0.61％，蛋氨酸0.16％，半胱氨酸0.16％，总钙4.35％，总磷0.8％，有效磷0.5％。
实施例1
饲料添加剂的配方为：以重量百分数计，单月桂酸甘油酯20％、双月桂酸甘油酯25％、单硬脂酸甘油酯35％和载体(二氧化硅)20％。
180只44周龄海兰褐品种蛋鸡随机分成4组，每组3个重复，每个重复15只鸡。对照 组饲喂基础饲粮，实验组1、2、3分别在基础饲粮基础上添加质量分数0.1％、0.2％、0.3％的上述饲料添加剂，试验期共8周。
试验鸡采用阶梯式笼养，每天喂料2次，拣蛋1次，喂料、饮水、清洁、消毒、防疫均按鸡场现行措施进行。试验过程中，以重复为单位，每天记录饲养场温湿度。试验期结束前一天随机抽取鸡蛋样品，每个重复5枚，分析测定鸡蛋品质及蛋黄中的脂肪酸含量。
结果如下：
表1 饲料添加剂对蛋鸡产蛋高峰后期蛋品质的影响效果
组别 蛋白高度(mm) 哈氏指数 蛋黄颜色 蛋黄比(％)
对照组 7.33±0.19c 84.16±0.64d 6.29±0.47c 24.33±1.22b
实验组1 7.56±0.25b 85.85±0.31c 6.64±0.50b 25.04±1.21ab
实验组2 7.68±0.18ab 86.38±0.69b 7.00±0.39a 26.20±0.78a
实验组3 7.85±0.20a 89.00±0.11a 7.21±0.43a 26.27±1.62a
注：数据均是means±SD；同列不同的小写字母代表具有显著性差异，P﹤0.05。
从表1可以看出，采用上述饲料添加剂饲喂蛋鸡，可以显著提高鸡蛋的蛋白高度、哈氏指数，蛋白高度和哈氏指数是反映鸡蛋新鲜程度的重要指标，新鲜度高有助于贮藏过程中鸡蛋品质的保持。
此外，采用上述饲料添加剂饲喂蛋鸡，可以显著提高鸡蛋的蛋黄颜色及蛋黄比，更深的蛋黄颜色和更大的蛋黄比可以迎合消费者的需求，提升产品的市场价值。
表2 饲料添加剂对鸡蛋蛋黄中脂肪酸含量的影响效果
Figure PCTCN2017076070-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2017076070-appb-000002
注：数据均是means±SD；同列不同的小写字母代表具有显著性差异，P﹤0.05。
从表2可以看出，采用上述饲料添加剂饲喂蛋鸡，可以显著降低蛋黄中C16：0、C18:0、C20:0和饱和脂肪酸(SFA)的含量，显著提高C18:1n-9、C18:2n-6、C20：1、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的含量及多不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸的比值(PUFA:SFA)，长期食用对心血管疾病的预防是有利的。
实施例2
饲料添加剂的配方为：以重量百分数计，单月桂酸甘油酯40％、双月桂酸甘油酯15％、单硬脂酸甘油酯30％和载体(淀粉)15％。
90只18周龄海兰褐品种蛋鸡随机分成3组，每组3个重复，每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，实验组1、2分别在基础饲粮基础上添加0.05％、0.1％的上述饲料添加剂，试验期共35周。
试验鸡采用阶梯式笼养，每天喂料2次，拣蛋1次，喂料、饮水、清洁、消毒、防疫均按鸡场现行措施进行。试验过程中，以重复为单位，每天记录饲养场温湿度，试验期结束前一天随机抽取鸡蛋样品，每个重复5枚，分析测定鸡蛋品质。
结果如下：
表3 长期饲喂饲料添加剂对蛋鸡蛋品质的影响效果
Figure PCTCN2017076070-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2017076070-appb-000004
注：数据均是means±SD；同列不同的小写字母代表具有显著性差异，P﹤0.05。
由表3中可以看出，采用上述饲料添加剂饲喂蛋鸡，可以显著提高鸡蛋的蛋壳强度和蛋壳厚度，增加蛋壳比率，提高蛋壳的机械性能，使其在运输和贮藏的过程中更好地保护鸡蛋，降低破蛋率。同时，采用上述饲料添加剂饲喂蛋鸡，可以显著加深蛋黄颜色，满足消费者对鸡蛋品质的需求。
实施例3
饲料添加剂的配方为：以重量百分数计，单月桂酸甘油酯10％、双月桂酸甘油酯30％、单硬脂酸甘油酯50％和载体(二氧化硅)10％。
135只44周龄海兰褐品种蛋鸡随机分成3组，每组3个重复，每个重复15只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，实验组1、2分别在基础饲粮基础上添加质量分数0.2％、0.3％的上述饲料添加剂，试验期共8周。
