WO2017159693A1 - 露光装置及び露光方法、リソグラフィ方法、並びにデバイス製造方法 - Google Patents
露光装置及び露光方法、リソグラフィ方法、並びにデバイス製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017159693A1 WO2017159693A1 PCT/JP2017/010249 JP2017010249W WO2017159693A1 WO 2017159693 A1 WO2017159693 A1 WO 2017159693A1 JP 2017010249 W JP2017010249 W JP 2017010249W WO 2017159693 A1 WO2017159693 A1 WO 2017159693A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/30—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects
- H01J37/317—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for changing properties of the objects or for applying thin layers thereon, e.g. for ion implantation
- H01J37/3174—Particle-beam lithography, e.g. electron beam lithography
- H01J37/3177—Multi-beam, e.g. fly's eye, comb probe
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/30—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects
- H01J37/317—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for changing properties of the objects or for applying thin layers thereon, e.g. for ion implantation
- H01J37/3174—Particle-beam lithography, e.g. electron beam lithography
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/2002—Exposure; Apparatus therefor with visible light or UV light, through an original having an opaque pattern on a transparent support, e.g. film printing, projection printing; by reflection of visible or UV light from an original such as a printed image
- G03F7/2004—Exposure; Apparatus therefor with visible light or UV light, through an original having an opaque pattern on a transparent support, e.g. film printing, projection printing; by reflection of visible or UV light from an original such as a printed image characterised by the use of a particular light source, e.g. fluorescent lamps or deep UV light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70483—Information management; Active and passive control; Testing; Wafer monitoring, e.g. pattern monitoring
- G03F7/70491—Information management, e.g. software; Active and passive control, e.g. details of controlling exposure processes or exposure tool monitoring processes
- G03F7/705—Modelling or simulating from physical phenomena up to complete wafer processes or whole workflow in wafer productions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70483—Information management; Active and passive control; Testing; Wafer monitoring, e.g. pattern monitoring
- G03F7/70491—Information management, e.g. software; Active and passive control, e.g. details of controlling exposure processes or exposure tool monitoring processes
- G03F7/70533—Controlling abnormal operating mode, e.g. taking account of waiting time, decision to rework or rework flow
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70691—Handling of masks or workpieces
- G03F7/70716—Stages
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70691—Handling of masks or workpieces
- G03F7/70775—Position control, e.g. interferometers or encoders for determining the stage position
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/30—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects
- H01J37/302—Controlling tubes by external information, e.g. programme control
- H01J37/3023—Programme control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/30—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects
- H01J37/305—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for casting, melting, evaporating or etching
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/027—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/027—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34
- H01L21/0271—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers
- H01L21/0273—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers characterised by the treatment of photoresist layers
- H01L21/0274—Photolithographic processes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/04—Means for controlling the discharge
- H01J2237/043—Beam blanking
- H01J2237/0435—Multi-aperture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/30—Electron or ion beam tubes for processing objects
- H01J2237/304—Controlling tubes
- H01J2237/30455—Correction during exposure
- H01J2237/30461—Correction during exposure pre-calculated
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/30—Electron or ion beam tubes for processing objects
- H01J2237/317—Processing objects on a microscale
- H01J2237/3175—Lithography
- H01J2237/31752—Lithography using particular beams or near-field effects, e.g. STM-like techniques
- H01J2237/31754—Lithography using particular beams or near-field effects, e.g. STM-like techniques using electron beams
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/30—Electron or ion beam tubes for processing objects
- H01J2237/317—Processing objects on a microscale
- H01J2237/3175—Lithography
- H01J2237/31769—Proximity effect correction
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an exposure apparatus, an exposure method, a lithography method, and a device manufacturing method, and more particularly to an exposure apparatus and exposure method for exposing a target by irradiating a charged particle beam, and a line pattern cutting using the exposure apparatus or exposure method. And a device manufacturing method including a lithography process in which exposure of a target is performed by the lithography method.
- complementary lithography using, for example, an immersion exposure technique using an ArF light source and a charged particle beam exposure technique (for example, an electron beam exposure technique) has been proposed.
- a simple line and space pattern (hereinafter, abbreviated as an L / S pattern as appropriate) is formed by using double patterning or the like in immersion exposure using an ArF light source.
- a line pattern is cut or a via is formed through exposure using an electron beam.
- a charged particle beam exposure apparatus equipped with a multi-beam optical system can be suitably used (for example, see Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- a Coulomb force Coulomb interaction
- the on / off states of each of the plurality of beams are freely changeable and change from moment to moment according to the target pattern.
- the interaction between the beams in the on state is also variable and changes from moment to moment, and the positional relationship on the irradiation surface of the plurality of beams may change from the intended positional relationship.
- an exposure apparatus that irradiates a target by irradiating a charged particle beam, and the target is irradiated with the beam with respect to a stage that holds and moves the target and a plurality of beams.
- An irradiation apparatus having a multi-beam optical system capable of individually setting an irradiation state, and the relative movement between the stage and the multi-beam optical system are controlled, and the irradiation state of at least the first beam among the plurality of beams
- An exposure apparatus comprising: a control device that adjusts the irradiation positions of the plurality of beams with respect to the target based on information relating to the change in the irradiation position of the second beam generated based on the above.
- the target is exposed by an exposure apparatus to form a line and space pattern on the target, and the line and space pattern is configured using the exposure apparatus according to the first aspect.
- a line pattern cutting is provided.
- an exposure method for exposing a target by irradiating a charged particle beam wherein the target is held on a stage that moves in a predetermined plane;
- the relative movement between the stage and the multi-beam optical system is performed in order to control the irradiation of the beam from the irradiation apparatus having a multi-beam optical system that can individually set the irradiation state of the target.
- An exposure method is provided.
- the line and space pattern is formed using the exposure method according to the third aspect by exposing the target with an exposure apparatus to form a line and space pattern on the target.
- a line pattern cutting is provided.
- a device manufacturing method including a lithography process, wherein in the lithography process, a device manufacturing method is performed in which exposure to a target is performed by the lithography method according to the second aspect or the fourth aspect. Is done.
- FIG. 5A is a plan view showing the beam shaping aperture plate
- FIG. 5B is an enlarged view of the inside of a circle C in FIG. 5A.
- FIG. 5B shows the state by which the wafer shuttle was mounted
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing the coarse / fine movement stage of FIG. 6 with the wafer shuttle removed from the fine movement stage. It is a figure which expands and shows the fine movement stage mounted on the surface plate. It is a figure which shows the perspective view of the coarse / fine movement stage of the state which removed the fine movement stage and the magnetic-shielding member from the coarse / fine movement stage shown by FIG.
- FIGS. 10A and 10B are diagrams (No. 1 and No. 2) for explaining the configuration of the first measurement system. It is a block diagram which shows the input / output relationship of the main controller which comprises the control system of an electron beam exposure apparatus.
- 12A and 12B are diagrams for explaining the principle of distortion correction of a multi-beam optical system (optical system column).
- FIGS. 13A and 13B are diagrams for explaining the effect of correcting the distortion of the multi-beam optical system (optical system column). It is a flowchart for demonstrating one Embodiment of a device manufacturing method.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a configuration of an electron beam exposure apparatus 100 according to an embodiment. Since the electron beam exposure apparatus 100 includes an electron beam optical system as will be described later, hereinafter, the Z axis is taken in parallel to the optical axis of the electron beam optical system, and exposure will be described later in a plane perpendicular to the Z axis.
- the scanning direction in which the wafer W is moved is the Y-axis direction
- the direction orthogonal to the Z-axis and the Y-axis is the X-axis direction
- the rotation (tilt) directions around the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis are ⁇ x and ⁇ y, respectively.
