WO2017152594A1 - 结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔 - Google Patents

结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017152594A1
WO2017152594A1 PCT/CN2016/097188 CN2016097188W WO2017152594A1 WO 2017152594 A1 WO2017152594 A1 WO 2017152594A1 CN 2016097188 W CN2016097188 W CN 2016097188W WO 2017152594 A1 WO2017152594 A1 WO 2017152594A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tower
air
ice hockey
tower wall
freezing
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PCT/CN2016/097188
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴铎
张盛宇
廖振锴
吴张雄
肖杰
陈晓东
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苏州大学
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Application filed by 苏州大学 filed Critical 苏州大学
Priority to US15/541,763 priority Critical patent/US10436493B2/en
Publication of WO2017152594A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017152594A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
    • B01J2/02—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by dividing the liquid material into drops, e.g. by spraying, and solidifying the drops
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C1/00—Producing ice
    • F25C1/12—Producing ice by freezing water on cooled surfaces, e.g. to form slabs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
    • B01J2/02—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by dividing the liquid material into drops, e.g. by spraying, and solidifying the drops
    • B01J2/04—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by dividing the liquid material into drops, e.g. by spraying, and solidifying the drops in a gaseous medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C1/00—Producing ice
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a spray freezing apparatus, and more particularly to a spray freezing tower for controlling the formation of micron-sized ice hockey particles with controlled freezing temperature.
  • drying of materials can be divided into spray drying and freeze drying.
  • the traditional spray drying can not dry the heat sensitive material, so its application field is limited.
  • Freeze drying has the disadvantage of long drying time and high cost.
  • Spray freeze-drying has been researched and developed in view of the technical defects in the drying of the above materials.
  • the spray freeze drying is an emerging particle preparation technique that has been combined with spray drying and freeze drying in recent years. It has been successfully used in the field of protein, inhalable drugs and high value-added foods.
  • the spray freeze-drying process is divided into three stages of atomization, freezing and drying. Specifically, in the drying process, first, the material is atomized into fine droplets by an atomizer, and then frozen in contact with a refrigerant medium, and finally, vacuum freeze drying or fluidized bed drying is performed.
  • the droplets may be bumped when they contact the refrigerant medium.
  • the low-boiling refrigerant medium is wasted and the temperature of the refrigerant medium is uncontrollable. Thus, it has an adverse impact on the morphology and performance of the particles and the development of resource-saving strategies in China.
  • the present invention provides a spray freezing tower for controlling the production of micron-sized ice hockey particles with controlled freezing temperature to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.
  • a spray freezing tower for controlling the production of micron-sized ice hockey particles with controlled freezing temperature, comprising: Tower body, atomization system, feeding system, circulating air supply system, refrigeration system, tower wall cooling and insulation system;
  • the top of the tower body forms a storage chamber, the inside of the tower body forms a freezer compartment, and the bottom of the tower body forms a material collection chamber, and the storage chamber, the freezing chamber and the material collection chamber are connected;
  • the atomization system is in communication with the gas storage chamber, the feed system is in communication with the atomization system through a feed pipe, and the circulation air supply system is respectively coupled to the air through the circulation air return pipe and the air pipe
  • the bottom of the freezer compartment is in communication with a refrigeration system that is coupled to the wind storage chamber and the tower wall of the tower body, the tower wall cooling and insulation system being wrapped around the tower wall.
  • the tower body comprises a plurality of towers, and the plurality of towers are stacked and detachably formed to form the tower body.
  • the number of the towers is four, and the inner diameter of any of the towers is 360 mm, the outer diameter is 660 mm, and the height is 400mm.
  • the bottom of the gas storage chamber is provided with a plurality of holes through which the gas storage chamber passes and the freezing The rooms are connected.
  • the atomizing system comprises: an atomizer, an atomizing air duct and a rotameter;
  • An inlet of the atomizer is in communication with the feeding system, an outlet of the atomizer is located in the air storage chamber, and the rotameter is disposed on the atomizing air duct, the atomization A duct passes through the refrigeration system and is coupled to the atomizer, and an outlet of the atomizer is disposed toward the freezer compartment.
  • a shut-off valve and a dehumidifier are further provided at the inlet of the atomizing air duct.
  • the feeding system comprises: a pressure regulating valve, a pressure gauge, a tank and a filter;
  • a pressure regulating valve and a pressure gauge are disposed on the tank compressed air inlet pipe connected to the inlet of the tank, and the outlet of the tank is connected to the atomizing system through the feeding pipe.
  • the filter is disposed on the feed tube.
  • the circulating air supply system comprises: a fan, a frequency converter, and a controller;
  • the inlet of the fan is connected to the material collection chamber through a circulating air return pipe, the fan
  • the outlet is connected to the refrigeration system through a duct, and the frequency converter is disposed on a pipeline between the circulating air return pipe and the air duct, and the controller is disposed on the air duct.
  • the circulating air supply system further includes: an air volume adjusting valve and a flow rate measuring device, wherein the air volume adjusting valve is disposed at The flow rate measuring device is disposed on the duct between the circulating air return pipe and the air duct.