试验鸡采用阶梯式笼养，每天喂料2次，拣蛋1次，喂料、饮水、清洁、消毒、防疫均按鸡场现行措施进行。试验过程中，以重复为单位，每天记录饲养场温湿度。试验期结束取鸡的空肠制成切片，测定绒毛长度和隐窝深度，计算绒毛长度和隐窝深度的比值(V/C)。
结果如下：
表4 饲料添加剂对蛋鸡小肠绒毛形态的影响效果
项目 对照组 实验组1 实验组2
绒毛长度(μm) 1076.67±13.34d 1493.33±3.34a 1436.67±4.72b
隐窝深度(μm) 223.89±6.31b 232.78±8.39b 226.67±4.72b
V/C 4.81±0.10b 6.42±0.24a 6.34±0.16a
注：V/C代表绒毛长度和隐窝深度的比值；
数据均是means±SD；同列不同的小写字母代表具有显著性差异，P﹤0.05。
由表4中可以看出，采用上述饲料添加剂饲喂蛋鸡，添加量为0.2％和0.3％时可以显著提高蛋鸡的小肠绒毛长度和V/C，提高蛋鸡的消化能力。
实施例4
饲料添加剂的配方为：以重量百分数计，单月桂酸甘油酯30％、双月桂酸甘油酯20％、单硬脂酸甘油酯40％和载体(淀粉)10％。
180只44周龄海兰褐品种蛋鸡随机分成4组，每组3个重复，每个重复15只鸡。对照 组饲喂基础饲粮，实验组1、2、3分别在基础饲粮基础上添加质量分数0.1％、0.2％、0.3％的上述饲料添加剂，试验期共8周。
试验鸡采用阶梯式笼养，每天喂料2次，拣蛋1次，喂料、饮水、清洁、消毒、防疫均按鸡场现行措施进行。试验过程中，以重复为单位，每天记录饲养场温湿度，每天同一时间记录各组产蛋数、蛋重、采食量和死亡鸡只数。试验期结束每个重复随机取3只鸡(共36只)断颈取血，测定血清中产蛋相关激素的水平。试验期结束前一天随机抽取鸡蛋样品，每个重复5枚，分析测定鸡蛋蛋清中的氨基酸含量。
结果如下：
表5 饲料添加剂对蛋鸡产蛋高峰后期生产性能的影响效果
Figure PCTCN2017076070-appb-000005
注：数据均是means±SD；同列不同的小写字母代表具有显著性差异，P﹤0.05。
从表5可以看出，采用上述饲料添加剂饲喂蛋鸡，可以显著提高蛋鸡产蛋率、单个蛋重，降低料蛋比和鸡的死亡，提高了蛋鸡的生产性能和饲料转化率。
表6 饲料添加剂对蛋鸡产蛋高峰后期血清中产蛋相关激素水平的影响效果
Figure PCTCN2017076070-appb-000006
注：数据均是means±SD；同列不同的小写字母代表具有显著性差异，P﹤0.05。
从表6可以看出，采用上述饲料添加剂饲喂蛋鸡，可以显著提高蛋鸡血清中促卵泡激素和促黄体激素的水平，从而提高了蛋鸡的生产性能。
表7 饲料添加剂对鸡蛋蛋清中氨基酸含量的影响效果
Figure PCTCN2017076070-appb-000007
注：数据均是means±SD；同列不同的小写字母代表具有显著性差异，P﹤0.05；
*表示必需氨基酸。
从表7可以看出，采用上述饲料添加剂饲喂蛋鸡，可以显著提高鸡蛋蛋清中组氨酸和谷氨酸，组氨酸对成人为非必需氨基酸，但对幼儿却为必需氨基酸，具有防治贫血、防止心血管疾病、预防类风湿性关节炎等功效。谷氨酸是重要的鲜味氨基酸，可以提高鸡蛋产品的风味。
实施例5
饲料添加剂的配方为：以重量百分数计，单月桂酸甘油酯45％、双月桂酸甘油酯10％、 单硬脂酸甘油酯30％和载体(麦芽糊精)15％。
120只18周龄海兰褐品种蛋鸡随机分成4组，每组3个重复，每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，实验组1、2、3分别在基础饲粮基础上添加质量分数0.05％、0.1％、0.2％的上述饲料添加剂，试验期共35周。
试验鸡采用阶梯式笼养，每天喂料2次，拣蛋1次，喂料、饮水、清洁、消毒、防疫均按鸡场现行措施进行。试验过程中，以重复为单位，每天记录饲养场温湿度，每天同一时间记录各组产蛋数、蛋重、采食量和料蛋比。试验期结束前一天随机抽取鸡蛋样品，每个重复5枚，分析测定鸡蛋中各部分百分比、蛋黄中的粗脂肪含量及蛋清中的粗蛋白含量。
结果如下：
表8 长期饲喂饲料添加剂对蛋鸡生产性能的影响效果
Figure PCTCN2017076070-appb-000008
注：数据均是means±SD；同列不同的小写字母代表具有显著性差异，P﹤0.05。
由表8中可以看出，采用上述饲料添加剂饲喂蛋鸡，可以显著提高蛋鸡产蛋率、单个蛋重，降低料蛋比，提高蛋鸡的生产性能和饲料转化率。
