WO2017158649A1 - Appareil de production de biomasse végétale semi-carbonisée - Google Patents

Appareil de production de biomasse végétale semi-carbonisée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017158649A1
WO2017158649A1 PCT/JP2016/001561 JP2016001561W WO2017158649A1 WO 2017158649 A1 WO2017158649 A1 WO 2017158649A1 JP 2016001561 W JP2016001561 W JP 2016001561W WO 2017158649 A1 WO2017158649 A1 WO 2017158649A1
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Prior art keywords
semi
screw conveyor
superheated steam
carbide
plant biomass
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PCT/JP2016/001561
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
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栄作 黒田
柴田　勝美
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バイオマス・フューエル株式会社
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Priority to PCT/JP2016/001561 priority Critical patent/WO2017158649A1/fr
Priority to JP2017507462A priority patent/JP6124494B1/ja
Publication of WO2017158649A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017158649A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • a semi-carbide is obtained by thermally decomposing a so-called plant biomass, which is grown and grown from photosynthesis, such as wood materials and agricultural products generated from, for example, a wood processing factory and a waste intermediate treatment plant.
  • the present invention relates to a manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing.
  • coal has problems in that it has a low fuel density and is not suitable for transportation and storage and an increase in the amount of greenhouse gas (CO 2 gas) generated.
  • CO 2 gas greenhouse gas
  • plant biomass recyclable, plant-derived organic resources excluding fossil resources
  • CO 2 greenhouse gas
  • Gas is considered to be free of greenhouse gas (CO 2 gas) because it is fixed again by the plant, and in addition, the amount of coal used is reduced, which reduces greenhouse gas (CO 2 gas) emissions. Therefore, it has been proposed that plant biomass be used as a solid fuel instead of coal or co-fired with coal.
  • plant biomass generally has a high water content of, for example, 20 to 60%, and has a high porosity, resulting in low transportation and storage efficiency. Further, when burned as it is, the calorific value is low and the main component is fibrous. There are problems such as low grindability.
  • plant biomass is thermally decomposed in hemicellulose having a low oxygen concentration in a temperature atmosphere of low temperature of about 300 ° C. to release the bundles and lower the water content, and further, a fibrous material composed of lignin and cellulose.
  • the heat generation per unit mass is increased by pyrolyzing the fiber, the fiber is decomposed, and the pressure-pulverization is facilitated as a component mainly composed of carbon.
  • the thermal decomposition of lignin is suppressed by thermal decomposition at a low temperature of about 300 ° C., and a part of the volatile matter remains in the solid fuel, and the ignitability is equivalent to that of coal. It has many advantages such as being able to be solidified and having excellent water resistance and spontaneous ignition resistance.
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-2907
  • Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-291155
  • Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2012-219176
  • Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2015-229551.
  • Patent Document 4 A practical means for producing semi-carbides for plant biomass is presented in the publication (Patent Document 4) and the like.
  • Patent Document 1 secures a heat source necessary for semi-carbonization by using exhaust gas generated from cement firing equipment, and is provided outside the semi-carbonized fuel production apparatus.
  • the premise is that the firing facility is a combustion facility and the high-temperature exhaust gas generated in the combustion facility is used.
  • providing a heat source outside the production apparatus for semi-carbonized fuel increases the scale and production cost of the apparatus, which is a great restriction on the installation of the apparatus.
  • the heat supply from the outside can be reduced by using the pyrolysis gas of the plant biomass itself as a heat source necessary for the semi-carbonization, and the operating cost of the production apparatus for the semi-carbonized fuel
  • a part of the pyrolysis gas is circulated in the apparatus as a heat medium.
  • the components condense when the product drops, and tar and condensed water adhering to the piping of the equipment, etc. and adhering to the piping need to be shut down for a long period of time in order to remove them.
  • tar or condensed water adheres to partition walls, heat transfer surfaces, and piping, components contained in these deposits grow on the partition walls, heat transfer surfaces, and pipes, shrinking and blocking the flow path, etc.
  • a drying apparatus for heating and drying biomass, a thermal decomposition apparatus for thermally decomposing biomass dried by the drying apparatus, and heating heat are supplied to the drying apparatus and the thermal decomposition apparatus.
  • the thermal decomposition apparatus is provided with a part of the combustion exhaust gas generated in the combustion apparatus, and is directly generated by mixing the supplied combustion exhaust gas with the biomass to heat and thermally decompose the biomass.
  • a semi-carbonization device is proposed in which a mixed gas of pyrolysis gas and combustion exhaust gas used for heating is supplied to the combustion device, the specific configurations of the drying device and the pyrolysis device are not disclosed.
