WO2017177954A1 - 发电机定子和发电机 - Google Patents

发电机定子和发电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017177954A1
WO2017177954A1 PCT/CN2017/080509 CN2017080509W WO2017177954A1 WO 2017177954 A1 WO2017177954 A1 WO 2017177954A1 CN 2017080509 W CN2017080509 W CN 2017080509W WO 2017177954 A1 WO2017177954 A1 WO 2017177954A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
generator
stator
coil
different
phase
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2017/080509
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱干军
Original Assignee
舍弗勒技术股份两合公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 filed Critical 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司
Priority to US16/092,941 priority Critical patent/US10978927B2/en
Priority to EP17781930.7A priority patent/EP3444926A4/en
Priority to BR112018071099A priority patent/BR112018071099A2/pt
Priority to RU2018140192A priority patent/RU2727796C2/ru
Priority to AU2017251536A priority patent/AU2017251536A1/en
Publication of WO2017177954A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017177954A1/zh
Priority to ZA2018/06606A priority patent/ZA201806606B/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/04—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for rectification
    • H02K11/049—Rectifiers associated with stationary parts, e.g. stator cores
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/18—Windings for salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1846—Rotary generators structurally associated with wheels or associated parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61C—LOCOMOTIVES; MOTOR RAILCARS
    • B61C3/00—Electric locomotives or railcars
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • H02K16/04—Machines with one rotor and two stators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2203/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the windings
    • H02K2203/06—Machines characterised by the wiring leads, i.e. conducting wires for connecting the winding terminations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of generators, and in particular to a generator stator and a generator including the same.
  • PCB printed circuit board
  • Each phase of the coil configuration in a conventional generator has only a single power/voltage/current output, which limits the generator application in a railway vehicle.
  • the generator In a generator of a railway vehicle, the generator is driven by a rotating component (eg, a shaft, an axle) in the vehicle.
  • the output power depends on the rotational speed of the rotating component. The higher the rotational speed, the greater the output power.
  • the speed of the vehicle may range from tens of kilometers per hour to several hundred kilometers per hour, and the generator produces a wide range of output power. Therefore, the power/voltage/current of the direct output changes over a wide range.
  • control device It is difficult to process the output in a constant manner by the control device.
  • the control device can only handle relatively small changes in input voltage.
  • the output power may exceed the load limit.
  • a particularly complex power management scheme is needed to suppress power generation to protect the generator and control unit.
  • the present invention provides a generator stator and a generator including the same that can be applied in applications in which the rotational speed of the rotating body varies over a wide range.
  • the invention may be employed, but is not limited to the following.
  • the present invention provides a generator stator, wherein the generator stator includes at least two coil sets formed by winding a wire, the at least two coil sets being independent of each other to form independent power outputs.
  • each coil set includes a coil that constitutes a single phase power output of the single phase output generator.
  • the generator stator further includes a stator core, and the at least two coil sets are wound around the same stator core.
  • each coil set includes three coils that form a three-phase power output of the three-phase output generator.
  • the generator stator further includes a stator core, and different coil groups are arranged at different circumferential positions of the same stator core.
  • the generator stator further includes a stator core, and different coil groups are disposed at the same circumferential direction but different radial positions of the same stator core.
  • the generator stator comprises a stator core, and different coil groups are respectively arranged at different axial positions of the same stator core;
  • the generator stator includes a plurality of stator cores, and different coil groups are respectively disposed on different stator cores that are axially staggered.
  • the generator stator comprises a plurality of stator cores, and different coil groups are respectively arranged on stator cores that are overlapped in a radial direction but have different radial dimensions.
  • the invention also provides a generator comprising the above described generator stator according to the invention.
  • the generator includes a rotor and a plurality of stators that share the rotor.
  • the generator further comprises a control unit and a control device, the power outputs of the different coil sets being connected to the same control device via different control units, the control unit for controlling the connection of the different coil sets to the control independently of each other The on/off state of the power output of the device.
