WO2017150375A1 - 画像表示装置 - Google Patents
画像表示装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017150375A1 WO2017150375A1 PCT/JP2017/007096 JP2017007096W WO2017150375A1 WO 2017150375 A1 WO2017150375 A1 WO 2017150375A1 JP 2017007096 W JP2017007096 W JP 2017007096W WO 2017150375 A1 WO2017150375 A1 WO 2017150375A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- plate
- display device
- image display
- film
- stretching
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
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- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
- G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133634—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation the refractive index Nz perpendicular to the element surface being different from in-plane refractive indices Nx and Ny, e.g. biaxial or with normal optical axis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/02—Details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/8791—Arrangements for improving contrast, e.g. preventing reflection of ambient light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133638—Waveplates, i.e. plates with a retardation value of lambda/n
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
- G02F2413/06—Two plates on one side of the LC cell
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
- G02F2413/12—Biaxial compensators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/86—Arrangements for improving contrast, e.g. preventing reflection of ambient light
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an image display device.
- An image of an image display device such as a liquid crystal display device may be displayed by linearly polarized light.
- the liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal cell and a linear polarizer, an image of the liquid crystal display device is displayed by linearly polarized light that has passed through the linear polarizer.
- an image displayed by linearly polarized light becomes dark when viewed through polarized sunglasses and may not be visible.
- the vibration direction of the linearly polarized light for displaying the image and the polarization absorption axis of the polarized sunglasses are parallel, the linearly polarized light cannot pass through the polarized sunglasses, so that the image cannot be visually recognized.
- the vibration direction of linearly polarized light means the vibration direction of the electric field of linearly polarized light.
- Patent Document 6 there is known a retardation film technique in which the slow axis direction is an in-plane direction of a film and exists in an oblique direction that is neither perpendicular nor parallel to the width direction of the film. .
- the present inventor prepared a broadband ⁇ / 4 plate in which a ⁇ / 4 plate and a ⁇ / 2 plate are combined, and provided the broadband ⁇ / 4 plate in an image display device so that an image passed through polarized sunglasses could be transmitted. Tried to improve visibility. As a result, when the image display apparatus is viewed from the front direction of the display surface, excellent visibility is realized.
- the visibility of the image through the polarized sunglasses is poor.
- the color difference ⁇ E * ab between the chromaticity of the image viewed through the polarized sunglasses from the tilt direction of the display surface and the chromaticity of the image viewed through the polarized sunglasses from the tilt direction of the display surface was large. .
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an image display device capable of improving the visibility of an image viewed through polarized sunglasses from the tilt direction of the display surface.
- the present inventor has, from the viewing side, a ⁇ / 4 plate, a ⁇ / 2 plate, a linear polarizer, and an image display element in this order, and the NZ coefficient of the ⁇ / 2 plate. It has been found that an image display device having NZh in a predetermined range can improve the visibility of an image viewed through polarized sunglasses from the tilt direction of the display surface, and the present invention has been completed. That is, the present invention is as follows.
- the image display device of the present invention can improve the visibility of an image viewed through polarized sunglasses from the tilt direction of the display surface.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a liquid crystal display device as an image display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of an organic EL display device as an image display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view schematically showing the relationship between the ⁇ / 4 plate, the ⁇ / 2 plate, and the linear polarizer in the image display apparatus as an example of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view schematically showing a state of an evaluation model set when calculating chromaticity in simulations in Examples and Comparative Examples.
- the “long” film means a film having a length of 5 times or more, preferably 10 times or more, and specifically a roll.
- the upper limit of the length of the long film is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, 100,000 times or less with respect to the width.
- the NZ coefficient of the film is a value represented by (nx ⁇ nz) / (nx ⁇ ny) and can be calculated by 0.5 + Rth / Re unless otherwise specified.
- nx represents a refractive index in a direction (in-plane direction) perpendicular to the thickness direction of the film and giving the maximum refractive index.
- ny represents the refractive index in the in-plane direction of the film and perpendicular to the nx direction.
- nz represents the refractive index in the thickness direction of the film.
- d represents the thickness of the film. The measurement wavelength is 590 nm unless otherwise specified.
- a resin having a positive intrinsic birefringence value means a resin in which the refractive index in the stretching direction is larger than the refractive index in the direction perpendicular thereto unless otherwise specified.
- a resin having a negative intrinsic birefringence value means a resin whose refractive index in the stretching direction is smaller than the refractive index in the direction perpendicular thereto unless otherwise specified.
- the intrinsic birefringence value can be calculated from the dielectric constant distribution.
- the slow axis of the film represents the slow axis in the plane of the film.
- the slanting direction of the long film indicates the in-plane direction of the film, which is neither parallel nor perpendicular to the width direction of the film.
- the front direction of a surface means the normal direction of the surface, and specifically refers to the direction of the polar angle 0 ° and the azimuth angle 0 ° of the surface.
- the inclination direction of a surface means a direction that is neither parallel nor perpendicular to the surface, specifically, a range in which the polar angle of the surface is greater than 0 ° and less than 90 °. Pointing in the direction.
- the directions of the elements “parallel”, “vertical”, and “orthogonal” include errors within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention, for example, ⁇ 5 °, unless otherwise specified. You may go out.
- polarizing plate “ ⁇ / 2 plate” and “ ⁇ / 4 plate” are not limited to rigid members, unless otherwise specified, such as a resin film. The member which has is also included.
- the angles formed by the optical axes (polarization absorption axis, polarization transmission axis, slow axis, etc.) of each film in a member having a plurality of films are viewed from the thickness direction unless otherwise noted. Represents the angle of time.
- the image display device of the present invention includes a ⁇ / 4 plate, a ⁇ / 2 plate, a linear polarizer, and an image display element in this order from the viewing side.
- image display devices There are various types of image display devices depending on the type of the image display element, but typical examples include a liquid crystal display device and an organic electroluminescence display device.
- organic electroluminescence may be referred to as “organic EL” as appropriate.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a liquid crystal display device as an image display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the liquid crystal display device 100 includes a light source 110; a light source side linear polarizer 120, a liquid crystal cell 130 as an image display element, and a viewing side linear polarizer 140; A broadband ⁇ / 4 plate 180 including two plates 160 and a ⁇ / 4 plate 170 in this order. Therefore, the liquid crystal display device 100 includes the ⁇ / 4 plate 170, the ⁇ / 2 plate 160, the viewing side linear polarizer 140, the liquid crystal cell 130, the light source side linear polarizer 120, and the light source 110 in this order from the viewing side.
- an image is displayed by light emitted from the light source 110 and passed through the light source side linear polarizer 120, the liquid crystal cell 130, the viewing side linear polarizer 140, and the broadband ⁇ / 4 plate 180.
- the light for displaying an image is linearly polarized when it passes through the viewing-side linear polarizer 140, but is converted into circularly polarized light by passing through the broadband ⁇ / 4 plate 180. Therefore, in the liquid crystal display device 100, an image is displayed by circularly polarized light. Therefore, when viewed through the polarized sunglasses from the front direction, the image can be visually recognized.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of an organic EL display device as an image display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the organic EL display device 200 includes an organic EL element 210 as an image display element; a circularly polarizing plate 240 including a ⁇ / 4 plate 220 and a linear polarizer 230; and a ⁇ / 2 plate 250 and ⁇ .
- the circularly polarizing plate 240 is usually provided in order to suppress glare of the display surface due to reflection of external light. Specifically, only a part of the linearly polarized light passes through the linear polarizer 230 and then passes through the ⁇ / 4 plate 220 to become circularly polarized light. Circularly polarized light is reflected by a component (such as a reflective electrode (not shown) in the organic EL element 210) that reflects light in the display device, passes through the ⁇ / 4 plate 220 again, and enters linearly polarized light. The linearly polarized light having a vibration direction orthogonal to the vibration direction of the linearly polarized light 230 and does not pass through the linear polarizer 230.
- a component such as a reflective electrode (not shown) in the organic EL element 210
- an antireflection function is achieved (for the principle of antireflection in an organic EL display device, see Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-12785).
- the organic EL display device 200 using a single member as the ⁇ / 4 plate 220 is shown.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate 220 a ⁇ / 2 plate and a ⁇ / 4 plate are used.
- a combined broadband ⁇ / 4 plate may be used.
- an image is displayed by light emitted from the organic EL element 210 and passed through the ⁇ / 4 plate 220, the linear polarizer 230, and the broadband ⁇ / 4 plate 270. Therefore, the light for displaying an image is linearly polarized when it passes through the linear polarizer 230, but is converted into circularly polarized light by passing through the broadband ⁇ / 4 plate 270. Therefore, in the organic EL display device 200, an image is displayed by circularly polarized light. Therefore, when viewed through the polarized sunglasses from the front direction, the image can be visually recognized.
- the ⁇ / 2 plates 160 and 250 included in the broadband ⁇ / 4 plates 180 and 270 have a predetermined range of NZ coefficients NZh.
- the specific NZ coefficient NZh of the ⁇ / 2 plates 160 and 250 is usually 1.5 or more, preferably 1.6 or more, more preferably 2.0 or more, particularly preferably 2.2 or more, preferably 3 0.5 or less, more preferably 3.0 or less, and particularly preferably 2.8 or less.
