WO2017164690A1 - Cellule solaire organique et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Cellule solaire organique et son procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017164690A1
WO2017164690A1 PCT/KR2017/003195 KR2017003195W WO2017164690A1 WO 2017164690 A1 WO2017164690 A1 WO 2017164690A1 KR 2017003195 W KR2017003195 W KR 2017003195W WO 2017164690 A1 WO2017164690 A1 WO 2017164690A1
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WIPO (PCT)
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layer
solar cell
organic solar
transport layer
lower electrode
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PCT/KR2017/003195
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
갈진하
문정열
박홍관
최윤영
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코오롱인더스트리 주식회사
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Priority claimed from KR1020170037458A external-priority patent/KR20170113233A/ko
Publication of WO2017164690A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017164690A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
    • H10K30/80—Constructional details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
    • H01L31/0256—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by the material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an organic solar cell having excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency and process reliability and a method of manufacturing the same.
  • the organic solar cell is a conjugated polymer such as polyparaphenylenevinylene (PPV) having double bonds alternately, a photosensitive low molecule such as CuPc, perylene, pentacene, or (6,6) -phenyl- It is a solar cell of the structure which utilizes organic substance, such as organic-semiconductor material, such as C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM).
  • PSV polyparaphenylenevinylene
  • PCBM C61-butyric acid methyl ester
  • Organic solar cells basically have a thin film structure, and are generally disposed between the anode and the cathode, which are positioned to face each other, and are interposed between the anode and the cathode, and electrons such as hole acceptors such as conjugated polymers and fullerenes.
  • the electron acceptor is composed of a photoactive layer including an organic material having a junction structure, and further includes an organic film of a hole transport layer and an electron transport layer in upper and lower portions of the photoactive layer, if necessary.
  • the organic solar cell When light is incident on the organic solar cell from an external light source, the light passes through the anode to the photoactive layer, and photons forming the incident light collide with electrons in the valence band present in the electron acceptor of the photoactive layer.
  • the electrons in the valence band receive energy corresponding to the wavelength of the photons from the collided photons and leap to the conduction band, and holes remain in the valence band.
  • the holes left in the electron acceptor move to the anode, the electrons in the conduction band move to the cathode, and the organic solar cell has electromotive force by the electrons and holes moved to each electrode to operate as a power source.
  • Such organic solar cells can be mass-produced with easy processability and low price, and can be manufactured by a roll-to-roll method to produce a large-area electronic device having flexibility. .
  • Due to low photoelectric conversion efficiency there are difficulties in practical use. Accordingly, various methods for improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of organic solar cells have been studied.
  • Dead Space a relatively large dead space (Dead Space) is generated relative to the total area, which causes a disadvantage that the active area is reduced. This is a phenomenon that is issued because there is a limit to increase the precision in the printing process, in particular, it is difficult to increase the precision in the laminated coating.
  • GFF geometric fill factor
  • this technique has a disadvantage in that it is difficult to apply in the roll-to-roll printing process at least three times as a fine pattern process by laser scribing.
  • the present invention has been made to solve the above problems of the prior art,
  • a lower electrode and an upper electrode having a predetermined pattern are formed on the substrate, and a photoactive layer, an electron transport layer, and a hole transport layer are successively formed between two opposing electrodes to maximize the photoactive area at the same substrate size.
  • a photoactive layer, an electron transport layer, and a hole transport layer are successively formed between two opposing electrodes to maximize the photoactive area at the same substrate size.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an organic solar cell having excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency and process reliability and a method of manufacturing the same.
  • the present invention is a substrate; A plurality of lower electrodes formed in a predetermined pattern on the substrate; A first layer including the lower electrode and having an electron transport layer and a hole transport layer alternately formed over the entire surface of the substrate; A photoactive layer formed over the entire first layer; A second layer in which an electron transport layer and a hole transport layer are alternately formed so that a layer different from the first layer is disposed over the entire surface of the photoactive layer; And it provides an organic solar cell comprising a plurality of upper electrodes formed by forming a predetermined pattern on the second layer.