  • the refrigeration system comprises: a thermocouple, a cold air temperature control liquid bath, a tower wall temperature control liquid bath, a heat exchanger, Refrigeration unit and thermostat;
  • thermocouples are several, and a plurality of thermocouples are disposed in the freezing compartment and the refrigeration system;
  • the temperature controller, the refrigeration unit, the cold air temperature control liquid bath, the heat exchanger, and the thermocouple are sequentially connected in series to form a first closed loop control system, wherein the cold air temperature control liquid bath passes the cold air temperature in the first closed loop control system
  • the liquid control bath inlet pipe and the cold air temperature control liquid bath outlet pipe are in communication with the heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger is connected to the gas storage chamber through a circulating air inlet pipe;
  • the temperature controller, the refrigeration unit, the tower wall temperature control liquid bath, and the thermocouple are sequentially connected in series to form a second closed loop control system.
  • the tower wall temperature control liquid bath passes through the tower wall temperature control.
  • the liquid bath inlet pipe and the tower wall temperature control liquid bath outlet pipe are connected to the tower wall cooling and heat preservation system.
  • the icing temperature controllable spray freezing system for preparing micron-sized ice hockey particles further includes a display, Thermocouples are connected to the display.
  • the inside of the tower body and the tower wall are provided with a pressure measuring device and a pressure relief valve, and the pressure measuring device and the display Connected, the pressure relief valve has a preset pressure value, and the pressure relief valve automatically relieves pressure when the internal pressure of the tower body is equal to the preset pressure value.
  • the tower wall cooling and heat preservation system comprises: a heat exchange coil and a heat insulating material
  • the heat exchange coil is wound on the tower wall of the tower body, and the heat insulating material wraps the heat exchange coil, and the heat exchange coil is in communication with the refrigeration system.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the icing temperature of the invention is controlled by a circulating air supply system, a refrigeration system, a tower wall cooling and heat preservation system, and a cooling system for preparing micron-sized ice hockey particles.
  • a circulating air supply system a refrigeration system, a tower wall cooling and heat preservation system, and a cooling system for preparing micron-sized ice hockey particles.
  • Both the material system and the atomization system are capable of automatic control, easy operation and simple operation.
  • the icing temperature controlled by the icing temperature of the present invention is precisely controlled by a spray freezing tower for preparing micron-sized ice hockey particles, and the device can control different temperatures to manufacture ice hockey, save the use of the refrigerant and avoid the phenomenon of droplet boiling.
  • the occurrence of the spray freeze-drying is of great significance, suitable for research and development in laboratories and factories, and is widely used.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view showing the structure of a spray freezing tower for preparing micron-sized ice hockey particles with controlled icing temperature according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged schematic view of the air distribution plate of Figure 1;
  • Fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic view showing the direction A-A in Fig. 2;
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view showing the structure of a spray freezing tower for preparing micron-sized ice hockey particles with controlled icing temperature according to the present invention.
  • the spray freezing system for controlling the icing temperature control for preparing micron-sized ice hockey particles comprises: a tower body 10, an atomization system 20, a feeding system 30, a circulating air supply system 40, and a refrigeration system 50. , tower wall cooling and insulation system 60, display 70.
  • the top of the tower body 10 forms a plenum chamber 11, the inside of which forms a freezer compartment 12, and the bottom of the tower body 10 forms a material collection chamber 13.
  • the air storage chamber 11, the freezing chamber 12, and the material collection chamber 13 are in communication.
  • the cold air entering the freezing chamber 12 first enters into the air storage chamber 11, and the bottom of the air storage chamber 11 is provided with a plurality of holes 110, the air storage chamber
  • the freezer compartment 12 is in communication through the plurality of channels 110.
  • the plurality of cells 110 are evenly distributed at the bottom of the plenum 11 such that the bottom of the plenum 11 forms a ventilating plate 111.
  • the air distribution plate 111 is preferably circular.
  • a through hole 112 is defined in the center of the air, and the plurality of holes 110 are evenly distributed around the through hole 112.
  • the through hole 112 is used to place the atomizer 21.
  • the freezer compartment 12 is used to freeze the feed liquid entering it to form a solid spherical pellet.
  • the freezing compartment 12 is specifically formed by the internal space of the tower body 10.
  • the tower body 10 includes a plurality of towers 14 which are stacked and detachably constructed to form the tower body 10.
  • the tower body has the advantage of convenient installation and disassembly.
  • the number of the towers 14 is four, and any of the towers has an inner diameter of 360 mm, an outer diameter of 660 mm, and a height of 400 mm.
  • the material collection chamber 13 is used to collect solid spherical particles formed by freezing.
  • the material collection chamber 13 is located at the bottom of the tower body 10 and is in communication with the freezing chamber 12. Therefore, after the liquid is frozen into solid spherical particles, it is directly dropped into the material collection chamber 13 by gravity to collect.
  • the atomization system 20 is used for atomizing to form fine droplets, thereby facilitating subsequent freezing.
  • the atomization system 20 is in communication with the plenum 11 , and the atomization system 20 includes an atomizer 21 , an atomization duct 22 , and a rotameter 23 .
  • the inlet of the atomizer 21 is in communication with the feed system 30, the outlet of which is located in the plenum and is disposed towards the freezer compartment 12. Thus, through the feed of the feed system 30, fine droplets are formed by the atomizer 21.
  • the rotameter 23 is disposed on the atomizing duct 22 for controlling the flow rate of the gas inside the atomizing duct 22.
  • the atomizing duct 22 is further provided with a regulating valve 24, which is located on both sides of the rotameter 23.
