CN109393207A - 含糖基异丙基硫醚的鱼饲料诱食剂 - Google Patents
含糖基异丙基硫醚的鱼饲料诱食剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了含糖基异丙基硫醚的鱼饲料诱食剂，基于诱食剂的重量，所述诱食剂包含0.01‑50％糖基异丙基硫醚、0.01‑50％草酰乙酸或其盐、禾虫粉和复合氨基酸。有益效果为：本发明使用糖基异丙基硫醚、草酰乙酸和熟制的禾虫粉作为淡水养殖鱼类饲料诱食剂的主要组分，与适量添加的韭菜籽提取物、核苷酸、生物碱、虾青素及紫苏籽油协同作用，对鱼类的味觉和嗅觉具有强烈的刺激作用，具有优异的诱食效果，并能激活消化酶活性，促进消化吸收，提高机体抗氧化能力，从而有效增加鱼的摄食量，提高饲料效率，促进鱼类生长并减少养殖水体的污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水产饲料加工技术领域，尤其是涉及含糖基异丙基硫醚的鱼饲料诱食剂。
背景技术
水产动物饲料诱食剂是一种非营养性添加剂，它是根据水产动物最喜食的动植物所含的化学成分，人工合成或提取的物质，诱食剂往往由两种以上的化合物组成，这些化合物对水产动物的摄食有协同作用，通过对水产动物的嗅觉、味觉和视觉等产生刺激，使其聚集到饲料周围，加快摄食，提高采食量。
由于海洋资源的污染，鱼粉及鱼油资源紧张且价格一路上涨。在我国淡水集约化养殖中，人们不断开发新型蛋白源替代鱼粉，大量使用配合饲料。然而配合饲料的适口性不及天然饵料，影响鱼类摄食欲，而剩余饲料又会污染养殖水体，降低养殖效益。然而，在配合饲料中加入适量的诱食剂能够改善饲料适口性、提高摄食量并降低对养殖水体的污染等作用，因此在配合饲料中添加诱食剂已成为必然。
在淡水鱼类养殖中，常见饲料诱食剂包括含氮类诱食剂，如氨基酸；含硫类诱食剂如DMPT；生物碱类诱食剂，如被广泛使用的甜菜碱以及脂肪类诱食剂等。
糖基异丙基硫醚，是硫醚类化合物，具有调节气味作用，经常用作食用香精。草酰乙酸存在于很多植物体内，参与线粒体的ATP循环，有益于动植物的代谢平衡。禾虫高蛋白低脂肪，富含多种氨基酸和活性色素，肉味鲜美，已被人工养殖。糖基异丙基硫醚、草酰乙酸、禾虫粉作为诱食剂，尚未见报道。
现有技术如授权公告号为CN 103734530 B的中国发明专利，公开了水产饲料诱食剂。其按总质量分数100％计，包括酵母提取物40～50％，DMPT(二甲基-丙酸噻亭)5～10％，TMAO(氧化三甲胺)20～30％，胆汁酸盐5～10％，填充物10～20％。该水产饲料诱食剂需要发酵提取，与本发明所用配方不同。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种可改善饲料适口性、促进消化吸收、提高摄食量、降低饲料系数的含糖基异丙基硫醚的鱼饲料诱食剂。
本发明的另一目的在于提供含糖基异丙基硫醚的鱼饲料诱食剂的制备方法。
本发明针对上述技术中提到的问题，采取的技术方案为：
含糖基异丙基硫醚的鱼饲料诱食剂，基于诱食剂的重量，所制诱食剂包含0.01-50％糖基异丙基硫醚、0.01-50％草酰乙酸或其盐、禾虫粉和韭菜籽提取物。
作为优选，含糖基异丙基硫醚的鱼饲料诱食剂，所制诱食剂包含1-30％，进一步包含5-20％，更进一步包含10-15％的糖基异丙基硫醚；淡水鱼类的嗅觉非常灵敏，对气味具有很好的选择性，糖基异丙基硫醚具有特殊的香味，安全无毒，作为饲料添加剂，能有效改善饲料原料中的不良气味，提高饲料的适口性，诱导鱼类摄食饲料，从而增加鱼的摄食量；糖基异丙基硫醚在胃肠道中可分解蛋白和脂肪，促进细胞的同化，提供和补充淡水鱼生长所需的多元不饱和脂肪酸，从而提高饲料利用率，刺激和促进鱼的生长；此外，糖基异丙基硫醚还具有一定的杀菌效果，能增强鱼类的抗病力和免疫力；