  • the organic solar cell of the present invention can exhibit enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency by increasing the geometric filling rate to 95% or more by securing the maximum photoactive region on the same size substrate.
  • the first layer, the second layer, and the photoactive layer including the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer are sequentially formed between the lower electrode and the upper electrode disposed opposite to each other, the series connection between the cells in the organic solar cell is easy. Resistance between edges between cells can be minimized, thereby improving process reliability and efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the structure of a conventional organic solar cell.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the structure of an organic solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 3 is a step-by-step view showing a method of manufacturing an organic solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • gap refers to a cavity, a spaced area, a spaced distance, a spaced space, a pattern pitch.
  • each cell that absorbs light and converts it into electrical energy is arranged in a predetermined pattern to form a single unit. It's called a module.
  • one module may be separated by itself, and each of these modules may constitute one organic solar cell. At this time, since the power generated by one module is weak, most of the modules are connected to form an organic solar cell.
  • the conventional organic solar cell 100 includes a substrate 1, a lower electrode 2, an electron transport layer 3, a photoactive layer 4, a hole transport layer 5, and an upper electrode 6.
  • the conventional organic solar cell 100 includes a substrate 1, a lower electrode 2, an electron transport layer 3, a photoactive layer 4, a hole transport layer 5, and an upper electrode 6.
  • a battery cell sequentially stacked, and forms a connection portion A having a predetermined spaced area for connecting the upper electrode 6 and the lower electrode 2 in series between adjacent battery cells.
  • the formed connection portion A is an unusable region, which reduces the ratio of the active area that functions as a photoelectric conversion function in the substrate, thereby reducing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the organic solar cell.
  • the lower electrode and the upper electrode having a predetermined pattern are formed on the substrate, and the photoactive layer, the electron transport layer, and the hole transport layer are continuously formed therebetween, thereby forming a connection part of the conventional organic solar cell (7 in FIG. Minimize) and facilitate the electrical connection between cells to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and process reliability of the organic solar cell.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the structure of an organic solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • an organic solar cell 200 includes a substrate 10; A plurality of lower electrodes 20 formed in a predetermined pattern on the substrate 10; A first layer 30 including the lower electrode 20 and having an electron transport layer and a hole transport layer alternately formed over the entire surface of the substrate 10; A photoactive layer 40 formed over the entire first layer 30; A second layer 50 in which an electron transport layer and a hole transport layer are alternately formed so that a layer different from the first layer is disposed over the entire surface of the photoactive layer 40; And a plurality of upper electrodes 60 formed by forming a predetermined pattern on the second layer 50.
  • the patterns of the lower electrode and the upper electrode are spaced apart at intervals of 10 to 100 ⁇ m, and they have a structure electrically connected to each other.
  • one lower electrode 20 includes a first lower electrode 20A and a second lower electrode 20B having opposite polarities.
  • one upper electrode 60 also includes a first upper electrode 60A and a second upper electrode 60B having opposite polarities.
  • the lower electrode 20 and the upper electrode 60 are arranged in a predetermined pattern on the substrate in the x-axis and y-axis directions.
  • the patterns of the lower electrode 20 and the upper electrode 60 are spaced apart at intervals of 10 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 50 to 100 ⁇ m. If the spacing between the patterns is less than 10 ⁇ m, a problem arises in cell division such as contact with neighboring electrodes in the process. In contrast, if the thickness exceeds 100 ⁇ m, the geometric filling rate is lowered.
  • the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer formed on the first layer 30 and the second layer 50 may be continuously formed to be connected to each other.
  • the photoactive layer 40 may be integrally formed.
  • the organic solar cell 200 does not have a dead space except for the gaps between the patterns of the lower electrode 20 and the upper electrode 60. Not only can the area be greatly increased, but the degree of integration on the substrate can be increased, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the organic solar cell.
  • the first layer 30, the second layer 50, and the photoactive layer 40 are continuously formed between the lower electrode 20 and the upper electrode 60 disposed opposite to each other, a series connection between the cells is achieved. It is easy to reduce the resistance between edges between cells, thereby improving process reliability and efficiency.