  • the atomizing duct 22 is connected to the atomizer 21 via the refrigeration system 50. Therefore, while the atomizing air is supplied to the atomizer 21 through the atomizing air duct 22, the atomizing wind is first cooled by the refrigeration system 50, thereby entering the atomizing wind into the air storage chamber 11. The temperature is comparable to the temperature within the freezer compartment 12. Further, in the present invention, the atomizer 21 uses a fluid type nozzle, so that after the atomizing wind enters the atomizer 21, the liquid passing through the feed pipe 36 and the atomizer 21 is broken up to form a fine liquid. drop. Further, a shutoff valve 25 and a dehumidifier 26 are further provided at the inlet of the atomizing duct 22. The atomizing wind is dehumidified by the dehumidifier 26 and then enters the atomizer 21.
  • the feed system 30 is used to effect the supply of feedstock, the feed system 30 and the atomization System 20 is in communication through feed tube 36. To accomplish the above objectives, the feed liquid provided by the feed system 30 is atomized within the atomization system 20.
  • the feed system 30 includes a pressure regulating valve 31, a pressure gauge 32, a tank 33, and a filter 34.
  • the pressure regulating valve 31 and the pressure gauge 32 are disposed on the tank compressed air intake pipe 35 connected to the inlet of the tank 33. Thereby, the pressure of the compressed air in the tank compressed air intake pipe 35 can be adjusted by the pressure regulating valve 31, and the pressure of the compressed air in the tank compressed air intake pipe 35 can be read by the pressure gauge 32.
  • the outlet of the tank 33 is in communication with the atomization system 20 through a feed tube 36, which is disposed on the feed tube 36. Thus, the feed liquid entering the atomization system 20 can first be filtered through the filter 34.
  • the circulating air supply system 40 is used for circulating supply and utilization of cold air in the freezing compartment 12. To achieve the above object, the circulating air supply system 40 is in communication with the bottom of the freezing compartment 12 and the refrigeration system 50 through a circulating air return pipe 47 and a duct 48, respectively. Specifically, the circulating air supply system 40 includes a fan 41, a frequency converter 42, and a controller 43.
  • the inlet of the fan 41 communicates with the bottom of the freezing compartment 12 through the circulating air return pipe 47, so that the cold air reaching the bottom of the freezing compartment 12 is re-injected into the fan for recycling.
  • the outlet of the fan 41 is in communication with the refrigeration system 50 through the duct 48.
  • the frequency converter 42 is disposed on a pipeline between the circulating air return pipe 47 and the air duct 48, and the controller 43 is disposed on the air duct 48.
  • the circulating air supply system 40 further includes: an air volume adjusting valve 44, a flow rate measuring device 45, and a pressure gauge 48, wherein the air volume adjusting valve 44 is disposed between the circulating air return pipe 47 and the air duct 48.
  • the flow rate measuring device 45 is disposed on the air duct 48, and the pressure gauge 48 is installed in the freezing chamber 12.
  • a pressure measuring device 15 and a pressure relief valve are disposed inside the tower body 10, wherein the pressure measuring device 15 is connected to the display 70, so that the pressure measuring device 15 monitors the pressure change in the tower in real time, and the pressure is applied. Numerical values are displayed on the display 70 to ensure airtightness.
  • the pressure measuring device 15 is a pressure gauge.
  • the pressure relief valve has a preset pressure value, and the pressure relief valve automatically releases pressure when the internal pressure of the tower body is equal to the preset pressure value.
  • the controller 43 processes the flow signal value into a corresponding signal and transmits it to the air volume adjusting valve 44 by the preset flow rate.
  • the air volume adjusting valve 44 transmits the signal to the frequency converter 42, and the frequency converter 42 further
  • the numerical signal is converted into a frequency signal and sent to the fan 41, and the fan 41 pumps the air of the air flow to the refrigeration system 50 based on the frequency signal.
  • the flow rate measuring device 45 detects the outlet flow of the fan 41 and feeds back the signal to the controller 43 to adjust the air flow to a preset flow rate.
  • the refrigeration system 50 is used to cool the atomizing wind and the air pumped by the circulating air supply system 40, while the refrigeration system 50 is also used to provide a brine to the tower wall cooling and insulation system 60.
  • the refrigeration system 50 is coupled to the plenum chamber and the tower wall of the tower body 10, and the tower wall cooling and insulation system 60 is wrapped around the tower wall.
  • the refrigeration system 50 includes a thermocouple 51, a cold air temperature control liquid bath 52, a tower wall temperature control liquid bath 53, a heat exchanger 54, a refrigeration unit 55, and a temperature controller 56.
  • thermocouples 51 are several, and a plurality of thermocouples 51 are disposed in the freezing compartment 12 and the refrigeration system 50. Thus, a plurality of thermocouples 51 distributed in the freezing compartment 12 can detect the temperature value at the location. At the same time, the plurality of thermocouples 51 are connected to the display 70, so that the display 70 can display corresponding temperature values in real time.
  • the temperature controller 56, the refrigeration unit 55, the cold air temperature control liquid bath 52, the heat exchanger 54, and the thermocouple 51 are sequentially connected in series to form a first closed loop control system.
  • the first closed loop control system can effect cooling of the air pumped by the circulating air supply system 40.
  • the cold air temperature control liquid bath 52 communicates with the heat exchanger 54 through a cold air temperature control liquid bath inlet pipe 571 and a cold air temperature control liquid bath outlet pipe 572.
  • the heater 54 is in communication with the plenum 11 through a circulating air inlet pipe 541.
  • a cryopump 59 is further disposed between the cold air temperature control liquid bath 52 and the heat exchanger 54 , and the cold air temperature control liquid bath outlet pipe 572 is further provided with a shutoff valve 573 .
  • the thermostat 56 when the first closed-loop control system is in operation, the thermostat 56 is preset to circulate the cold air temperature, and the cold air temperature is adjustable from room temperature to -80 ° C.