  • plant biomass is heated at 230 to 270 ° C. using a retort furnace, a screw furnace, a rotary furnace, a stirring fluidized furnace, a fixed bed gasification furnace or the like to produce a semi-carbide.
  • the superheated steam is blown into the screw conveyor while screwing the raw material in the screw conveyors arranged in two stages, upper and lower, and the gas phase atmosphere is set to 200 ° C., so that it is sequentially transferred from the upper stage to the lower stage.
  • a semi-carbonized production device is presented that is dried and semi-carbonized in the middle and discharged from the lower stage, the upper and lower stages are simply reduced by half the transfer distance and reduced installation length. Yes, as in the case of using a single screw conveyor, the drying process and the semi-carbonizing process are not performed by different screw conveyors, and the effect of two stages is not fully exhibited.
  • Patent Document 5 JP 2004-352538 A
  • Patent Document 6 JP 2006-8737 A
  • the screw furnace is proposed as being excellent in that it can be continuously operated and can efficiently produce a large amount of semi-carbides.
  • the conventional well-known screw furnace is an external heating type in which a portion covered with a refractory material of the case body is heated from the outside by a burner or a high-temperature gas generated by dry distillation is inserted into the screw furnace.
  • the temperature range of semi-carbonization is narrow and the thermal efficiency is low, and the corrosion and oxidation of the heated part in the case body are promoted, and there is a problem in durability.
  • a high-temperature gas such as a dry distillation gas is used, there is a problem that it takes time and facilities to process a dry distillation gas containing various harmful components during semi-carbonization.
  • the present invention is capable of producing a large amount and homogeneous plant biomass semi-carbide continuously, having excellent thermal efficiency, low running costs, and without causing deterioration and oxidation due to heating. It is safe to perform semi-carbonization at normal pressure, in particular, it is easy to treat harmful gases generated during dry distillation, and there is no waste according to the type and shape of the plant biomass that is the raw material and the desired properties of the produced carbide It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for semi-carbonizing plant biomass that can be manufactured quickly.
  • An apparatus for semi-carbonizing plant biomass according to the first aspect of the present invention which has been made to solve the above-described problems, is pivotally supported so that a rotary screw can be driven to rotate from one end face to the other end face.
  • the case body is provided with a nozzle pipe having a superheated steam outlet for jetting superheated steam at 200 to 400 ° C., and a processing raw material which is plant biomass crushed into a predetermined shape is put on one side of the case body.
  • a charging screw conveyor provided with a discharging unit for discharging the processing raw material dried by the superheated steam on the other side of the case body, and a case body that rotatably supports the rotary screw.
  • a nozzle pipe having a superheated steam jet port for jetting superheated steam at 300 to 600 ° C., and the drying scoop on one side of the case body;
  • a charging unit for charging the processed raw material discharged from the discharging unit in the conveyor, and a discharging unit for discharging the semi-carbide of the processing raw material heated by the superheated steam on the other side of the case body.
  • a semi-carbonized screw conveyor and a semi-carbide discharging device that discharges the semi-carbide of the processing raw material discharged from the discharge portion of the semi-carbonized screw conveyor to a non-combustible temperature that does not self-combust in the atmosphere in an oxygen free state It is characterized by having.
  • the plant biomass semi-carbide production apparatus is the plant biomass semi-carbide manufacturing apparatus according to the first invention, wherein the nozzle pipes in the drying screw conveyor and the semi-carbonizing screw conveyor are arranged from one side to the other side in the case body. In each fixed state, it extends in parallel with the axis of the rotary screw, and a number of superheated steam jets directed toward the rotary screw are provided with a predetermined gap in the extending direction.
  • the semi-carbide production apparatus for vegetable biomass according to the third invention is the first or second invention, wherein the semi-carbide discharge device has a discharge conveyor, and the discharge carbide conveys the discharge from the inlet side of the discharge conveyor.
  • the heat-treated semi-carbide is charged and charged, and superheated steam or saturated steam filled in the semi-carbonized screw conveyor is sprayed to make the inside of the discharge conveyor oxygen-free.
  • the plant biomass semi-carbide manufacturing apparatus has a humidification zone on the outlet side of the discharge conveyor, and is introduced from the inlet side.
  • the semi-carbide is humidified by the superheated steam or saturated steam liquefied in the humidification zone, and is discharged from the discharge of the discharge conveyor at a temperature of less than 100 ° C.
  • the pressure in the case body of the drying screw conveyor and the semi-carbonization screw conveyor is higher than the atmospheric pressure in the second or third invention. It is characterized by being operated in a positive pressure state.
