WO2017159869A1 - 電磁界撮像装置 - Google Patents
電磁界撮像装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017159869A1 WO2017159869A1 PCT/JP2017/011005 JP2017011005W WO2017159869A1 WO 2017159869 A1 WO2017159869 A1 WO 2017159869A1 JP 2017011005 W JP2017011005 W JP 2017011005W WO 2017159869 A1 WO2017159869 A1 WO 2017159869A1
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- electromagnetic field
- axis direction
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- crystal
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 262
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
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- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 100
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/0864—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics characterised by constructional or functional features
- G01R29/0878—Sensors; antennas; probes; detectors
- G01R29/0885—Sensors; antennas; probes; detectors using optical probes, e.g. electro-optical, luminescent, glow discharge, or optical interferometers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/0864—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics characterised by constructional or functional features
- G01R29/0892—Details related to signal analysis or treatment; presenting results, e.g. displays; measuring specific signal features other than field strength, e.g. polarisation, field modes, phase, envelope, maximum value
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/28—Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer
- G01R31/302—Contactless testing
- G01R31/308—Contactless testing using non-ionising electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical radiation
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to a technique for imaging an electromagnetic field generated from an imaging target and displaying the imaging result as an image.
- An electric field or a magnetic field is collectively referred to as an electromagnetic field.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for imaging an electric field distribution on a circuit using the electro-optic effect of light by the electro-optic crystal, and an electric field on the circuit using the magneto-optic effect of light by the magneto-optic crystal.
- a technique for visualizing the distribution is described.
- the electro-optic crystal and the magneto-optic crystal have a property that, when an electromagnetic field is present in the crystal, the polarization state of light incident on the crystal is changed by the electromagnetic field.
- a plurality of wirings may be formed at a fine interval of about several ⁇ m, for example.
- the smaller the interval between adjacent wires the greater the refractive field integration effect inside the electro-optic crystal or the magneto-optic crystal.
- the electric field generated from each wiring is not decomposed on the image.
- an electromagnetic field generated from an imaging target including fine wiring using the polarizing optical member while stably supporting the polarizing optical member having an electro-optic effect or a magneto-optic effect. It is desirable that the distribution of the image can be imaged with high resolution and the imaged result can be displayed.
- the electromagnetic field imaging device is configured to capture an electromagnetic field that is an electric field or a magnetic field generated from an imaging target including at least wiring.
- This electromagnetic field imaging device includes a modulated light output unit, a polarizing optical member, a first support member, a reflection member, a second support member, a polarization processing unit, a photoelectric conversion unit, and an imaging processing unit.
- the wiring is a conductor for transmitting an electrical signal, and specific modes of the transmitted signal, such as a voltage value, a current value, a frequency, and a waveform, are not particularly limited.
- the modulated light output unit is configured to be able to output modulated light modulated at a specific modulation frequency.
- the polarizing optical member is a plate-shaped member having an electro-optic effect or a magneto-optic effect, and the modulated light output unit is configured such that one of the two plate surfaces faces the imaging target.
- the modulated light output from is arranged so as to be incident in a direction perpendicular to the incident surface which is the other plate surface of both plate surfaces, and there is an electromagnetic field in the member, the member The polarization state and phase of the modulated light incident on the laser beam are changed by application of an electromagnetic field, and detection light that is the modulated light after the change is emitted.
- the term “vertical” here is not limited to the vertical in the strict sense, and may not be strictly vertical as long as the desired effect is achieved.
- the first support member is attached to the incident surface of the polarizing optical member to support the polarizing optical member, and is configured to transmit both modulated light and detection light.
- the reflecting member is a member that is attached to the facing surface of the polarizing optical member and reflects the modulated light that has entered the polarizing optical member and propagated to the facing surface toward the incident surface.
- the second support member is configured to support the first support member in a state in which the first support member is movable in the plate thickness direction of the polarizing optical member (that is, the vertical direction).
- the polarization processing unit is configured to convert detection light emitted from the polarization optical member through the first support member into light modulated according to the intensity and phase of the electromagnetic field.
- the photoelectric conversion unit is arranged to receive the detection light modulated by the intensity and phase of the electromagnetic field output from the polarization processing unit, photoelectrically converts the received detection light into an electrical signal, and outputs the electrical signal.
- the imaging processing unit generates and displays a two-dimensional image showing the distribution of the electromagnetic field generated from the imaging target based on the electrical signal output from the photoelectric conversion unit and the modulation frequency.
- the two-dimensional image displayed here may be, for example, at least one of various images of a real-time still image, a real-time moving image, a recorded still image, and a recorded moving image.
- the polarizing optical member is configured such that the plate thickness is 1.2 times or less the minimum gap interval of the wiring.
- the plate thickness is the length in the vertical direction of the polarizing optical member.
- interval of wiring is the smallest space
- the polarizing optical member is configured to be movable in the vertical direction relative to the imaging target, the polarizing optical member and the imaging target are brought into close contact with each other. Even when the two come into contact with each other, the polarizing optical member can be prevented from being damaged by the contact. That is, the polarizing optical member can be brought into close contact with the imaging target while being stably supported.
- the thickness of the polarizing optical member is 1.2 times or less the minimum gap interval of the wiring, the electromagnetic field distribution from the imaging target including the wiring is imaged with high resolution and low invasiveness. The result can be displayed as an image.
- minimally invasive as used herein means the degree to which the imaging target and surrounding electromagnetic fields are not disturbed even when the polarizing optical member and the member supporting it are close to the imaging target.
- Explanatory drawing which shows the outline
- the perspective view which shows the outline of the support structure of an electro-optic crystal.
- the side view which shows the detail of the support structure of an electro-optic crystal.
- the perspective view which shows the support structure of the crystal unit containing an electro-optic crystal.
- An optical model in which the configuration of an optical system interposed between an electro-optic crystal and a CMOS image sensor is schematically simplified as one lens.
- Explanatory drawing for demonstrating the theoretical resolution of the optical model of FIG. Explanatory drawing which shows the wiring pattern of imaging object.
- Explanatory drawing which shows an example of the electric field imaging result of 1st Embodiment.
- Electromagnetic field imaging device 5 ... Table, 7 ... Position elevation angle adjustment device, 8 ... Floor surface, 10 ... Imaging object, 11, 70 ... Electro-optic crystal, 12 ... 1st support glass, 13 ... 2nd support Glass, 14 ... Holder bottom plate, 14a ... Support recess, 15 ... Holder body, 15a ... Support hole, 16 ... Objective lens, 21 ... Reflective film, 22, 23 ... Antireflection film, 25 ... Crystal side marker, 30 ... LED illumination , 33 ... Half mirror, 35 ... Camera, 40 ... Imaging control system, 41 ... CMOS image sensor, 42 ... Light modulation oscillator, 43 ... Laser light source, 44 ...
- Transmission signal oscillator 51 ... Fiber end, 52 ... Collimator lens 58 ... Dichroic mirror, 70x ... x-axis direction crystal part, 70y ... y-axis direction crystal part, 70z ... z-axis direction crystal part, 81 ... spatial polarization controller, 100 ... wiring pattern 101 ... target side marker.
- the electromagnetic field imaging device 1 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 1 images an electromagnetic field from the imaging target 10, that is, an electric field or magnetic field generated from the imaging target 10, and the imaging result Can be output as a two-dimensional image.
- the two-dimensional image that can be output is at least one of a real-time still image, a real-time moving image, a recorded still image, and a recorded moving image.
- Which of the electric field and the magnetic field is imaged is selected from a member having an electro-optic effect (for example, an electro-optic crystal) and a member having a magneto-optic effect (for example, a magneto-optic crystal) as a polarizing optical member to be described later. It depends on.