- the tilt direction of the display surface of the image display device (for example, the display surface 100U of the liquid crystal display device 100 and the display surface 200U of the organic EL display device 200). Therefore, the visibility of the image viewed through the polarized sunglasses can be improved. Specifically, when viewed from the tilt direction of the display surface, the color difference ⁇ E * ab between the chromaticity of the image seen through the polarized sunglasses and the chromaticity of the image seen through the polarized sunglasses can be reduced. Thus, the small color difference ⁇ E * ab indicates that an image viewed through the polarized sunglasses can be reproduced well in an image viewed through the polarized sunglasses. Therefore, when the color difference ⁇ E * ab can be reduced in this way, the display quality when viewed from the tilt direction of the display surface through the polarized sunglasses can be improved.
- the chromaticity is obtained by measuring a spectrum of light for displaying an image and multiplying the spectrum by a spectral sensitivity (color matching function) corresponding to the human eye to obtain tristimulus values X, Y and Z. It can be obtained by calculating (a *, b *, L *). Further, the color difference ⁇ E * ab is the chromaticity when viewed through polarized sunglasses (a0 *, b0 *, L0 *) and the chromaticity when viewed through polarized sunglasses (a1 *, b1 *). , L1 *) from the following equation (1).
- the polarization state of light for displaying an image may vary depending on the azimuth angle. Therefore, when viewed through polarized sunglasses from the tilt direction of the display surface, the measured chromaticity can differ depending on the azimuth angle, so the color difference ⁇ E * ab can also vary. Therefore, when evaluating the visibility of an image viewed through polarized sunglasses from the tilt direction of the display surface as described above, the visibility of the image is determined by the average value of the color differences ⁇ E * ab obtained by observing from a plurality of azimuth directions. It is preferable to perform evaluation. Specifically, the color difference ⁇ E * ab is measured in 5 ° increments in the azimuth direction and the azimuth angle ⁇ (see FIG.
- ⁇ / 2 plates such as the ⁇ / 2 plates 160 and 250 according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2 will be described.
- the in-plane retardation of the ⁇ / 2 plate can be appropriately set within a range where a broadband ⁇ / 4 plate can be realized by a combination of the ⁇ / 2 plate and the ⁇ / 4 plate.
- the in-plane retardation of the ⁇ / 2 plate is preferably 240 nm or more, more preferably 242 nm or more, preferably 300 nm or less, more preferably 280 nm or less, and particularly preferably 265 nm or less. Since the ⁇ / 2 plate has such in-plane retardation, the ⁇ / 2 plate and the ⁇ / 4 plate can be combined to function as a broadband ⁇ / 4 plate.
- the ⁇ / 2 plate can have chromatic dispersion characteristics such as forward chromatic dispersion characteristics, flat chromatic dispersion characteristics, and reverse chromatic dispersion characteristics.
- the forward wavelength dispersion characteristic means a wavelength dispersion characteristic in which retardation increases as the wavelength becomes shorter.
- the reverse wavelength dispersion characteristic means a wavelength dispersion characteristic in which the retardation becomes smaller as the wavelength becomes shorter.
- the flat wavelength dispersion characteristic means a wavelength dispersion characteristic in which the retardation does not change regardless of the wavelength.
- FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view schematically showing the relationship between the ⁇ / 4 plate 310, the ⁇ / 2 plate 320, and the linear polarizer 330 in the image display apparatus as an example of the present invention.
- a phantom line parallel to the polarization absorption axis A 330 of the linear polarizer 330 is indicated by a dashed line on the ⁇ / 4 plate 310 and the ⁇ / 2 plate 320.
- the image display device of the present invention includes a ⁇ / 4 plate 310, a ⁇ / 2 plate 320, and a linear polarizer 330 in this order from the viewing side.
- FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view schematically showing the relationship between the ⁇ / 4 plate 310, the ⁇ / 2 plate 320, and the linear polarizer 330 in the image display apparatus as an example of the present invention.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate 310 corresponds to the ⁇ / 4 plates 170 and 260 according to the above-described embodiment
- the ⁇ / 2 plate 320 corresponds to the ⁇ / 2 plate 160 and the above-described embodiment.
- the linear polarizer 330 corresponds to 250, and corresponds to the viewing-side linear polarizer 140 and the linear polarizer 230 according to the above-described embodiment (see FIGS. 1 and 2).
- the angle ⁇ formed by the slow axis A 320 of the ⁇ / 2 plate 320 with respect to the polarization absorption axis A 330 of the linear polarizer 330 is a broadband ⁇ / 4 plate depending on the combination of the ⁇ / 2 plate 320 and the ⁇ / 4 plate 310. As long as 340 can be realized, it can be set arbitrarily.
- the specific range of the angle ⁇ is preferably 15 ° ⁇ 5 °, more preferably 15 ° ⁇ 3 °, and particularly preferably 15 ° ⁇ 1 °.
- the broadband ⁇ / 4 plate 340 including the combination of the ⁇ / 2 plate 320 and the ⁇ / 4 plate 310 stabilizes the linearly polarized light in the wide wavelength range that has passed through the linear polarizer 330. Can be converted into circularly polarized light. Further, in particular, if the ⁇ / 2 plate 320 and the linear polarizer 330 are respectively long, the angle ⁇ is in the above range, so that the ⁇ / 2 plate 320 and the linear polarizer 330 are bonded to each other by a roll Easy to do by the to-roll method.
- the ⁇ / 2 plate is preferably a member containing a thermoplastic resin, and more preferably a resin film made of a thermoplastic resin. Further, as the thermoplastic resin, a resin having a positive intrinsic birefringence value is preferable. Such a thermoplastic resin usually contains a thermoplastic polymer and optional components as necessary.
- thermoplastic resin examples include include polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene; polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate; polyarylene sulfides such as polyphenylene sulfide; polyvinyl alcohol; polycarbonate; polyarylate; Polysulfone; Polysulfone; Polyallyl sulfone; Polyvinyl chloride; Cyclic olefin polymer such as norbornene polymer; Rod-like liquid crystal polymer. These polymers may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used combining two or more types by arbitrary ratios.
- the polymer may be a homopolymer or a copolymer. Among these, a cyclic olefin polymer is preferable because of excellent mechanical properties, heat resistance, transparency, low hygroscopicity, dimensional stability, and lightness.
- the cyclic olefin polymer is a polymer in which the structural unit of the polymer has an alicyclic structure.
- the cyclic olefin polymer includes a polymer having an alicyclic structure in a main chain, a polymer having an alicyclic structure in a side chain, a polymer having an alicyclic structure in a main chain and a side chain, and these 2 It can be set as a mixture of the above arbitrary ratios. Among these, from the viewpoint of mechanical strength and heat resistance, a polymer having an alicyclic structure in the main chain is preferable.
- alicyclic structure examples include a saturated alicyclic hydrocarbon (cycloalkane) structure and an unsaturated alicyclic hydrocarbon (cycloalkene, cycloalkyne) structure.
- cycloalkane saturated alicyclic hydrocarbon
- cycloalkene unsaturated alicyclic hydrocarbon
- cycloalkyne unsaturated alicyclic hydrocarbon
- a cycloalkane structure and a cycloalkene structure are preferable, and a cycloalkane structure is particularly preferable.
- the number of carbon atoms constituting the alicyclic structure is preferably 4 or more, more preferably 5 or more, preferably 30 or less, more preferably 20 or less, particularly preferably per alicyclic structure. Is 15 or less. When the number of carbon atoms constituting the alicyclic structure is within this range, the mechanical strength, heat resistance and moldability of the resin are highly balanced.
- the proportion of the structural unit having an alicyclic structure is preferably 55% by weight or more, more preferably 70% by weight or more, and particularly preferably 90% by weight or more.
- the ratio of the structural unit having an alicyclic structure in the cyclic olefin polymer is within this range, transparency and heat resistance are improved.
- a cycloolefin polymer is a polymer having a structure obtained by polymerizing a cycloolefin monomer.
- the cycloolefin monomer is a compound having a ring structure formed of carbon atoms and having a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond in the ring structure.
- Examples of the polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond include a carbon-carbon double bond capable of polymerization such as ring-opening polymerization.
- Examples of the ring structure of the cycloolefin monomer include monocycles, polycycles, condensed polycycles, bridged rings, and polycycles obtained by combining these.
- a polycyclic cycloolefin monomer is preferable from the viewpoint of highly balancing the dielectric properties and heat resistance of the resulting polymer.
- the thermoplastic resin contained in the ⁇ / 2 plate is preferably a norbornene resin containing a norbornene polymer.
- Examples of the norbornene polymer include a ring-opening polymer of a monomer having a norbornene structure and a hydride thereof; an addition polymer of a monomer having a norbornene structure and a hydride thereof.
- Examples of a ring-opening polymer of a monomer having a norbornene structure include a ring-opening homopolymer of one kind of monomer having a norbornene structure and a ring-opening of two or more kinds of monomers having a norbornene structure. Examples thereof include a copolymer and a ring-opening copolymer with a monomer having a norbornene structure and another monomer that can be copolymerized therewith.