  • the substrate 10 may be used without particular limitation as long as it has transparency.
  • the substrate 10 is a transparent inorganic substrate such as quartz or glass, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate (PC), polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP) , Polyimide (PI), polyethylene sulfonate (PES), polyoxymethylene (POM), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyether sulfone (PES) and polyetherimide (PEI) Of transparent plastic substrates can be used. Among them, it is preferable to use a transparent plastic substrate which is flexible and has high chemical stability, mechanical strength and transparency.
  • the substrate 10 may have a transmittance of at least 70% or more, preferably 80% or more at a visible light wavelength of about 400 to 750 nm.
  • the shape of the substrate 10 may be a polygon such as a circle or a triangle, a square.
  • the thickness of the substrate 10 is not particularly limited and may be appropriately determined depending on the intended use, but may be 1 to 500 ⁇ m.
  • the lower electrode 20 has a high transparency because light passing through the substrate 10 reaches the photoactive layer 40 and has a high work function of about 4.5 eV or higher and a low resistance. Preference is given to using.
  • the lower electrode 20 includes a first lower electrode 20A and a second lower electrode 20B having opposite polarities, and is formed of a series of module structures formed of the same material and formed on the lower electrode. Therefore, they have different polarities (negative electrode and positive electrode). That is, the polarity of the first lower electrode 20A and the second lower electrode 20B varies according to the layer stacked on the lower electrode, and may be a normal structure or an inverted structure.
  • the first lower electrode 20A is an anode
  • the first upper electrode 60A which will be described later, is a cathode, on the first lower electrode 20A, and the first lower electrode 20A.
  • the second lower electrode 20B is a cathode
  • the second upper electrode 60B which will be described later, is an anode
  • the second lower electrode 20B and the second lower electrode 20B are disposed on the anode.
  • the lower electrode 20 may be formed of indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO), and indium tin zinc oxide.
  • the lower electrode 20 may have a thickness of about 10 nm to about 3000 nm.
  • the first layer 30 includes the above-described lower electrode 20, and the electron transport layer 30B and the hole transport layer 30A are alternately formed over the entire surface of the substrate 10.
  • the electron transport layer 30B allows electrons generated in the photoactive layer 40 to be described later to be easily transferred to an adjacent electrode.
  • the electron transport layer 30B can be used a known material without limitation, for example, aluminum tris (8-hydroxyquinoline), Alq 3 , lithium fluoride (LiF), lithium It may be formed using a material such as a complex (8-hydroxy-quinolinato lithium, Liq), a nonconjugated polymer, a nonconjugated polymer electrolyte, a conjugated polymer electrolyte, or an n-type metal oxide.
  • the n-type metal oxide may be, for example, TiO x , ZnO or Cs 2 CO 3 .
  • a self-assembled thin film of a metal layer may be used as the electron transporting layer.
  • the hole transport layer 30A helps to move the holes generated in the photoactive layer to the adjacent second electrode.
  • the hole transport layer may be a known material without limitation, and, for example, poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), poly (styrenesulfonate) (PSS), polyaniline, phthalocyanine, pentacene, poly Diphenyl acetylene, poly (t-butyl) diphenylacetylene, poly (trifluoromethyl) diphenylacetylene, copper phthalocyanine (Cu-PC) poly (bistrifluoromethyl) acetylene, polybis (T-butyldiphenyl ) Acetylene, poly (trimethylsilyl) diphenylacetylene, poly (carbazole) diphenylacetylene, polydiacetylene, polyphenylacetylene, polypyridineacetylene, polymethoxyphenylacetylene, polymethylphenylacetylene, poly (t-butyl) phenyl And one or more hole transport materials selected from ace
  • the photoactive layer 40 is formed over the entirety of the first layer 30 described above, and has a bulk heterojunction structure in which a hole acceptor and an electron acceptor are mixed.
  • the hole acceptor includes an organic semiconductor such as an electrically conductive polymer or an organic low molecular semiconductor material.