- the imaging target 10 is a circuit board on which a wiring pattern 100 including a wiring for transmitting a signal is formed.
- the signal transmitted through the wiring pattern 100 is, for example, a signal in a band of several hundred MHz to several tens GHz, that is, a signal in a band of microwave to millimeter wave.
- the frequency of the signal transmitted through the wiring pattern 100 is not limited to the above frequency band, and may be any frequency band that produces an electro-optic effect or a magneto-optic effect in the polarizing optical member.
- the electromagnetic field imaging device 1 can capture an electromagnetic field from the wiring pattern 100.
- the electromagnetic field imaging device 1 of this embodiment includes a laser light source 43 that outputs modulated light.
- An optical modulation signal having an optical modulation frequency fLO is input to the laser light source 43 from an optical modulation oscillator 42 (hereinafter referred to as “oscillator 42”).
- the laser light source 43 generates laser light having a predetermined wavelength, amplitude-modulates the laser light with an optical modulation signal, and outputs modulated light that is the amplitude-modulated laser light.
- the wavelength of the modulated light output from the laser light source 43 is 780 nm, for example.
- a predetermined reference signal is input from the CMOS image sensor 41 to the oscillator 42. By this reference signal, the oscillator 42 and the CMOS image sensor 41 operate in synchronization.
- the modulated light is only a laser beam, and it is not essential that the modulated beam is a laser beam.
- a light source other than the laser light source may be used, and the light from the light source may be modulated and output as modulated light.
- the electromagnetic field imaging apparatus 1 further includes a transmission signal oscillator 44 (hereinafter referred to as “oscillator 44”) for generating a transmission signal to be supplied to the imaging target 10.
- the oscillator 44 generates and outputs a transmission signal having a signal frequency fRF.
- the transmission signal output from the oscillator 44 is amplified by the amplifier 45 and supplied to the imaging target 10. This transmission signal is transmitted through the wiring pattern 100 of the imaging target 10.
- the aforementioned reference signal is also input to the oscillator 44. With this reference signal, the oscillator 44 and the CMOS image sensor 41 operate in synchronization. That is, the oscillator 42, the oscillator 44, and the CMOS image sensor 41 operate in synchronization.
- Modulated light output from the laser light source 43 is introduced into the fiber end 51 through the optical fiber and emitted from the fiber end 51.
- the modulated light emitted from the fiber end 51 enters the objective lens 16 through the polarization optical system.
- the modulated light incident on the objective lens 16 passes through the second support glass 13 and the first support glass 12 and enters the electro-optic crystal 11 as a polarizing optical member.
- the electro-optic crystal 11 is a crystal having an electro-optic effect.
- the electro-optic effect is a phenomenon in which the polarization state of light incident on the electro-optic crystal changes under the influence of an electric field in the electro-optic crystal.
- the electro-optic crystal 11 of this embodiment is, for example, ZnTe.
- the electro-optic crystal 11 may be other types of crystals other than ZnTe.
- the polarizing optical member is not necessarily a crystal, and may be another polarizing optical member having an electrooptic effect other than the electrooptic crystal.
- the electro-optic crystal 11 is used as the polarizing optical member.
- the electromagnetic field imaging apparatus 1 of the present embodiment is configured to be able to image an electric field among the electromagnetic fields generated from the imaging target 10. If a magneto-optic crystal is used instead of the electro-optic crystal 11, a magnetic field generated from the imaging target 10 can be imaged. Even in the case of imaging a magnetic field distribution, the use of a magneto-optical crystal is merely an example, and other polarizing optical members having a magneto-optical effect other than the crystal may be used.
- the electro-optic crystal 11 has a thin plate shape with a square plate surface as a whole.
- the electro-optic crystal 11 is disposed so that one of both plate surfaces faces the imaging target 10. More specifically, the electro-optic crystal 11 has an upper surface (specifically, such that an electromagnetic field in the vicinity of the wiring pattern 100 in the electromagnetic field from the imaging object 10 enters the electro-optic crystal 11 in particular. Are arranged so as to be in contact with the upper surface of the wiring pattern 100.
- Modulated light output from the fiber end 51 is incident on the objective lens 16 through the polarization optical system.
- the entire structure including the quarter wavelength plate 53, the half wavelength plate 54, the polarization beam splitter 55, the quarter wavelength plate 56, and the half wavelength plate 57 is a polarization optical system.
- a polarization optical system is an optical system that handles the polarization state.
- the polarization state generally means a phase relationship between orthogonal polarization planes.
- the modulated light output from the fiber end 51 is converted into a parallel light beam by the collimator lens 52.
- the modulated light converted into a parallel light beam by the collimator lens 52 passes through a 1 ⁇ 4 wavelength plate 53, a 1 ⁇ 2 wavelength plate 54, and a polarization beam splitter 55, which are polarization optical systems, so that the polarization state and intensity are adjusted. .
- the modulated light that has passed through the polarization beam splitter 55 further passes through the quarter-wave plate 56 and the half-wave plate 57 and becomes elliptically polarized light after exiting the half-wave plate 57.
- the modulated light that has become elliptically polarized light has its optical axis bent in the direction of the objective lens 16 by the dichroic mirror 58.
- the modulated light whose optical axis is bent by the tichroic mirror 58 enters the electro-optic crystal 11 through the objective lens 16, the second support glass 13, and the first support glass 12.
- the modulated light is incident on the electro-optic crystal 11 perpendicularly to the plate surface.
- the modulated light incident on the electro-optic crystal 11 is reflected on the surface of the electro-optic crystal 11 opposite to the incident surface on which the modulated light is incident, and is emitted from the incident surface again.
- the modulated light reflected from the electro-optic crystal 11 and emitted from the incident surface is light whose polarization state has changed according to the electric field in the electro-optic crystal 11 (that is, the electric field radiated from the imaging object 10).
- the modulated light reflected from the electro-optic crystal 11 and emitted from the incident surface is hereinafter referred to as detection light.
- the modulated light incident on the electro-optic crystal 11 undergoes local polarization modulation in the electro-optic crystal 11 by the electric field generated from the wiring pattern 100 to which the transmission signal having the signal frequency fRF is transmitted, and the detection light is detected. Is emitted from the electro-optic crystal 11.
- the detection light emitted from the electro-optic crystal 11 is elliptically polarized light in which the modulated light incident on the electro-optic crystal 11 is phase-modulated with a part of the polarization component proportional to the electric field intensity from the imaging target 10.
- the light has local intensity distribution and local phase information of the electric field in the electro-optic crystal 11.
- the modulation frequency of the modulated light incident on the electro-optic crystal 11 is the light modulation frequency fLO.
- the polarization state of the detection light reflected in the electro-optic crystal 11 and emitted again changes with respect to the incident modulated light.
- the polarization state of the detection light depends on the intensity, frequency, and phase of the electric field that is generated from the imaging object 10 and exists in the electro-optic crystal 11, and at the same time, an ellipse that includes plane distribution information of the electric field. It is polarized.
- the time response of the electro-optic crystal 11 is extremely high, has a high frequency response that follows the signal frequency fRF of the electromagnetic field generated by the imaging object 10, and the polarization state distribution is the signal frequency of the nearby electromagnetic field of the imaging object 10. It also responds to fRF.
- the elliptically polarized detection light emitted from the electro-optic crystal 11 is incident on the CMOS image sensor 41 through a part of the polarization optical system and the imaging lens 59.
- the term “part of the polarization optical system” means a half-wave plate 57, a quarter-wave plate 56, and a polarization beam splitter 55.