- examples of the addition polymer of a monomer having a norbornene structure include an addition homopolymer of one kind of monomer having a norbornene structure and an addition copolymer of two or more kinds of monomers having a norbornene structure. And addition copolymers with monomers having a norbornene structure and other monomers copolymerizable therewith.
- a hydride of a ring-opening polymer of a monomer having a norbornene structure is particularly suitable from the viewpoints of moldability, heat resistance, low moisture absorption, dimensional stability, lightness, and the like.
- Examples of monomers having a norbornene structure include bicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2-ene (common name: norbornene), tricyclo [4.3.0.1 2,5 ] deca-3,7. -Diene (common name: dicyclopentadiene), 7,8-benzotricyclo [4.3.0.1 2,5 ] dec-3-ene (common name: methanotetrahydrofluorene), tetracyclo [4.4. 0.1 2,5 . 1 7,10 ] dodec-3-ene (common name: tetracyclododecene) and derivatives of these compounds (for example, those having a substituent in the ring).
- examples of the substituent include an alkyl group, an alkylene group, and a polar group. Moreover, these substituents may be the same or different, and a plurality thereof may be bonded to the ring.
- One type of monomer having a norbornene structure may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination at any ratio.
- Examples of polar groups include heteroatoms and atomic groups having heteroatoms.
- Examples of the hetero atom include an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, a silicon atom, and a halogen atom.
- Specific examples of polar groups include carboxyl groups, carbonyloxycarbonyl groups, epoxy groups, hydroxyl groups, oxy groups, ester groups, silanol groups, silyl groups, amino groups, amide groups, imide groups, nitrile groups, and sulfonic acid groups. Is mentioned.
- Examples of the monomer capable of ring-opening copolymerization with a monomer having a norbornene structure include monocyclic olefins such as cyclohexene, cycloheptene, and cyclooctene and derivatives thereof; cyclic conjugated dienes such as cyclohexadiene and cycloheptadiene; And derivatives thereof.
- monocyclic olefins such as cyclohexene, cycloheptene, and cyclooctene and derivatives thereof
- cyclic conjugated dienes such as cyclohexadiene and cycloheptadiene
- the monomer having a norbornene structure and a monomer capable of ring-opening copolymerization one kind may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be used in combination at any ratio.
- a ring-opening polymer of a monomer having a norbornene structure can be produced, for example, by polymerizing or copolymerizing a monomer in the presence of a ring-opening polymerization catalyst.
- Examples of monomers that can be copolymerized with a monomer having a norbornene structure include ⁇ -olefins having 2 to 20 carbon atoms such as ethylene, propylene, and 1-butene, and derivatives thereof; cyclobutene, cyclopentene, and cyclohexene. And non-conjugated dienes such as 1,4-hexadiene, 4-methyl-1,4-hexadiene, 5-methyl-1,4-hexadiene, and the like.
- ⁇ -olefin is preferable, and ethylene is more preferable.
- the monomer which can carry out addition copolymerization with the monomer which has a norbornene structure may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used combining two or more types by arbitrary ratios.
- An addition polymer of a monomer having a norbornene structure can be produced, for example, by polymerizing or copolymerizing a monomer in the presence of an addition polymerization catalyst.
- the hydrogenated product of the above-described ring-opening polymer and addition polymer is, for example, carbon in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst containing a transition metal such as nickel or palladium in a solution of these ring-opening polymer or addition polymer.
- a hydrogenation catalyst containing a transition metal such as nickel or palladium in a solution of these ring-opening polymer or addition polymer.
- -Carbon unsaturated bonds can be prepared by hydrogenation, preferably more than 90%.
- X bicyclo [3.3.0] octane-2,4-diyl-ethylene structure and Y: tricyclo [4.3.0.1 2,5 ] decane- Having a 7,9-diyl-ethylene structure, and the amount of these structural units is 90% by weight or more based on the total structural units of the norbornene polymer, and the ratio of X to Y The ratio is preferably 100: 0 to 40:60 by weight ratio of X: Y.
- the ⁇ / 2 plate containing the norbornene polymer can be made long-term without dimensional change and excellent in optical properties.
- Examples of monocyclic olefin polymers include addition polymers of cyclic olefin monomers having a single ring such as cyclohexene, cycloheptene, and cyclooctene.
- cyclic conjugated diene polymers include polymers obtained by cyclization of addition polymers of conjugated diene monomers such as 1,3-butadiene, isoprene and chloroprene; cyclic conjugates such as cyclopentadiene and cyclohexadiene. Mention may be made of 1,2- or 1,4-addition polymers of diene monomers; and their hydrides.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polymer contained in the resin as the material of the ⁇ / 2 plate is preferably 10,000 or more, more preferably 15,000 or more, particularly preferably 20,000 or more, preferably 100,000 or less, more preferably 80,000 or less, and particularly preferably 50,000 or less.
- the weight average molecular weight is in such a range, the mechanical strength and molding processability of the resin are highly balanced and suitable.
- the weight average molecular weight is a polyisoprene or polystyrene converted weight average molecular weight measured by gel permeation chromatography using cyclohexane as a solvent.
- toluene may be used as a solvent.
- the molecular weight distribution (weight average molecular weight (Mw) / number average molecular weight (Mn)) of the polymer contained in the resin as the material of the ⁇ / 2 plate is preferably 1.2 or more, more preferably 1.5 or more, particularly Preferably it is 1.8 or more, preferably 3.5 or less, more preferably 3.0 or less, particularly preferably 2.7 or less.
- productivity of a polymer can be improved and manufacturing cost can be suppressed.
- moderation at the time of high temperature exposure can be suppressed, and stability of (lambda) / 2 board can be improved.
- the ratio of the polymer in the resin as the material of the ⁇ / 2 plate is preferably 50% by weight to 100% by weight, more preferably 70% by weight to 100% by weight, and particularly preferably 90% by weight to 100% by weight. By setting the ratio of the polymer in the above range, the ⁇ / 2 plate can obtain sufficient heat resistance and transparency.
- the resin as the material of the ⁇ / 2 plate can contain an optional component in addition to the polymer.
- optional components include colorants such as pigments and dyes; plasticizers; optical brighteners; dispersants; thermal stabilizers; light stabilizers; ultraviolet absorbers; antistatic agents; Surfactant etc. are mentioned. These components may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used combining two or more types by arbitrary ratios.
- the glass transition temperature Tg 2 of the resin as the material of the ⁇ / 2 plate is preferably 100 ° C. or higher, more preferably 110 ° C. or higher, particularly preferably 120 ° C. or higher, preferably 190 ° C. or lower, more preferably 180 ° C. Hereinafter, it is particularly preferably 170 ° C. or lower.
- the absolute value of the photoelastic coefficient of the resin as the material of the ⁇ / 2 plate is preferably 10 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 Pa ⁇ 1 or less, more preferably 7 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 Pa ⁇ 1 or less, particularly preferably 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ . 12 Pa ⁇ 1 or less.
- the total light transmittance of the ⁇ / 2 plate is preferably 80% or more.
- the light transmittance can be measured using a spectrophotometer (manufactured by JASCO Corporation, ultraviolet-visible near-infrared spectrophotometer “V-570”) in accordance with JIS K0115.
- the haze of the ⁇ / 2 plate is preferably 5% or less, more preferably 3% or less, particularly preferably 1% or less, and ideally 0%.
- the haze can be measured at five locations using “turbidity meter NDH-300A” manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd. in accordance with JIS K7361-1997, and the average value obtained therefrom can be adopted.
- the amount of the volatile component contained in the ⁇ / 2 plate is preferably 0.1% by weight or less, more preferably 0.05% by weight or less, and further preferably 0.02% by weight or less, ideally zero. is there.
- the volatile component is a substance having a molecular weight of 200 or less contained in a trace amount in the film, and examples thereof include a residual monomer and a solvent.
- the amount of volatile components can be quantified by dissolving the film in chloroform and analyzing it by gas chromatography as the sum of the substances having a molecular weight of 200 or less contained in the film.
- the saturated water absorption rate of the ⁇ / 2 plate is preferably 0.03% by weight or less, more preferably 0.02% by weight or less, particularly preferably 0.01% by weight or less, and ideally zero.
- the saturated water absorption rate of the ⁇ / 2 plate is within the above range, it is possible to reduce a change with time in optical characteristics such as in-plane retardation.
- the saturated water absorption is a value expressed as a percentage of the increased mass of the film specimen immersed in water at 23 ° C. for 24 hours with respect to the mass of the film specimen before immersion.
- the thickness of the ⁇ / 2 plate is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 15 ⁇ m or more, further preferably 30 ⁇ m or more, preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 80 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 60 ⁇ m or less. Thereby, the mechanical strength of the ⁇ / 2 plate can be increased.
- the ⁇ / 2 plate manufacturing method is arbitrary.
- the ⁇ / 2 plate may be manufactured as a diagonally stretched film by a manufacturing method including, for example, subjecting a long pre-stretch film made of resin to one or more diagonal stretches.