  • control unit is a switch
  • control device is a rectifying and stabilizing device
  • the generator stator of the present invention can be applied to applications in which the rotational speed of a rotating component such as a railway vehicle varies over a wide range, which can generate a safety output that does not exceed the limits of the electrical load and the generator, and can effectively prevent the generator and
  • the control unit is overloaded. More specifically, it is possible to control according to the rotational speed of the rotor, and in the case where the rotational speed of the rotor varies over a wide range, a relatively stable power output can still be produced by the control of the control device.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a generator stator according to the prior art.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic view of a generator stator according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic view of another generator stator according to the prior art.
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic view of a generator stator according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic view of a generator stator according to a third embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 6 shows a schematic view of a generator according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 7 shows a schematic view of a generator according to a fifth embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 8 shows a schematic view of another generator in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 9 shows a schematic view of yet another generator in accordance with the present invention.
  • stator core 10 first coil 20 second coil 30 third coil
  • stator core 200 in the stator of the generator according to the prior art, a single conductor is wound into a one-phase coil 100 of the generator.
  • Fig. 1 coils of seven positions of the portions X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, and X7 in the stator core 200 are shown.
  • stator core 201 in the stator core 201, two or more unconnected wires are wound together to constitute a phase coil (two or more coil groups), the two The more or more wires (coils) are subject to the same flux change, producing mutually independent electrical outputs of the same phase.
  • FIG. 2 three unconnected (independent/insulated) wires are shown in FIG. 2 to form a phase coil of the generator, ie, portions X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7 in FIG.
  • the first coil 10, the second coil 20, and the third coil 30 are disposed separately (only the coils of the portions X1, X3, X5, and X7 are shown in Fig. 2 for the sake of clarity). It is thus possible to generate three independent electrical outputs.
  • the coils 10, 20, 30 may have the same length (the same number of turns) and/or wire diameter to produce the same output power / voltage / current. Alternatively, the coils 10, 20, 30 can have different lengths and/or wire diameters to produce different output powers/voltages/currents.
  • the generator stator of the present invention can be applied to different types of generators, that is, not only to single-phase output generators, but also to three-phase output generators.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic view of a three-phase output generator stator according to the prior art.
  • the A-phase, B-phase, and C-phase coils are spaced apart from each other by 120 degrees in the circumferential direction of the stator core 300.
  • a star connection method may be adopted, that is, one ends of the A phase, the B phase, and the C phase coil respectively generate an A phase output, a B phase output, and a C phase output, and the other end of the three coils, that is, A0.
  • the B0 and C0 points are connected together, and their common points lead to the neutral line.
  • a delta connection can also be employed.
  • the A-phase coil, the B-phase coil, and the C-phase coil constitute one coil group.
  • the first coil group includes an A-phase coil, a B-phase coil, and a C-phase coil, which constitute a three-phase power output of the three-phase output generator.
  • the second coil set includes an A1 phase coil, a B1 phase coil, and a C1 phase coil, which constitute another three-phase power output of the three-phase output generator.
  • the two three-phase power outputs are independent of each other.
  • the first coil group and the second coil group are stacked and wound on the same stator core 301.
  • the A1 phase coils are stacked and disposed at the position of the A-phase coil, and the B1 phase is laminated and disposed at the position of the B-phase coil.
  • the coils are laminated with C1 phase coils at the positions of the C-phase coils.
  • the A-phase coil and the A1 phase coil, the B-phase coil, and the B1 phase coil, the C-phase coil, and the C1 phase coil are respectively unconnected (independently/insulated from each other).
  • A0, B0, and C0 are connected together and lead to a neutral line
  • A10, B10, and C10 are connected together and lead to another neutral line. That is, in the stator of the second embodiment, two sets of three-phase outputs (6 outputs) are drawn.