- the detection light emitted from the electro-optic crystal 11 is partially phase-modulated by the signal frequency fRF of the transmission signal of the imaging target 10 as will be described later.
- the phase-modulated detection light is converted into intensity-modulated light through a part of the polarization optical system described above.
- the detection light converted into the intensity-modulated light is incident on the CMOS image sensor 41 through the imaging lens 59.
- the intensity modulation means that the received light intensity when received by the CMOS image sensor 41 is modulated so as to continuously change reflecting the electric field intensity, frequency, and phase of the imaging target. Due to the intensity modulation by a part of the polarization optical system described above, the detection light emitted from the electro-optic crystal 11, specifically, a part of the polarization component proportional to the electric field intensity from the imaging target 10 is elliptically polarized. The detection light is converted into laser light whose light intensity changes in proportion to the electric field intensity from the imaging object 10.
- the polarization beam splitter 55 has a role of extracting one of the two polarization components included in the incident detection light. The polarized component extracted upward (specifically, toward the imaging lens 59 side) by the polarization beam splitter 55 is a polarized component in which the electric field strength, frequency, and phase of the imaging target 10 are reflected by the intensity modulation.
- the polarization beam splitter 55, the quarter wavelength plate 56, and the half wavelength plate 57 which are a part of the polarization optical system, allow the modulated light output from the fiber end 51 to travel toward the electro-optic crystal 11. In the process, it exhibits the function of converting the modulated light into elliptically polarized light.
- the polarization beam splitter 55, the quarter wavelength plate 56, and the half wavelength plate 57 elliptically-polarized detection light emitted by the phase modulation from the electro-optic crystal 11 proceeds toward the CMOS image sensor 41. In the process, the detection light is converted into intensity-modulated light.
- the imaging lens 59 images the detection light from the polarization beam splitter 55 on the CMOS image sensor 41.
- the detection light imaged by the CMOS image sensor 41 is photoelectrically converted into an electrical signal by the CMOS image sensor 41.
- the electrical signal after photoelectric conversion by the CMOS image sensor 41 is input to the imaging control system 40.
- the imaging control system 40 includes a display device (for example, a liquid crystal display) that can display an image, and outputs a two-dimensional image in which an electric field is visualized to the display device based on an electrical signal output from the CMOS image sensor 41. .
- the imaging control system 40 calculates the intensity and phase of the electromagnetic field to be imaged based on the sine component and cosine component of the specific frequency included in the electrical signal input from the CMOS image sensor 41, and Output as dimensional image data.
- the imaging control system 40 displays the change in the electromagnetic field from the imaging target 10 by causing the display device to display phase information and amplitude information of the electromagnetic field of the imaging target that changes every moment for each pixel as a change in hue and density. It can be visualized as a moving image. That is, the imaging control system 40 can not only display the electromagnetic field from the imaging target 10 at a certain moment as a still image but also display the electromagnetic field from the imaging target 10 as a moving image. These images can be displayed in real time, or recorded and confirmed later. Therefore, the user can know the generation state of the electromagnetic field from the imaging target 10 and the change of the electromagnetic field with the passage of time in real time through the two-dimensional image, and can confirm and analyze afterwards based on the recorded data. Etc.
- the modulated light incident on the electro-optic crystal 11 is reflected by the reflection film 21 of the electro-optic crystal 11, passes through the electro-optic crystal 11 again, and is emitted as detection light.
- the reflective film 21 is not shown in FIG. 1 and is shown in FIG. 3 to be described later.
- Detection light which is modulated light modulated at the signal frequency fRF, is output to the CMOS image sensor 41 through a part of the polarization optical system and the imaging lens 59.
- the detection light incident on the CMOS image sensor 41 includes an intermediate frequency component having a frequency component of
- the polarization optical system described above that generates an intermediate frequency component having a frequency component of
- the modulated light emitted from the fiber end 51 and modulated at the frequency fLO is adjusted in polarization state and signal intensity by the quarter-wave plate 53, the half-wave plate 54, and the polarization beam splitter 55, and the quarter wavelength.
- the electro-optic crystal 11 undergoes phase modulation at the frequency fRF.
- the detection light includes an elliptically polarized component having a frequency component of
- the detection light including the elliptically polarized component is converted into a polarized component having a frequency component of
- the polarization optical system and the electro-optic crystal 11 have a function as a multiplier for the transmission signal of the signal frequency fRF and the modulated light of the optical modulation frequency fLO, and the difference frequency between the signal frequency fRF and the optical modulation frequency fLO. It operates as a mechanism for generating an intermediate frequency component of a certain
- includes the electric field information of the imaging target 10.
- the imaging control system 40 can obtain a two-dimensional image including the electric field information of the imaging target 10 and display it on the display device by adjusting the intermediate frequency component of
- the electromagnetic field imaging device 1 includes a table 5, a table support shaft 6, and a position elevation angle adjustment device 7.
- the imaging target 10 is placed on the table 5.
- the table support shaft 6 is a member for supporting the table 5.
- the table 5 is fixed to one end side of the table support shaft 6.
- the other end of the table support shaft 6 is connected to a position elevation angle adjusting device 7.
- the position elevation angle adjusting device 7 is placed on the floor surface 8.
- the position elevation angle adjusting device 7 is a device for adjusting the position of the table 5 (and consequently the position of the imaging target 10) and the elevation angle.
- the position / elevation angle adjusting device 7 is configured to be able to individually move the table support shaft 6 in the three axial directions of the x-axis direction, the y-axis direction, and the z-axis direction. That is, the position / elevation angle adjusting device 7 can individually move the imaging target 10 placed on the table 5 in the three-axis directions.
- the position / elevation angle adjusting device 7 can individually rotate the table support shaft 6 around the x axis and the y axis around the other end side.
- the table support shaft 6 is rotated around the x axis
- the table 5 is also rotated around the x axis.
- the table support shaft 6 is rotated around the y axis
- the table 5 is also moved accordingly. It rotates around the y axis.
- an angle formed by a mounting surface on which the imaging target 10 is placed on the table 5 and an opposing surface that is a surface facing the imaging target 10 out of both plate surfaces of the electro-optic crystal 11 is defined as an elevation angle.
- an angle component around the x axis is referred to as an elevation angle around the x axis
- an angle component around the y axis is referred to as an elevation angle around the y axis.
- the elevation angle around the x axis changes, and when the table 5 is rotated around the y axis, the elevation angle around the y axis changes.
- the plate surface of the circuit board on which the wiring pattern 100 is laid and the electro-optic crystal 11 facing each other It is desirable that the surface be parallel. That is, it is desirable that the elevation angle is 0 degree.
- the electromagnetic field imaging device 1 of the present embodiment is configured such that the mounting surface of the table 5 and the facing surface of the electro-optic crystal 11 are parallel in the initial state. Therefore, in terms of design, the plate surface of the imaging target 10 and the facing surface of the electro-optic crystal 11 are parallel in the initial state. However, in reality, when the imaging target 10 is placed on the table 5, it is expected that the plate surface of the imaging target 10 and the facing surface of the electro-optic crystal 11 are not parallel due to various factors. .
- the position / elevation angle adjusting device 7 is configured to adjust the elevation angle by rotating the table 5 about the x axis and the y axis as described above. Therefore, even if the plate surface of the imaging target 10 and the facing surface of the electro-optic crystal 11 are not parallel, the elevation angle around the x-axis and the y-axis is set to 0 degrees by the position elevation angle adjusting device 7. Can be adjusted.
- the electro-optic crystal 11 is supported by the first support glass 12 on the incident surface side opposite to the facing surface of both plate surfaces.
- the first support glass 12 is supported by the second support glass 13.
- the 2nd support glass 13 is mounted in the holder bottom plate 14 of a hollow disc shape.