  • the thermostat 56 converts the numerical signal into a corresponding signal for transmission to the refrigeration unit 55, and the refrigeration unit 55 is operatively cooled.
  • the cold air temperature control liquid bath 52 carries the refrigerant, and the brine is introduced into the heat exchanger 54 through the cold air temperature control liquid bath inlet pipe 571, and exchanges heat with the gas discharged from the outlet pipe of the circulating air supply system.
  • the brine is discharged through the cold air temperature control liquid bath outlet pipe 572 into the cold air temperature control liquid bath 52 and circulated again.
  • thermocouple 51 detects the temperature of the top air inlet of the freezing chamber 12, and feeds back the signal to the temperature controller 56.
  • the temperature controller 56 compares the preset temperature with the inlet air temperature. When the preset temperature is lower than the inlet air temperature, The refrigeration unit 55 continues to operate the cooling brine; when the preset temperature is higher than the inlet air temperature, the refrigeration unit 55 stops operating to achieve closed loop control.
  • the temperature controller 56, the refrigeration unit 55, the tower wall temperature control liquid bath 53, and the thermocouple 51 are sequentially connected in series to form a second closed loop control system.
  • the tower wall temperature control liquid bath 53 The tower wall temperature control liquid bath inlet pipe 581 and the tower wall temperature control liquid bath outlet pipe 582 are in communication with the tower wall cooling and heat preservation system 60.
  • a cryopump 59 is disposed between the tower wall temperature control liquid bath 53 and the tower wall cooling and heat preservation system 60, and the tower wall temperature control liquid bath inlet pipe
  • the thermocouple 51 is also provided on the 581.
  • a shut-off valve 583 is distributed on the tower wall temperature control liquid bath inlet pipe 581 and the tower wall temperature control liquid bath outlet pipe 582.
  • the thermostat 56 when the second closed loop control system is in operation, the thermostat 56 is preset to the tower wall temperature, and the tower wall temperature is adjustable from room temperature to -80 °C.
  • the thermostat 56 converts the numerical signal into a corresponding signal for transmission to the refrigeration unit 55, and the refrigeration unit 55 is operatively cooled.
  • the tower wall temperature control liquid bath 53 carries the refrigerant, and the brine is introduced into the tower wall cooling and heat preservation system through the tower wall temperature control liquid bath inlet pipe 581. At the same time, the brine is discharged through the tower wall temperature control liquid bath outlet pipe 582, and enters the cold air temperature control liquid bath 52 to circulate again.
  • thermocouple 51 detects the temperature of the freezing chamber tower wall and feeds back the signal to the temperature controller 56.
  • the temperature controller 56 compares the preset temperature with the tower wall temperature. When the preset temperature is lower than the tower wall temperature, the refrigeration unit 55 continues. Working cooling refrigerant; when the preset temperature is higher than the tower wall temperature, the refrigeration unit 55 stops working to achieve closed-loop control.
  • the tower wall cooling and insulation system 60 is for maintaining a temperature environment inside the freezing compartment 12.
  • the tower wall cooling and heat preservation system 60 includes a heat exchange coil 61 and a heat insulating material 62.
  • the heat exchange coil 61 is wound around the tower wall of the tower body 10. At the same time, the brine passing through the tower wall temperature control liquid bath 23 is input through the inlet end of the heat exchange coil 61, and the outlet end flows out. Thus, the refrigeration system 50 provides a brine to the tower wall cooling and insulation system 60.
  • the heat insulating material wraps the heat exchange coil, whereby the cold environment inside the freezing chamber 12 is manufactured by the heat exchange coil 61 and the heat insulating material 62 in cooperation. At this time, the entire outer diameter of the tower body 10 is 660 mm.
  • the spray freezing system of the present invention for controlling the formation temperature of the micron-sized ice hockey particles with the icing temperature of the present invention completes the spray freezing of the liquid liquid as follows:
  • the temperature controller in the refrigeration system sets the cold air temperature and the tower wall temperature respectively, sets the cold air temperature and the tower wall temperature to be compatible with the air flow, starts the refrigeration system, and controls the refrigeration system, the refrigeration unit, and the cold air temperature control liquid. Under the closed-loop control of the bath, thermocouple, heat exchanger and thermocouple, the heat exchanger inputs the set cold air to the wind chamber; in the thermostat, the refrigeration unit, the temperature control liquid bath of the tower wall, and the closed loop control of the thermocouple Under the action, the tower wall temperature control liquid bath delivers the set temperature of alcohol to the tower wall coil, so that the tower wall reaches the set temperature;
  • the circulating air supply system, the refrigeration system, the tower wall cooling and insulation system, the feeding system and the atomization system of the spray freezing tower which is controlled by the icing temperature of the invention for preparing micron-sized ice hockey particles can be realized. Automated control, easy to operate and easy to run.
  • the icing temperature controlled by the icing temperature of the present invention is precisely controlled by a spray freezing tower for preparing micron-sized ice hockey particles, and the device can control different temperatures to manufacture ice hockey, save the use of the refrigerant and avoid the phenomenon of droplet boiling.
  • the occurrence of the spray freeze-drying is of great significance, suitable for research and development in laboratories and factories, and is widely used.