- oblique stretching refers to stretching a long film in an oblique direction. According to the manufacturing method including oblique stretching, the ⁇ / 2 plate can be easily manufactured.
- the ⁇ / 2 plate is sequentially manufactured as a biaxially stretched film by a manufacturing method including further longitudinal stretching after the oblique stretching.
- longitudinal stretching represents stretching a long film in the longitudinal direction.
- the method for producing a ⁇ / 2 plate according to this example includes (a) a first step of preparing a long unstretched film made of a thermoplastic resin, and (b) stretching a long unstretched film in an oblique direction. The second step of obtaining a long intermediate film, and (c) the third step of obtaining a long ⁇ / 2 plate by freely uniaxially stretching the intermediate film in the longitudinal direction.
- a long pre-stretch film made of a thermoplastic resin is prepared.
- the film before stretching can be produced by, for example, a melt molding method or a solution casting method.
- the melt molding method include an extrusion molding method, a press molding method, an inflation molding method, an injection molding method, a blow molding method, and a stretch molding method.
- an extrusion molding method, an inflation molding method or a press molding method is preferable, and among them, a ⁇ / 2 plate can be produced efficiently and easily.
- the extrusion method is particularly preferred from the viewpoint.
- stretching is usually performed using a tenter stretching machine while continuously transporting the film before stretching in the longitudinal direction.
- the tenter stretching machine has a plurality of grips each capable of gripping both ends in the film width direction of the film before stretching, and stretches the film before stretching in a predetermined direction with the grips in any direction. Stretching can be achieved.
- the draw ratio in the second step is preferably 1.1 times or more, more preferably 1.15 times or more, particularly preferably 1.2 times or more, preferably 5.0 times or less, more preferably It is 4.0 times or less, particularly preferably 3.5 times or less.
- the draw ratio in the second step is not less than the lower limit of the above range, the generation of wrinkles in the ⁇ / 2 plate can be suppressed, and the refractive index in the drawing direction can be increased.
- the draw ratio is not more than the upper limit of the above range, the variation in the orientation angle and orientation direction of the ⁇ / 2 plate can be reduced, and the slow axis direction can be easily controlled.
- the orientation angle and orientation direction can be measured with a polarizing microscope or AXOSCAN (manufactured by Axometrics).
- the stretching temperature in the second step is preferably Tg 2 ⁇ 5 ° C. or higher, more preferably Tg 2 ⁇ 2 ° C. or higher, particularly preferably Tg 2 ° C or higher, preferably Tg 2 + 40 ° C. or lower, more preferably Is Tg 2 + 35 ° C. or lower, particularly preferably Tg 2 + 30 ° C. or lower.
- Tg 2 refers to the glass transition temperature of a thermoplastic resin as a material of the ⁇ / 2 plate.
- the intermediate film has a slow axis.
- the slow axis of the intermediate film appears in the oblique direction of the intermediate film.
- the intermediate film usually has a slow axis in the range of 5 ° to 85 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction.
- the specific direction of the slow axis of the intermediate film is preferably set according to the direction of the slow axis of the ⁇ / 2 plate to be manufactured.
- the angle formed by the slow axis of the ⁇ / 2 plate obtained by the third step with respect to the longitudinal direction is smaller than the angle formed by the slow axis of the intermediate film with respect to the longitudinal direction. . Therefore, it is preferable that the angle formed by the slow axis of the intermediate film with respect to the longitudinal direction is larger than the angle formed by the slow axis of the ⁇ / 2 plate with respect to the longitudinal direction.
- a third step is performed in which the intermediate film is freely uniaxially stretched in the longitudinal direction to obtain a long ⁇ / 2 plate.
- free uniaxial stretching refers to stretching in a certain direction and applying no restraining force in directions other than the stretching direction. Therefore, the free uniaxial stretching in the longitudinal direction of the intermediate film shown in this example refers to stretching in the longitudinal direction performed without restraining the end portion in the width direction of the intermediate film.
- Such stretching in the third step is usually performed using a roll stretching machine while continuously transporting the intermediate film in the longitudinal direction.
- the stretching ratio in the third step is preferably smaller than the stretching ratio in (b) the second step.
- the specific draw ratio in the third step is preferably 1.1 times or more, more preferably 1.15 times or more, particularly preferably 1.2 times or more, preferably 3.0 times or less, More preferably, it is 2.8 times or less, and particularly preferably 2.6 times or less.
- the draw ratio in the third step is not less than the lower limit of the above range, wrinkles of the ⁇ / 2 plate can be suppressed.
- the draw ratio is not more than the upper limit of the above range, the direction of the slow axis can be easily controlled.
- the stretching temperature T2 in the third step is preferably higher than “T1-20 ° C.”, more preferably “T1-18 ° C.” or more, particularly preferably based on the stretching temperature T1 in the (b) second step. Is “T1-16 ° C.” or more, preferably lower than “T1 + 20 ° C.”, more preferably “T1 + 18 ° C.” or less, and particularly preferably “T1 + 16 ° C.” or less. (C) By setting the stretching temperature T2 in the third step within the above range, the in-plane retardation of the ⁇ / 2 plate can be effectively adjusted.
- the method for manufacturing the ⁇ / 2 plate shown in the above example may be further modified.
- the ⁇ / 2 plate manufacturing method may further include an optional step in addition to (a) the first step, (b) the second step, and (c) the third step.
- steps include a step of providing a protective layer on the surface of the ⁇ / 2 plate, and a step of subjecting the surface of the ⁇ / 2 plate to surface treatment such as chemical treatment and physical treatment.
- a film obtained by stretching the film before stretching in an arbitrary direction may be used as the film before stretching.
- ⁇ / 4 plates such as the ⁇ / 4 plates 170 and 260 according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2 will be described.
- the in-plane retardation of the ⁇ / 4 plate can be appropriately set within a range in which a broadband ⁇ / 4 plate can be realized by a combination of the ⁇ / 2 plate and the ⁇ / 4 plate.
- the in-plane retardation of the ⁇ / 4 plate is preferably 110 nm or more, more preferably 118 nm or more, preferably 154 nm or less, more preferably 138 nm or less, and particularly preferably 128 nm or less. Since the ⁇ / 4 plate has such in-plane retardation, the ⁇ / 2 plate and the ⁇ / 4 plate can be combined to function as a broadband ⁇ / 4 plate.
- the NZ coefficient NZq of the ⁇ / 4 plate is preferably 0.95 or more, more preferably 0.97 or more, particularly preferably 0.99 or more, preferably 1.05 or less, more preferably 1.03 or less, Especially preferably, it is 1.01 or less.
- the NZ coefficient NZq of the ⁇ / 4 plate is close to 1.0 and the optical uniaxiality is higher, which is better as a broadband ⁇ / 4 plate in combination with the ⁇ / 2 plate having the NZ coefficient NZh in a specific range. Can function.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate can have wavelength dispersion characteristics such as forward wavelength dispersion characteristics, flat wavelength dispersion characteristics, and reverse wavelength dispersion characteristics.
- a ⁇ / 4 plate having a slow axis that forms an angle ⁇ ⁇ / 4 with respect to a certain reference direction, and a ⁇ / 2 plate that has a slow axis that forms an angle ⁇ ⁇ / 2 with respect to the reference direction.
- the multilayer film has a wavelength of light that passes through the multilayer film in a wide wavelength range.
- a broadband ⁇ / 4 plate capable of giving in-plane retardation of approximately 1 ⁇ 4 wavelength (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-004120).
- the ⁇ / 4 plate it is preferable that the slow axis A 310 of 310 satisfies a relationship close to that represented by the formula C between the slow axis A 320 of the ⁇ / 2 plate 320.
- the angle ⁇ formed by the slow axis A 310 of the ⁇ / 4 plate 310 with respect to the polarization absorption axis A 330 of the linear polarizer 330 is preferably (2 ⁇ + 45 °) ⁇ 5 °, more preferably ( 2 ⁇ + 45 °) ⁇ 3 °, particularly preferably (2 ⁇ + 45 °) ⁇ 1 °.
- the angle ⁇ represents an angle formed by the slow axis A 320 of the ⁇ / 2 plate 320 with respect to the polarization absorption axis A 330 of the linear polarizer 330.
- the direction in which the slow axis A 310 of the ⁇ / 4 plate 310 forms an angle ⁇ with respect to the polarization absorption axis A 330 of the linear polarizer 330 is usually such that the slow axis A 320 of the ⁇ / 2 plate 320 is linear. is the same as the direction that forms an angle ⁇ with respect to the polarization absorption axis a 330 of the polarizer 330. Therefore, for example, when viewed from the thickness direction, when the slow axis A 320 of the ⁇ / 2 plate 320 forms an angle ⁇ in the clockwise direction with respect to the polarization absorption axis A 330 of the linear polarizer 330, a straight line is obtained.
- slow axis A310 of the lambda / 4 plate 310 to the polarization absorption axis a 330 of the polarizer 330 is typically an angle of the angle ⁇ in a clockwise direction.
- the slow axis A 310 of the ⁇ / 4 plate 310 with respect to the polarization absorption axis A 330 of the linear polarizer 330 normally forms an angle ⁇ in a counterclockwise direction.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate is preferably a member containing a thermoplastic resin, and more preferably a resin film made of a thermoplastic resin.