- a reflective film 21 that reflects the modulated light from the laser light source 43 is provided on the facing surface of the electro-optic crystal 11.
- the modulated light incident on the electro-optic crystal 11 is reflected by the reflective film 21 without being transmitted to the imaging target 10 side, and is emitted in the incident direction.
- an antireflection film 22 for suppressing the reflection of the modulated light from the laser light source 43 is provided on the incident surface of the electro-optic crystal 11. As shown in FIG. 3, the electro-optic crystal 11 is attached to the first support glass 12 via an antireflection film 22. Further, an antireflection film 23 for suppressing reflection of modulated light from the laser light source 43 is also provided on the upper surface of the second support glass 13. Although not shown, when the first supporting glass 12 and the second supporting glass 13 are integrated, the modulated light is reflected at the boundary between the first supporting glass 12 and the second supporting glass 13. An antireflection film may be provided at the boundary between the support glass 12 and the second support glass 13.
- the holder bottom plate 14 is configured to be detachable from the holder main body 15.
- FIG. 1 shows a state in which the holder bottom plate 14 is mounted on the holder main body 15.
- An objective lens 16 is screwed and fixed to the holder body 15.
- the holder bottom plate 14 and the holder main body 15 are made of a non-metallic material such as nylon.
- the material of the holder bottom plate 14 and the holder main body 15 is desirably an insulator, more specifically an insulator having a dielectric constant as small as possible in order to maintain minimal invasiveness during electric field imaging.
- the material of the holder bottom plate 14 and the holder main body 15 is a non-magnetic material.
- Nylon is both an insulator and a non-magnetic material. Therefore, the nylon bottom plate 14 and the holder body 15 can be shared for both electric field imaging and magnetic field imaging.
- the holder main body 15 has a cylindrical shape as a whole.
- the holder body 15 is formed with a support hole 15a for supporting the objective lens 16 at the center of the upper surface.
- a thread groove is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the support hole 15a.
- a screw thread (not shown) is formed on the outer periphery of the objective lens 16. Therefore, the objective lens 16 is fixed to the holder body 15 by screwing the objective lens 16 into the support hole 15a.
- the holder body 15 is open on the lower surface side, and the holder bottom plate 14 is configured to be detachable on the lower surface side.
- the holder bottom plate 14 has a hollow disk shape.
- the holder bottom plate 14 is formed with a support recess 14 a for supporting the outer peripheral end of the second support glass 13.
- the second support glass 13 is not fixed to the holder bottom plate 14, but is simply supported in a state of being placed in the support recess 14a of the holder bottom plate 14. That is, one component (hereinafter referred to as “crystal block”) including the electro-optic crystal 11, the first support glass 12, and the second support glass 13 is not firmly fixed to the holder bottom plate 14, and is simply a holder. It is supported in a state where it is placed in the support recess 14a of the bottom plate 14.
- the movement of the crystal block in the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction is generally restricted, but the upper side in the z-axis direction (upward in FIG. 4). Movement is not regulated. That is, the crystal block can move away from the holder bottom plate 14 upward in the z-axis direction when an external force upward in the z-axis direction is applied to the crystal block.
- three screw holes 14b are formed in the support recess 14a of the holder bottom plate 14 so as to penetrate the support recess 14a in the vertical direction.
- three screw holes 14b are formed in the circumferential direction at a predetermined angular interval (for example, an interval of 120 degrees).
- Threads 18 are screwed into these three screw holes 14b from the lower surface side of the support recess 14a.
- the length of the screw shaft of each screw 18 is longer than the thickness in the vertical direction of the support recess 14a. Therefore, when the screw 18 is completely screwed into the screw hole 14b, the tip of the screw 18 protrudes from the upper surface of the support recess 14a for a certain length.
- the protrusion amount of the screw 18 from the upper surface of the support recess 14a can be individually adjusted for each screw 18 and can be zero. When the screw 18 protrudes from the upper surface of the support recess 14a, the tip of the screw 18 comes into contact with the second support glass 13, and the screw 18 lifts the second support glass 13 from the upper surface of the support recess 14a.
- the amount of protrusion of the screw 18 from the upper surface of the support recess 14a is individually adjusted for each screw 18, so that the tilt of the second support glass 13 (and hence the tilt of the electro-optic crystal 11) is adjusted.
- the positional relationship between the electro-optic crystal 11 and the optical system can be adjusted. That is, the modulated light can be finely adjusted so as to be incident on the electro-optic crystal 11 perpendicularly.
- the number of screw holes 14b is not limited to three.
- the horizontal adjustment of the electro-optic crystal 11 that is, the adjustment for allowing the modulated light to be perpendicularly incident on the plate surface of the electro-optic crystal 11, can be performed appropriately, the number of screw holes and screw holes
- the position of is not particularly limited.
- crystal-side markers 25 having a predetermined shape are added to the four corners of the opposing surface of the electro-optic crystal 11.
- target-side markers 101 having a predetermined shape are also added to the four corners of the circuit board constituting the imaging target 10.
- the crystal side marker 25 and the target side marker 101 are added at positions that do not overlap in the z-axis direction during imaging. As will be described later, these markers 25 and 101 are used when close parallelism adjustment is performed to bring the electro-optic crystal 11 and the imaging target 10 into close contact in a parallel state.
- the vertical dimension Dh1 of the first support glass 12 is 3 mm, for example, and the vertical dimension Dh2 of the second support glass 13 is 1 mm, for example.
- the crystal thickness Dt which is the vertical dimension of the electro-optic crystal 11, is, for example, 0.01 mm.
- interval Dgm which is the smallest space
- the crystal thickness Dt of the electro-optic crystal 11 is set within a range of 1.2 times or less of the minimum gap distance Dgm of the imaging target 10. That is, if the minimum gap distance Dgm of the imaging target 10 is, for example, 0.01 mm, the crystal thickness Dt of the electro-optic crystal 11 is set within a range of 0.012 mm or less. In other words, when the minimum gap distance Dgm of the imaging target 10 is the minimum resolution of the imaging target 10, the crystal thickness Dt of the electro-optic crystal 11 is within a range of 1.2 times or less of the minimum resolution of the imaging target 10. Must be set.
- the electro-optic crystal 11 has a thin plate shape with the minimum gap distance Dgm to be imaged as a reference (that is, the minimum resolution as a reference), so that the electric field distribution obtained as an imaging result can be obtained. High resolution has been realized.
- the electromagnetic field imaging device 1 also has a configuration for optically photographing the imaging target 10 in the z-axis direction, as shown in FIG. Specifically, the electromagnetic field imaging device 1 includes an LED illumination 30, a diaphragm 31, a lens 32, a half mirror 33, and a camera 35.
- the LED illumination 30 emits light for illuminating the imaging target 10.
- the light emitted from the LED illumination 30 irradiates the electro-optic crystal 11 through the diaphragm 31, the lens 32, the half mirror 33, the dichroic mirror 58, the objective lens 16, and the support glasses 12 and 13. Further, the light passes through the electro-optic crystal 11 and reaches the imaging target 10.
- the reflective film 21 does not function as a reflective film for the wavelength band of light from the LED illumination 30. Therefore, the light from the LED illumination 30 passes through the reflective film 21 and reaches the imaging target 10.
- the imaging object 10 can be visually recognized through the objective lens 16, and an image of the imaging object 10 is taken by the camera 35 through the half mirror 33.
- Image data captured by the camera 35 is input to the imaging control system 40.
- the imaging control system 40 can display an image of the imaging target 10 captured by the camera 35 on a display device based on the image data input from the camera 35.