- the ⁇ z direction will be described.
- a configuration using an electron beam will be described as an example of a charged particle beam.
- the charged particle beam is not limited to an electron beam, and a beam using charged particles such as an ion beam may be used.
- the electron beam exposure apparatus 100 includes a vacuum chamber 80 and an exposure system 82 housed in an exposure chamber 81 defined by the vacuum chamber 80.
- FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of the exposure system 82.
- the exposure system 82 includes a stage device 83 and an electron beam irradiation device 92 as shown in FIGS.
- the electron beam irradiation device 92 includes a cylindrical barrel 93 shown in FIG. 2 and an electron beam optical system inside the barrel 93.
- the stage device 83 includes a coarse / fine movement stage 85 on which a wafer shuttle 10 that can hold and move a wafer is detachably mounted.
- the electron beam irradiation device 92 is a wafer shuttle mounted on the coarse / fine movement stage 85. In this configuration, the wafer W held by 10 is exposed to an electron beam.
- the wafer shuttle 10 is a holding member (or table) that holds the wafer by electrostatic adsorption.
- the holding member is transported while holding the wafer, and a plurality of exposure chambers including the exposure chamber 81 (for exposure chambers other than the exposure chamber 81, starting from a measurement chamber (not shown) in which predetermined pre-measurement is performed.
- the shuttle shuttles back and forth like a shuttle bus (or space shuttle). Therefore, in this embodiment, this holding member is called a wafer shuttle.
- the stage device 83 includes a surface plate 84, a coarse / fine movement stage 85 that moves on the surface plate 84, a drive system that drives the coarse / fine movement stage 85, and positional information of the coarse / fine movement stage 85. And a position measurement system for measuring. Details of the configuration of the stage device 83 will be described later.
- the lens barrel 93 of the electron beam irradiation apparatus 92 is lowered by a metrology frame 94 made of an annular plate member having three convex portions formed at intervals of a central angle of 120 degrees on the outer peripheral portion. It is supported from. More specifically, the lowermost end portion of the lens barrel 93 is a small-diameter portion whose diameter is smaller than the portion above it, and the boundary portion between the small-diameter portion and the portion above it is a stepped portion. Yes.
- the lens barrel 93 is moved from below by the metrology frame 94. It is supported.
- the metrology frame 94 has three suspension support mechanisms 95a, 95b, and 95c (flexible structure connecting members) each having a lower end connected to each of the three convex portions described above. It is supported in a suspended state from the top plate (ceiling wall) of the vacuum chamber 80 that partitions the exposure chamber 81 (see FIG. 1). That is, in this way, the electron beam irradiation apparatus 92 is supported by being suspended from the vacuum chamber 80 at three points.
- the three suspension support mechanisms 95a, 95b, and 95c are, as representatively shown for the suspension support mechanism 95a in FIG. (Vibration proof part) It has the wire 97 which consists of steel materials which each one end was connected to the lower end of 96, and the other end was connected to the metrology frame 94.
- the anti-vibration pads 96 are fixed to the top plate of the vacuum chamber 80 and each include an air damper or a coil spring.
- vibration isolation pad 96 In the present embodiment, among vibrations such as floor vibration transmitted from the outside to the vacuum chamber 80, most of vibration components in the Z-axis direction parallel to the optical axis of the electron beam optical system are absorbed by the vibration isolation pad 96. Therefore, high vibration isolation performance can be obtained in a direction parallel to the optical axis of the electron beam optical system.
- the natural frequency of the suspension support mechanism is lower in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis than in the direction parallel to the optical axis of the electron beam optical system.
- the vibration isolation performance in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis (floor vibration transmitted from the outside to the vacuum chamber 80)
- the length of the three suspension support mechanisms 95a, 95b, and 95c (the length of the wire 97) is set to be sufficiently long so that the vibration (such as the ability to prevent vibrations from being transmitted to the electron beam irradiation device 92) is sufficiently high. is doing.
- a non-contact type positioning device 98 (not shown in FIGS. 1 and 2; see FIG. 11) is provided. Yes.
- the positioning device 98 can be configured to include a 6-axis acceleration sensor and a 6-axis actuator, as disclosed in, for example, International Publication No. 2007/077920.
- the positioning device 98 is controlled by the main controller 50 (see FIG. 11).
- the relative positions of the electron beam irradiation device 92 with respect to the vacuum chamber 80 in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction, and the relative rotation angles around the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis are constant (predetermined). The state is maintained.
- the electron beam irradiation device 92 includes an electron beam optical system including a lens barrel 93 and m (m is 100, for example) optical system columns 20 arranged in an array on the XY plane in the lens barrel 93. I have.
- Each optical system column 20 includes a multi-beam optical system that can irradiate n beams (n is, for example, 5000) that can be individually turned on and off and can be deflected.
- the multi-beam optical system is referred to as a multi-beam optical system 20, an optical system column (multi-beam optical system) 20, or a multi-beam optical system (optical system column) 20, using the same reference numerals as those of the optical system column. write.
- FIG. 4 shows the configuration of the optical system column (multi-beam optical system) 20.
- the optical system column (multi-beam optical system) 20 includes a cylindrical housing (column cell) 21, an electron gun 22 and an optical system 23 housed in the column cell 21.
- the optical system 23 includes a first aperture plate 24, a primary beam shaping plate 26, a beam shaping aperture plate 28, a blanker plate 30, and a final aperture 32 arranged in a predetermined positional relationship below the electron gun 22 from top to bottom. Is provided. Among these, the beam shaping aperture plate 28 and the blanker plate 30 are arranged close to each other.
- An asymmetric illumination optical system 34 is disposed between the first aperture plate 24 and the primary beam shaping plate 26.
- Electromagnetic lenses 36A and 36B are arranged between the primary beam shaping plate 26 and the beam shaping aperture plate 28 at a predetermined interval in the vertical direction.
- Electromagnetic lenses 38A and 38B are arranged between the blanker plate 30 and the final aperture 32 at a predetermined interval in the vertical direction. Further, below the final aperture 32, electromagnetic lenses 38C and 38D are arranged at a predetermined interval in the vertical direction. Inside the electromagnetic lens 38D, a stage feedback deflector 40 is disposed at a somewhat higher position and substantially concentric with the electromagnetic lens 38D.
- the electron gun 22 emits an electron beam EB 0 having a predetermined acceleration voltage (for example, 50 keV).
- the electron beam EB 0 is, by passing through the opening 24a of the first aperture plate 24 is formed into symmetrical circular cross section around the optical axis AX1.
- the asymmetric illumination optical system 34 is an electron beam obtained by transforming an electron beam EB 0 formed into a circular cross section into a vertically long cross-sectional shape that is long in one direction (for example, the X-axis direction) and short in the other direction (for example, the Y-axis direction).
- EB 1 is generated.
- the asymmetric illumination optical system 34 can be configured by, for example, an electrostatic quadrupole lens group that generates an electrostatic quadrupole field near the optical axis AX1. Section by appropriately adjusting the electrostatic quadrupole field generated by an asymmetric illumination optical system 34 can be molded to the electron beam EB 1 portrait.
- the electron beam EB 1 is applied to a region including a slit-shaped opening 26 a elongated in the X-axis direction formed at the center of the disk-shaped primary beam shaping plate 26 in the Y-axis direction.
- the electron beam EB 1 passes through the opening 26a of the primary beam shaping plate 26, is shaped into an elongated electron beam EB 2 , and is imaged on the beam shaping aperture plate 28 by the electromagnetic lens 36A and the electromagnetic lens 36B. Irradiation is performed on an irradiation region extending in the X-axis direction corresponding to an arrangement region of an opening (described later) of the beam shaping aperture plate 28.