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Abstract

一种结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔，包括：塔体（10）、雾化系统（20）、进料系统（30）、循环供风系统（40）、制冷系统（50）、塔壁冷却保温系统（60）；塔体（10）的顶部形成储风腔（11），塔体（10）的内部形成冷冻室（12），塔体（10）的底部形成物料收集室（13），储风腔（11）、冷冻室（12）、物料收集室（13）相连通；雾化系统（20）与储风腔（11）相连通，进料系统（30）与雾化系统（20）通过进料管（36）相连通，循环供风系统（40）通过循环风回管（47）和风管（48）分别与冷冻室（12）的底部和制冷系统（50）相连通，制冷系统（50）与储风腔（11）和塔体（10）的塔壁相连接，塔壁冷却保温系统（60）包裹于塔壁上。

Description

结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔
本申请要求2016年03月09日提交中国专利局、申请号为201610133187.1、发明名称为“结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔”的发明专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种喷雾冷冻装置，特别是涉及一种结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔。
背景技术
目前，对于物料的干燥可分为喷雾干燥和冷冻干燥。其中，传统的喷雾干燥无法针对热敏性物料进行干燥，从而其应用领域有限。而冷冻干燥则具有干燥时间长、成本高的缺点。
针对上述物料干燥中存在的技术缺陷，喷雾冷冻干燥得到了研究和发展。所述喷雾冷冻干燥是近年来结合喷雾干燥与冷冻干燥的新兴颗粒制备技术。并已在蛋白方面，可吸入性药物及高附加值食品行业成功利用。
其中，喷雾冷冻干燥过程分为雾化、冷冻及干燥三个阶段。具体地，干燥过程中，首先，通过雾化器将物料雾化成细小的液滴，再与致冷媒介接触冷冻，最后，进行真空冷冻干燥或流化床干燥。
但是，在现有的喷雾冷冻干燥过程中，液滴在接触致冷媒介时会出现爆沸现象，此外，还存在低沸点的致冷媒介挥发浪费及致冷媒介温度无法控制的缺点。从而，对颗粒的形貌与性能及我国发展资源节约型战略造成不利的影响。
因此，针对上述问题，有必要提出进一步的解决方案。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔，以克服现有技术中存在的不足。
为了实现上述目的，本发明实施例提供的技术方案如下：
一种结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔，其包括： 塔体、雾化系统、进料系统、循环供风系统、制冷系统、塔壁冷却保温系统；
所述塔体的顶部形成储风腔，所述塔体的内部形成冷冻室，所述塔体的底部形成物料收集室，所述储风腔、冷冻室、物料收集室相连通；
所述雾化系统与所述储风腔相连通，所述进料系统与所述雾化系统通过进料管相连通，所述循环供风系统通过循环风回管和风管分别与所述冷冻室的底部和制冷系统相连通，所述制冷系统与所述储风腔和塔体的塔壁相连接，所述塔壁冷却保温系统包裹于所述塔壁上。
作为本发明的结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔的改进，所述塔体包括若干塔筒，所述若干塔筒层叠设置，并可拆卸地搭建形成所述塔体。
作为本发明的结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔的改进，所述塔筒的数量为四个，任一塔筒的内径为360mm，外径为660mm，高为400mm。
作为本发明的结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔的改进，所述储风腔的底部设置有若干孔道，所述储风腔通过所述若干孔道与所述冷冻室相连通。
作为本发明的结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔的改进，所述雾化系统包括：雾化器、雾化风管及转子流量计；
所述雾化器的进口与所述进料系统相连通，所述雾化器的出口位于所述储风腔中，所述转子流量计设置于所述雾化风管上，所述雾化风管经过所述制冷系统，与所述雾化器相连接，且所述雾化器的出口朝向所述冷冻室设置。
作为本发明的结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔的改进，所述雾化风管的进口处还设置有截止阀和除湿器。
作为本发明的结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔的改进，所述进料系统包括：调压阀、压力表、料罐和过滤器；
与所述料罐的进口相连接的料罐压缩空气进气管上设置有所述调压阀和压力表，所述料罐的出口通过所述进料管与所述雾化系统相连通，所述过滤器设置于所述进料管上。
作为本发明的结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔的改进，所述循环供风系统包括：风机、变频器、控制器；
所述风机的进口通过循环风回管与所述物料收集室相连通，所述风机 的出口通过风管与所述制冷系统相连通，所述变频器设置于所述循环风回管和风管之间的管路上，所述控制器设置于所述风管上。
作为本发明的结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔的改进，所述循环供风系统还包括：风量调节阀和流速测定器，所述风量调节阀设置于所述循环风回管和风管之间的管路上，所述流速测定器设置于所述风管上。
作为本发明的结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔的改进，所述制冷系统包括：热电偶、冷风温控液浴槽、塔壁温控液浴槽、换热器、制冷单元以及温控器；
所述热电偶为若干个，若干个热电偶设置于所述冷冻室和制冷系统中；