  • a plant biomass semi-carbide producing apparatus is the carbonized gas containing superheated steam from the drying screw conveyor and the semi-carbonizing screw conveyor in the first, second, third, fourth or fifth invention. Is to overheat to a temperature of 800 ° C. or higher by a combustion furnace provided in the deodorization device to remove the contained odor and to generate the superheated steam using the retained heat of the combustion exhaust gas from the combustion furnace.
  • a plant biomass semi-carbide production apparatus is the invention according to the first, second, third, fourth, fifth or sixth aspect, wherein the drying screw conveyor or It is characterized in that at least one of the semi-carbonizing screw conveyors is reduced or increased.
  • An apparatus for producing a semi-carbide of plant biomass according to an eighth invention is the screw for drying according to the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth or seventh invention, in accordance with the semi-carbonization amount of the treatment raw material.
  • a nozzle pipe having a superheated steam outlet for jetting superheated steam into the inside of the case body that is rotatably supported from one end face to the other end face.
  • a third screw conveyor that includes an input unit that inputs the processing raw material on one side of the case body and a discharge unit that discharges the processing raw material processed by the superheated steam on the other side of the case body. It is characterized by that.
  • the thermal efficiency is obtained by directly using superheated steam, unlike the case of semi-carbonizing plant biomass by a conventional external heating type screw conveyor as shown in Patent Document 5 and Patent Document 6, for example.
  • it is safe because it is heated with oxygen-free atmospheric pressure, and it is safe to use.
  • superheated steam with a higher drying capacity is used, the drying and semi-carbonizing ability is excellent, and there is no fear that the semi-carbide is pulverized due to excessive drying because moisture exists on the surface of the carbide.
  • drying and semi-carbonizing are not performed by one screw conveyor, but the upper and lower stages are similar to those of the semi-carbonizing apparatus described in Patent Document 5.
  • the invention described in Patent Document 5 performs drying and semi-carbonization by blowing superheated steam under the same conditions in the upper and lower screw conveyors.
  • the upper and lower two-stage screw conveyor is constituted by a drying screw conveyor and a semi-carbonizing screw conveyor, so that it is possible to blow superheated steam or discharge steam under conditions suitable for each purpose.
  • a semi-carbide discharging device that discharges the semi-carbide of the processing raw material discharged from the discharge portion of the semi-carbonizing screw conveyor to the non-self-combustion temperature where the semi-carbide does not self-combust in the atmosphere in an oxygen-free state. Therefore, it is possible to reliably produce a homogeneous semi-carbide having a preset property.
  • the thermal efficiency is good and the durability is excellent. It is safe because it is heated at anaerobic normal pressure, and in particular, it uses superheated steam that has a higher heat storage capacity and higher drying capacity than drying gas at high temperatures exceeding 200 ° C. as a heating means. It is excellent, and the presence of moisture on the surface of the semi-carbide makes it easy to produce pellets without worrying that the semi-carbide produced as a result of excessive drying will be crushed.
  • the drying and semi-carbonizing are not performed continuously by one screw conveyor, but the material is constituted by the drying screw conveyor and the semi-carbonizing screw conveyor. Extremely efficient production is possible by changing different temperatures, screw conveying speeds, etc. according to the properties and shape of the plant biomass.
  • a semi-carbide discharging device that discharges the semi-carbide of the processing raw material discharged from the discharge portion of the semi-carbonizing screw conveyor to the non-self-combustion temperature where the semi-carbide does not self-combust in the atmosphere in an oxygen-free state. Therefore, it is possible to reliably produce a homogeneous semi-carbide having a preset property.
  • the nozzle pipes in the drying screw conveyor and the semi-carbonizing screw conveyor extend in parallel with the axis of the rotary screw in a fixed state from one side to the other side in the case body. Since a large number of superheated steam jets directed toward the rotating screw are respectively provided with a predetermined gap in the extending direction, the superheated steam is sprayed on the processing raw material over the entire area of the case body along the axis. Therefore, the inside of each screw conveyor can be heated more uniformly, and the nozzle pipe is attached in a fixed state independently of the rotary screw, so that the attachment is easy and the manufacturing cost is low.
  • the semi-carbide discharge device has a discharge conveyor, and is charged with the heat-treated semi-carbide from the inlet side of the discharge conveyor and filled in the semi-carbonization screw conveyor.
  • the semi-carbide discharge device has a discharge conveyor, and is charged with the heat-treated semi-carbide from the inlet side of the discharge conveyor and filled in the semi-carbonization screw conveyor.