  • the A-phase coil and the A1 phase coil may be disposed at different positions in the radial direction at the same circumferential position of the stator core 301.
  • the A1, B1, and C1 phase coils are also spaced apart from each other by 120 degrees in the circumferential direction of the stator core 301.
  • the first coil group includes an A-phase coil, a B-phase coil, and a C-phase coil, which constitute a three-phase power output of the three-phase output generator.
  • the second coil group includes an A1 phase coil, a B1 phase coil, and a C1 phase coil. These three coils form another three-phase power output of the three-phase output generator.
  • the two three-phase power outputs are independent of each other.
  • the two coil sets are arranged at different circumferential positions of the same stator core 302.
  • the A1 phase coil is also disposed at a position shifted from the position of the A-phase coil in the circumferential direction of the stator core 302
  • the B1 phase coil is disposed at a position shifted from the position of the B-phase coil in the circumferential direction of the stator core 302
  • the C1-phase coil is disposed at a position shifted from the position of the C-phase coil in the circumferential direction of the stator core 302.
  • the A-phase coil and the A1 phase coil, the B-phase coil, and the B1 phase coil, the C-phase coil, and the C1 phase coil are respectively unconnected (independently/insulated from each other).
  • A0, B0, and C0 are connected together and lead to a neutral line
  • A10, B10, and C10 are connected together and lead to another neutral line. That is, in the coil configuration of the third embodiment, two sets of three-phase outputs (six outputs) are drawn.
  • the A1, B1, and C1 phase coils are also spaced apart from each other by 120 degrees in the circumferential direction of the stator core 302.
  • the coils can be arranged at more locations of the stator core.
  • three, four or more sets of three phase outputs i.e., 9, 12 or more outputs
  • the coil configurations as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 can be used in combination.
  • the present invention can be understood as constructing a plurality of sets of prior art coils independent of each other in one stator, or it can be understood that one generator of the present invention is equivalent to a plurality of generators in the prior art, which is more The generators share one rotor, and further, the coils of the plurality of generators share a stator core.
  • two stators 401, 402 are arranged around the same rotor 900, and stators 401 and 402 are arranged at different axial positions of the rotor 900.
  • the stators 401 and 402 may be stators of the prior art, or may be stators according to the above first to third embodiments of the present invention.
  • the outputs of the stators 401 and 402 are independent of each other.
  • different coil sets are respectively arranged on different stator cores that are axially offset.
  • two stators 403, 404 are concentrically arranged around the same rotor 900, and the stator 404 is fitted over the stator 403.
  • the stators 403 and 404 are disposed at the same axial position of the rotor 900.
  • the stators 403 and 404 may be stators in the prior art, or may be stators according to the above first to third embodiments of the present invention.
  • the outputs of the stators 403 and 404 are independent of each other.
  • different coil groups are respectively arranged on stator cores which are overlapped in the radial direction but have different radial dimensions.
  • FIG 8 shows a schematic view of a generator according to the invention in which the stator shown in Figure 2 can be employed.
  • One output of the first coil 10 is connected to the control device 50 via a switch K1
  • one output of the second coil 20 is connected to the control device 50 via a switch K2
  • one output of the third coil 30 is connected to the control device 50 via the switch 30.
  • the control device 50 can be a rectifying voltage regulator.
  • FIG 9 shows a schematic view of a generator according to the invention in which the stators shown in Figures 4 to 7 can be employed.
  • the A-phase output of the A-phase coil is connected to the control device 500 via the switch K4
  • the B-phase output of the B-phase coil is connected to the control device 500 via the switch K5
  • the C-phase output of the C-phase coil is connected to the control device 500 via the switch K6.
  • the A1, B1, and C1 phase outputs of the A1, B1, and C1 phase coils are connected to the control device 500 via switches K7, K8, and K9, respectively.
  • the switch K4, K5, K6 or the switches K7, K8, K9 can be turned off to avoid control.
  • Device 500 is overloaded.