所述温控器、制冷单元、冷风温控液浴槽、换热器、热电偶顺序串联，形成第一闭环控制系统，所述第一闭环控制系统中，所述冷风温控液浴槽通过冷风温控液浴槽进液管和冷风温控液浴槽出液管与所述换热器相连通，所述换热器通过循环风进口管与所述储风腔相连通；
所述温控器、制冷单元、塔壁温控液浴槽、热电偶顺序串联，形成第二闭环控制系统，所述第二闭环控制系统中，所述塔壁温控液浴槽通过塔壁温控液浴槽进液管和塔壁温控液浴槽出液管与所述塔壁冷却保温系统相连通。
作为本发明的结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔的改进，所述结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔还包括显示器，所述若干个热电偶与所述显示器相连接。
作为本发明的结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔的改进，所述塔体内部和塔壁设置测压装置及泄压阀，所述测压装置与所述显示器相连接，所述泄压阀具有预设压力值，当塔体内部压力等于所述预设压力值时，所述泄压阀自动泄压。
作为本发明的结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔的改进，所述塔壁冷却保温系统包括：换热盘管和保温材料；
所述换热盘管缠绕于所述塔体的塔壁上，所述保温材料包裹所述换热盘管，所述换热盘管与所述制冷系统相连通。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：本发明的结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔中循环供风系统、制冷系统、塔壁冷却保温系统、进料系统及雾化系统均能够实现自动化控制，方便操作，运行简单。
此外，本发明的结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔控制精确，利用该设备可以控制不同温度来制造出冰球，节约致冷剂的使用以及避免液滴爆沸现象的发生，对喷雾冷冻干燥的发展具有重要的意义，适用于实验室及工厂的研发，应用广泛。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明中记载的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明的结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔的平面结构示意图；
图2为图1中布风板的放大示意图；
图3为图2中A-A方向的放大示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明中的技术方案，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
图1为本发明的结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔的平面结构示意图。
结合图1所示，所述结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔包括：塔体10、雾化系统20、进料系统30、循环供风系统40、制冷系统50、塔壁冷却保温系统60、显示器70。
所述塔体10的顶部形成储风腔11，所述塔体10的内部形成冷冻室12，所述塔体10的底部形成物料收集室13。其中，所述储风腔11、冷冻室12、物料收集室13相连通。
配合参照图2、3所示，具体地，进入到冷冻室12中的冷风首先进入到储风腔11中，所述储风腔11的底部设置有若干孔道110，所述储风腔 通过所述若干孔道110与所述冷冻室12相连通。所述若干孔道110均匀分布于所述储风腔11的底部，从而，储风腔11的底部形成布风板111。该布风板111优选为圆形，此时，其圆心位置开设有一通孔112，所述若干孔道110均匀分布于所述通孔112的四周。其中，通孔112用于放置雾化器21。
所述冷冻室12用于对进入其中的料液进行冷冻，使之形成冷冻成固体球状颗粒。所述冷冻室12具体由所述塔体10的内部空间形成。其中，所述塔体10包括若干塔筒14，所述若干塔筒14层叠设置，并可拆卸地搭建形成所述塔体10。从而，塔体具有安装拆卸方便的优点。优选地，所述塔筒14的数量为四个，任一塔筒的内径为360mm，外径为660mm，高为400mm。
所述物料收集室13用于收集冷冻形成的固体球状颗粒。所述物料收集室13位于所述塔体10的底部，并与所述冷冻室12相连通。从而，料液冷冻成固体球状颗粒后，在重力的作用下，直接掉落至所述物料收集室13中进行收集。
所述雾化系统20用于来料进行雾化，使之形成细小的液滴，从而，便于后续冷冻的进行。具体地，所述雾化系统20与所述储风腔11相连通，所述雾化系统20包括：雾化器21、雾化风管22及转子流量计23。
所述雾化器21的进口与所述进料系统30相连通，所述雾化器21的出口位于所述储风腔中，并朝向所述冷冻室12设置。从而，经所述进料系统30的来料，在所述雾化器21的作用下，形成细小的液滴。所述转子流量计23设置于所述雾化风管22上，其用于控制所述雾化风管22内部气体的流量。此外，所述雾化风管22上还设置有调节阀24，所述调节阀24位于所述转子流量计23的两侧。
所述雾化风管22经过所述制冷系统50，与所述雾化器21相连接。从而，通过所述雾化风管22向所述雾化器21提供雾化风的同时，雾化风首先经过所述制冷系统50冷却，从而进入到所述储风腔11中的雾化风的温度与所述冷冻室12内的温度相当。进一步地，本发明中，雾化器21采用流体式喷嘴，从而，雾化风进入到雾化器21后，将经过进料管36及雾化器21的料液打散，形成细小的液滴。此外，所述雾化风管22的进口处还设置有截止阀25和除湿器26。通过所述除湿器26使得雾化风除湿后进入雾化器21中。
所述进料系统30用于实现料液的供给，所述进料系统30与所述雾化 系统20通过进料管36相连通。为实现上述目的，所述进料系统30提供的料液在所述雾化系统20内进行雾化。具体地，所述进料系统30包括：调压阀31、压力表32、料罐33和过滤器34。