表9 长期饲喂饲料添加剂对鸡蛋各部分比例的影响效果
组别 可食部(％) 蛋清比率(％) 蛋黄比率(％)
对照组 90.67±0.36 66.34±1.10a 24.33±1.22b
实验组1 90.69±0.43 65.65±1.35ab 25.04±1.21ab
实验组2 90.71±0.52 64.51±1.29b 26.20±0.78a
实验组3 90.72±0.49 64.45±1.29b 26.27±1.62a
注：数据均是means±SD；同列不同的小写字母代表具有显著性差异，P﹤0.05。
由表9中可以看出，采用上述饲料添加剂饲喂蛋鸡，可以显著提高鸡蛋的蛋黄比率，降低鸡蛋的蛋清比率。
表10 长期饲喂饲料添加剂对鸡蛋蛋黄粗脂肪及蛋清粗蛋白含量的影响效果
组别 蛋黄粗脂肪 蛋清粗蛋白
对照组 26.63±0.28b 10.64±0.32b
实验组1 27.30±0.87b 11.10±0.61ab
实验组2 30.44±0.82a 11.66±0.61a
实验组3 27.86±0.38ab 10.76±0.22ab
由表10中可以看出，采用上述饲料添加剂饲喂蛋鸡，可以显著提高鸡蛋蛋黄中的粗脂肪含量，显著提高鸡蛋蛋清的粗蛋白含量。
实施例6
450只22周龄海兰褐品种蛋鸡随机分成5组，每组6个重复，每个重复15只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，实验组1、2、3、4分别在基础饲粮基础上添加质量分数0.1％的饲料添加剂，试验期共10周。其中，实验组1、2、3、4的饲料添加剂配方如下：
实验组1：以重量百分数计，单月桂酸甘油酯45％、双月桂酸甘油酯10％、单硬脂酸甘油酯30％和载体(淀粉)15％。
实验组2：以重量百分数计，单月桂酸甘油酯40％、双月桂酸甘油酯15％、单硬脂酸甘油酯30％和载体(二氧化硅)15％。
实验组3：以重量百分数计，单月桂酸甘油酯20％、双月桂酸甘油酯25％、单硬脂酸甘油酯35％和载体(淀粉)20％。
实验组4：以重量百分数计，单月桂酸甘油酯10％、双月桂酸甘油酯30％、单硬脂酸甘油酯50％和载体(麦芽糊精)10％。
试验鸡采用阶梯式笼养，每天喂料2次，拣蛋1次，喂料、饮水、清洁、消毒、防疫均按鸡场现行措施进行。试验过程中，以重复为单位，每天记录饲养场温湿度，每天同一时间记录各组产蛋数、蛋重、采食量和料蛋比。试验期结束前一天随机抽取鸡蛋样品，每个重复5枚，分析测定鸡蛋品质。
表11 饲料添加剂对蛋鸡蛋品质的影响效果
Figure PCTCN2017076070-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2017076070-appb-000010
表12 饲料添加剂对蛋鸡生产性能的影响效果
Figure PCTCN2017076070-appb-000011
注：数据均是means±SD；同列不同的小写字母代表具有显著性差异，P﹤0.05。
综合表11、12结果来看，实验组1、2、3、4对蛋鸡鸡蛋品质和生产性能均有显著的提高作用。其中，实验组2、3添加的饲料添加剂对蛋鸡蛋白高度、哈氏指数、蛋黄颜色、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度等鸡蛋品质指标的提高效果优于实验组1、4。同时，实验组2、3添加的饲料添加剂对蛋鸡产蛋率、单个蛋重、料蛋比等生产性能指标的提高效果优于实验组1、2。由此，确定饲料添加剂优选的范围为：以重量百分数计，所述饲料添加剂包括：单月桂酸甘油酯20～40％，双月桂酸甘油酯15～25％，单硬脂酸甘油酯30～40％，载体15～20％。
综上所述，实施例1～2说明上述饲料添加剂对各生长阶段的蛋鸡，不管是长期饲喂还是阶段性饲喂，都能显著提高蛋白高度、哈氏指数、蛋黄颜色、蛋黄比、蛋壳强度和蛋壳厚度。此外，饲喂该饲料添加剂还能显著降低蛋黄中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)的含量，显著提高单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的含量及多不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸的比值(PUFA:SFA)，长期食用对心血管疾病的预防是有利的。
实施例3说明上述饲料添加剂可以显著增加蛋鸡的小肠绒毛长度和V/C，提高蛋鸡的消化能力。