  • the switches K4, K5, K6 can be a set of synchronous switches, and the switches K7, K8, K9 are another set of open-step switches. In this way, the opening and closing operation of the switch can be simplified.
  • the control device 500 can also be a rectifying voltage regulator.
  • the generator stator and generator of the present invention are not limited to being applied to railway vehicles, and It is used in applications where the rotational speed of other traffic vehicles and any other rotating components varies over a wide range.
  • the generator stator of the present invention can be applied to applications in which the rotational speed of a rotating component such as a railway vehicle varies over a wide range, which can generate a safety output that does not exceed the limits of the electrical load and the generator, and can effectively prevent the generator and The control unit is overloaded.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Windings For Motors And Generators (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

一种发电机定子和发电机，其中，所述发电机定子包括由导线卷绕形成的至少两个线圈组，所述至少两个线圈组彼此独立，以形成彼此独立的电力输出。所述发电机定子可以应用于诸如铁路车辆等的转动部件的转速在大范围内变化的应用中，其可以产生不超出电负载和发电机的极限的安全输出，可以有效地防止发电机和控制装置过载。

Description

发电机定子和发电机
相关申请的引用
本申请要求2016年4月15日提交的，申请号为201610236640.1，发明名称为“发电机定子和发电机”的中国发明专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用合并于此。
技术领域
本发明涉及发电机领域，具体地涉及发电机定子及包括该定子的发电机。
背景技术
传统的发电机通常使用单根导线来卷绕成发电机(单相输出发电机和/或三相输出发电机)的每相的线圈，因此，每相只有一个电功率输出，即单个电压/电流输出。由额外的控制装置，例如，印刷电路板(PCB)处理功率/电压/电流输出。
传统的发电机中的线圈构造的每相仅具有单个功率/电压/电流输出，这限制了铁路车辆中的发电机应用。在铁路车辆的发电机中，发电机由车辆中的转动部件(例如，轴、车轴)驱动。输出功率取决于转动部件的转速，转速越高，输出功率越大。
在铁路车辆应用中，车辆的速度可能是几十千米/小时至几百千米/每小时，发电机会产生宽范围的输出功率。因此，直接输出的功率/电压/电流在大范围内改变。
难以通过控制装置以恒定的方式处理该输出。通常，控制装置仅能处理相对小的输入电压变化。
尤其是在铁路车辆轴箱发电机中，输出功率可能超出负载极限，在这种 情况下，需要特别复杂的功率管理方案来抑制功率产生，以保护发电机和控制装置。
发明内容