  • the semi-carbide introduced from the inlet side is humidified by the superheated steam or saturated steam liquefied in the humidification zone and processed. If the temperature is less than 100 ° C. at which the object does not burn, the steam becomes water, gas that is difficult to process is not generated, and the apparatus configuration is simplified.
  • the pressure in the case body of the drying screw conveyor and the semi-carbonizing screw conveyor is operated in a positive pressure state higher than atmospheric pressure, the intrusion of air into the case body is prevented. This can prevent the combustion of the processing raw material in the heat treatment process.
  • the dry distillation gas containing superheated steam from the drying screw conveyor and the semi-carbonizing screw conveyor is heated to a temperature of 800 ° C. or more by the combustion furnace provided in the deodorizing apparatus and included.
  • Environmental pollution is suppressed by removing the odor and generating the superheated steam and the superheated superheated steam using the retained heat of the combustion exhaust gas from the combustion furnace.
  • the superheated steam and the superheated superheated steam are generated using the retained heat of the combustion exhaust gas from the combustion furnace, the operation can be performed more efficiently.
  • the seventh invention depending on the amount of semi-carbonization of the treatment raw material, the kind of the treatment raw material by reducing or increasing at least one of the screw conveyor for drying or the screw conveyor for semi-carbonization, A heat treatment apparatus without waste can be provided according to the use and the processing amount.
  • the eighth invention according to the semi-carbonization amount of the processing raw material, by increasing at least one of the screw conveyor for drying or the screw conveyor for semi-carbonizing, the kind of the processing raw material, its use, In addition to providing a heat treatment device that does not waste depending on the amount of treatment, it can decompose the raw materials of the raw material by preheating the raw material in the dry state before semi-carbonization in the presence of a specified temperature range and moisture. Thus, a semi-carbide having a property different from that of a semi-carbide produced by semi-carbonizing the dried raw material can be obtained.
  • FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 show a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the plant biomass semi-carbide production apparatus is made of various plant biomass such as wood chips, waste materials from wooden houses, and agricultural crops.
  • a drying screw conveyor 1 that removes moisture from the processing raw material by removing high-temperature superheated steam from a pulverized product B of a certain processing raw material, and a processing raw material that has been dried in the drying screw conveyor 1
  • the semi-carbonized screw conveyor 2 that is semi-carbonized by semi-carbonization and the non-self-burning of the semi-carbide of the processing raw material formed in the semi-carbonizing screw conveyor 2 in the oxygen-free state in which the processing raw material does not self-combust in the atmosphere
  • Semi-carbide discharging device 3 for lowering the temperature to discharge to the outside, the drying screw conveyor 1 and the semi-carbonizing screw conveyor Composed of water vapor generating apparatus 4 and superheated steam generating device 5 which for generating a high-temperature superheated steam.
  • the drying screw conveyor 1, the semi-carbonizing screw conveyor 2, and the semi-carbide discharging device 3 are supported by a two-story base 6 and are arranged in stages in the vertical direction. Efforts are being made to improve the efficiency of the manufacturing process and the efficiency of human work by reducing the area, shortening the transportation route, and sharing the drive source.
  • the drying screw conveyor 1 and the semi-carbonizing screw conveyor 2 used in the present embodiment basically have a long rotating screw 11 (21) rotated in the axial direction within a cylindrical case body 12 (22).
  • a known shaft that is pivotally supported so that the shaft of the rotary screw 11 (21) protruded from the side end of the case body 12 (22) is driven to rotate by a driving device disposed on the case body 12 (22).
  • the rotational speed (transfer speed) of each rotary screw 11 (21) can be adjusted individually, and the case body 12 (22) is used at a high temperature.
  • It consists of heat-resistant materials such as heat-resistant steel, and a strong brick, heat-resistant and wear-resistant ceramic, etc. are attached to the inside and outside to give heat resistance, and packing etc. are arranged at various places. To (not shown) is set to be held in an airtight state of low pressure.
  • the drying screw conveyor 1 and the semi-carbonizing screw conveyor 2 include a superheated steam supply pipe 52 from the superheated steam generator 5 shown in FIG. 1 inside the case body 12 (22).
  • a nozzle pipe 14 (24) in which a number of superheated steam jets 13 (23) for ejecting high-temperature superheated steam transferred through the nozzle 11 (21) toward the rotary screw 11 (21) are arranged at predetermined intervals, and is dried.
  • the screw conveyor 1 and the semi-carbonizing screw conveyor 2 can be heated uniformly, and the heat of the superheated steam supplied does not diffuse into the case body 12 (22) by the rotating screw 11 (21). It is directly propagated to the processing raw material to be transferred and heated efficiently.