与所述料罐33的进口相连接的料罐压缩空气进气管35上设置有所述调压阀31和压力表32。从而，通过所述调压阀31可调节所述料罐压缩空气进气管35内压缩空气的压力，且所述料罐压缩空气进气管35内压缩空气的压力可通过压力表32读取。所述料罐33的出口通过进料管36与所述雾化系统20相连通，所述过滤器34设置于所述进料管36上。从而，进入到雾化系统20中的料液可首先经过过滤器34过滤。
所述循环供风系统40用于所述冷冻室12冷风的循环供给和利用。为实现上述目的，所述循环供风系统40通过循环风回管47和风管48分别与所述冷冻室12的底部和制冷系统50相连通。具体地，所述循环供风系统40包括：风机41、变频器42、控制器43。
所述风机41的进口通过所述循环风回管47与所述冷冻室12的底部相连通，从而，到达冷冻室12底部的冷风重新泵入风机进行循环利用。同时，所述风机41的出口通过所述风管48与所述制冷系统50相连通。所述变频器42设置于所述循环风回管47和风管48之间的管路上，所述控制器43设置于所述风管48上。
此外，所述循环供风系统40还包括：风量调节阀44、流速测定器45和压力表48，其中，所述风量调节阀44设置于所述循环风回管47和风管48之间的管路上，所述流速测定器45设置于所述风管48上，所述压料表48安装于所述冷冻室12中。
所述塔体10内部设置测压装置15和泄压阀，其中，所述测压装置15与所述显示器70相连接，从而，所述测压装置15实时监控塔内压力变化，并将压力数值显示在所述显示器70上，保证密闭性。优选地，所述测压装置15为压力表。所述泄压阀具有预设压力值，当塔体内部压力等于所述预设压力值时，所述泄压阀自动泄压。
所述循环供风系统40工作时，通过预设流量，控制器43将该流量信号数值处理成相应信号传输给风量调节阀44，风量调节阀44将信号传输给变频器42，变频器42进一步将该数值信号转换成频率信号发送给风机41，风机41根据频率信号泵送该空气流量的空气到达制冷系统50。流速测定器45检测风机41出口流量并将信号反馈给控制器43，调节空气流量达到预设流量。
所述制冷系统50用于将雾化风以及所述循环供风系统40泵送的空气进行冷却，同时，所述制冷系统50还用于向所述塔壁冷却保温系统60提供载冷剂。为实现上述目的，所述制冷系统50与所述储风腔和塔体10的塔壁相连接，所述塔壁冷却保温系统60包裹于所述塔壁上。具体地，所述制冷系统50包括：热电偶51、冷风温控液浴槽52、塔壁温控液浴槽53、换热器54、制冷单元55以及温控器56。
所述热电偶51为若干个，若干个热电偶51设置于所述冷冻室12和制冷系统50中。从而，所述冷冻室12中分布若干个热电偶51可检测所在位置处的温度值。同时，所述若干个热电偶51与所述显示器70相连接，从而，所述显示器70可实时显示相应的温度值。
所述温控器56、制冷单元55、冷风温控液浴槽52、换热器54、热电偶51顺序串联，形成第一闭环控制系统。该第一闭环控制系统可实现将所述循环供风系统40泵送的空气进行冷却。所述第一闭环控制系统中，所述冷风温控液浴槽52通过冷风温控液浴槽进液管571和冷风温控液浴槽出液管572与所述换热器54相连通，所述换热器54通过循环风进口管541与所述储风腔11相连通。此外，所述冷风温控液浴槽52与所述换热器54之间还设置有低温泵59，所述冷风温控液浴槽出液管572还设置有截止阀573。
从而，所述第一闭环控制系统工作时，所述温控器56通过预设循环冷风温度，冷风温度在室温至-80℃内可调。所述温控器56将数值信号转换成相应信号传输给制冷单元55，制冷单元55工作循环制冷。冷风温控液浴槽52内载冷剂，并将载冷剂通过冷风温控液浴槽进液管571进入换热器54，与循环供风系统出口管内排出的气体进行热交换。同时，载冷剂通过冷风温控液浴槽出液管572排出进入冷风温控液浴槽52再次循环。
进一步地，所述热电偶51检测冷冻室12顶部进风口温度，并将信号反馈给温控器56，温控器56比较预设温度与进风温度，当预设温度低于进风温度，制冷单元55继续工作制冷载冷剂；当预设温度高于进风温度，制冷单元55停止工作，实现闭环控制。
所述温控器56、制冷单元55、塔壁温控液浴槽53、热电偶51顺序串联，形成第二闭环控制系统，所述第二闭环控制系统中，所述塔壁温控液浴槽53通过塔壁温控液浴槽进液管581和塔壁温控液浴槽出液管582与所述塔壁冷却保温系统60相连通。此外，所述塔壁温控液浴槽53与所述塔壁冷却保温系统60之间还设置有低温泵59，所述塔壁温控液浴槽进液管 581上还设置有所述热电偶51。同时，所述塔壁温控液浴槽进液管581和塔壁温控液浴槽出液管582上分布有截止阀583。
从而，所述第二闭环控制系统工作时，所述温控器56通过预设塔壁温度，塔壁温度在室温至-80℃内可调。所述温控器56将数值信号转换成相应信号传输给制冷单元55，制冷单元55工作循环制冷。塔壁温控液浴槽53内载冷剂，并将载冷剂通过塔壁温控液浴槽进液管581进入塔壁冷却保温系统内。同时，载冷剂通过塔壁温控液浴槽出液管582排出，进入冷风温控液浴槽52再次循环。
进一步地，热电偶51检测冷冻室塔壁温度，并将信号反馈给温控器56，温控器56比较预设温度与塔壁温度，当预设温度低于塔壁温度，制冷单元55继续工作制冷载冷剂；当预设温度高于塔壁温度，制冷单元55停止工作，实现闭环控制。
所述塔壁冷却保温系统60用于保持冷冻室12内部的温度环境。具体地，所述塔壁冷却保温系统60包括：换热盘管61和保温材料62。
所述换热盘管61缠绕于所述塔体10的塔壁上，同时，经过塔壁温控液浴槽23的载冷剂通过换热盘管61进口端输入，出口端流出。从而，所述制冷系统50向所述塔壁冷却保温系统60提供载冷剂。所述保温材料包裹所述换热盘管，从而，通过换热盘管61和保温材料62协同作用制造冷冻室12内部的冷环境。此时，整个塔体10的外径为660mm。
从而，本发明的结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔按照如下步骤完成料液的喷雾冷冻：
S1、打开料罐顶部料罐盖，将实验料液倒入料罐，然后密封固定料罐与料罐盖，开启压缩空气阀门，调节符合此物料的料罐压缩空气进气管内压力参数，料液将从进料管进入雾化器；
S2、在循环供风系统中的控制器内设置符合此物料的空气流量参数，同时打开控制器、变频器和风机，等待封闭循环风系统内空气流量稳定；