考虑到现有技术的上述缺陷，本发明提供一种能够应用在转动体的转速在大范围内变化的应用中的发电机定子和包括该定子的发电机。
本发明可以采用、但不限于下述方案。
本发明提供一种发电机定子，其中，所述发电机定子包括由导线卷绕形成的至少两个线圈组，所述至少两个线圈组彼此独立，以形成彼此独立的电力输出。
可选地，每个线圈组包括一个线圈，构成单相输出发电机的单相电力输出。
优选地，所述发电机定子还包括定子铁芯，所述至少两个线圈组卷绕同一定子铁芯。
可选地，每个线圈组包括三个线圈，构成三相输出发电机的三相电力输出。
优选地，所述发电机定子还包括定子铁芯，不同线圈组布置在同一定子铁芯的不同周向位置上。
可选地，所述发电机定子还包括定子铁芯，不同线圈组布置在同一定子铁芯的周向相同但径向不同的位置上。
可选地，所述发电机定子包括定子铁芯，不同线圈组分别布置在同一定子铁芯的不同轴向位置上；或者
所述发电机定子包括多个定子铁芯，不同线圈组分别布置在轴向上错开的不同定子铁芯上。
可选地，所述发电机定子包括多个定子铁芯，不同线圈组分别布置在沿径向看重叠但是径向尺寸不同的定子铁芯上。
本发明还提供一种发电机，其包括根据本发明的上述发电机定子。
可选地，所述发电机包括一个转子和共用该转子的多个定子。
优选地，所述发电机还包括控制单元和控制装置，不同线圈组的电力输出经由不同控制单元连接到同一控制装置，所述控制单元用于彼此独立地控制不同线圈组的连接至所述控制装置的电力输出的通断状态。
优选地，所述控制单元为开关，所述控制装置为整流稳压装置。
本发明的发电机定子可以应用于诸如铁路车辆等的转动部件的转速在大范围内变化的应用中，其可以产生不超出电负载和发电机的极限的安全输出，可以有效地防止发电机和控制装置过载。更具体地，可以根据转子的转速进行控制，在转子的转速在大范围变化的情况下，可以通过控制装置的控制仍产生相对稳定的功率输出。
附图说明
图1示出了根据现有技术的发电机定子的示意图。
图2示出了根据本发明的第一实施方式的发电机定子的示意图。
图3示出了根据现有技术的另一发电机定子的示意图。
图4示出了根据本发明的第二实施方式的发电机定子的示意图。
图5示出了根据本发明的第三实施方式的发电机定子的示意图。
图6示出了根据本发明的第四实施方式的发电机的示意图。
图7示出了根据本发明的第五实施方式的发电机的示意图。
图8示出了根据本发明的另一发电机的示意图。
图9示出了根据本发明的再一发电机的示意图。
附图标记说明
200定子铁芯  100线圈
201定子铁芯  10第一线圈  20第二线圈  30第三线圈
300、301、302定子铁芯
900、901转子  401、402、403、404定子
K1至K9开关  50、500控制装置
具体实施方式
如图1所示，在根据现有技术的发电机定子中，在定子铁芯200中，由单根导线绕成发电机的一相线圈100。图1中示出了定子铁芯200中的部位X1、X2、X3、X4、X5、X6、X7这七个位置的线圈。
在本发明中，如图2所示，在定子铁芯201中，两个或更多个未连接的导线一起卷绕以构成一相线圈(两个或更多个线圈组)，该两个或更多个导线(线圈)经受相同的磁通改变，产生相同相位的彼此独立的电输出。
具体地，在图2中示了三根未连接(彼此独立/彼此绝缘)的导线构成发电机的一相线圈，即可以在图1中的部位X1、X2、X3、X4、X5、X6、X7分别布置第一线圈10、第二线圈20、第三线圈30(为清楚起见，图2中仅示出了部位X1、X3、X5、X7的线圈)。因此可以产生三个彼此独立的电输出。
线圈10、20、30可以具有相同的长度(相同的匝数)和/或线径，以产生相同的输出功率/电压/电流。或者，线圈10、20、30可以具有不同长度和/或线径，以产生不同的输出功率/电压/电流。
本发明的发电机定子可以应用于不同类型的发电机，即不仅可以应用于单相输出发电机，还可以应用于三相输出发电机。
图3示出了根据现有技术的一种三相输出发电机定子的示意图。如图3所 示，在定子铁芯300中，A相、B相、C相线圈在定子铁芯300的周向上彼此隔开120度。在该定子的线圈构造中，可以采用星形接法，即A相、B相、C相线圈的一端分别产生A相输出、B相输出、C相输出，三个线圈的另一端、即A0、B0、C0点连接到一起，其公共点引出中性线。当然，在该定子的线圈构造中，还可以采用三角形接法。