- the beam shaping aperture plate 28 is provided with a plurality of openings at positions corresponding to the openings 26 a of the primary beam shaping plate 26. More specifically, the beam shaping aperture plate 28 is formed with a row of a plurality of openings 28a arranged in the X-axis direction, as shown in the plan view of FIG.
- the openings 28a have a predetermined pitch 2p (several ⁇ m (for example, in the range of 1 ⁇ m to 4 ⁇ m, preferably 2 ⁇ m or 3 ⁇ m)) as shown in FIG. 5B in which the inside of the circle C in FIG. 5A is enlarged, A predetermined number, for example, 5000 is arranged.
- the opening 28a is a circular opening having a diameter p.
- a blanker plate 30 is disposed below the beam shaping aperture plate 28.
- openings 30a are formed in portions corresponding to the plurality of openings 28a of the beam shaping aperture plate 28, respectively.
- Each opening 30a is formed larger than the opening 28a, and an electron beam that has passed through the opening 28a can pass therethrough.
- each blanking electrode is connected to a drive circuit via a wiring and a terminal.
- the blanking electrode and the wiring are integrally formed by patterning a conductive film having a thickness of about several ⁇ m to several tens of ⁇ m on the main body of the blanker plate 30.
- the blanking electrode is preferably formed on the surface of the blanker plate 30 (main body) on the downstream side of the electron beam in order to prevent damage due to irradiation of the electron beam.
- an electron beam EB 3 passing through the aperture 30a is bent greatly.
- the electron beam EB off bent by the blanking electrode is guided to the outside of the circular opening 32a of the final aperture 32 arranged below the blanker plate 30, and the final aperture. 32.
- the opening 32 a is formed near the optical axis of the final aperture 32.
- the electron beam EB 3 passes through the opening 32 a of the final aperture 32. That is, on / off of each electron beam EB 3 can be controlled depending on whether or not a voltage is applied to each blanking electrode.
- Two electromagnetic lenses that is, a first electromagnetic lens 38A, a second electromagnetic lens 38B, a third electromagnetic lens 38C, and a fourth electromagnetic lens 38D are arranged above and below the final aperture 32, respectively.
- the stage feedback deflector 40 disposed below the final aperture 32 is an electrostatic deflector having a pair of electrode plates disposed so as to sandwich the optical axis AX1 from the same direction (X-axis direction) as the row of openings 28a. It is configured.
- This stage feedback deflector 40 can be finely adjusting the irradiation position of the electron beam EB 3 in the X-axis direction.
- the stage feedback deflector 40 is configured by an electrostatic deflector, but is not limited to this configuration.
- the stage feedback deflector 40 may be composed of an electromagnetic type deflector that arranges at least a pair of coils so as to sandwich the optical axis and deflects a beam by a magnetic field generated by passing a current through these coils.
- the components of the electron gun 22 and the optical system 23 described so far are controlled by the controller 64 based on instructions from the main controller 50 (see FIG. 11).
- a pair of backscattered electron detectors 42 x1 and 42 x2 are provided below the fourth electromagnetic lens 38D on both sides in the X-axis direction. Although not shown in FIG. 4, actually, a pair of backscattered electron detectors 42 y1 and 42 y2 are provided on both sides in the Y-axis direction below the fourth electromagnetic lens 38D. (See FIG. 11).
- Each of these backscattered electron detection devices is constituted by, for example, a semiconductor detector, and detects a backscattered electron detected by a reflected component generated from a detection target mark such as an alignment mark or a reference mark on the wafer, here a backscattered electron. Is sent to the signal processing device 62 (see FIG. 11).
- the signal processing device 62 performs signal processing after amplifying the detection signals of the plurality of backscattered electron detection devices 42 by an amplifier (not shown), and sends the processing result to the main control device 50 (see FIG. 11).
- multi-beam optical system 20 When all 5000 multi-beams of the optical system column (multi-beam optical system) 20 are turned on (a state in which an electron beam is irradiated on the wafer), for example, beam shaping into a rectangular area (exposure area) of 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 20 nm.
- a circular spot of an electron beam smaller than the resolution limit of the ultraviolet light exposure apparatus is simultaneously formed at 5000 points set in a positional relationship corresponding to the arrangement of 5000 openings 28a of the aperture plate 28.
- ⁇ is the magnification of the optical system column 20.
- one optical system unit 70 is configured by the electron gun 22, the optical system 23, the backscattered electron detection device 42, the control unit 64, and the signal processing device 62 in the column cell 21.
- the same number (100) of optical system units 70 as the multi-beam optical system (optical system column) 20 are provided (see FIG. 11).
- the 100 multi-beam optical systems 20 correspond to, for example, approximately 100 shot areas formed on a 300 mm wafer (or formed from a shot map according to a shot map), for example, approximately 1: 1.
- Y-axis direction a predetermined scanning direction
- the movement stroke of the wafer at the time of exposure is several tens of mm, for example, 50 mm even with some margin.
- FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of a state in which a wafer shuttle (hereinafter abbreviated as shuttle) 10 is mounted on the coarse / fine movement stage 85 of the stage device 83.
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the coarse / fine movement stage 85 shown in FIG. 6 in a state in which the shuttle 10 is detached (removed).
- the surface plate 84 provided in the stage device 83 is actually installed on the bottom wall of the vacuum chamber 80 that partitions the exposure chamber 81.
- the coarse / fine movement stage 85 includes a coarse movement stage 85a and a fine movement stage 85b.
- the coarse movement stage 85a is disposed at a predetermined interval in the Y-axis direction, includes a pair of quadrangular columnar portions extending in the X-axis direction, and is movable on the surface plate 84 in the X-axis direction with a predetermined stroke, for example, 50 mm. is there.
- the fine movement stage 85b can move with respect to the coarse movement stage 85a in the Y-axis direction with a predetermined stroke, for example, 50 mm, and the remaining five degrees of freedom, that is, the X-axis direction, the Z-axis direction, and the rotation directions around the X-axis ( It is movable in a shorter stroke than the Y-axis direction in the ⁇ x direction), the rotation direction around the Y axis ( ⁇ y direction), and the rotation direction around the Z axis ( ⁇ z direction).
- the pair of square columnar portions of the coarse movement stage 85a are actually connected by a connection member (not shown) in a state that does not prevent the movement of the fine movement stage 85b in the Y-axis direction. It is integrated.
- the coarse movement stage 85a is driven with a predetermined stroke (for example, 50 mm) in the X axis direction by a coarse movement stage drive system 86 (see FIG. 11) (see a long arrow in the X axis direction in FIG. 9).
- the coarse movement stage drive system 86 is constituted by a uniaxial drive mechanism that does not cause magnetic flux leakage in this embodiment, for example, a feed screw mechanism using a ball screw.
- the coarse movement stage drive system 86 is arranged between one square columnar portion of the pair of square columnar portions of the coarse movement stage and the surface plate 84.
- a screw shaft is attached to the surface plate 84, and a ball (nut) is attached to one square columnar portion.
- bowl to the surface plate 84 and attaches a screw shaft to one square pillar-shaped part may be sufficient.
- the other quadrangular columnar portion is configured to move along a guide surface (not shown) provided on the surface plate 84.
- the screw shaft of the ball screw is driven to rotate by a stepping motor.
- the magnetic field fluctuation caused by the magnetic flux leakage does not affect the positioning of the electron beam.
- the coarse movement stage drive system 86 is controlled by the main controller 50 (see FIG. 11).
- fine movement stage 85 b is made of a member having an XZ cross-sectional rectangular frame shape penetrating in the Y-axis direction, and is placed on XY plane on surface plate 84 by weight canceling device 87. It is supported movably. A plurality of reinforcing ribs are provided on the outer surface of the side wall of fine movement stage 85b.