  • the nozzle pipe 14 (24) is connected to the shaft of the rotary screw 11 (21). As compared with the case where superheated steam is discharged from a specific location, it can be heated more evenly in the length direction of the apparatus main body, and the nozzle pipe 14 (24). Is attached in a fixed state independently of the rotary screw 11 (21), so that the attachment is easy and the manufacturing cost is low.
  • the drying screw conveyor 1 and the semi-carbonizing screw conveyor 2 may be formed by a single rotating screw 11 (21), but a pair of rotating screws 11, 11 (21, 21) are juxtaposed in the width direction.
  • a so-called double screw conveyor (not shown) may be used.
  • the conveyance amount can be increased and a pair of rotary screws 11, 11 (21, 21) in which processing raw materials are arranged in parallel during conveyance.
  • the nozzle pipe 14 (24) is ejected from the nozzle pipe 14 (24) by being arranged along the center in the width direction of the rotary screws 11, 11 (21, 21).
  • the heated raw material can be heated more reliably and evenly with the treated raw material conveyed by the rotary screws 11, 11 (21, 21).
  • high-temperature steam 120 to 300 ° C.
  • high-temperature steam 120 to 300 ° C.
  • high-temperature superheated steam 200 to 1000 ° C.
  • the saturation generated in the steam generator 4 From the steam, high-temperature and super-high-temperature superheated steam (200 to 1000 ° C.) may be generated at a time by a steam heater (super steamer).
  • a suction pipe 81 is provided at the ceiling of the drying screw conveyor 1 so that exhaust gas containing volatile matter (dry distillation gas) generated when the processing raw material is heated at a high temperature and water vapor in the case body 12 are supplied to the exhaust device 9.
  • the suction pipe 81 is discharged from the drying screw conveyor 1 through the steam generator 4 and the superheated steam generator 5 when connected to the exhaust device 9.
  • the exhaust gas to be heated is heated to a high temperature by the deodorizing device 8 and is exchanged as a part of fuel of the steam generating device 4 and the superheated steam generating device 5 and then discharged from the exhaust device 9. Yes.
  • a drain port (not shown) for draining water is provided at the bottom of the case body 12, and moisture condensed in the case body 12 is discharged to the outside of the case body 12.
  • the drying screw conveyor 1 has an input portion 15 into which a processing raw material pulverized into a predetermined shape made of plant biomass input from the input conveyor 7 is input to one side of the case body 12.
  • a discharge portion 16 for discharging the processing raw material dried by the superheated steam jetted from the superheated steam jet port 13 of the nozzle pipe 14 is provided on the side, and the charging portion 15 is inserted into the case body 12.
  • the charging chute has a rotary valve (rotary feeder) to which the base of the charging chute is connected.
  • the rotary valve is provided on an auxiliary frame higher than the height of the case body 12 and is driven by a motor.
  • the discharging portion 16 of the drying screw conveyor 1 is a pipe-shaped discharging chute provided at the bottom of the case body 12 and its discharge chute There is an open / close valve (not shown) provided in the lower part, and the outlet side of the open / close valve is connected to the charging section 25 of the semi-carbonizing screw conveyor 2.
  • the carbonization screw conveyor 2 to which the processing raw material dried by the drying screw conveyor 1 is supplied has a temperature necessary for semi-carbonizing the processing raw material supplied with the superheated steam to be dried. Except for a certain point, it is basically the same as the drying screw conveyor 14 and will not be described in detail.
  • the semi-carbide of the processing raw material semi-carbonized by the semi-carbonizing screw conveyor 2 falls from a discharge portion 26 provided at the bottom of the case body 22, and a heated processing raw material is placed below the discharge portion 26.
  • a semi-carbide discharging device 3 is provided that discharges the semi-carbides in an oxygen-free state to a temperature at which the semi-carbides are not burned in the atmosphere (that is, a non-self-combustion temperature).
  • the semi-carbide discharge device 3 is provided with a discharge screw conveyor 31 having a total length of about 3 m (preferably about 2 to 6 m), and the volume is reduced by heat treatment by the semi-carbonization screw conveyor 2.
  • the semi-carbide of the treated raw material is gradually transported in a state where oxygen is expelled with superheated steam, and the discharged semi-carbide of the treated raw material is cooled to 100 ° C. or lower.
  • a variable speed motor (not shown) is used to rotate the screw of the discharge screw conveyor 31, and the conveying speed is determined according to the amount and temperature of the half carbide to be discharged, Semi-carbides are sent out while filling the conveyance path with the object to be processed.
  • the semi-carbide discharged from the case body 22 falls into the discharge screw conveyor 31 from the discharge portion 25, and is released from the semi-carbide discharge port 32 as a semi-carbide having a predetermined property without being burned while being gradually cooled. Discharged.