实验例4～5说明上述饲料添加剂对各生长阶段的蛋鸡，不管是长期饲喂还是阶段性饲喂，都能显著提高产蛋率、单个蛋重及饲料转化率。此外，饲喂该饲料添加剂还能显著提高鸡蛋蛋清中粗蛋白、组氨酸和谷氨酸的含量及蛋黄中的粗脂肪含量。
实施例6说明饲料添加剂优选的范围为：以重量百分数计，所述饲料添加剂包括：单月桂酸甘油酯20～40％，双月桂酸甘油酯15～25％，单硬脂酸甘油酯30～40％，载体15～20％。
最后说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案所做的其他修改或者等同替换，只要不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围，均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims (9)

  1. 饲料添加剂在制备提高鸡蛋品质的蛋鸡饲料中的应用，其特征在于，以重量百分数计，所述饲料添加剂包括：单月桂酸甘油酯10～45％，双月桂酸甘油酯10～30％，单硬脂酸甘油酯30～50％，载体0～20％。
  2. 饲料添加剂在制备提高蛋鸡产蛋性能的蛋鸡饲料中的应用，其特征在于，以重量百分数计，所述饲料添加剂包括：单月桂酸甘油酯10～45％，双月桂酸甘油酯10～30％，单硬脂酸甘油酯30～50％，载体0～20％。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的应用，其特征在于，以重量百分数计，所述饲料添加剂包括：单月桂酸甘油酯20～40％，双月桂酸甘油酯15～25％，单硬脂酸甘油酯30～40％，载体15～20％。
  4. 如权利要求1或2所述的应用，其特征在于，所述的载体为二氧化硅、麦芽糊精或淀粉。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，所述的鸡蛋品质为蛋白高度、哈氏指数、蛋黄颜色、蛋黄比、蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳比中的至少一种。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，所述的鸡蛋品质为粗脂肪含量、饱和脂肪酸含量、单不饱和脂肪酸含量、多不饱和脂肪酸含量、多不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸的比值、粗蛋白含量、氨基酸含量中的至少一种。
  7. 如权利要求2所述的应用，其特征在于，所述的蛋鸡产蛋性能为产蛋率、单个蛋重、蛋鸡采食量、料蛋比、蛋鸡促卵泡激素、蛋鸡促黄体激素中的至少一种。
  8. 如权利要求1或2所述的应用，其特征在于，所述饲料添加剂在所述蛋鸡饲料中的添加量为0.05～0.3％。
  9. 如权利要求1或2所述的应用，其特征在于，所述蛋鸡饲料包括饲料原料和所述饲料添加剂；
    所述饲料原料的配方为：以重量百分数计，玉米40.0～65.0％，豆粕20.0～40.0％，石子4.0～10.0％，石粉2.0～5.0％，鱼油0.01～0.05％，菜油0.4～0.8％，预混料3.0～8.0％；
    所述预混料的营养成分为：以1kg预混料计，维生素A 80.0～200KIU，维生素D3 40.0～99.6KIU，维生素E≥484mg，维生素B1≥44.0mg，维生素B2≥116mg，维生素B6≥58.0mg，维生素B12≥0.40mg，生物素≥3.00mg，铜130～500mg，铁1200～15000mg，锰1290～3000mg，锌1200～1300mg，硒4.00～6.00mg，总磷0.3～3.6％，氯化钠≥8.0％，粗蛋白质≥6％，水分≤9.0％；
    所述饲料原料的营养成分为：以重量百分数计，粗蛋白12.0～17.0％，粗脂肪2.0～4.0％，赖氨酸0.4～0.8％，蛋氨酸0.1～0.2％，半胱氨酸0.1～0.2％，总钙4.0～6.0％，总磷0.5～1.0％，有效磷0.4～0.6％。
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CN112674230A (zh) * 2020-12-24 2021-04-20 天津市现代天骄农业科技有限公司 一种提高蛋禽产蛋性能的饲料添加剂及其制备、使用方法
CN113796468A (zh) * 2021-09-13 2021-12-17 四川省医学科学院.四川省人民医院实验动物研究所 一种啮齿类动物饲料及其制备方法
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