- a yoke 88a having a rectangular frame shape in the XZ section and extending in the Y-axis direction, and a pair of magnet units 88b fixed to the upper and lower opposing surfaces of yoke 88a.
- 88a and a pair of magnet units 88b constitute a mover 88 of a motor that drives fine movement stage 85b.
- FIG. 9 shows a perspective view of the coarse / fine movement stage in a state in which a magnetic shield member (to be described later) indicated by fine movement stage 85b and reference numeral 91 is removed from FIG.
- a stator 89 made of a coil unit is installed between a pair of square column portions of the coarse movement stage 85 a.
- the movable element 88 can be moved with respect to the stator 89 by a predetermined stroke, for example, 50 mm in the Y-axis direction, as indicated by arrows in each direction in FIG.
- a closed magnetic field type and moving magnet type motor 90 that can be finely driven in the X axis direction, the Z axis direction, the ⁇ x direction, the ⁇ y direction, and the ⁇ z direction is configured.
- a fine movement stage drive system is configured in which the fine movement stage is driven by the motor 90 in the direction of six degrees of freedom.
- the fine movement stage drive system is referred to as a fine movement stage drive system 90 using the same reference numerals as those of the motor.
- Fine movement stage drive system 90 is controlled by main controller 50 (see FIG. 11).
- the XZ cross-section reverse U is further applied while covering the upper surface of the motor 90 and both side surfaces in the X-axis direction.
- a letter-shaped magnetic shield member 91 is installed. That is, the magnetic shield member 91 is formed so as to extend in a direction (Y-axis direction) intersecting with the direction in which the quadrangular prism portion extends, and on the upper surface of the motor 90 in a non-contact manner and on the side surface of the motor 90. And a side portion that faces each other in a non-contact manner.
- the magnetic shield member 91 is inserted into the hollow portion of the fine movement stage 85b, and the lower surface of both end portions in the longitudinal direction (Y-axis direction) is the upper surface of the pair of quadrangular column portions of the coarse movement stage 85a. It is fixed to. Further, of the side surfaces of the magnetic shield member 91, the surfaces other than the lower surfaces of the both end portions are opposed to the bottom wall surface (lower surface) of the inner wall surface of the fine movement stage 85b without contact. That is, the magnetic shield member 91 is inserted into the hollow portion of the fine movement stage 85b in a state where the movement of the mover 88 relative to the stator 89 is not hindered.
- the magnetic shield member 91 a laminated magnetic shield member composed of a plurality of layers of magnetic material films laminated with a predetermined gap (space) is used.
- a magnetic shield member having a configuration in which films of two kinds of materials having different magnetic permeability are alternately laminated may be used. Since the magnetic shield member 91 covers the upper surface and the side surface of the motor 90 over the entire length of the moving stroke of the mover 88 and is fixed to the coarse movement stage 85a, the fine movement stage 85b and the coarse movement stage 85a. Leakage of magnetic flux upward (on the electron beam optical system side) can be prevented almost certainly over the entire moving range.
- the weight canceling device 87 includes a metal bellows type air spring (hereinafter abbreviated as an air spring) 87a whose upper end is connected to the lower surface of the fine movement stage 85b, and a lower end of the air spring 87a. And a base slider 87b made of a connected flat plate member.
- the base slider 87b is provided with a bearing portion (not shown) that blows air inside the air spring 87a to the upper surface of the surface plate 84, and the bearing surface of the pressurized air ejected from the bearing portion and the upper surface of the surface plate 84 are provided.
- the self-weight of the weight canceling device 87, fine movement stage 85b and mover 88 (including the shuttle 10 when the shuttle 10 is mounted on the coarse / fine movement stage 85) is supported by the static pressure (pressure in the gap).
- the static pressure pressure in the gap
- compressed air is supplied to the air spring 87a via a pipe (not shown) connected to the fine movement stage 85b.
- the base slider 87b is supported in a non-contact manner on the surface plate 84 via a kind of differential exhaust type aerostatic bearing, and air blown from the bearing portion toward the surface plate 84 is surrounded by (exposure chamber). To prevent leakage.
- three triangular pyramid groove members 12 are provided on the upper surface of fine movement stage 85b.
- the triangular pyramidal groove member 12 is provided at the positions of three apexes of a regular triangle in plan view.
- the triangular pyramid groove member 12 can be engaged with a sphere or hemisphere provided in the shuttle 10 described later, and constitutes a kinematic coupling together with the sphere or hemisphere.
- FIG. 7 shows a triangular pyramid groove member 12 such as a petal composed of three plate members.
- the triangular pyramid groove member 12 is a triangular pyramid that makes point contact with a sphere or a hemisphere, respectively. Since it has the same role as the groove, it is called a triangular pyramid groove member. Therefore, a single member in which a triangular pyramid groove is formed may be used instead of the triangular pyramid groove member 12.
- three spheres or hemispheres (balls in the present embodiment) 14 are provided on the shuttle 10 as shown in FIG.
- the shuttle 10 is formed in a hexagonal shape in which each vertex of an equilateral triangle is cut off in plan view. More specifically, the shuttle 10 has notches 10a, 10b, and 10c formed at the center of each of the three oblique sides in plan view, and covers the notches 10a, 10b, and 10c from the outside.
- the leaf springs 16 are respectively attached. Balls 14 are fixed to the center of each leaf spring 16 in the longitudinal direction.
- each ball 14 In a state before being engaged with the triangular pyramid groove member 12, each ball 14, when receiving an external force, has a radial direction centered on the center of the shuttle 10 (substantially coincident with the center of the wafer W shown in FIG. 6). Only move to a minute.
- the shuttle 10 After moving the shuttle 10 to a position where the three balls 14 substantially oppose the three triangular pyramidal groove members 12 above the fine movement stage 85b, respectively, the shuttle 10 is moved down so that each of the three balls 14 becomes The three triangular pyramid groove members 12 are individually engaged, and the shuttle 10 is mounted on the fine movement stage 85b. Even when the position of the shuttle 10 with respect to the fine movement stage 85b is deviated from the desired position at the time of mounting, when the ball 14 engages with the triangular pyramid groove member 12, the external force is received from the triangular pyramid groove member 12, and the aforementioned Move in the radial direction. As a result, the three balls 14 always engage with the corresponding triangular pyramidal groove members 12 in the same state.
- the shuttle 10 can be easily detached (detached) from the fine movement stage 85b simply by moving the shuttle 10 upward and releasing the engagement between the ball 14 and the triangular pyramid groove member 12. That is, in this embodiment, a kinematic coupling is constituted by the set of three balls 14 and the triangular pyramid groove member 12, and the kinematic coupling always keeps the mounting state of the shuttle 10 to the fine movement stage 85b substantially the same. It can be set to the state. Therefore, no matter how many times it is removed, the shuttle 10 and the fine movement of the shuttle 10 can be moved by simply mounting the shuttle 10 on the fine movement stage 85b via the kinematic coupling (the set of three pairs of balls 14 and the triangular pyramid groove member 12). A certain positional relationship with the stage 85b can be reproduced.
- a circular recess having a diameter slightly larger than that of the wafer W is formed at the center, and an electrostatic chuck (not shown) is provided in the recess.
- the wafer W is electrostatically attracted and held by the chuck. In the holding state of the wafer W, the surface of the wafer W is substantially flush with the upper surface of the shuttle 10.
- This position measurement system includes the first measurement system 52 that measures the position information of the shuttle 10 and the position information of the fine movement stage 85b in a state where the shuttle 10 is mounted on the fine movement stage 85b via the kinematic coupling described above. And a second measurement system 54 that directly measures (see FIG. 11).