  • the steam generated from the combustion exhaust gas of the combustion furnace 84 having the auxiliary burner 83 fueled with the heavy oil, LPG, NG and the exhaust gas from the drying screw conveyor 1 and the semi-carbonizing screw conveyor 2 installed in the deodorizer 8 The water of about 20 ° C. supplied to the boiler 41 of 4 is once converted into steam and further heated to, for example, heat superheated steam at a high temperature of 100 to 1000 ° C. (150 ° C. in this embodiment) of the superheated steam generator 5.
  • the steam superheater 51 is supplied to further heat the high-temperature superheated steam to generate superheated superheated steam of 200 to 1000 ° C. (750 ° C. in this embodiment).
  • the generated high-temperature (about 350 ° C.) superheated steam is supplied to the drying screw conveyor 1 and the semi-carbonized screw conveyor 2 from the superheated steam outlet 13 (23) of the nozzle pipe 14 (24) through the superheated steam supply pipe 52.
  • 880 kg / h is discharged into the drying screw conveyor 1 through the charging conveyor 7 and the charging section 15, and the plant biomass, which is a wood chip pulverized to 0.5 to 2 cm as a processing raw material. It is thrown in at a rate of.
  • the processing raw material charged into the drying screw conveyor 1 is heated at a high temperature while being transferred in the axial direction in the case body 12 by the rotating screw 11, and even if it contains a lot of moisture, it is dried and discharged from the discharge unit 16. Is transferred to the semi-carbonizing screw conveyor 2 through the charging unit 25, but the residence time of the processing raw material in the drying screw conveyor 1 varies depending on the rotational speed of the rotating screw 11 and the inclination of the case body 12, so that it is used.
  • the rotation speed is adjusted so as to have a residence time in which the processing raw material is sufficiently dried according to the properties of the processing raw material to be processed.
  • the processing raw material charged into the semi-carbonizing screw conveyor 2 is heated at a high temperature by, for example, 300 ° C. superheated steam supplied from the nozzle pipe 21 while being transferred in the axial direction in the case body 22 by the rotary screw 21.
  • the process raw material is semi-carbonized, it is transported to the semi-carbide discharge device 3 to lower the temperature to produce a product, and if necessary, pelletized and used as fuel (not shown).
  • the processing raw material thrown into the semi-carbonizing screw conveyor 2 is semi-carbonized and discharged from the semi-carbonizing screw conveyor 2, it becomes about 500 kg / h.
  • the manufactured semi-carbide is prevented from being carbonized more than the setting by the semi-carbide discharging device 3, and the semi-carbide is humidified with moisture generated by the temperature drop, so the conveying speed of the rotary screw 31,
  • a semi-carbide with a predetermined humidity for example, 1 to 10%
  • a semi-carbonized screw conveyor 2 is provided with a conveying portion for cooling. It is possible to prevent an increase in length and variation in the desired semi-carbonization degree.
  • this embodiment does not use the screw conveyor 2 for semi-carbonization as the final stage, for example, the semi-carbide transported to the semi-carbide discharge device 3 is cooled from the outside and the semi-carbonization is finished to finish the uniform semi-carbonization. It is also possible to obtain carbides.
  • the present invention can increase the calorific value at the time of combustion by remaining volatile components contained in plant biomass, for example, and can retain moisture to retain cohesion.
  • this embodiment has an advantage, this embodiment can produce semi-carbides suitable for various applications by changing the temperature and contact time of superheated steam. Needless to say, it can also be manufactured.
  • the processing raw material when exposed to high-temperature superheated steam, it is dried or semi-carbonized by the applied heat to generate flammable exhaust gas (dry distillation gas) (temperature is about 300 ° C.).
  • flammable exhaust gas dry distillation gas
  • for drying The exhaust gas discharged from the screw conveyor 1 and the semi-carbonizing screw conveyor 2 is collected by, for example, a dust collector (cyclone) 82 disposed in the suction pipe 81 and supplied to the combustion furnace 84, and the combustion furnace 84 has an auxiliary burner 83. Therefore, all combustible matter in the exhaust gas burns.
  • the inside of the combustion furnace 84 is set to about 800 to 1000 ° C. (preferably 850 to 900 ° C.), and the odor contained in the exhaust gas is almost completely removed.
  • the combustion furnace 84 supplies primary combustion air or oxygen when necessary.
  • the combustion exhaust gas in the vicinity of 850 to 900 ° C. exiting the combustion furnace 84 is heat-exchanged by the boiler 43 of the steam generator 4 and the steam superheater 51 of the superheated steam generator 5 as described above, using the retained heat, Generates hot and super hot steam.