- the thermoplastic resin of the ⁇ / 4 plate can be arbitrarily selected from the range of the thermoplastic resin described as the material of the ⁇ / 2 plate. As a result, the same advantages as described in the section of the ⁇ / 2 plate can be obtained with the ⁇ / 4 plate.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate thermoplastic resin a norbornene-based resin is preferable.
- Various products are commercially available as norbornene resins.
- thermoplastic resin included in the ⁇ / 2 plate and the thermoplastic resin included in the ⁇ / 4 plate may be different, but are preferably the same thermoplastic resin.
- the total light transmittance of the ⁇ / 4 plate is preferably 80% or more.
- the haze of the ⁇ / 4 plate is preferably 5% or less, more preferably 3% or less, particularly preferably 1% or less, and ideally 0%.
- the amount of the volatile component contained in the ⁇ / 4 plate is preferably 0.1% by weight or less, more preferably 0.05% by weight or less, still more preferably 0.02% by weight or less, and ideally zero. is there.
- the amount of the volatile component By reducing the amount of the volatile component, the dimensional stability of the ⁇ / 4 plate can be improved, and the change with time in optical characteristics such as retardation can be reduced.
- the saturated water absorption of the ⁇ / 4 plate is preferably 0.03% by weight or less, more preferably 0.02% by weight or less, particularly preferably 0.01% by weight or less, and ideally zero.
- the saturated water absorption rate of the ⁇ / 4 plate is within the above range, a change with time in optical characteristics such as in-plane retardation can be reduced.
- the thickness of the ⁇ / 4 plate is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 15 ⁇ m or more, particularly preferably 20 ⁇ m or more, preferably 80 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 60 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the manufacturing method of the ⁇ / 4 plate is arbitrary.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate can be produced as a stretched film, for example, by a production method including stretching a long, unstretched film made of resin.
- a preferable manufacturing method of the ⁇ / 4 plate for example, (d) a fourth step of preparing a long unstretched film made of a thermoplastic resin, and (e) a long unstretched film is stretched, And a fifth step of obtaining a ⁇ / 4 plate with a scale.
- a long unstretched film made of a thermoplastic resin is prepared.
- the film before stretching can be produced, for example, by the same method as in the first step (a) in the method for producing a ⁇ / 2 plate.
- stretching direction may be the longitudinal direction of the film, the width direction, or the oblique direction.
- the stretching may be free uniaxial stretching in which no restraining force is applied in the direction other than the stretching direction, or may be stretching in which the restraining force is applied in the direction other than the stretching direction.
- the draw ratio in the fifth step is preferably 1.1 times or more, more preferably 1.15 times or more, particularly preferably 1.2 times or more, preferably 3.0 times or less, more preferably It is 2.8 times or less, and particularly preferably 2.6 times or less.
- the refractive index in the stretching direction can be increased by setting the stretching ratio in the fifth step to be equal to or higher than the lower limit of the above range. In addition, by setting it to the upper limit value or less, the slow axis direction of the ⁇ / 4 plate can be easily controlled.
- the stretching temperature in the fifth step is preferably Tg 4 ⁇ 5 ° C. or higher, more preferably Tg 4 ⁇ 2 ° C. or higher, particularly preferably Tg 4 ° C or higher, preferably Tg 4 + 40 ° C. or lower, more preferably Is Tg 4 + 35 ° C. or lower, particularly preferably Tg 4 + 30 ° C. or lower.
- Tg 4 refers to the glass transition temperature of a thermoplastic resin as a material of the ⁇ / 4 plate.
- the method for manufacturing the ⁇ / 4 plate shown in the above example may be further modified.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate manufacturing method may further include an optional step in addition to (d) the fourth step and (e) the fifth step.
- a method for manufacturing a ⁇ / 4 plate includes a step of trimming both end portions of the manufactured ⁇ / 4 plate, and a step of subjecting the surface of the ⁇ / 4 plate to surface treatment such as chemical treatment and physical treatment. May be.
- the manufacturing method of (lambda) / 4 board may include the process similar to the arbitrary processes of the manufacturing method of (lambda) / 2 board.
- a linear polarizer is an optical member having a polarization transmission axis and a polarization absorption axis, absorbs linearly polarized light having a vibration direction parallel to the polarization absorption axis, and passes linearly polarized light having a vibration direction parallel to the polarization transmission axis. sell.
- light for displaying an image becomes circularly polarized light when the linearly polarized light that has passed through the linear polarizer further passes through a broadband ⁇ / 4 plate including a combination of ⁇ / 2 plate and ⁇ / 4 plate. Then, it goes out of the image display device and is visually recognized by an observer.
- a linear polarizer for example, a film of an appropriate vinyl alcohol polymer such as polyvinyl alcohol or partially formalized polyvinyl alcohol, dyeing treatment with dichroic substances such as iodine and dichroic dye, stretching treatment, crosslinking treatment
- dichroic substances such as iodine and dichroic dye
- stretching treatment crosslinking treatment
- the film which performed appropriate processes, such as these by the appropriate order and system can be used.
- the stretching process for producing a linear polarizer the film is stretched in the longitudinal direction, so that the obtained linear polarizer has a polarization absorption axis parallel to the longitudinal direction of the linear polarizer and the width of the linear polarizer.
- a polarization transmission axis parallel to the direction can be developed.
- This linear polarizer is preferably excellent in the degree of polarization.
- the thickness of the linear polarizer is generally 5 ⁇ m to 80 ⁇ m, but is not limited thereto.
- the polarization absorption axis of the linear polarizer is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the linear polarizer.
- the optical axes can be aligned by making the longitudinal directions parallel to each other. Therefore, a long linear polarizer, a long ⁇ / 2 plate, and a long ⁇ / 4 plate can be easily bonded by a roll-to-roll method.
- Bonding by the roll-to-roll method was obtained by feeding the film from a long film roll, transporting it, and performing a process of bonding with another film on the transport line.
- the pasting of the aspect which uses a bonding thing as a winding roll is said.
- the lamination using the roll-to-roll method does not require a complicated optical axis alignment process, unlike the case of laminating single-wafer films. Therefore, efficient bonding is possible.
- Examples of the image display element include a liquid crystal cell and an organic EL element.
- an image can be controlled by these image display elements.
- the liquid crystal cell 130 normally controls the amount of light emitted from the light source 110 by controlling the amount of light passing through the viewing-side linear polarizer 140, thereby controlling the displayed image. Done.
- the organic EL display measure 200 shown in FIG. 2 usually, the organic EL element 210 controls the amount of light emitted from the organic EL element 210 to control the displayed image.
- the liquid crystal cell is, for example, in-plane switching (IPS) mode, vertical alignment (VA) mode, multi-domain vertical alignment (MVA) mode, continuous spin wheel alignment (CPA) mode, hybrid alignment nematic (HAN) mode, twisted nematic
- IPS in-plane switching
- VA vertical alignment
- MVA multi-domain vertical alignment
- CPA continuous spin wheel alignment
- HAN hybrid alignment nematic
- TN TN
- STN super twisted nematic
- OBC optical compensated bend
- the organic EL element includes a transparent electrode layer, a light emitting layer, and an electrode layer in this order, and the light emitting layer can generate light when a voltage is applied from the transparent electrode layer and the electrode layer.
- the material constituting the organic light emitting layer include polyparaphenylene vinylene-based, polyfluorene-based, and polyvinyl carbazole-based materials.
- the light emitting layer may have a stack of layers having different emission colors or a mixed layer in which a different dye is doped in a certain dye layer.
- the organic EL element may include functional layers such as a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, an equipotential surface forming layer, and a charge generation layer.
- the image display apparatus may include arbitrary elements in addition to the elements described above.
- Optional elements include, for example, a protective film for protecting a linear polarizer; an adhesive layer or a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer for laminating films; glass for suppressing film damage; a hard coat layer; Prevention layer; Antifouling layer and the like.
- a commercially available liquid crystal display device (“iPad Air” manufactured by Apple) including a light source, a light source side linear polarizer, a liquid crystal cell, and a viewing side linear polarizer in this order.
- An image display device obtained by bonding the surfaces of the broadband ⁇ / 4 plate manufactured in the example on the ⁇ / 2 plate side was set.
- the angles ⁇ and ⁇ formed by the ⁇ / 2 plate and the ⁇ / 4 plate with respect to the polarization absorption axis of the viewing-side linearly polarizing plate when viewed from the thickness direction have values shown in Table 1, respectively.
- This image display device was provided with a ⁇ / 4 plate, a ⁇ / 2 plate, a viewing side linear polarizer, and a liquid crystal cell as an image display element in this order from the viewing side.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view schematically showing a state of an evaluation model set when calculating chromaticity in simulations in Examples and Comparative Examples.
- the polarizing sunglasses 20 an ideal polarizing film having a planar shape perpendicular to the line of sight 30 having a polarization absorption axis 21 in the horizontal direction was set.
- the polar angle ⁇ represents an angle formed with respect to the normal direction 11 of the display surface 10.