- the imaging control system 40 can also superimpose an electric field image and a magnetic field image captured by the CMOS image sensor 41 on the optical image captured by the camera 35 and display them on the display device.
- crystal side markers 25 are added to the four corners of the opposing surface of the electro-optic crystal 11, and target side markers 101 are added to the four corners of the circuit board constituting the imaging target 10. Has been. These markers 25 and 101 are also photographed by the camera 35 and can be confirmed by displaying images.
- the position of the electro-optic crystal 11 is displayed on the display device in a state where all the four crystal side markers 25 of the electro-optic crystal 11 are in focus when the electro-optic crystal 11 is photographed by the camera 35. Have been adjusted to be. Therefore, if the four target side markers 101 of the imaging target 10 are both in focus when captured by the camera 35, the electro-optic crystal 11 and the imaging target 10 are in close contact with each other. Or it can be said that they are in a slightly separated state and in a parallel state.
- the four crystal-side markers 25 of the electro-optic crystal 11 are all in focus, whereas at least one of the four target-side markers 101 of the imaging target 10 is compared to the other. If the way of focusing is different, it can be said that the electro-optic crystal 11 and the imaging target 10 are not in a parallel state or in a state in which the distance between them is large.
- the user can adjust the contact parallelism between the electro-optic crystal 11 and the imaging target 10 while photographing and confirming how the markers 25 and 101 are focused with the camera 35. it can.
- the user electro-optics the imaging target 10 by the position / elevation angle adjusting device 7 so that both the crystal side marker 25 and the target side marker 101 are in focus in the captured image of the camera 35.
- the electro-optic crystal 11 and the imaging target 10 can be brought into close contact with each other in a parallel state.
- the user can adjust the focus by using the image captured by the CMOS image sensor 41 by using the CMOS image sensor 41 instead of the camera 35 as the optical photographing mode.
- the position / elevation angle adjusting device 7 and the imaging control system 40 are electrically connected, and the imaging control system 40 detects each crystal-side marker 25 on the lower surface of the electro-optic crystal 11 and the imaging target from the captured image of the camera 35.
- the position elevation angle adjusting device 7 may be automatically controlled by automatically determining the degree of coincidence of the focus of each of the ten target side markers 101.
- the number, shape, position, etc. of the crystal side markers 25 to be added to the opposing surface may be determined as appropriate.
- the number, shape, position, etc. of the target side markers 101 of the imaging target 10 may be determined as appropriate.
- FIG. 5 is an optical model in which the configuration of an optical system interposed between the electro-optic crystal 11 and the CMOS image sensor 41 is schematically simplified as one lens 50.
- FIG. 6 The theoretical resolution of this optical model is shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis indicates the optical path deviation when the optical path of the optical system deviates from the ideal state.
- a point with zero on the horizontal axis means a state in which the optical system is coupled by an ideal optical path.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 6 is the resolution of the optical system.
- the broken line indicated as “Diffraction” indicates the diffraction limit, which is 0.61 ⁇ / NA in the present embodiment, for example.
- the diffraction limit is about 10 ⁇ m.
- the out-of-focus blur that is, the inconsistency in focus, is proportional to the deviation of the distance d1 between the lens 50 and the electro-optic crystal 11 (the one-dot chain line shown as “Objective” in FIG. 6), and the lens 50 and the image sensor 41. It is also proportional to the deviation of the image distance d2 up to (dotted line labeled “Image” in FIG. 6).
- the deviation of d1 is more dominant than the deviation of d2.
- the resolution of the entire optical system is a combination of the above three elements (that is, a combination of the three characteristics of a broken line, an alternate long and short dash line, and a dotted line) and is indicated by a solid line in the figure.
- the deviation of the distance d1 is the most dominant in the resolution of the entire optical system.
- FIG. 8 shows an example of the result of imaging the electric field distribution from the imaging target 10 using the electromagnetic field imaging apparatus 1 of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 8 shows an imaging result when imaging is performed using an electro-optic crystal configured to be capable of imaging only the z-axis direction electric field component.
- FIG. 8 is an example of an electric field imaging result when a transmission signal is supplied to the wiring pattern 100 shown in FIG.
- the minimum gap distance Dgm which is the minimum value of the distance Dgi between adjacent lines, is 10 ⁇ m.
- the results in FIG. 8 are the results when the electro-optic crystal 11 having a crystal thickness Dt of 10 ⁇ m is used.
- FIG. 8 shows that the darker the light and dark, the weaker the electric field strength, and vice versa. As is clear from FIG. 8, the electric field distribution immediately above the wiring pattern 100 is observed with high resolution.
- FIG. 9 shows an example of an imaging result when a thick electro-optic crystal having a crystal thickness Dt of 350 ⁇ m is used for comparison.
- the crystal thickness Dt is relatively large with respect to the minimum gap distance Dgm of the wiring pattern 100, not only the electric field directly above the wiring pattern but also the electric field above the z-axis direction is integrated. Therefore, the electric field distribution directly above the wiring pattern 100 cannot be obtained with high accuracy.
- FIG. 10 shows an example of simulating the distribution of each z-axis direction electric field component when the crystal thickness Dt of the electro-optic crystal 150 is changed to six different types.
- FIG. 10 shows an imaging result when an in-phase transmission signal is applied to each of the wirings 100a and 100b. Based on the result of FIG. 10, the crystal thickness Dt necessary for separating and detecting the electric field strengths of the wirings 100a and 100b running in parallel at equal intervals will be verified.
- the detected value of the electric field strength at the center in the gap region between each wiring 100a, 100b is the electric field strength on each wiring 100a, 100b. It is desirable that it is less than half of the detected value. In the example of FIG. 10, when the crystal thickness Dt is 1.2 ⁇ m or less, the detected value of the electric field strength at the center of the gap region is not more than half of the detected value of the electric field strength on each wiring 100a, 100b. .
- the crystal thickness Dt is preferably 1.2 ⁇ m or less.
- the crystal thickness Dt is preferably 1.2 times or less of the minimum gap distance Dgm in the imaging target, and more preferably less than or equal to the minimum gap distance Dgm.
- the electro-optic crystal 11 is configured to be movable in the vertical direction relative to the imaging target 10. That is, when the electro-optic crystal 11 is brought close to the imaging object 10 and abuts on the imaging object 10 and receives an external force in the z-axis direction from the imaging object 10, the electro-optic crystal 11 can move in the direction of the external force. It has a structure. Therefore, even when the electro-optic crystal 11 and the imaging target 10 are relatively in close contact with each other, the electro-optic crystal 11 can be prevented from being damaged by the contact.
- the crystal thickness Dt which is the plate thickness of the electro-optic crystal
- the minimum gap distance Dgm of the wiring the electromagnetic field distribution from the imaging target including the wiring can be obtained with high resolution and low invasiveness. It is possible to take an image and display the imaged result. In particular, in this embodiment, in addition to being able to display the imaging result as a still image, it is also possible to display it as a moving image. Therefore, it is possible to observe the time-series change of the electromagnetic field with high accuracy.
- the electro-optic crystal 11 is supported by the support glasses 12 and 13, and the second support glass 13 is made of a non-metallic (nylon in this embodiment) holder bottom plate 14 and holder body 15. It is supported. That is, the electro-optic crystal 11 is supported by a material that does not affect (or has a small effect on) the distribution of the electric field generated from the imaging target 10. Therefore, the electromagnetic field from the imaging target 10 can be imaged with minimal invasiveness.
- the electromagnetic field imaging device 1 of the first embodiment can freely adjust the relative positional relationship between the imaging target 10 and the electro-optic crystal 11.