- grating plates 72a, 72b, and 72c are provided in the vicinity of the three sides of the shuttle 10 excluding the aforementioned three oblique sides.
- Each of the grating plates 72a, 72b, and 72c has a two-dimensional shape in which a radial direction centered on the center of the shuttle 10 (in the present embodiment, coincides with the center of a circular concave portion) and a direction orthogonal thereto are each a periodic direction.
- Each lattice is formed.
- the grating plate 72a is formed with a two-dimensional lattice having a periodic direction in the Y-axis direction and the X-axis direction.
- the grating plate 72b is formed with a two-dimensional grating having a direction that is ⁇ 120 degrees with respect to the Y axis with respect to the center of the shuttle 10 (hereinafter referred to as ⁇ direction) and a direction perpendicular thereto as a periodic direction.
- the grating plate 72c is formed with a two-dimensional grating having a direction that forms +120 degrees with respect to the Y axis with respect to the center of the shuttle 10 (hereinafter referred to as ⁇ direction) and a direction perpendicular thereto as a periodic direction.
- a reflection type diffraction grating having a pitch of, for example, 1 ⁇ m is used in each periodic direction.
- each of the three head portions 74a, 74b, and 74c is provided with a four-axis encoder head having measurement axes indicated by four arrows in FIG. 10B.
- the head portion 74a includes a first head housed in the same housing and having a measurement direction in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction, and a measurement direction in the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction. And a second head.
- the first head (more precisely, the irradiation point on the grating plate 72a of the measurement beam emitted by the first head) and the second head (more precisely, the irradiation of the measurement beam emitted by the second head on the grating plate 72a).
- the first head (more precisely, the irradiation point on the grating plate 72a of the measurement beam emitted by the first head) and the second head (more precisely, the irradiation of the measurement beam emitted by the second head on the grating plate 72a).
- the first head and the second head of the head portion 74a are each a biaxial linear encoder that measures position information of the shuttle 10 in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction, and the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction using the grating plate 72a.
- a two-axis linear encoder that measures the position information is configured.
- the remaining head portions 74b and 74c are configured in the same manner as the head portion 74a including the first head and the second head, although the directions with respect to the respective metrology frames 94 are different (measurement directions in the XY plane are different). ing.
- the first head and the second head of the head part 74b each use a grating plate 72b to measure the position information in the direction orthogonal to the ⁇ direction of the shuttle 10 in the XY plane and the position information in the Z-axis direction, and A two-axis linear encoder that measures position information in the ⁇ direction and the Z-axis direction is configured.
- the first head and the second head of the head portion 74c each use a grating plate 72c, and a biaxial linear encoder that measures position information in a direction orthogonal to the ⁇ direction of the shuttle 10 in the XY plane and in the Z axis direction, and A two-axis linear encoder that measures position information in the ⁇ direction and the Z-axis direction is configured.
- the encoder head of the structure similar to the displacement measurement sensor head disclosed by the US Patent 7,561,280, for example is used. Can be used.
- An encoder system is configured by the three head portions 74a, 74b, and 74c that measure the position information of the shuttle 10 using the above-described three sets, that is, a total of six biaxial encoders, that is, three grating plates 72a, 72b, and 72c, respectively.
- the encoder system constitutes a first measurement system 52 (see FIG. 11). Position information measured by the first measurement system 52 is supplied to the main controller 50.
- the three head portions 74a, 74b, and 74c each have four measurement degrees of freedom (measurement axes)
- a total of 12 degrees of freedom can be measured. That is, in the three-dimensional space, since the maximum degree of freedom is 6, redundant measurement is actually performed for each of the 6 degrees of freedom directions, and two pieces of position information are obtained.
- the main controller 50 uses the average value of the two pieces of position information for each degree of freedom as the measurement result in each direction. Therefore, it becomes possible to obtain
- the second measurement system 54 can measure position information in the direction of 6 degrees of freedom of the fine movement stage 85b regardless of whether or not the shuttle 10 is mounted on the fine movement stage 85b.
- the second measurement system 54 irradiates a reflection surface provided on the outer surface of the side wall of the fine movement stage 85b, receives the reflected light, and measures position information of the fine movement stage 85b in the 6-degree-of-freedom direction.
- Each interferometer of the interferometer system may be suspended and supported on the metrology frame 94 via a support member (not shown), or may be fixed to the surface plate 84.
- the second measurement system 54 Since the second measurement system 54 is provided in the exposure chamber 81 (in the vacuum space), there is no possibility of a decrease in measurement accuracy due to air fluctuation.
- the second measurement system 54 mainly sets the position and orientation of the fine movement stage 85b to a desired position when the shuttle 10 is not mounted on the fine movement stage 85b, that is, when the wafer is not exposed. Since it is used to maintain the state, the measurement accuracy may be lower than that of the first measurement system 52.
- the position information measured by the second measurement system 54 is supplied to the main controller 50 (see FIG. 11).
- you may comprise a 2nd measurement system not only by an interferometer system but by an encoder system or the combination of an encoder system and an interferometer system. In the latter case, position information in the direction of three degrees of freedom in the XY plane of 85b of the fine movement stage may be measured by the encoder system, and position information in the remaining three degrees of freedom direction may be measured by the interferometer system.
- the measurement information by the first measurement system 52 and the second measurement system 54 is sent to the main control device 50, and the main control device 50 is based on the measurement information by the first measurement system 52 and / or the second measurement system 54.
- the coarse / fine movement stage 85 is controlled.
- the main controller 50 also uses measurement information from the first measurement system 52 to control the stage feedback deflector 40 of each of the multiple multi-beam optical systems 20 included in the electron beam irradiation device 92 of the exposure system 82.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing the input / output relationship of the main controller 50 that mainly constitutes the control system of the electron beam exposure apparatus 100.
- the main controller 50 includes a microcomputer and the like, and comprehensively controls each component of the electron beam exposure apparatus 100 including each component shown in FIG.
- each multi-beam optical system (optical system column) 20 constituting the electron beam optical system performed by the electron beam exposure apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 13 (B).
- a plurality of (for example, 5000) openings 28a are formed on a straight line parallel to the X axis (see FIG. 5A).
- the images of the plurality of apertures 28a are formed on a straight line parallel to the X axis on the image plane, that is, the irradiation positions of the beams respectively passing through the plurality of apertures 28a are irradiated.
- the beams that pass through a plurality of (e.g., 5000) apertures 28a of the beam shaping aperture plate 28 and are irradiated onto the image plane are caused by Coulomb force (Coulomb interaction) acting between the other beams.
- the irradiation position (image formation position of each opening 28a) on the irradiation surface is shifted.
- the displacement of the image formation position differs depending on the on / off state of the beam that passes through each of the plurality of openings 28a.
- the phenomenon in which the image formation position is shifted is similar to the phenomenon in which the pattern image through the lens is distorted due to distortion of the lens. Is referred to as distortion of each multi-beam optical system (optical system column) 20 or distortion of an aperture image.
- the opening member 29 corresponds to an integrated body of the beam shaping aperture plate 28 and the blanker plate 30 described above.
- the apertures 28a (and apertures 30a) through which the irradiated beam passes are shown, and the apertures 29a i shown in black pass through the apertures in which the passing beam is turned off (a voltage is applied to the corresponding blanking electrode).
- the aperture 28a (and aperture 30a)) where the beam is blocked by the final aperture 32 is shown.
- each distortion table 200 is shown on the right side of the white arrow.
- a black circle indicates a beam irradiation position (that is, an image formation position of the opening 28a).