- An ideal polarizing film refers to a film that transmits all linearly polarized light having a vibration direction parallel to a certain direction but does not allow linearly polarized light having a vibration direction perpendicular to that direction to pass through at all.
- the color difference ⁇ E * ab is obtained from the above equation (1) from (i) the chromaticity of the image seen through the polarized sunglasses 20 and (ii) the chromaticity of the image seen through the polarized sunglasses 20. It was.
- the calculation of the color difference ⁇ E * ab was performed in 5 ° increments in the azimuth direction and the azimuth angle ⁇ in the range of 0 ° to less than 360 °.
- the azimuth angle ⁇ represents an angle formed by a direction parallel to the display surface 10 with respect to a reference direction 12 parallel to the display surface 10. Then, the average of the calculated color difference ⁇ E * ab was calculated to obtain the average color difference.
- a commercially available liquid crystal display device (“iPad” manufactured by Apple) including a light source, a light source side linearly polarizing plate, a liquid crystal cell, and a viewing side linearly polarizing plate in this order was prepared.
- the display surface portion of the liquid crystal display device was disassembled to expose the viewing-side linear polarizing plate of the liquid crystal display device.
- the surface on the ⁇ / 2 plate side of the broadband ⁇ / 4 plate produced in the example or the comparative example was bonded to the exposed viewing-side linear polarizing plate to obtain an image display device.
- angles ⁇ and ⁇ formed by the ⁇ / 2 plate and the ⁇ / 4 plate with respect to the polarization absorption axis of the viewing-side linearly polarizing plate when viewed from the thickness direction have values shown in Table 1, respectively. Went to.
- This image display device was provided with a ⁇ / 4 plate, a ⁇ / 2 plate, a viewing side linear polarizing plate, and a liquid crystal cell as an image display element in this order from the viewing side.
- the image display device was displayed in white, and the image was observed with the naked eye from a direction inclined at a polar angle of 45 ° with respect to the display surface. Thereafter, the image was observed through polarized sunglasses from a tilt direction with a polar angle of 45 ° with respect to the display surface. These observations were made in all azimuth directions. Then, it was evaluated whether the image seen through the polarized sunglasses was changed in color and brightness as compared with the image seen without the polarized sunglasses. The smaller the difference in color and brightness in the image seen through polarized sunglasses than in the image seen without polarized sunglasses, the better.
- the film was stretched at a stretching temperature of 140 ° C. and a stretching ratio of 1.65 times to obtain an intermediate film. While the intermediate film is continuously conveyed in the longitudinal direction, free uniaxial stretching is performed in the longitudinal direction at a stretching temperature of 135 ° C. and a stretching ratio of 1.45 times to form a long ⁇ / 2 plate (thickness: 35 ⁇ m). Obtained.
- the obtained ⁇ / 2 plate had a slow axis in a direction forming an angle of 15.0 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction.
- the retardation Re and Rth and the NZ coefficient NZh of this ⁇ / 2 plate were measured by the method described above.
- the film was subjected to free uniaxial stretching in the longitudinal direction at a stretching temperature of 140 ° C. and a stretching ratio of 1.30 times to obtain a long ⁇ / 4 plate (thickness of 30 ⁇ m).
- the obtained ⁇ / 4 plate had a slow axis parallel to the longitudinal direction.
- the retardation Re and Rth and the NZ coefficient NZq of this ⁇ / 4 plate were measured by the method described above.
- the broadband ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate and the viewing-side linear polarizing plate of the liquid crystal display device are bonded to each other when the slow axis of the ⁇ / 2 plate and the absorption axis of the viewing-side polarizing plate are viewed from the thickness direction.
- An adhesive (“CS9621” manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation) was used so as to form an angle of °.
- Table 1 shows the retardation Rth and NZ coefficient NZh in the thickness direction of the ⁇ / 2 plate by changing the stretching conditions (stretching temperature, stretching ratio, etc.) of the pre-stretching film and the intermediate film when producing the ⁇ / 2 plate.
- a broadband ⁇ / 4 plate was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the value was changed to the value shown in FIG.
- Example 5 (5-1. Production of ⁇ / 2 plate) A long ⁇ / 2 plate was produced in the same manner as in Step (1-1) of Example 1.
- a long unstretched film was produced from the same norbornene-based resin used in the production of the ⁇ / 2 plate in Example 1 by the melt extrusion method.
- the film before stretching is stretched in an oblique direction at an angle of 75 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction using a tenter stretching machine equipped with a gripper for gripping the film end while continuously conveying in the longitudinal direction.
- the film was drawn at a temperature of 142 ° C. and a draw ratio of 5.0 times to obtain a long ⁇ / 4 plate (thickness 20 ⁇ m).
- the obtained ⁇ / 4 plate had a slow axis in a direction forming an angle of 75.0 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction.
- the retardation Re and Rth and the NZ coefficient NZq of this ⁇ / 4 plate were measured by the method described above.
- the long ⁇ / 2 plate and the long ⁇ / 4 plate obtained as described above are pasted by a roll-to-roll method using an adhesive (“CS9621” manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation).
- a broadband ⁇ / 4 plate was manufactured.
- the longitudinal direction of the ⁇ / 2 plate and the longitudinal direction of the ⁇ / 4 plate are parallel to each other, so that the slow axis of the ⁇ / 2 plate and the slow axis of the ⁇ / 4 plate have a thickness.
- the angle was 60.0 ° when viewed from the direction.
- Table 1 shows the retardation Rth and NZ coefficient NZh in the thickness direction of the ⁇ / 2 plate by changing the stretching conditions (stretching temperature, stretching ratio, etc.) of the pre-stretching film and the intermediate film when producing the ⁇ / 2 plate.
- a broadband ⁇ / 4 plate was produced in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the value was changed to the value shown in FIG.
- Example 1 A long unstretched film was produced from the same norbornene-based resin used in the production of the ⁇ / 2 plate in Example 1 by the melt extrusion method. While the film before stretching is continuously conveyed in the longitudinal direction, free uniaxial stretching is performed in the longitudinal direction at a stretching temperature of 135 ° C. and a stretching ratio of 1.6 times to obtain a long ⁇ / 2 plate (thickness of 35 ⁇ m). ) The obtained ⁇ / 2 plate had a slow axis parallel to the longitudinal direction. The retardation Re and Rth and the NZ coefficient NZh of this ⁇ / 2 plate were measured by the method described above.
- a broadband ⁇ / 4 plate was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ⁇ / 2 plate manufactured in this way was used instead of the ⁇ / 2 plate manufactured in Example 1. The method was evaluated.
- Comparative Example 2 The ⁇ / 2 plate produced in Comparative Example 1 was used in place of the ⁇ / 2 plate produced in Example 1. Further, the ⁇ / 4 plate manufactured in Example 5 was used instead of the ⁇ / 4 plate manufactured in Example 1. Except for the above, a broadband ⁇ / 4 plate was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 and evaluated by the method described above.
- Table 1 shows the retardation Rth and NZ coefficient NZh in the thickness direction of the ⁇ / 2 plate by changing the stretching conditions (stretching temperature, stretching ratio, etc.) of the pre-stretching film and the intermediate film when producing the ⁇ / 2 plate.
- a broadband ⁇ / 4 plate was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the value was changed to the value shown in FIG.
- Table 1 shows the retardation Rth and NZ coefficient NZh in the thickness direction of the ⁇ / 2 plate by changing the stretching conditions (stretching temperature, stretching ratio, etc.) of the pre-stretching film and the intermediate film when producing the ⁇ / 2 plate. Changed to the value shown in. Further, the ⁇ / 4 plate manufactured in Example 5 was used instead of the ⁇ / 4 plate manufactured in Example 1. Except for the above, a broadband ⁇ / 4 plate was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 and evaluated by the method described above.
- Diagonal / longitudinal After uniaxial stretching, free uniaxial stretching was performed in the longitudinal direction. Diagonal: Diagonal stretching was performed. Longitudinal: Free uniaxial stretching was performed in the longitudinal direction.
- Batch A film piece of ⁇ / 2 plate and a film piece of ⁇ / 4 plate were bonded together.
- Roll to Roll A long ⁇ / 2 plate and a long ⁇ / 4 plate were bonded together by a roll-to-roll method.