- the table 5 can be moved in the x-axis direction, the y-axis direction, and the z-axis direction, and the elevation angle around the x-axis and the elevation angle around the y-axis can be individually adjusted. For this reason, it is possible to easily adjust the contact parallelism for bringing the imaging target 10 into close contact with the electro-optic crystal 11 in a parallel state.
- the electromagnetic field imaging device 1 corresponds to an example of the electromagnetic field imaging device of the present disclosure.
- the laser light source 43 corresponds to an example of a modulated light output unit of the present disclosure.
- Each support glass 12 and 13 is equivalent to an example of the 1st support member of this indication.
- the reflective film 21 corresponds to an example of a reflective member of the present disclosure.
- the holder bottom plate 14 corresponds to an example of a second support member of the present disclosure.
- the CMOS image sensor 41 corresponds to an example of a photoelectric conversion unit of the present disclosure.
- the imaging control system 40 corresponds to an example of an imaging processing unit of the present disclosure.
- the polarization optical system corresponds to an example of the polarization processing unit of the present disclosure.
- the position elevation angle adjusting device 7 corresponds to an example of a moving unit, a movement control unit, and a movable mechanism of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 11 Another configuration example of the electro-optic crystal will be described as a second embodiment.
- the electro-optic crystal 11 in which the same single crystal is formed in a thin plate shape is illustrated as the electro-optic crystal.
- an electro-optic crystal having a structure having a plurality of crystals having different sensitivity directions with respect to an electric field is illustrated.
- the electro-optic crystal 70 of the second embodiment has a thin plate shape of a double-sided square as a whole, but more specifically, a plurality of elongated crystal parts are formed in a strip shape in the x-axis direction. It has an array structure. Specifically, the three crystal parts arranged in the x-axis direction, that is, the x-axis direction crystal part 70x, the y-axis direction crystal part 70y, and the z-axis direction crystal part 70z are defined as one unit structure. Four are arranged in the x-axis direction.
- the arrangement structure in which four unit structures are arranged in this way is an example, and the shape and arrangement state of the strips of the electro-optic crystal 70 may be appropriately combined depending on the region to be imaged.
- the shape of the strips may be changed according to the imaging target, strips having different shapes may be combined, or materials having different characteristics such as electro-optic crystals and magneto-optic crystals may be combined.
- each crystal part of the x-axis direction crystal part 70x, the y-axis direction crystal part 70y, and the z-axis direction crystal part 70z is the same.
- crystallization part 70x, 70y, 70z in the x-axis direction is called regulation length (DELTA) d.
- Each of the crystal parts 70x, 70y, and 70z is a crystal having the same composition and is ZnTe in the present embodiment as described above, but has different sensitivity directions with respect to the electric field. That is, the x-axis direction crystal part 70x has the highest sensitivity to the x-axis direction electric field component that is the x-axis direction component of the electric field in the x-axis direction crystal part 70x. There is no or very low sensitivity to the components.
- the sensitivity here is defined by B / A, which is the ratio of the electric field intensity A to be imaged to the amplitude B of the intensity-modulated light after PBS, that is, after passing through the polarization beam splitter.
- PBS is an abbreviation for “Polarizationolarbeam splitter” meaning a polarizing beam splitter.
- each of the crystal parts 70x, 70y, and 70z has the same composition, and at least one of the crystal parts 70x, 70y, and 70z may have a composition different from the other.
- the y-axis direction crystal part 70y has the highest sensitivity to the y-axis direction electric field component that is the y-axis direction component of the electric field in the y-axis direction crystal part 70y, and the x-axis direction electric field component and the z-axis direction electric field component There is no or very low sensitivity.
- the z-axis direction crystal part 70z has the highest sensitivity to the x-axis direction electric field component that is a component in the z-axis direction among the electric fields in the z-axis direction crystal part 70z, and is sensitive to the x-axis direction electric field component and the y-axis direction electric field component. There is no or very low sensitivity.
- the other two of the x-axis direction electric field components that can be appropriately detected are used.
- the axial component is less likely to be reflected in the detection light, and an x-axis direction electric field component distribution appears relatively strongly, resulting in a result different from the actual result.
- the electro-optic crystal 70 has a period in which the x-axis direction crystal part 70x, the y-axis direction crystal part 70y, and the z-axis direction crystal part 70z are in a certain direction (for example, the x-axis direction). It is a structure that is ordered. As will be described later, the imaging of the imaging object 10 using the electro-optic crystal 70 is performed at three locations that differ by a specified length ⁇ d in the x-axis direction. And the electric field distribution of the whole imaging object 10 is obtained appropriately by combining the imaging results of these three places.
- FIG. 12 shows an electromagnetic field imaging apparatus for imaging the imaging target 10 using the electro-optic crystal 70 of FIG.
- An electromagnetic field imaging device 80 shown in FIG. 12 is a spatial polarization controller instead of the half-wave plate 57 and the quarter-wave plate 56, as compared with the electromagnetic field imaging device 1 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. The difference is that 81 is provided.
- the spatial polarization controller 81 has a structure in which different polarization controllers are arranged for each region corresponding to the optical path of each of the x, y, and z-axis crystal parts in the electro-optic crystal 70 in the spatial polarization controller 81. It has become. That is, the spatial polarization controller 81 has a structure in which a polarization optical system corresponding to each crystal part is combined for each crystal part arranged on the strip.
- the spatial polarization controller 81 having the above configuration is a fixed spatial polarization controller
- a spatial polarization controller having a configuration different from the fixed spatial polarization controller may be configured.
- a spatial polarization controller that can electrically control the polarization state with a liquid crystal element or the like can be used. If the spatial polarization controller having such a configuration is used, the polarization state can be adjusted for each crystal part having an arbitrary strip shape, and the spatial polarization controller needs to be replaced each time the electro-optic crystal 70 is changed to a different shape. Disappears.
- Such a dynamic spatial polarization controller may be used.
- the imaging control system 40 images the electric field distribution of the entire observation surface in the imaging object 10 in S110. That is, the imaging control system 40 outputs modulated light from the laser light source 43 and images the electric field distribution of the imaging target 10 based on the electrical signal from the CMOS image sensor 41.
- the imaging control system 40 uses the electric field distribution obtained in S110 based on the arrangement period of the x-axis direction crystal part 70x, the y-axis direction crystal part 70y, and the z-axis direction crystal part 70z constituting the electro-optic crystal 70. Are discriminated and stored in respective regions of an x-axis direction electric field component, a y-axis direction electric field component, and a z-axis direction electric field component.
- the imaging control system 40 determines whether or not the imaging target 10 has been moved a distance twice as long as the specified length ⁇ d from the initial state in which the first imaging was performed in S110. If the distance has not been moved twice as long as the defined length ⁇ d, the position / elevation angle adjusting device 7 moves the imaging target 10 in the x-axis direction by the defined length ⁇ d in S140. After the process of S140, the process returns to S110. If the imaging target 10 is moved a distance twice as long as the specified length ⁇ d in S130, the process proceeds to S150.
- the electric field is imaged at three positions different by ⁇ d in the x-axis direction, and the result is stored. That is, the electric field components of the x, y, and z axes are individually obtained in almost the entire region of the imaging target 10.
- the imaging control system 40 synthesizes the electric field components stored in these three locations and displays each component on the display device as an electric field distribution. Even if the electro-optic crystal 70 having the structure shown in FIG. 11 is used, the same effect as that of the first embodiment can be obtained.
- the electro-optic crystal 70 has a structure in which crystal parts having maximum sensitivity in the x, y, and z directions are periodically arranged. Therefore, by capturing the electric field distribution while shifting in the x-axis direction by the specified length ⁇ d that is the arrangement interval, it is possible to obtain an electric field distribution in which the three-axis electric field components are synthesized on almost the entire surface of the imaging target 10. it can.