所制诱食剂包含1-40％，进一步包含5-30％，更进一步包含10-20％的草酰乙酸或其盐；草酰乙酸，广泛存在于组织细胞内，能参与ATP的循环，调节脂质代谢，乳化脂肪，激活脂肪酶的活性；同时，丙酮酸能提高饲料酸度，增强淀粉酶活性，从而促进淀粉和脂类物质消化吸收，增加鱼的摄食量，促进鱼的生长，提高机体抗氧化能力；本发明者惊喜地发现，草酰乙酸与糖基异丙基硫醚复合使用，相互具有协同作用，对淡水鱼类尤其是草食性鱼类，具有优异的诱食效果；
所制禾虫粉包含生禾虫粉以及以各形式制熟的禾虫粉，包含至少15％的量；禾虫具有高蛋白、低脂肪的特点，其体内还含有小分子活性肽、多种淡水鱼类需要的必需氨基酸和呈味氨基酸，因此，熟制的禾虫粉具有鲜香气味，对鱼类具有优异的诱食效果，增加鱼类摄食量并提高鱼类肉质风味；
所制韭菜籽提取物包含5-25％的量；韭菜籽提取物含有黄酮类化合物、甾体皂苷、硫化物、生物碱及各种矿物质，具有抗氧化自由基、杀菌抗炎和韭菜香味，对鱼类具有诱食作用，同时能提高鱼体的消化吸收作用和抗氧化能力。
进一步优选，含糖基异丙基硫醚的鱼饲料诱食剂，所制韭菜籽提取物的提取方法包括：将韭菜籽磨碎，加入60-80％的乙醇溶液，使料液比达到1:5-40，微波处理60-120s，400W超声波提取1-4h，超声温度40-60℃，过滤、浓缩、冷冻干燥，得韭菜籽提取物；使用微波预处理的热作用和超声波提取技术的空化作用，产生协同增益效果，有效增加韭菜籽活性成分的提取效率和提取率。
更进一步优选，含糖基异丙基硫醚的鱼饲料诱食剂，所制诱食剂还包含添加的核苷酸和/或核苷；基于诱食剂的重量，所用核苷酸和/或核苷的量为至少0.5％，优选至少3％，更优选至少10％或更多；核苷酸是核糖核酸及脱氧核糖核酸的基本组成单位，是体内合成核酸的前身物，核苷酸及核苷酸类物质对许多水产动物具有一定的诱食作用，饲料中添加适量的核苷酸能促进其生长、增强抗氧化能力及改善肠道形态结构。
再进一步优选，含糖基异丙基硫醚的鱼饲料诱食剂，按重量份数计，所制诱食剂优选包含：糖基异丙基硫醚15份、草酰乙酸15份、禾虫粉20份、韭菜籽提取物18份，核苷酸10份，氯化胆碱3份，虾青素3份，紫苏籽油5份。
含糖基异丙基硫醚的鱼饲料诱食剂的制备方法，包括：将诱食剂原料粉碎，按小量叠加的原则混合，过100-200目筛后，混合机混合5-15min，得混合诱食剂；将混合诱食剂与壁材进行湿法制粒，然后置于流化床中干燥、使用壁材包衣，获得合适尺寸的包衣颗粒。
作为优选，含糖基异丙基硫醚的鱼饲料诱食剂的制备方法，所制制粒和包衣的壁材优选为透明质酸钠和桃胶，其中，透明质酸钠和桃胶的配比为1:(10-1)；透明质酸钠以透明质酸的形式被吸收，而透明质酸是一种葡聚糖醛酸，广泛存在于晶状体、关节软骨、细胞质和细胞间质中，对细胞和细胞器官起润滑与滋养作用，同时提供细胞代谢的微环境；桃胶具有抗炎和生物活性，桃胶与透明质酸钠作为壁材配伍使用，既可以形成凝胶状膜层，作为饲料被吸收后，又可以发挥了两者的优点，对鱼类的生长起促进作用。
进一步优选，含糖基异丙基硫醚的鱼饲料诱食剂的制备方法，所用湿法制粒中混合、切割的转速分别为250-600r/min、3000-4000r/min；流化床工艺参数为：进风温度、床温分别为50、40℃，气源、气密压强分别为0.50、0.35MPa，包衣液进料速度1.1mL/min。
本发明含糖基异丙基硫醚的鱼饲料诱食剂和/或含糖基异丙基硫醚的鱼饲料诱食剂的制备方法制得的含糖基异丙基硫醚的鱼饲料诱食剂，在鱼饲料中的添加量优选为0.1-10％；诱食剂添加量低于0.1％，诱食效果不明显，添加量高于10％，可能会起到抑制作用，不具经济效益。
不同重量配比的本发明含糖基异丙基硫醚的鱼饲料诱食剂，对不同种鱼具有不同的刺激作用，本领域技术人员可以根据所饲养鱼的种类，适当调整各组分的重量配比和浓度，以进一步提高本发明含糖基异丙基硫醚的鱼饲料诱食剂的诱食效果。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：本发明使用糖基异丙基硫醚、草酰乙酸和熟制的禾虫粉作为含糖基异丙基硫醚的鱼饲料诱食剂的主要组分，与适量添加的韭菜籽提取物、核苷酸、生物碱、虾青素及紫苏籽油协同作用，对鱼类的味觉和嗅觉具有强烈的刺激作用，具有优异的诱食效果，并能激活消化酶活性，促进消化吸收，提高机体抗氧化能力，从而有效增加鱼类的摄食量，提高饲料效率，促进鱼类生长并减少养殖水体的污染。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明方案作进一步说明：