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Abstract
Description
さらに、特許文献6のような、遅相軸方向がフィルムの面内方向であって、そのフィルムの幅方向に直交でもなく平行でもない斜め方向に存在する位相差フィルムの技術が知られている。
すなわち、本発明は下記のとおりである。
前記λ/2板のNZ係数NZhが、1.5≦NZhである、画像表示装置。
〔2〕 前記λ/2板のNZ係数NZhが、1.5≦NZh≦3.0である、〔1〕記載の画像表示装置。
〔3〕 前記λ/4板のNZ係数NZqが、0.95≦NZq≦1.05である、〔1〕又は〔2〕記載の画像表示装置。
〔4〕 前記直線偏光子の偏光吸収軸に対して、前記λ/2板の遅相軸がなす角度を、αで表すとき、
前記直線偏光子の偏光吸収軸に対して、前記λ/4板の遅相軸がなす角度が、(2α+45°)±5°である、〔1〕~〔3〕のいずれか一項に記載の画像表示装置。
〔5〕 前記直線偏光子の偏光吸収軸に対して、前記λ/2板の遅相軸がなす角度αが、15°±5°である、〔1〕~〔4〕のいずれか一項に記載の画像表示装置。
〔6〕 前記λ/2板及び前記λ/4板が、同一の熱可塑性樹脂を含む、〔1〕~〔5〕のいずれか一項に記載の画像表示装置。
〔7〕 前記λ/2板及び前記λ/4板が、ノルボルネン系樹脂を含む、〔1〕~〔6〕のいずれか一項に記載の画像表示装置。
〔8〕 前記λ/2板が、斜め延伸フィルムである、〔1〕~〔7〕のいずれか一項に記載の画像表示装置。
〔9〕 前記λ/2板が、逐次二軸延伸フィルムである、〔1〕~〔8〕のいずれか一項に記載の画像表示装置。
〔10〕 前記画像表示素子が、液晶セル又は有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子である、〔1〕~〔9〕のいずれか一項に記載の画像表示装置。
本発明の画像表示装置は、視認側から、λ/4板、λ/2板、直線偏光子及び画像表示素子を、この順に備える。画像表示装置としては、画像表示素子の種類に応じて様々なものがあるが、代表的な例としては、液晶表示装置及び有機エレクトロルミネッセンス表示装置が挙げられる。以下、有機エレクトロルミネッセンスを、適宜「有機EL」と呼ぶことがある。
図1に示すように、液晶表示装置100は、光源110;光源側直線偏光子120、画像表示素子としての液晶セル130、及び、視認側直線偏光子140を備える液晶パネル150;並びに、λ/2板160及びλ/4板170を備える広帯域λ/4板180;を、この順に備える。よって、液晶表示装置100は、視認側から、λ/4板170、λ/2板160、視認側直線偏光子140、液晶セル130、光源側直線偏光子120及び光源110を、この順に備える。
図2に示すように、有機EL表示装置200は、画像表示素子としての有機EL素子210;λ/4板220及び直線偏光子230を備える円偏光板240;並びに、λ/2板250及びλ/4板260を備える広帯域λ/4板270;を、この順に備える。よって、有機EL表示装置200は、視認側から、λ/4板260、λ/2板250、直線偏光子230、λ/4板220及び有機EL素子210を、この順に備える。
以下、図1又は図2に示した実施形態に係るλ/2板160及び250のような、λ/2板について説明する。
λ/2板の面内レターデーションは、λ/2板及びλ/4板の組み合わせによって広帯域λ/4板が実現できる範囲で、適切に設定しうる。具体的なλ/2板の面内レターデーションは、好ましくは240nm以上、より好ましくは242nm以上であり、好ましくは300nm以下、より好ましくは280nm以下、特に好ましくは265nm以下である。λ/2板がこのような面内レターデーションを有することにより、λ/2板及びλ/4板を組み合わせて、広帯域λ/4板として機能させることができる。
図3に示す例のように、本発明の画像表示装置は、視認側から、λ/4板310、λ/2板320及び直線偏光子330を、この順に備える。図3に示す例において、λ/4板310が、上述した実施形態に係るλ/4板170及び260に相当し、λ/2板320が、上述した実施形態に係るλ/2板160及び250に相当し、直線偏光子330が、上述した実施形態に係る視認側直線偏光子140及び直線偏光子230に相当する(図1及び図2参照)。
ここで、揮発性成分とは、フィルム中に微量含まれる分子量200以下の物質であり、例えば、残留単量体及び溶媒などが挙げられる。揮発性成分の量は、フィルム中に含まれる分子量200以下の物質の合計として、フィルムをクロロホルムに溶解させてガスクロマトグラフィーにより分析することにより定量することができる。
ここで、飽和吸水率は、フィルムの試験片を23℃の水中に24時間浸漬し、増加した質量の、浸漬前フィルム試験片の質量に対する百分率で表される値である。
例えば、λ/2板の製造方法は、(a)第一工程、(b)第二工程及び(c)第三工程以外に、更に任意の工程を有していてもよい。そのような工程としては、例えば、λ/2板の表面に保護層を設ける工程、λ/2板の表面に化学的処理及び物理的処理等の表面処理を施す工程が挙げられる。
また、例えば、延伸前フィルムとして、延伸前フィルムを任意の方向に延伸したフィルムを用いてもよい。このように、(b)第二工程に供する前に延伸前フィルムを延伸する方法としては、例えば、ロール方式、フロート方式の縦延伸法、テンター延伸機を用いた横延伸法などを用いうる。
以下、図1又は図2に示した実施形態に係るλ/4板170及び260のような、λ/4板について説明する。
λ/4板の面内レターデーションは、λ/2板及びλ/4板の組み合わせによって広帯域λ/4板が実現できる範囲で、適切に設定しうる。具体的なλ/4板の面内レターデーションは、好ましくは110nm以上、より好ましくは118nm以上であり、好ましくは154nm以下、より好ましくは138nm以下、特に好ましくは128nm以下である。λ/4板がこのような面内レターデーションを有することにより、λ/2板及びλ/4板を組み合わせて、広帯域λ/4板として機能させることができる。
また、λ/2板が含む熱可塑性樹脂と、λ/4板が含む熱可塑性樹脂とは、異なっていてもよいが、同一の熱可塑性樹脂であることが好ましい。これにより、λ/2板とλ/4板とを備える広帯域λ/4板として、車載等に使用され高温環境下に置かれた場合でも、λ/2板とλ/4板とが同一方向へ同程度に寸法変化し、熱変形が少ない広帯域λ/4板を実現することができる。
λ/4板のヘイズは、好ましくは5%以下、より好ましくは3%以下、特に好ましくは1%以下であり、理想的には0%である。
λ/4板の好ましい製造方法としては、例えば、(d)熱可塑性樹脂からなる長尺の延伸前フィルムを用意する第四工程と、(e)長尺の延伸前フィルムを延伸して、長尺のλ/4板を得る第五工程と、を含む製造方法が挙げられる。
以下、図1又は図2に示した実施形態に係る視認側直線偏光子140及び直線偏光子230のような、直線偏光子について説明する。
直線偏光子は、偏光透過軸及び偏光吸収軸を有する光学部材であり、偏光吸収軸と平行な振動方向を有する直線偏光を吸収し、偏光透過軸と平行な振動方向を有する直線偏光を通過させうる。画像表示装置において、画像を表示する光は、この直線偏光子を通過した直線偏光が更にλ/2板及びλ/4板の組み合わせを含む広帯域λ/4板を通過することによって円偏光となって、画像表示装置の外へと出て行き、観察者によって視認される。
画像表示素子としては、例えば、液晶セル、有機EL素子などが挙げられる。画像表示装置においては、これらの画像表示素子により、画像が制御されうる。例えば、図1に示す液晶表示装置100では、通常、液晶セル130が、光源110から発せられた光の視認側直線偏光子140を通過する量を制御することで、表示される画像の制御が行われる。また、図2に示す有機EL表示措置200では、通常、有機EL素子210が、当該有機EL素子210が発する光の量を制御することで、表示される画像の制御が行われる。
画像表示装置は、上述した要素以外に、任意の要素を備えていてもよい。任意の要素としては、例えば、直線偏光子を保護するための保護フィルム;フィルム同士を貼り合わせるための接着剤層又は粘着剤層;フィルムの傷付きを抑制するためのガラス;ハードコート層;反射防止層;防汚層等が挙げられる。
〔レターデーション及びNZ係数の測定方法〕
フィルムの面内レターデーションRe、厚み方向のレターデーションRth及びNZ係数は、位相差測定装置(AXOMETRICS社製「AxoScan」)を用いて、測定波長590nmで測定した。
シミュレーション用のソフトウェアとしてシンテック社製「LCD Master」を用いて、各実施例及び比較例で製造された広帯域λ/4板を備える下記の評価モデルを作成した。
前記の画像表示装置を白表示にして、図4に示すように、表示面10に対して極角θ=45°の傾斜方向から見たときに、(i)偏光サングラス20を通して見える画像の色度と、(ii)偏光サングラス20を通さないで見える画像の色度とを計算した。偏光サングラス20としては、水平方向に偏光吸収軸21を有する、視線30に対して垂直な平面形状の理想偏光フィルムを設定した。ここで、極角θとは、表示面10の法線方向11に対してなす角を表す。また、理想偏光フィルムとは、ある方向に平行な振動方向を有する直線偏光の全てを通過させるが、その方向に垂直な振動方向を有する直線偏光を全く通過させないフィルムをいう。そして、(i)偏光サングラス20を通して見える画像の色度と、(ii)偏光サングラス20を通さないで見える画像の色度とから、前述の式(1)を用いて、色差ΔE*abを求めた。