- the right distortion table 200 0 shown in FIG. 12 (A) As shown in the figure, the multi-beam optical system (optical system column) 20 is manufactured according to the design value so that distortion does not occur in the plurality of aperture images (no irradiation position shift occurs in the plurality of beams). To do.
- Each beam passing through the respective opening 29a 1 ⁇ 29a 10 Coulomb force acting between the other beam has undergone (Coulomb interaction), as a result, indicated by the distortion table 200 0, all Are irradiated at equal intervals on a straight line.
- the irradiation position shift occurs in a plurality of beams when the beams passing through the openings 29a 1 to 29a 10 of all the beam shaping aperture plates are in the ON state.
- the plurality of openings 28a of the beam shaping aperture plate 28 are arranged so that the positional relationship between the irradiation positions of the plurality of beams becomes a desired relationship (for example, arranged at equal intervals on a straight line parallel to the X axis). It is assumed that the positional relationship is adjusted at the manufacturing stage.
- the figure includes information on the irradiation state of a plurality of beams respectively passing through the plurality of openings 29a i , here, information on the change in the irradiation position of the plurality of beams that occurs when the on / off state changes for each opening 29a i .
- a plurality of aperture image distortion tables (hereinafter abbreviated as distortion tables) 200 1 to 200 10 as shown in FIG. 12B can be used as the aperture image distortion correction table as it is.
- the resulting distortion of the aperture image is obtained by simulation or experiment (eg actual exposure).
- the distortion table 200 1, as shown on the right side is obtained.
- the beam is turned off, when it protean freely changing every moment in accordance with the target pattern, which is turned off only beam passing through the i-th opening 29a i from the left of the Distortion of aperture images obtained by superimposing information included in each of the distortion tables 200 1 to 200 10 (information relating to changes in irradiation positions of a plurality of beams that occur when the on / off state changes for each aperture).
- information included in each of the distortion tables 200 1 to 200 10 information relating to changes in irradiation positions of a plurality of beams that occur when the on / off state changes for each aperture.
- the four distortion tables 200 1 , 200 2 , 200 7 shown in FIG. from superposition of the information contained in the 200 10 respectively, information of distortion of the opening image of the case, that is, correction information distortion is determined.
- first beam in the ON state to pass through a particular aperture 29a i is with respect to the first condition the X-axis direction under (a first beam condition differ only second beam is off is) ⁇ x 1 and ⁇ y 1 position shift with respect to the Y-axis direction, and ⁇ x 2 with respect to the X-axis direction under the second condition (a condition in which only the first beam and the third beam different from the second beam are turned off).
- ⁇ y 2 is displaced with respect to the Y-axis direction
- the first beam is displaced ( ⁇ x, ⁇ y) on the XY rectangular coordinate system under the first condition, and ( ⁇ x, ⁇ y) is displaced on the XY rectangular coordinate system under the second condition.
- n (5000) apertures 28a of the beam shaping aperture plate 28 are first to nth.
- the distortion tables 200 1 to 200 n under the condition that only the beam passing through one of the openings is in the OFF state are obtained in advance by simulation or experiment for the corresponding different conditions of n. Store in an internal storage device.
- a number of beams (electron beams) emitted from each multi-beam optical system 20 are cut patterns corresponding to line-and-space patterns formed on the wafer W and having the X-axis direction as a periodic direction.
- the distortion table corresponding to the beam in the off state among the n ( 5000) distortion tables 200 1 to 200 n while scanning the wafer W (fine movement stage 85b) in the Y-axis direction.
- the irradiation timing (on / off) of each beam is controlled based on the distortion of the aperture image (distortion of the multi-beam optical system 20) obtained from the superposition of the information included in the image, that is, the correction information of the distortion.
- the irradiation position of each beam on the L / S pattern (its line pattern) is positioned in the Y-axis direction. Even if they are deviated, by performing the above-mentioned irradiation timing (on / off) control of each beam, as shown conceptually in FIG. Instead, a cut pattern can be formed (irradiated with a beam) at a desired position on the line pattern. Further, the positional deviation in the X-axis direction from the irradiation position on the beam design is reduced by controlling the stage feedback deflector 40 (adjusting by changing the voltage applied to the electrode).
- the stage feedback deflector 40 is controlled so that the positional deviation in the X-axis direction is averaged for the plurality of beams in the on state.
- the X-axis direction (the periodic direction of the line-and-space pattern that is the target of line pattern cutting in complementary lithography) is less demanding than the Y-axis direction (scanning direction). There is no need to make corrections.
- the flow of processing for the wafer is as follows.
- the electron beam resist is coated wafer (for convenience, referred to as wafer W 1) is, within the measurement chamber (not shown), the shuttle (for convenience, referred to as the shuttle 10 1) to be placed, It is adsorbed by the shuttle 10 1 of the electrostatic chuck. Then, with respect to the wafer W 1, schematic (rough) position measurement with respect to the shuttle 10 1, the pre-measurement, such as flatness measurement, performed by the measurement chamber of the measurement system (not shown).
- the shuttle 10 1 holding the wafer W 1 is, for example, by a conveying system (not shown), is transported into the exposure chamber 81 through the load lock chamber provided in the chamber 80, the transport system in the exposure chamber 81 ( It is conveyed to a predetermined first standby position (for example, one of a plurality of storage shelves of a shuttle stocker (not shown)).
- a shuttle exchange operation that is, a wafer exchange operation integrated with the shuttle is performed as follows.
- Wafer exposed during loading of the shuttle 10 1 has been performed (for convenience, the wafer W is 0 hereinafter) when the exposure is completed, the transfer system, the shuttle to hold the exposed wafer W 0 (for convenience, the shuttle 10 0 Is removed from fine movement stage 85b and conveyed to a predetermined second standby position.
- the second standby position is assumed to be another one of the plurality of storage shelves of the shuttle stocker described above.
- the feedback control of the posture initiated by the main controller 50, then based on the first measurement information of the measurement system 52 (see FIG. 11), until the position control of the shuttle 10 1 integral with the fine movement stage 85b is started, the fine movement stage 85b
- the position and orientation in the 6-degree-of-freedom direction are maintained in a predetermined reference state.
- the fine movement stage 85b of position by finely adjusting at least each of which is formed the scribe line (street line) corresponding to each of the 100 shot areas formed on the wafer W 1 on the shuttle 10 1 mounted on the fine movement stage 85b
- One alignment mark can be reliably irradiated with an electron beam from the electron beam optical system. Therefore, reflected electrons from at least one alignment mark are detected by at least one of the reflected electron detectors 42 x1 , 42 x2 , 42 y1 , and 42 y2 , and all-point alignment measurement of the wafer W 1 is performed. based on the results of the point alignment measurement, the plurality of shot areas on the wafer W 1, exposure to an electron beam irradiation device 92 is started.
- the shuttle 10 holding the pre-measurement was the next to be exposed ends wafer is carried into the exposure chamber, waiting in the first waiting position described above To do.
- the exposure of the wafer W 1 is completed, it is performed exchanging operation of the wafer integral with the above-mentioned shuttle, following the same procedure as described above is repeated.
- the shuttle 10 that holds the wafer W the coarse / fine movement stage 85 on which the shuttle 10 is mounted, the fine movement stage drive system 90, and the coarse movement stage drive system 86,
- a stage that holds and moves the target wafer W is configured.
- the main control apparatus 50 performs a shuttle for holding the wafer with respect to the electron beam irradiation apparatus 92 (electron beam optical system). Scanning (moving) in the Y-axis direction of fine movement stage 85 b to which 10 is mounted is controlled via fine movement stage drive system 90 and coarse movement stage drive system 86.