实施例1：
含糖基异丙基硫醚的鱼饲料诱食剂配方：按重量份数计，糖基异丙基硫醚15份、草酰乙酸15份、禾虫粉20份、韭菜籽提取物18份，核苷酸10份，氯化胆碱3份，虾青素3份，紫苏籽油5份。
制备方法：
1)将诱食剂原料粉碎，按小量叠加的原则混合，过200目筛后，混合机混合10min，得混合诱食剂；
2)取2kg步骤1)制得的混合诱食剂加入湿法制粒机中，加入10％的水，湿法制粒，其中混合、切割的转速分别为400r/min、3500r/min；
3)将步骤2)制得的诱食剂颗粒置于流化床中，干燥，按1:5配比，以60g透明质酸钠与桃胶的混合物溶于热水中作为包衣液，进料速度为1.1mL/min进行包衣，获得包衣颗粒；其中流化床的进风温度、床温分别为50、40℃，气源、气密压强分别为0.50、0.35MPa。
实施例2：
以实施例1制得的含糖基异丙基硫醚的鱼饲料诱食剂作为试验组，以不添加饲料诱食剂作为对照组，以草鱼作为试验用鱼，初始平均体重为(79.89±0.85)g，实验随机分成2组，每组两个平行，每个平行选取体质健壮，外表无伤的鱼20尾，共80尾，两组饲喂相同饲料，试验组以5％的添加量添加诱食剂，对照组不添加诱食剂，饲喂周期为10周。
实验结束后饥饿24h，分别称量各组草鱼的体重、体长、体高，计算增重率、饲料系数。检测结果见表1。
具体指标的计算如下：
增重率＝(末均重－初均重)(g)/初均重(g)×100％；
饵料系数＝总投饲量/(末体重－初体重)。
表1七彩神仙鱼的生长性能指标
由表1可知，试验组的增重率显著高于对照组，饲料系数明显低于对照组，说明饲喂本实施例的含糖基异丙基硫醚的鱼饲料诱食剂，提高了草鱼的饲料转化率，增加摄食量，明显促进了草鱼的生长性能。提示本发明含糖基异丙基硫醚的鱼饲料诱食剂可改善饲料适口性、促进消化吸收、增加食欲，提高摄食量、降低饲料系数、促进生长。
本发明的操作步骤中的常规操作为本领域技术人员所熟知，在此不进行赘述。
以上所述的实施例对本发明的技术方案进行了详细说明，应理解的是以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的原则范围内所做的任何修改、补充或类似方式替代等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.含糖基异丙基硫醚的鱼饲料诱食剂，其特征在于：基于诱食剂的重量，所述诱食剂包含0.01-50％糖基异丙基硫醚、0.01-50％草酰乙酸或其盐、禾虫粉和韭菜籽提取物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含糖基异丙基硫醚的鱼饲料诱食剂，其特征在于：所述诱食剂包含1-30％，优选5-20％，更优选为10-15％的糖基异丙基硫醚；所述诱食剂包含1-40％，优选5-30％，更优选10-20％的草酰乙酸或其盐；所述禾虫粉包含生禾虫粉以及以各形式制熟的禾虫粉，优选至少15％的量；所述韭菜籽提取物优选5-25％的量。
3.根据权利要求1所述的含糖基异丙基硫醚的鱼饲料诱食剂，其特征在于：所述韭菜籽提取物的提取方法包括：将韭菜籽磨碎，加入60-80％的乙醇溶液，使料液比达到1:5-40，微波处理60-120s，400W超声波提取1-4h，超声温度40-60℃，过滤、浓缩、冷冻干燥，得韭菜籽提取物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的含糖基异丙基硫醚的鱼饲料诱食剂，其特征在于：所述诱食剂还包含添加的核苷酸和/或核苷；基于诱食剂的重量，所述核苷酸和/或核苷的量为至少0.5％，优选至少3％，更优选至少10％或更多。