在该定子的线圈构造中，A相线圈、B相线圈和C相线圈构成一个线圈组。
参照图4，在本发明的发电机定子的第二实施方式中包括两个线圈组。第一线圈组包括A相线圈、B相线圈和C相线圈，这三个线圈构成三相输出发电机的三相电力输出。第二线圈组包括A1相线圈、B1相线圈和C1相线圈，这三个线圈构成三相输出发电机的另一三相电力输出。两个三相电力输出是彼此独立的。第一线圈组和第二线圈组层叠缠绕在同一定子铁芯301上。
更具体地，除在如图3所示的位置布置A相、B相、C相线圈外，还在A相线圈的位置处层叠布置A1相线圈，在B相线圈的位置处层叠布置B1相线圈，在C相线圈的位置处层叠布置C1相线圈。A相线圈和A1相线圈、B相线圈和B1相线圈、C相线圈和C1相线圈分别未连接(彼此独立/彼此绝缘)。以星形接法为例，A0、B0、C0连接到一起并引出一个中性线，A10、B10、C10连接到一起并引出另一中性线。也就是，在该第二实施方式的定子中，引出两组三相输出(6个输出)。
如上所述，A相线圈和A1相线圈可以在定子铁芯301的同一周向位置，布置在径向上的不同位置。B相线圈和B1相线圈、C相线圈和C1相线圈也是如此。A1、B1、C1相线圈也在定子铁芯301的周向上彼此隔开120度。
参照图5，在本发明的发电机定子的第三实施方式中包括两个线圈组。第一线圈组包括A相线圈、B相线圈和C相线圈，这三个线圈构成三相输出发电机的三相电力输出。第二线圈组包括A1相线圈、B1相线圈和C1相线圈， 这三个线圈构成三相输出发电机的另一三相电力输出。两个三相电力输出是彼此独立的。两个线圈组布置在同一定子铁芯302的不同周向位置上。
更具体地，除在如图3所示的位置布置A相、B相、C相线圈外，还在与A相线圈的位置在定子铁芯302的周向上错开的位置布置A1相线圈，在与B相线圈的位置在定子铁芯302的周向上错开的位置布置B1相线圈，在与C相线圈的位置在定子铁芯302的周向上错开的位置布置C1相线圈。A相线圈和A1相线圈、B相线圈和B1相线圈、C相线圈和C1相线圈分别未连接(彼此独立/彼此绝缘)。以星形接法为例，A0、B0、C0连接到一起并引出一个中性线，A10、B10、C10连接到一起并引出另一中性线。也就是，在该第三实施方式的线圈构造中，引出两组三相输出(6个输出)。
A1、B1、C1相线圈也在定子铁芯302的周向上彼此隔开120度。
当然，根据发电机的转子中磁极的数目，可以在定子铁芯的更多位置布置线圈。在图4和图5的实施方式中，可以通过改变线圈的组数来输出三组、四组或更多组三相输出(即，9、12或更多个输出)。并且，如图4和图5的所示的线圈构造可以组合使用。
简单地说，本发明可以理解为在一个定子中构造彼此独立的多组现有技术中的线圈，或者可以理解为本发明的一个发电机相当于现有技术中的多个发电机，该多个发电机共用一个转子，更进一步地，多个发电机的线圈共用一个定子铁芯。
参照图6，在根据本发明的第四实施方式的发电机中，两个定子401、402绕着同一转子900布置，定子401和402布置于转子900的不同轴向位置。定子401和402可以为现有技术中的定子，也可以是根据本发明的上述第一至第三实施方式的定子。定子401和402的输出彼此独立。在该发电机中，不同的线圈组分别布置在轴向上错开的不同定子铁芯上。
可以理解，也可以在同一定子铁芯的轴向上错开的位置布置不同线圈组。
参照图7，在根据本发明的第五实施方式的发电机中，两个定子403、404绕着同一转子900同心布置，并且定子404套在定子403上。定子403和404布置于转子900的同一轴向位置。定子403和404可以为现有技术中的定子，也可以是根据本发明的上述第一至第三实施方式的定子。定子403和404的输出彼此独立。在该发电机中，不同线圈组分别布置在沿径向看重叠但是径向尺寸不同的定子铁芯上。
图8示出了可以采用图2所示的定子的根据本发明的发电机的示意图。第一线圈10的一个输出经由开关K1连接到控制装置50，第二线圈20的一个输出经由开关K2连接到控制装置50，第三线圈30的一个输出经由开关30连接到控制装置50。在发电机的转子转速较大时，在第一至第三线圈10至30中产生的电流也较大，在该电流超出预定的阈值时，可以关闭开关K1、K2、K3中的一者或两者，以避免控制装置过载。特别地，该控制装置50可以为整流稳压装置。