  • the exhaust gas that has passed through the boiler 41 and the steam superheater 51 is exhausted to the outside after removing harmful substances through the exhaust device 8 with a dust collecting purification device 91 such as a cyclone or a filter.
  • the exhaust gas further has retained heat, it is natural that it can be used as an energy source such as preheating water.
  • the processing raw material is plant biomass, and a large amount of the exhaust gas is contained in the exhaust gas. Since combustible gas is mixed, it becomes fuel in the combustion furnace 84, and fuel from the auxiliary burner 83 can be saved significantly.
  • the temperature of the drying screw conveyor 1 is not increased in the initial stage of operation, even if hot superheated steam is blown in, the temperature immediately decreases and it becomes difficult to dry the processing raw material.
  • the screw conveyor 1 is provided with a deodorizing furnace exhaust gas circulation or an auxiliary burner (not shown), and the drying screw conveyor 1 is preheated in advance by the auxiliary burner, and then the operation is performed. This also applies to the semi-carbonizing screw conveyor 2, but it takes time for the raw material to reach the semi-carbonizing screw conveyor 2. Therefore, the semi-carbonizing screw conveyor is heated by the superheated superheated steam supplied in the meantime. 2 can also be heated.
  • the case where the exhaust gas from the drying screw conveyor 1 and the semi-carbonizing screw conveyor 2 is supplied to the steam generator 4 is shown, but it is further supplied to the superheated steam generator 5 or one of them. In this case, it is also possible to supply at least one of the steam generator 4 and the superheated steam generator 5 with the exhaust gas of either the drying screw conveyor 1 or the semi-carbonizing screw conveyor 2.
  • the drying screw conveyor 1 and the semi-carbonizing screw conveyor 2 are arranged in the upper and lower two stages to perform drying and semi-carbonizing, respectively.
  • the present invention is not limited to this.
  • both screw conveyors are used for semi-carbonization when already dried to some extent, etc. as appropriate according to the nature and degree of semi-carbonization of the plant biomass used It can be used in different applications.
  • the superheated steam for drying and the superheated steam for semi-carbonization are used at 300 ° C., which is the permissible temperature range, and the piping is simple and control is easy. It is also possible to supply superheated steam at a temperature of 2 to 5 through separate pipes.In this case, the temperature of the superheated steam for drying and the temperature of superheated steam for semi-carbonization is adjusted according to the nature of the plant biomass that is the processing raw material to be used. By selecting and using, efficient semi-carbonization can be performed.
  • FIG. 4 shows a different embodiment of the present invention, and the overall configuration is substantially the same as that of the embodiment shown in FIGS. A difference is that a third screw conveyor 10 similar to the drying screw conveyor 1 and the semi-carbonizing screw conveyor 2 is disposed between the carbonizing screw conveyors 2.
  • the method for producing the semi-carbide of the plant biomass using the present embodiment is almost the same as the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, but the third screw conveyor 10 disposed in the middle is dried. It is also possible to use plant biomass having properties that are difficult to treat with the above-mentioned two-stage production equipment, such as for use in semi-carbonization or for the first half for drying and the second half for semi-carbonization. For example, in the case of a processing raw material containing a large amount of moisture, there is an advantage that the length of the drying screw conveyor 1 need not be extended by using the third screw conveyor 10 for drying. The same applies when the semi-carbonizing screw conveyor 2 requires a length.
  • the processing raw material obtained by drying the third screw conveyor 10 by the drying screw conveyor 1 is preheated in the range of 180 to 240 ° C. in the presence of moisture, so that the semi-carbonizing screw conveyor 2 can perform cellulose or lignin before semi-carbonization.
  • Cellulose binding by promoting the fluidization of the fiber structure by allowing the hemicellulose to disintegrate in a state in which the residue remains, the binding property of the semi-carbide in the screw conveyor 2 for semi-carbonization performed by softening of lignin, the water content, It is also possible to improve the combustion efficiency.