  • the electrically conductive polymer is any one selected from the group consisting of polythiophene, polyphenylene vinylene, polyfluorene, polypyrrole, copolymers thereof, and combinations thereof.
  • the organic low molecular weight semiconductor material may be pentacene, anthracene, tetratracene, perylene, oligothiophene, derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof. It may be any one selected from.
  • the hole receptor is poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT), poly-3-octylthiophene (poly-3-octylthiophene, P3OT), polyparaphenylenevinylene [poly- p-phenylene vinylene, PPV], poly (dioctylfluorene) [poly (9,9′-dioctylfluorene)], poly (2-methoxy-5- (2-ethyl-hexyloxy) -1,4- Phenylenevinylene) [poly (2-methoxy-5- (2-ethyl-hexyloxy) -1,4-phenylene vinylene, MEH-PPV], poly (2-methyl-5- (3 ', 7'-dimethyl Octyloxy))-1,4-phenylenevinylene [poly (2-methyl-5- (3 ', 7'-dimethyloctyloxy))-1,4-phenyleneviny
  • the electron acceptor may be any one nanoparticle selected from the group consisting of fullerene (C60) or fullerene derivatives, CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnSe, and combinations thereof.
  • the electron acceptor is (6,6) -phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester [(6,6) -phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester; PCBM], (6,6) -phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester [(6,6) -phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester; C70-PCBM], (6,6) -thienyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester [(6,6) -thienyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester; ThCBM], carbon nanotubes, and combinations thereof.
  • the photoactive layer 40 preferably includes a mixture of P3HT as a hole acceptor and PCBM as an electron acceptor, wherein the mixing weight ratio of P3HT and PCBM may be 1: 0.1 to 1: 2.
  • the photoactive layer 40 may have a thickness of 10 to 1000 nm, preferably 100 to 500 nm. When the thickness of the photoactive layer 40 is less than the above range, it is not possible to sufficiently absorb sunlight, the light current is lowered, the efficiency is expected to decrease, on the contrary, if the above range is exceeded the excited electrons and holes cannot move to the electrode efficiency Degradation problems can occur.
  • the electron transport layer 50A and the hole transport layer 50B are alternately arranged such that a layer different from the first layer 30 is disposed over the entire surface of the photoactive layer 40 described above.
  • the electron transport layer 50A and the hole transport layer 50B are the same as described above in the first layer 30.
  • the upper electrode 60 may be used without particular limitation as long as it is used in an organic solar cell, but it is preferable to use a material having a low work function and having high plasma resistance.
  • the upper electrode 60 includes a first upper electrode 60A and a second upper electrode 60B having opposite polarities. Therefore, when the first upper electrode 60A is a cathode, the second upper electrode 60B is an anode.
  • the upper electrode 60 includes silver (Ag), copper (Cu), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), zirconium (Zr). Metal particles such as iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn); Or a precursor containing the metal element, for example, silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ), Cu (HAFC) 2 (Cu (hexafluoroacetylacetonate) 2 ), Cu (HAFC) (1,5-Cyclooctanediene), Cu (HAFC) (1, 5-Dimethylcyclooctanediene), Cu (HAFC) (4-Methyl-1-pentene), Cu (HAFC) (Vinylcyclohexane), Cu (HAFC) (DMB), Cu (TMHD) 2 (Cu (tetramethylheptanedionate) 2 ), DMAH ( dimethylaluminum hydride, TMEDA (tetramethylethylenediamine), DME
  • the thickness of the upper electrode 60 may be 10 to 5000 nm.
  • the present invention provides a method of manufacturing the organic solar cell.
  • the organic solar cell of the present invention can be manufactured by a roll-to-roll method.
  • the substrate wound on the roll is released and supplied to the working die; Slot die (Slot-Die, 80), slot die for photoactive layer formation to alternately print the lower electrode forming rotary screen (Rotary Screen, 90), the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer in the direction of the substrate alternately (80), the slot die 80 partitioned so as to alternately print the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer, and the rotary electrode 90 for forming the upper electrode sequentially arranged to sequentially form the layers Can be performed.