- the effective imaging area in the second embodiment is an area smaller by 2 ⁇ d than the effective imaging area in the x-axis direction in the first embodiment. Note that this measurement requires time for movement of 2 ⁇ d, but the time required for movement is very short, and depending on conditions, it can be set to 1 second or less. Therefore, there is almost no waiting time for measurement, and the imaging result can be displayed.
- the electro-optic crystal 70 of this embodiment has a configuration in which a plurality of elongated crystal parts are arranged in a strip shape in the x-axis direction. Specifically, four unit structures composed of three crystal parts of the x-axis direction crystal part 70x, the y-axis direction crystal part 70y, and the z-axis direction crystal part 70z are arranged in the x-axis direction.
- the specified length ⁇ d which is the width in the x-axis direction of each crystal part, is set to a small value with respect to the resolution of the imaging optical system. Then, imaging is performed using the electro-optic crystal 70 with the specified length ⁇ d determined in this way.
- the imaging target area is imaged by the CMOS image sensor 41
- the x-axis direction electric field component by the x-axis direction crystal part 70x and the y-axis by the y-axis direction crystal part 70y obtained in the region of one unit structure are obtained.
- Each electric field component of the directional electric field component and the z-axis direction electric field component by the z-axis direction crystal part 70z can be approximated as an imaging result within one unit structure.
- the optical system and the CMOS image sensor 41 have a resolution capable of sufficiently discriminating the specified length ⁇ d of the strip
- the x-axis direction crystal part 70x, the y-axis direction crystal part 70y, and the z-axis direction crystal are selected for the imaging result.
- the imaging areas indicating the imaging results by the unit 70z are associated.
- the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis electric field components are reallocated to the display area at intervals of 3 ⁇ d, respectively, and the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis electric field components are reconstructed to display an image. Thereby, it is possible to image each electric field component and further, the electric field vector by one imaging without moving the imaging object 10.
- the x-axis direction crystal part 70x corresponds to an example of the x-axis direction optical part of the present disclosure.
- the y-axis direction crystal part 70y corresponds to an example of the y-axis direction optical part of the present disclosure.
- the z-axis direction crystal part 70z corresponds to an example of the z-axis direction optical part of the present disclosure.
- the spatial polarization controller 81 and the polarization beam splitter 55 correspond to an example of a polarization processing unit of the present disclosure.
- the close contact parallelism adjustment can be performed by moving the imaging target 10 side, but conversely, the imaging target 10 is fixed and the entire optical system including the electro-optic crystal. It may be possible to adjust the contact parallelism by moving. Alternatively, it may be possible to move both the electro-optic crystal side and the imaging object 10 side.
- the method of adjusting the close contact parallelism between the electro-optic crystal and the imaging target 10 is not limited to the method using the markers 25 and 101 described above.
- the electro-optic crystal may be focused using the markers 25 as in the above embodiment, and the imaging target 10 may be focused using the wiring pattern 100, for example. In that case, if the wiring pattern 100 is photographed in a focused state as a whole, it can be determined that the electro-optic crystal and the imaging target 10 are in close contact in parallel. Moreover, you may make it perform contact
- the support of the electro-optic crystal by the supporting glasses 12 and 13 is merely an example.
- the electro-optic crystal may be supported by another material that can transmit light other than glass. More specifically, the electro-optic crystal may be supported by a transparent material, that is, another material that does not reflect, refract, diffract, scatter, etc. the incident light inside the material.
- the plate shape of the polarizing optical member is a quadrangle.
- a polarizing optical member having a plate surface shape other than a quadrangle may be used.
- it may have a polygonal shape other than a quadrangle, or a circular thin plate shape.
- a crystal part having sensitivity directions of x, y, and z3 axes such as the electro-optic crystal 70 shown in FIG.
- the structure arranged periodically is just an example. You may decide suitably how each axial crystal part is arrange
- imaging may be performed using a polarizing optical member that includes only a crystal part having the strongest sensitivity in the specific direction.
- the circuit board including the wiring pattern 100 illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 7 is shown as an imaging target, but this is only an example.
- the electromagnetic field imaging device of the present disclosure can capture the distribution of the electromagnetic field of various imaging targets including wiring that transmits electrical signals.
- a circuit board on which a conductor pattern other than wiring is formed, a circuit board on which various electronic components are mounted, and the like, and the electromagnetic field from these conductor patterns and various electronic components can be imaged.