- the main controller 50 for each of m (for example, 100) optical system columns (multi-beam optical system) 20, n (for example, 5000) openings 28 a of the beam shaping aperture plate 28.
- Each of the apertures 28a (or the plurality of beams) including information on changes in the irradiation positions of the plurality of beams that are generated when the irradiation states (on state and off state) of the n beams respectively passing through the apertures 28a are changed for the respective apertures 28a.
- the irradiation positions of a plurality of beams are adjusted based on the same number of distortion tables (correction tables) 200 1 to 200 n .
- the irradiation position of the plurality of beams in the Y-axis direction is adjusted by individually controlling the irradiation timing of the plurality of beams irradiated to the wafer from each of the 100 multi-beam optical systems 20.
- distortion correction information in the form of table data that is, the above-described distortion table is prepared by the number (n) of the apertures 28a of the beam shaping aperture plate 28, and the beam is turned on / off during actual exposure. Accordingly, a case has been described in which correction information for distortion (distortion of the aperture image) of the multi-beam optical system 20 is calculated by superimposing information included in the distortion table corresponding to the beam in the off state.
- the distortion table is not limited to the one that turns off only one beam, but may be prepared by combining a plurality of distortion tables that simultaneously turn off a plurality of beams and have different combinations of beams to be turned off.
- a combination of distortion tables is selected from a plurality of distortion tables prepared during actual exposure according to the on / off state of the beam to be set, and the information contained in the selected distortion table is selected.
- Correction information for distortion (distortion of an aperture image) of the multi-beam optical system 20 may be calculated by superposition.
- the influence of individual beams may be calculated by solving simultaneous equations corresponding to the selected combination of a plurality of distortion tables. Even in this way, at the time of actual exposure, it is possible to calculate correction information of distortion (distortion of the aperture image) of the multi-beam optical system according to on / off of the beam.
- the distortion correction information may be expressed by a function.
- a unit current beam passing through the jth aperture causes a deviation in the Y-axis direction that is brought to the irradiation position of the beam passing through the ith aperture by ⁇ Y (i, j), and the beam passing through the jth aperture
- the current amount is I (j)
- the current passes through the i-th aperture.
- the total irradiation position deviation of the beam in the Y-axis direction can be expressed.
- the total irradiation position deviation in the X-axis direction of the beam passing through the i-th aperture may be obtained in the same manner as described above.
- scanning exposure is performed to obtain a total irradiation position deviation in the Y-axis direction (and X-axis direction) for each of the beams that are turned on and to correct the irradiation position deviation as described above.
- the irradiation timing of each beam at the time may be adjusted, and the stage feedback deflector 40 may be controlled as necessary.
- the irradiation state of each beam of the multi-beam optical system is exemplified by the on state and the off state on the assumption that the beam irradiation current amount is constant.
- An irradiation current amount of the beam may be included as an irradiation state of each beam of the beam optical system. That is, even if the on / off states of the plurality of beams are the same, if the irradiation current amount is different, the Coulomb force (Coulomb interaction) acting between the plurality of beams is different.
- the aforementioned distortion table may be prepared. Of course, not only the distortion table, but also distortion information represented by a function may be prepared as correction information for different irradiation current amounts.
- a method of changing the irradiation current amount of each beam for example, there is a method of providing an electrostatic lens on the electron gun 22 side of each opening 28a of the beam shaping aperture plate 28.
- the fine movement stage 85b that holds the wafer W via the shuttle 10 moves in the scanning direction (Y-axis direction) with respect to the electron beam irradiation device 92 (electron beam optical system), and is controlled by the electron beam.
- the electron beam irradiation device 92 electron beam optical system
- the wafer is stationary. In this state, the wafer W may be scanned and exposed by the electron beam while moving the electron beam irradiation apparatus (electron beam optical system) in the Y-axis direction.
- the scanning exposure of the wafer W by the electron beam may be performed while moving the wafer W and the electron beam irradiation apparatus in opposite directions.
- the main controller 50 controls the relative movement between the fine movement stage 85b and the electron beam optical system (multi-column optical system including a plurality of multi-beam optical systems 20), and for each multi-beam optical system 20, Irradiation of the plurality of beams to the wafer W based on information on a change in irradiation position of another beam (second beam) generated based on the above-described irradiation state of at least one of the plurality of beams (first beam). The position may be adjusted.
- the electron beam optical system multi-column optical system including a plurality of multi-beam optical systems 20
- the beam shaping aperture plate 28 in which n (5000) openings 28a arranged in a line in a belt-like region having a predetermined width in the X-axis direction has been described.
- two rows of openings each having a predetermined number of rows arranged in the X-axis direction are arranged so that the rows are shifted in the X-axis direction so that the openings do not overlap in the Y-axis direction.
- a shaped beam shaping aperture plate may be used.
- the plurality of openings on the beam shaping aperture plate do not necessarily have to be arranged in the band-shaped region. However, it is desirable that the positions of the openings are shifted with respect to the X-axis direction so that the openings do not overlap in the Y-axis direction.
- the electron beam optical system included in the electron beam irradiation device 92 is configured by the m optical system columns 20 including the multi-beam optical system is described.
- the system may be a single column type multi-beam optical system.
- the electron beam exposure apparatus of the type in which the wafer W is transported while being held by the shuttle 10 has been described.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the stage (or table) for exposing the wafer W alone.
- An electron beam exposure apparatus may be used. Even in such an electron beam exposure apparatus, as long as an electron beam optical system composed of a multi-beam optical system is provided, images of many apertures of the beam shaping aperture plate formed on the image surface of the multi-beam optical system described above.
- the method for correcting the distortion irradiation position shift of each beam on the irradiation surface
- the fine movement stage 85b is movable in the direction of 6 degrees of freedom with respect to the coarse movement stage 85a.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the fine movement stage can be moved only in the XY plane. May be.
- the first measurement system 52 and the second measurement system 54 that measure the position information of the fine movement stage may also be able to measure the position information related to the three degrees of freedom direction in the XY plane.
- the first measurement system 52 is configured by an encoder system.
- the present invention is not limited thereto, and the first measurement system 52 may be configured by an interferometer system.
- the electron beam irradiation device 92 is integrally supported with the metrology frame 94 and supported by being suspended from the top plate (ceiling wall) of the vacuum chamber via the three suspension support mechanisms 95a, 95b, and 95c.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the electron beam irradiation device 92 may be supported by a floor-standing body.
- the case where the entire exposure system 82 is accommodated in the vacuum chamber 80 has been described.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the column 93 of the electron beam irradiation apparatus 92 in the exposure system 82 is not limited thereto. A portion other than the lower end may be exposed to the outside of the vacuum chamber 80.
- the electron beam exposure apparatus 100 which concerns on this embodiment forms a fine pattern on a glass substrate, and manufactures a mask. In particular, it can be suitably applied.
- an electron beam exposure apparatus using an electron beam as a charged particle beam has been described.
- the above embodiment can also be applied to an exposure apparatus using an ion beam or the like as a charged particle beam for exposure. .
- the exposure technology that constitutes complementary lithography is not limited to the combination of the immersion exposure technology using an ArF light source and the charged particle beam exposure technology.
- the line and space pattern may be changed to other types such as an ArF light source and KrF. You may form by the dry exposure technique using a light source.
- an electronic device such as a semiconductor element includes a step of designing a function and performance of the device, a step of manufacturing a wafer from a silicon material, an actual circuit on the wafer by a lithography technique, and the like.
- the wafer is manufactured through a wafer processing step, a device assembly step (including a dicing process, a bonding process, and a packaging process), an inspection step, and the like.