  • Slot die Slot-Die, 80
  • an organic solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • the lower electrode 20 and the upper electrode 60 are continuously formed so as to be electrically connected, and the patterns of each of the lower electrode 20 and the upper electrode 60 are spaced apart at intervals of 10 to 100 ⁇ m. It can be prepared using the manufacturing method of. In this case, the gap between the lower electrodes 70 and the gap between the upper electrodes 71 are formed in a zigzag without being formed at the same position.
  • the lower electrode, the electron transport layer, the hole transport layer, the photoactive layer and the upper electrode can be formed using various methods known in the art. For example, deposition, sputtering, coating / printing process, and the like, and the coating / printing process, slot die coating method, bar coating method, Meyer bar coating method, spin coating method, comma coating method, curtain coating method, micro It can be formed through one or more methods selected from gravure coating, inkjet coating, spray coating or doctor blade coating.
  • the lower electrode 20 may be formed in a shape including a gap 70 by using deposition, sputtering, and the like, and the upper electrode 60 may be a rotary screen. 3, 90), micro gravure, and slot die may be used to form the gap 71.
  • the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer formed on the first layer and the second layer may be formed using a slot-die partitioned so as to print the alternating electron transport layer and the hole transport layer at a time, and microgravure It can also form using.
  • the photoactive layer 40 may be formed using a slot die or micro gravure.
  • the organic solar cell of the present invention can be easily manufactured by the conventional roll-to-roll method. That is, the flexible substrate wound on the roll is unwound and supplied to the work die, and according to the traveling direction of the flexible substrate, equipment necessary for forming each layer described above is sequentially arranged to stack each layer. Can be.
  • connecting portion 70 gap between lower electrodes

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Selon la présente invention, une cellule solaire organique augmente un taux de charge géométrique d'au moins 95 % en garantissant une zone photo-active maximale sur un substrat de façon à améliorer considérablement l'efficacité de conversion photoélectrique de la cellule solaire organique, facilite une connexion électrique entre les cellules, et peut être fabriquée de manière efficace au moyen d'un procédé rouleau à rouleau classique, améliorant ainsi la fiabilité de traitement de la cellule solaire organique.
PCT/KR2017/003195 2016-03-25 2017-03-24 Cellule solaire organique et son procédé de fabrication WO2017164690A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR10-2016-0036326 2016-03-25
KR20160036326 2016-03-25
KR1020170037458A KR20170113233A (ko) 2016-03-25 2017-03-24 유기태양전지 및 이의 제조방법
KR10-2017-0037458 2017-03-24

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WO2017164690A1 true WO2017164690A1 (fr) 2017-09-28

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005516364A (ja) * 2002-01-25 2005-06-02 コナルカ テクノロジーズ インコーポレイテッド 太陽電池の相互接続
KR20100107600A (ko) * 2009-03-26 2010-10-06 삼성전자주식회사 태양전지 및 그 제조 방법
KR20130011598A (ko) * 2011-07-22 2013-01-30 광주과학기술원 태양전지 모듈 및 이의 제조방법
JP2014067921A (ja) * 2012-09-26 2014-04-17 Toshiba Corp 太陽電池モジュール
KR101440607B1 (ko) * 2013-04-15 2014-09-19 광주과학기술원 태양전지 모듈 및 이의 제조방법

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005516364A (ja) * 2002-01-25 2005-06-02 コナルカ テクノロジーズ インコーポレイテッド 太陽電池の相互接続
KR20100107600A (ko) * 2009-03-26 2010-10-06 삼성전자주식회사 태양전지 및 그 제조 방법
KR20130011598A (ko) * 2011-07-22 2013-01-30 광주과학기술원 태양전지 모듈 및 이의 제조방법
JP2014067921A (ja) * 2012-09-26 2014-04-17 Toshiba Corp 太陽電池モジュール
KR101440607B1 (ko) * 2013-04-15 2014-09-19 광주과학기술원 태양전지 모듈 및 이의 제조방법

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