5.根据权利要求1所述的含糖基异丙基硫醚的鱼饲料诱食剂，其特征在于：按重量份数计，所述诱食剂优选包含：糖基异丙基硫醚15份、草酰乙酸15份、禾虫粉20份、韭菜籽提取物18份，核苷酸10份，氯化胆碱3份，虾青素3份，紫苏籽油5份。
6.含糖基异丙基硫醚的鱼饲料诱食剂的制备方法，包括：
1)将诱食剂原料粉碎，按小量叠加的原则混合，过100-200目筛后，混合机混合5-15min，得混合诱食剂；
2)将混合诱食剂与壁材进行湿法制粒，然后置于流化床中干燥、使用壁材包衣，获得合适尺寸的包衣颗粒。
7.根据权利要求6所述的含糖基异丙基硫醚的鱼饲料诱食剂的制备方法，其特征在于：所述制粒和包衣的壁材优选为透明质酸钠和桃胶，其中，透明质酸钠和桃胶的配比为1:(10-1)。
8.根据权利要求6所述的含糖基异丙基硫醚的鱼饲料诱食剂的制备方法，其特征在于：湿法制粒中混合、切割的转速分别为250-600r/min、3000-4000r/min；流化床工艺参数为：进风温度、床温分别为50、40℃，气源、气密压强分别为0.50、0.35MPa，包衣液进料速度1.1mL/min。
9.权利要求1-5任一项所述的含糖基异丙基硫醚的鱼饲料诱食剂和/或权利要求6-8任一项所述的含糖基异丙基硫醚的鱼饲料诱食剂的制备方法制得的含糖基异丙基硫醚的鱼饲料诱食剂，其特征在于：所述诱食剂在鱼饲料中的添加量优选为0.1-10％。
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| CN108473528A (zh) * | 2015-10-29 | 2018-08-31 | 赛诺米克斯公司 | 高强度甜味剂 |
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| CN103734544A (zh) * | 2014-01-20 | 2014-04-23 | 盐城工学院 | 一种梭鱼用中草药诱食剂 |
| CN103798545A (zh) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-05-21 | 上海鳞道生物科技有限公司 | 七彩神仙鱼高效诱食剂及其制备方法 |
| CN104187153A (zh) * | 2014-09-02 | 2014-12-10 | 郑宗林 | 一种观赏鱼着色组合物及其应用 |
| CN108473528A (zh) * | 2015-10-29 | 2018-08-31 | 赛诺米克斯公司 | 高强度甜味剂 |
| CN106912748A (zh) * | 2015-12-28 | 2017-07-04 | 上海鳞道生物科技有限公司 | 七彩神仙鱼人工配合饲料及其制备方法 |
| US20160376263A1 (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2016-12-29 | Senomyx, Inc. | Bitter taste modifiers including substituted 1-benzyl-3-(1-(isoxazol-4-ylmethyl)-1h-pyrazol-4-yl)imidazolidine-2,4-diones and compositions thereof |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114947023A (zh) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-08-30 | 湖北至正天辰生物科技有限公司 | 一种花鲢诱食剂及应用 |
| CN114947023B (zh) * | 2022-05-17 | 2024-01-30 | 湖北至正天辰生物科技有限公司 | 一种花鲢诱食剂及应用 |
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