- the wafer processing step includes a lithography step (a step of applying a resist (sensitive material) on the wafer, exposure to the wafer by the electron beam exposure apparatus and the exposure method thereof according to the above-described embodiment) A step of performing (drawing), a step of developing the exposed wafer), an etching step for removing the exposed member other than the portion where the resist remains by etching, and a resist for removing the unnecessary resist after the etching. Including a removal step.
- the wafer processing step may further include a pre-process (an oxidation step, a CVD step, an electrode formation step, an ion implantation step, etc.) prior to the lithography step.
- the above-described exposure method By executing the above-described exposure method using the beam exposure apparatus 100, a device pattern is formed on the wafer, so that highly integrated microdevices can be manufactured with high productivity (yield).
- the above-described complementary lithography is performed, and at that time, the above-described exposure method is executed using the electron beam exposure apparatus 100 of the above-described embodiment.
- the device can be manufactured.
- the exposure apparatus, the exposure method, the lithography method, and the device manufacturing method according to the present invention are suitable for manufacturing a micro device.
- W ... wafer, 100 ... electron beam exposure apparatus, 85b ... fine movement stage, 28 ... beam shaping aperture plate, 28a ... opening, 20 ... multi-beam optical system, 92 ... electron beam irradiation apparatus, 50 ... main control apparatus, 200 1- 200 10 ... Distortion table.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (23)
- 荷電粒子ビームを照射してターゲットを露光する露光装置であって、
前記ターゲットを保持して移動するステージと、
複数のビームについて、前記ビームが前記ターゲットに照射される照射状態を個別に設定可能なマルチビーム光学系を有する照射装置と、
前記ステージと前記マルチビーム光学系との相対的な移動を制御するとともに、前記複数のビームのうち少なくとも第1ビームの照射状態に基づいて生じる第2ビームの照射位置の変化に関する情報に基づき、前記ターゲットに対する前記複数のビームの照射位置を調整する制御装置と、
を備える露光装置。 - 前記ビームの前記照射状態は、前記ビームが前記ターゲットに照射されるオン状態又は、前記ビームが前記ターゲットに照射されないオフ状態である請求項1に記載の露光装置。
- 前記ビームの前記照射状態は、前記ビームの照射電流量を含む請求項1に記載の露光装置。
- 前記第2ビームの照射位置の変化に関する情報は、前記第1ビームの照射状態に基づいて予めシミュレーション又は実験を行って得られた情報である請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の露光装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記複数のビームの前記照射状態の組み合わせのそれぞれについて前記第2ビームの照射位置の変化に関する情報を求めて得られた複数の補正テーブルに基づき、前記複数のビームの照射位置を調整する請求項4に記載の露光装置。
- 前記複数の補正テーブルは、前記複数のビームの前記照射状態を各ビームでそれぞれ変化させたときに生じる前記複数のビームの照射位置の変化に関する情報を含む、前記複数のビームと同一数の補正テーブルを含む請求項5に記載の露光装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記ステージを駆動しつつ、前記第2ビームの照射位置の変化に関する情報に基づいて、前記ビームの照射タイミングを制御することで、前記ターゲットに対する前記複数のビームの照射位置を調整する請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の露光装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記複数のビームの配列方向に関する照射位置ずれが平均化されるように、前記配列方向に関する前記複数のビームの照射位置を調整する請求項7に記載の露光装置。
- 前記複数のビームは、複数の開口を有するビーム成形部材の前記複数の開口を通過することにより形成され、前記ビーム成形部材は、前記複数のビームのそれぞれが前記ターゲットを照射する位置が前記複数の開口の配列方向に関して一直線上に位置するように製造段階で前記複数の開口の位置が調整されている請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の露光装置。
- 前記照射位置は、前記ビームが照射される照射面上での位置である請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の露光装置。
- ターゲットを露光装置で露光して前記ターゲット上にラインアンドスペースパターンを形成することと、
請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の露光装置を用いて、前記ラインアンドスペースパターンを構成するラインパターンの切断を行うことと、を含むリソグラフィ方法。 - 荷電粒子ビームを照射してターゲットを露光する露光方法であって、
所定面内で移動するステージ上に前記ターゲットを保持させることと、
複数のビームについて、前記ビームが前記ターゲットに照射される照射状態を、個別に設定可能なマルチビーム光学系を有する照射装置からの前記ターゲットに対するビームの照射制御のため、前記ステージと前記マルチビーム光学系との相対的な移動を制御するとともに、前記複数のビームのうち少なくとも第1ビームの照射状態に基づいて生じる第2ビームの照射位置の変化に関する情報に基づき、前記ターゲットに対する前記複数のビームの照射位置を調整することと、
を含む露光方法。 - 前記ビームの前記照射状態は、前記ビームが前記ターゲットに照射されるオン状態又は、前記ビームが前記ターゲットに照射されないオフ状態である請求項12に記載の露光方法。
- 前記ビームの前記照射状態は、前記ビームの照射電流量を含む請求項12に記載の露光方法。
- 前記第2ビームの照射位置の変化に関する情報は、前記第1ビームの照射状態に基づいて予めシミュレーション又は実験を行って得られた情報である請求項12~14のいずれか一項に記載の露光方法。
- 前記調整することでは、前記複数のビームの前記照射状態の組み合わせのそれぞれについて前記第2ビームの照射位置の変化に関する情報を求めて得られた複数の補正テーブルに基づき、前記複数のビームの照射位置を調整する請求項15に記載の露光方法。
- 前記複数の補正テーブルは、前記複数のビームの前記照射状態を各ビームでそれぞれ変化させたときに生じる前記複数のビームの照射位置の変化に関する情報を含む、前記複数のビームと同一数の補正テーブルを含む請求項16に記載の露光方法。
- 前記調整することでは、前記ステージを駆動しつつ、前記第2ビームの照射位置の変化に関する情報に基づいて、前記ビームの照射タイミングを制御することで、前記ターゲットに対する前記複数のビームの照射位置を調整する請求項12~17のいずれか一項に記載の露光方法。
- 前記調整することでは、前記複数のビームの配列方向に関する照射位置ずれが平均化されるように、前記配列方向に関する前記複数のビームの照射位置を調整する請求項18に記載の露光方法。
- 前記複数のビームは、複数の開口を有するビーム成形部材の前記複数の開口を通過することにより形成され、前記ビーム成形部材は、前記複数の開口を通過した前記複数のビームのそれぞれが前記ターゲットを照射する位置が前記配列方向に関して一直線上に位置するように、製造段階で前記複数の開口の位置が調整されている請求項12~19のいずれか一項に記載の露光方法。
- 前記照射位置は、前記ビームが照射される照射面上での位置である請求項12~20のいずれか一項に記載の露光装置。
- ターゲットを露光装置で露光して前記ターゲット上にラインアンドスペースパターンを形成することと、
請求項12~21のいずれか一項に記載の露光方法を用いて、前記ラインアンドスペースパターンを構成するラインパターンの切断を行うことと、を含むリソグラフィ方法。 - リソグラフィ工程を含むデバイス製造方法であって、
前記リソグラフィ工程では、請求項11又は22に記載のリソグラフィ方法によりターゲットに対する露光が行われるデバイス製造方法。
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US16/085,142 US10658157B2 (en) | 2016-03-14 | 2017-03-14 | Exposure apparatus and exposure method, lithography method, and device manufacturing method |
EP17766691.4A EP3432342A4 (en) | 2016-03-14 | 2017-03-14 | EXPOSURE DEVICE, EXPOSURE METHOD, LITHOGRAPHY METHOD, AND DEVICE MANUFACTURING METHOD |
CN201780017551.0A CN108780741A (zh) | 2016-03-14 | 2017-03-14 | 曝光装置及曝光方法、微影方法、以及组件制造方法 |
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