- the crystal thickness Dt is preferably 1.2 times or less of the smallest interval between adjacent conductor patterns in the imaging target, for example.
- the crystal thickness Dt may be 1.2 times or less the smallest value of the interval between the electronic component and the conductor pattern, or the smallest value between the adjacent electronic components. It may be 1.2 times or less.
- the crystal thickness Dt may be appropriately determined within a range of 1.2 times or less of the length corresponding to the minimum resolution based on the minimum resolution required according to the configuration of the imaging target and the imaging purpose.
- the functions of one component in the above embodiment may be distributed as a plurality of components, or the functions of a plurality of components may be integrated into one component.
- at least a part of the configuration of the above embodiment may be added to or replaced with the configuration of the other embodiment.
- all the aspects included in the technical idea specified only by the wording described in the claims are embodiments of the present disclosure.
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Abstract
Description
光電変換部は、偏光処理部から出力された、電磁界の強度と位相によって変調された検出光が受光されるように配置され、受光した検出光を電気信号に光電変換して出力する。
[第1実施形態]
(1)電磁界撮像装置の概要
図1に示す本実施形態の電磁界撮像装置1は、撮像対象10からの電磁界、即ち撮像対象10から発生する電界又は磁界を撮像して、その撮像結果を二次元画像として画像出力することが可能に構成されている。なお、画像出力可能な二次元画像は、本実施形態では、実時間静止画、実時間動画、録画静止画、及び録画動画のうち少なくとも1つである。電界及び磁界のうちどちらが撮像されるかについては、後述する偏光用光学部材として電気光学効果を有する部材(例えば電気光学結晶)及び磁気光学効果を有する部材(例えば磁気光学結晶)のどちらが用いられるかによって決まる。
撮像制御システム40は、画像を表示可能な表示デバイス(例えば液晶ディスプレイ)を備え、CMOSイメージセンサ41から出力された電気信号をもとに、電界が可視化された二次元画像を表示デバイスに出力する。具体的に、撮像制御システム40は、CMOSイメージセンサ41から入力された電気信号に含まれる特定周波数の正弦成分、余弦成分をもとに、撮像対象の電磁界の強度、位相を算出し、二次元画像データとして出力する。
回路基板上に敷設された配線パターン100からの電界を配線パターン100全体に渡って高精度に撮像するためには、配線パターン100が敷設された回路基板の板面と、電気光学結晶11の対向面とが、平行になるようにすることが望ましい。つまり、仰角が0度になるようにすることが望ましい。
ホルダ底板14の支持凹部14aには、図1、図3、図4に示すように、当該支持凹部14aを垂直方向に貫通するように3つのねじ穴14bが形成されている。具体的に、中空円板状の支持凹部14aにおいて、周方向に所定の角度間隔(例えば120度間隔)で3つのねじ穴14bが形成されている。
ここで、本実施形態の電磁界撮像装置1の解像度について、図5及び図6を用いて補足説明する。図5は、電気光学結晶11とCMOSイメージセンサ41との間に介在する光学系の構成を模式的に1つのレンズ50として簡略化した光学モデルである。
図8に、本実施形態の電磁界撮像装置1を用いて撮像対象10からの電界分布を撮像した結果の一例を示す。図8は、z軸方向電界成分のみを撮像可能に構成された電気光学結晶を用いて撮像した場合の撮像結果を示している。図8は、図7に示す配線パターン100に伝達信号を給電した場合の電界撮像結果の一例である。
図7に示すように、撮像対象10に形成された配線パターン100は、線幅DL=10μmの配線が2.0mmずつ折り返しながらDgiの間隔で敷設された構成となっている。隣接する線路間の間隔Dgiの最小値である最小空隙間隔Dgmは、10μmである。なお、図8の結果は、結晶厚さDtが10μmの電気光学結晶11を利用した場合の結果である。
結晶厚さDtと配線の空隙間隔との関係について、図10を用いて補足説明する。図10に示すように、結晶厚さDtの検証用の撮像対象として、並走する2つの配線100a、100bを有する撮像対象を用意する。そして、その撮像対象上に、結晶厚さDtの電気光学結晶150を配置する。なお、2つの配線100a,100bの線幅は1μmであり、これら各配線100a,100bの間の間隔(即ち空隙間隔)は1μmである。
以上説明した第1実施形態によれば、電気光学結晶11が撮像対象10に対して相対的に垂直方向に移動可能に構成されている。つまり、電気光学結晶11を撮像対象10に近接させていくことで撮像対象10に当接してそれにより撮像対象10からz軸方向の外力を受けた場合に、その外力の方向へ移動できるような構造となっている。そのため、電気光学結晶11と撮像対象10とを相対的に密着させる際に両者が当接しても、その当接により電気光学結晶11が破損するのを抑制できる。
電気光学結晶の他の構成例を、第2実施形態として説明する。前述の第1実施形態では、電気光学結晶として、同じ1つの結晶を薄板状に形成した電気光学結晶11を例示した。本第2実施形態では、電界に対する感度方向が異なる複数の結晶を有する構造の電気光学結晶を例示する。
なお、撮像を開始する前に、撮像作業者は、前述の通り、密着平行度調整を行って、電気光学結晶70を撮像対象10に対して平行且つ密着させた状態にする。
図11に示した構造の電気光学結晶70を用いても、第1実施形態と同等の作用効果を得ることができる。
以上、本開示を実施するための形態について説明したが、本開示は上述の実施形態に限定されることなく、種々変形して実施することができる。
Claims (8)
- 少なくとも配線(100)を含む撮像対象(10)から発生する、電界又は磁界である電磁界を撮像するように構成された電磁界撮像装置であって、
特定の変調周波数で変調された変調光を出力可能に構成された変調光出力部(43)と、
電気光学効果又は磁気光学効果を有する板状の部材であって、両板面のうち一方の板面である対向面が前記撮像対象に対向するよう、且つ、前記変調光出力部から出力された前記変調光が、両板面のうち他方の板面である入射面に対して垂直方向に入射されるように配置され、当該部材内に前記電磁界が存在している場合に当該部材に入射された前記変調光の偏光状態及び位相が前記電磁界の印加によって変化して、その変化後の変調光である検出光が出射されるように構成された偏光用光学部材(11,70)と、
前記偏光用光学部材を支持するために前記偏光用光学部材の前記入射面に取り付けられ、前記変調光及び検出光の双方が透過可能な第1の支持部材(12,13)と、
前記偏光用光学部材の前記対向面に取り付けられ、前記偏光用光学部材に入射されて前記対向面まで伝搬した前記変調光を前記入射面側へ反射させるための反射部材(21)と、
前記第1の支持部材を、前記偏光用光学部材の板厚の方向へ移動可能な状態で支持するように構成された第2の支持部材(14)と、
前記偏光用光学部材から前記第1の支持部材を介して出射された前記検出光を、前記電磁界の強度と位相に応じて変調された光に変換して出力するように構成された、偏光処理部(55~57)と、
前記偏光処理部から出力された、前記電磁界の強度によって変調された前記検出光が受光されるように配置され、受光した前記検出光を電気信号に光電変換して出力するように構成された光電変換部(41)と、
前記光電変換部から出力される前記電気信号と前記変調周波数とに基づいて、前記撮像対象から発生する前記電磁界の分布を示す二次元画像を生成して表示させるように構成された撮像処理部(40)と、
を備え、
前記偏光用光学部材は、板厚が、前記配線の最小空隙間隔の1.2倍以下である、電磁界撮像装置(1、80)。 - 請求項1に記載の電磁界撮像装置であって、
前記垂直方向をz軸方向、そのz軸方向に垂直な特定の方向をx軸方向、前記z軸方向に垂直且つ前記x軸方向に垂直な方向をy軸方向として、
前記偏光用光学部材(70)は、
前記電磁界の前記x軸方向の成分であるx軸成分に起因して前記偏光状態が変化する感度が最も大きい特性を有するx軸方向光学部(70x)と、
前記電磁界の前記y軸方向の成分であるy軸成分に起因して前記偏光状態が変化する感度が最も大きい特性を有するy軸方向光学部(70y)と、
前記電磁界の前記z軸方向の成分であるz軸成分に起因して前記偏光状態が変化する感度が最も大きい特性を有するz軸方向光学部(70z)と、
の3種類の光学部のうち少なくとも2種類をそれぞれ少なくとも1つ有し、それら各光学部がz軸方向に垂直な面上に配列されてなる、配列構造を有する、
電磁界撮像装置。 - 請求項2に記載の電磁界撮像装置であって、
前記偏光用光学部材は、前記3種類の光学部をそれぞれ少なくとも1つ有する、電磁界撮像装置。 - 請求項3に記載の電磁界撮像装置であって、
前記偏光用光学部材は、前記x軸方向光学部、前記y軸方向光学部及び前記z軸方向光学部がそれぞれ1つずつ一定方向に配列されてなる構造を単位構造として、この単位構造が前記一定方向に複数配列されて構成されており、前記3種類の光学部における前記一定方向の長さはいずれも同じ規定長である、電磁界撮像装置。 - 請求項2~請求項4の何れか1項に記載の電磁界撮像装置であって、
前記偏光用光学部材を前記撮像対象に対して相対的に移動させるように構成された移動部(7)を備える、電磁界撮像装置。 - 請求項4に記載の電磁界撮像装置であって、
前記偏光用光学部材を前記撮像対象に対して相対的に前記一定方向へ移動させるように構成された移動部(7)と、
前記移動部による前記移動を制御する移動制御部であって、前記偏光用光学部材の位置を、前記一定方向に前記規定長ずつ離れた3箇所に順次移動させることが可能に構成された移動制御部(7)と、
を備え、
前記撮像処理部は、前記偏光用光学部材が前記3箇所のそれぞれに配置されたときの前記電磁界を個別に撮像し、それら個別に撮像した結果に基づいて、前記x軸成分、前記y軸成分及び前記z軸成分が合成された前記電磁界の分布を示す二次元画像を生成して表示させるように構成されている、
電磁界撮像装置。 - 請求項1~請求項6の何れか1項に記載の電磁界撮像装置であって、
前記偏光用光学部材を、前記撮像対象に対して相対的に、前記垂直方向であるz軸方向、そのz軸方向に垂直な特定の方向であるx軸方向、前記z軸方向に垂直且つ前記x軸方向に垂直な方向であるy軸方向に移動させることができ、且つ、x軸周りの仰角及びy軸周りの仰角を変化させることが可能に構成された、可動機構(7)を備える、電磁界撮像装置。 - 請求項1~請求項7の何れか1項に記載の電磁界撮像装置であって、
前記偏光用光学部材から前記第1の支持部材を介して出射された前記検出光は、対物レンズ(16)を透過して前記偏光処理部へ入力されるように構成されている、電磁界撮像装置。
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