图9示出了可以采用图4至7所示的定子的根据本发明的发电机的示意图。A相线圈的A相输出经由开关K4连接到控制装置500，B相线圈的B相输出经由开关K5连接到控制装置500，C相线圈的C相输出经由开关K6连接到控制装置500。类似地，A1、B1、C1相线圈的A1、B1、C1相输出分别经由开关K7、K8、K9连接到控制装置500。在发电机的转子转速较大时，在各相线圈中产生的电流也较大，在该电流超出预定的阈值时，可以关闭开关K4、K5、K6或者开关K7、K8、K9，以避免控制装置500过载。优选地，开关K4、K5、K6可以为一组同步开关，开关K7、K8、K9为另一组开步开关。这样，可以简化开关的开闭动作。特别地，该控制装置500也可以为整流稳压装置。
当然，本发明的发电机定子和发电机不限于应用于铁路车辆，其还可以 应用于其它交通车辆和任何其它转动部件的转速在大范围内变化的应用中。
本发明的发电机定子可以应用于诸如铁路车辆等的转动部件的转速在大范围内变化的应用中，其可以产生不超出电负载和发电机的极限的安全输出，可以有效地防止发电机和控制装置过载。
本发明不限于上述具体实施方式，本领域技术人员在本发明的教导下可以对本发明作出各种改变或变型，而不脱离本发明的范围。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种发电机定子，其特征在于，所述发电机定子包括由导线卷绕形成的至少两个线圈组，所述至少两个线圈组彼此独立，以形成彼此独立的电力输出。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的发电机定子，其特征在于，每个线圈组包括一个线圈，构成单相输出发电机的单相电力输出。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的发电机定子，其特征在于，所述发电机定子还包括定子铁芯，所述至少两个线圈组卷绕同一定子铁芯。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的发电机定子，其特征在于，每个线圈组包括三个线圈，构成三相输出发电机的三相电力输出。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的发电机定子，其特征在于，所述发电机定子还包括定子铁芯，不同线圈组布置在同一定子铁芯的不同周向位置上。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的发电机定子，其特征在于，所述发电机定子还包括定子铁芯，不同线圈组布置在同一定子铁芯的周向相同但径向不同的位置上。
  7. 根据权利要求1、2或4所述的发电机定子，其特征在于，
    所述发电机定子包括定子铁芯，不同线圈组分别布置在同一定子铁芯的不同轴向位置上；或者
    所述发电机定子包括多个定子铁芯，不同线圈组分别布置在轴向上错开的不同定子铁芯上。
  8. 根据权利要求1、2或4所述的发电机定子，其特征在于，所述发电机定子包括多个定子铁芯，不同线圈组分别布置在沿径向看重叠但是径向尺寸不同的定子铁芯上。
  9. 一种发电机，其特征在于，所述发电机包括权利要求1至8中的任一项所述的发电机定子。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的发电机，其特征在于，所述发电机包括一个转子和共用该转子的多个定子。
  11. 根据权利要求9或10所述的发电机，其特征在于，所述发电机还包括控制单元和控制装置，不同线圈组的电力输出经由不同控制单元连接到同一控制装置，所述控制单元用于彼此独立地控制不同线圈组的连接至所述控制装置的电力输出的通断状态。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的发电机，其特征在于，所述控制单元为开关，所述控制装置为整流稳压装置。
PCT/CN2017/080509 2016-04-15 2017-04-14 发电机定子和发电机 WO2017177954A1 (zh)

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