  • Screw conveyor for drying, 2. Screw conveyor for semi-carbonization, 3. Semi-carbide discharging device, 4. Steam generator, 5. Superheated steam generator, 6. Base, 7. Input conveyor, 8. Deodorizer, 9. Exhaust device, 10. Third. Screw conveyor, 11 rotating screw, 12 case body, 13 hot gas outlet, 14 nozzle piping, 15 inlet, 16 outlet, 21 rotating screw, 22 case body, 23 hot gas outlet, 24 nozzle piping, 25 inlet , 26 discharge section, 31 discharge screw conveyor, 32 semi-carbide discharge port, 41 boiler, 51 steam superheater, 52 superheated steam supply pipe, 81 suction pipe, 82 dust collector (cyclone), 83 auxiliary burner, 84 combustion furnace, 91 Purification device, 92 fans

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Coke Industry (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil de production de biomasse végétale semi-carbonisée qui peut produire, en toute sécurité et en continu, une grande quantité de biomasse végétale semi-carbonisée homogène avec une efficacité thermique supérieure et un faible coût de fonctionnement, sans provoquer de dégradation ou d'oxydation associée au chauffage, et qui permet de traiter facilement un gaz dangereux. L'appareil de production de biomasse végétale semi-carbonisée comporte : un transporteur à vis de séchage pour sécher une matière première à traiter, qui est une biomasse végétale, à l'aide de vapeur d'eau surchauffée à 200-400°C ; un transporteur à vis de semi-carbonisation pour la semi-carbonisation de la matière première à traiter à l'aide de vapeur d'eau surchauffée à 300-600°C ; et un dispositif d'évacuation de matériau semi-carbonisé pour refroidir la matière première semi-carbonisée à traiter, en l'absence d'oxygène, à une température d'allumage non spontanée à laquelle le matériau ne s'allume pas spontanément dans l'atmosphère, et pour évacuer le matériau à l'extérieur.
PCT/JP2016/001561 2016-03-17 2016-03-17 Appareil de production de biomasse végétale semi-carbonisée WO2017158649A1 (fr)

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PCT/JP2016/001561 WO2017158649A1 (fr) 2016-03-17 2016-03-17 Appareil de production de biomasse végétale semi-carbonisée
JP2017507462A JP6124494B1 (ja) 2016-03-17 2016-03-17 植物性バイオマス半炭化物の製造装置

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CN109052484A (zh) * 2018-10-25 2018-12-21 唐山学院 氧化铁粉除氯装置及其控制方法
SE1751453A1 (en) * 2017-11-27 2019-05-28 Valmet Oy System and method for treating biomass material
JP2019081848A (ja) * 2017-10-31 2019-05-30 株式会社ワンワールド 炭化処理物の製造装置
CN110527536A (zh) * 2019-10-14 2019-12-03 姚长利 生产木炭的方法及炭化炉
WO2021079619A1 (fr) * 2019-10-24 2021-04-29 柴田　勝美 Appareil de traitement thermique

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JP7176161B2 (ja) * 2018-08-27 2022-11-22 河原井 泰央 乾燥燃料チップの製造方法及び乾燥燃料チップ
CN111704917A (zh) * 2020-05-11 2020-09-25 光谷蓝焰(浏阳)新能源环保有限公司 一种含有温差发电装置的绞龙推进的卧式生物质热解炉
CN111704922A (zh) * 2020-05-11 2020-09-25 光谷蓝焰(浏阳)新能源环保有限公司 一种具有温差发电功能的绞龙推进的卧式生物质热解装置
KR102651638B1 (ko) * 2021-11-30 2024-03-29 한국에너지기술연구원 탄소저장을 위한 농업부산물을 이용한 바이오차 제조장치

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JP2004123992A (ja) * 2002-10-04 2004-04-22 Giken:Kk 炭化処理方法およびその炭化処理システム
WO2005063923A1 (fr) * 2003-12-08 2005-07-14 Intellectual Property Bank Corp. Appareil de carbonisation permettant de produire du charbon active
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Cited By (9)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2019081848A (ja) * 2017-10-31 2019-05-30 株式会社ワンワールド 炭化処理物の製造装置
SE1751453A1 (en) * 2017-11-27 2019-05-28 Valmet Oy System and method for treating biomass material
WO2019103674A1 (fr) * 2017-11-27 2019-05-31 Valmet Ab Système de nettoyage pour systèmes de manipulation de matériau de biomasse et procédés pour un tel système
US11565272B2 (en) 2017-11-27 2023-01-31 Valmet Ab System and method for treating biomass material
CN109052484A (zh) * 2018-10-25 2018-12-21 唐山学院 氧化铁粉除氯装置及其控制方法
CN109052484B (zh) * 2018-10-25 2024-02-23 唐山学院 氧化铁粉除氯装置及其控制方法
CN110527536A (zh) * 2019-10-14 2019-12-03 姚长利 生产木炭的方法及炭化炉
WO2021079619A1 (fr) * 2019-10-24 2021-04-29 柴田　勝美 Appareil de traitement thermique
US11407945B2 (en) 2019-10-24 2022-08-09 Katsumi Shibata Heat treatment apparatus

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