S3、在制冷系统中的温控器分别设定冷风温度和塔壁温度，设定冷风温度和塔壁温度与空气流量相适应，启动制冷系统，在温控器、制冷单元、冷风温控液浴槽、热电偶、换热器和热电偶闭环控制作用下，换热器给储风腔输入送设定温度的冷风；在温控器、制冷单元、塔壁温控液浴槽、热电偶闭环控制作用下，塔壁温控液浴槽给塔壁盘管输送所设定温度的酒精，使塔壁达到所设定的温度；
S4、打开雾化风管，控制转子流流量计，调节符合此物料的雾化风管 内压缩空气的流量参数；
S5、经过雾化器的料液分散成细小的液滴之后，落入冷冻室，最终落至冷冻室底部收集。
综上所述，本发明的结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔中循环供风系统、制冷系统、塔壁冷却保温系统、进料系统及雾化系统均能够实现自动化控制，方便操作，运行简单。
此外，本发明的结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔控制精确，利用该设备可以控制不同温度来制造出冰球，节约致冷剂的使用以及避免液滴爆沸现象的发生，对喷雾冷冻干燥的发展具有重要的意义，适用于实验室及工厂的研发，应用广泛。
对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。不应将权利要求中的任何附图标记视为限制所涉及的权利要求。
此外，应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔，其特征在于，所述喷雾冷冻塔包括：塔体、雾化系统、进料系统、循环供风系统、制冷系统、塔壁冷却保温系统；
    所述塔体的顶部形成储风腔，所述塔体的内部形成冷冻室，所述塔体的底部形成物料收集室，所述储风腔、冷冻室、物料收集室相连通；
    所述雾化系统与所述储风腔相连通，所述进料系统与所述雾化系统通过进料管相连通，所述循环供风系统通过循环风回管和风管分别与所述冷冻室的底部和制冷系统相连通，所述制冷系统与所述储风腔和塔体的塔壁相连接，所述塔壁冷却保温系统包裹于所述塔壁上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔，其特征在于，所述塔体包括若干塔筒，所述若干塔筒层叠设置，并可拆卸地搭建形成所述塔体。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔，其特征在于，所述塔筒的数量为四个，任一塔筒的内径为360mm，外径为660mm，高为400mm。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔，其特征在于，所述储风腔的底部设置有若干孔道，所述储风腔通过所述若干孔道与所述冷冻室相连通。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔，其特征在于，所述雾化系统包括：雾化器、雾化风管及转子流量计；
    所述雾化器的进口与所述进料系统相连通，所述雾化器的出口位于所述储风腔中，所述转子流量计设置于所述雾化风管上，所述雾化风管经过所述制冷系统，与所述雾化器相连接，且所述雾化器的出口朝向所述冷冻室设置。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔，其特征在于，所述雾化风管的进口处还设置有截止阀和除湿器。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔，其特征在于，所述进料系统包括：调压阀、压力表、料罐和过滤器；
    与所述料罐的进口相连接的料罐压缩空气进气管上设置有所述调压阀 和压力表，所述料罐的出口通过所述进料管与所述雾化系统相连通，所述过滤器设置于所述进料管上。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔，其特征在于，所述循环供风系统包括：风机、变频器、控制器；
    所述风机的进口通过循环风回管与所述物料收集室相连通，所述风机的出口通过风管与所述制冷系统相连通，所述变频器设置于所述循环风回管和风管之间的管路上，所述控制器设置于所述风管上。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔，其特征在于，所述循环供风系统还包括：风量调节阀和流速测定器，所述风量调节阀设置于所述循环风回管和风管之间的管路上，所述流速测定器设置于所述风管上。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔，其特征在于，所述制冷系统包括：热电偶、冷风温控液浴槽、塔壁温控液浴槽、换热器、制冷单元以及温控器；
    所述热电偶为若干个，若干个热电偶设置于所述冷冻室和制冷系统中；
    所述温控器、制冷单元、冷风温控液浴槽、换热器、热电偶顺序串联，形成第一闭环控制系统，所述第一闭环控制系统中，所述冷风温控液浴槽通过冷风温控液浴槽进液管和冷风温控液浴槽出液管与所述换热器相连通，所述换热器通过循环风进口管与所述储风腔相连通；
    所述温控器、制冷单元、塔壁温控液浴槽、热电偶顺序串联，形成第二闭环控制系统，所述第二闭环控制系统中，所述塔壁温控液浴槽通过塔壁温控液浴槽进液管和塔壁温控液浴槽出液管与所述塔壁冷却保温系统相连通。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔，其特征在于，所述结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔还包括显示器，所述若干个热电偶与所述显示器相连接。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔，其特征在于，所述塔体内部和塔壁设置测压装置及泄压阀，所述测压装置与所述显示器相连接，所述泄压阀具有预设压力值，当塔体内部压力等于所述预设压力值时，所述泄压阀自动泄压。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的结冰温度可控的用于制备微米级冰球颗粒的喷雾冷冻塔，其特征在于，所述塔壁冷却保温系统包括：换热盘管和保 温材料；
    所述换热盘管缠绕于所述塔体的塔壁上，所述保温材料包裹所述换热盘管，所述换热盘管与所述制冷系统相连通。
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