光源、光源側直線偏光板、液晶セル及び視認側直線偏光板をこの順に備える市販の液晶表示装置(Apple社製「iPad」)を用意した。この液晶表示装置の表示面部分を分解し、液晶表示装置の視認側直線偏光板を露出させた。露出した視認側直線偏光板に、実施例又は比較例で製造された広帯域λ/4板のλ/2板側の面を、貼り合わせて、画像表示装置を得た。前記の貼り合わせは、厚み方向から見て、視認側直線偏光板の偏光吸収軸に対してλ/2板及びλ/4板がなす角度α及びβが、それぞれ表1に示す値となるように行った。この画像表示装置は、視認側から、λ/4板、λ/2板、視認側直線偏光板、及び、画像表示素子としての液晶セルを、この順に備えていた。
(1-1.λ/2板の製造)
熱可塑性樹脂として、ノルボルネン系樹脂(日本ゼオン社製「ゼオノア」、ガラス転移温度Tg=126℃)から、溶融押出法により、長尺の延伸前フィルムを製造した。
この中間フィルムを、長手方向に連続的に搬送しながら、長手方向に、延伸温度135℃、延伸倍率1.45倍で自由一軸延伸を行って、長尺のλ/2板(厚み35μm)を得た。得られたλ/2板は、その長手方向に対して15.0°の角度をなす方向に遅相軸を有していた。このλ/2板のレターデーションRe及びRth、並びにNZ係数NZhを、上述した方法で測定した。
λ/2板の製造に用いたのと同じノルボルネン系樹脂から、溶融押出法により、長尺の延伸前フィルムを製造した。
前記のようにして得られた長尺のλ/2板及び長尺のλ/4板から、それぞれフィルム片を切り出し、粘着剤(日東電工社製「CS9621」)を用いて貼り合わせて、広帯域λ/4板を製造した。前記の貼り合わせは、λ/2板のフィルム片の遅相軸と、λ/4板のフィルム片の遅相軸とが、厚み方向から見て60.0°の角度をなすように行った。
こうして得られた広帯域λ/4板を用いて、上述した方法で評価を行った。この際、広帯域λ/4波長板と液晶表示装置の視認側直線偏光板との貼り合わせは、λ/2板の遅相軸と視認側偏光板の吸収軸とが、厚み方向から見て15°の角度をなすように、粘着剤(日東電工社製「CS9621」)を用いて行った。
λ/2板を製造する際の延伸前フィルム及び中間フィルムの延伸条件(延伸温度、延伸倍率など)を変更することにより、λ/2板の厚み方向のレターデーションRth及びNZ係数NZhを表1に示す値に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、広帯域λ/4板を製造し、上述した方法で評価した。
(5-1.λ/2板の製造)
実施例1の工程(1-1)と同様にして、長尺のλ/2板を製造した。
実施例1においてλ/2板の製造に用いたのと同じノルボルネン系樹脂から、溶融押出法により、長尺の延伸前フィルムを製造した。
この延伸前フィルムを、長手方向に連続的に搬送しながら、フィルム端部を把持する把持子を備えたテンター延伸機を用いて、長手方向に対して75°の角度をなす斜め方向に、延伸温度142℃、延伸倍率5.0倍で延伸して、長尺のλ/4板(厚み20μm)を得た。得られたλ/4板は、その長手方向に対して75.0°の角度をなす方向に遅相軸を有していた。このλ/4板のレターデーションRe及びRth、並びにNZ係数NZqを、上述した方法で測定した。
前記のようにして得られた長尺のλ/2板及び長尺のλ/4板を、粘着剤(日東電工社製社製「CS9621」)を用いて、ロール・トウ・ロール法によって貼り合わせて、広帯域λ/4板を製造した。前記の貼り合わせは、λ/2板の長手方向とλ/4板の長手方向とを平行にすることで、λ/2板の遅相軸とλ/4板の遅相軸とが、厚み方向から見て60.0°の角度をなすように行った。
こうして得られた広帯域λ/4板を用いて、上述した方法で評価を行った。
λ/2板を製造する際の延伸前フィルム及び中間フィルムの延伸条件(延伸温度、延伸倍率など)を変更することにより、λ/2板の厚み方向のレターデーションRth及びNZ係数NZhを表1に示す値に変更したこと以外は、実施例5と同様にして、広帯域λ/4板を製造し、上述した方法で評価した。
実施例1においてλ/2板の製造に用いたのと同じノルボルネン系樹脂から、溶融押出法により、長尺の延伸前フィルムを製造した。
前記の延伸前フィルムを、長手方向に連続的に搬送しながら、長手方向に、延伸温度135℃、延伸倍率1.6倍で自由一軸延伸を行って、長尺のλ/2板(厚み35μm)を得た。得られたλ/2板は、その長手方向に平行な遅相軸を有していた。このλ/2板のレターデーションRe及びRth、並びにNZ係数NZhを、上述した方法で測定した。
比較例1で製造したλ/2板を、実施例1で製造したλ/2板の代わりに用いた。また、実施例5で製造したλ/4板を、実施例1で製造したλ/4板の代わりに用いた。以上の事項以外は、実施例1と同様にして、広帯域λ/4板を製造し、上述した方法で評価した。
λ/2板を製造する際の延伸前フィルム及び中間フィルムの延伸条件(延伸温度、延伸倍率など)を変更することにより、λ/2板の厚み方向のレターデーションRth及びNZ係数NZhを表1に示す値に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、広帯域λ/4板を製造し、上述した方法で評価した。
λ/2板を製造する際の延伸前フィルム及び中間フィルムの延伸条件(延伸温度、延伸倍率など)を変更することにより、λ/2板の厚み方向のレターデーションRth及びNZ係数NZhを表1に示す値に変更した。また、実施例5で製造したλ/4板を、実施例1で製造したλ/4板の代わりに用いた。以上の事項以外は、実施例1と同様にして、広帯域λ/4板を製造し、上述した方法で評価した。
前記の実施例及び比較例の結果を、下記の表1に示す。表1において、略称の意味は、下記のとおりである。
Re:面内レターデーション。
Rth:厚み方向のレターデーション。
NZh:λ/2板のNZ係数。
NZq:λ/4板のNZ係数。
α:厚み方向から見て、λ/2板の遅相軸が、視認側直線偏光子の偏光吸収軸に対してなす角度。
β:厚み方向から見て、λ/4板の遅相軸が、視認側直線偏光子の偏光吸収軸に対してなす角度。
斜め/縦:斜め延伸の後、長手方向に自由一軸延伸を行った。
斜め:斜め延伸を行った。
縦:長手方向に自由一軸延伸を行った。
バッチ:λ/2板のフィルム片と、λ/4板のフィルム片とを、貼り合わせた。
Roll to Roll:長尺のλ/2板と長尺のλ/4板とを、ロール・トウ・ロール法で貼り合わせた。
表1に示すように、λ/2板のNZ係数が1.5以上である実施例1~8では、色差ΔE*abが、比較例1~4よりも小さい。このことから、本発明により、表示面の傾斜方向から偏光サングラスを通して見る画像の視認性を良好にできる画像表示装置を実現できることが確認された。また、実施例1~8の結果を比較すれば分かるように、λ/2板のNZ係数NZhが2.5に近いほど、色差ΔE*abを小さくできており、また、目視評価も良好である。このことから、λ/2板のNZ係数NZhは、2.5に近いところに特に好ましい範囲があることが確認された。
11 表示面の法線方向
12 表示面に平行な基準方向
20 偏光サングラス
21 偏光サングラスの偏光吸収軸
30 視線
100 液晶表示装置
100U 液晶表示装置の表示面
110 光源
120 光源側直線偏光子
130 液晶セル
140 視認側直線偏光子
150 液晶パネル
160 λ/2板
170 λ/4板
180 広帯域λ/4板
200 有機EL表示装置
200U 有機EL表示装置の表示面
210 有機EL素子
220 λ/4板
230 直線偏光子
240 円偏光板
250 λ/2板
260 λ/4板
270 広帯域λ/4板
310 λ/4板
320 λ/2板
330 直線偏光子
340 広帯域λ/4板
Claims (10)
- 視認側から、λ/4板、λ/2板、直線偏光子及び画像表示素子を、この順に備え、
前記λ/2板のNZ係数NZhが、1.5≦NZhである、画像表示装置。 - 前記λ/2板のNZ係数NZhが、1.5≦NZh≦3.0である、請求項1記載の画像表示装置。
- 前記λ/4板のNZ係数NZqが、0.95≦NZq≦1.05である、請求項1又は2記載の画像表示装置。
- 前記直線偏光子の偏光吸収軸に対して、前記λ/2板の遅相軸がなす角度を、αで表すとき、
前記直線偏光子の偏光吸収軸に対して、前記λ/4板の遅相軸がなす角度が、(2α+45°)±5°である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の画像表示装置。 - 前記直線偏光子の偏光吸収軸に対して、前記λ/2板の遅相軸がなす角度αが、15°±5°である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の画像表示装置。
- 前記λ/2板及び前記λ/4板が、同一の熱可塑性樹脂を含む、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の画像表示装置。
- 前記λ/2板及び前記λ/4板が、ノルボルネン系樹脂を含む、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の画像表示装置。
- 前記λ/2板が、斜め延伸フィルムである、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の画像表示装置。
- 前記λ/2板が、逐次二軸延伸フィルムである、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の画像表示装置。
- 前記画像表示素子が、液晶セル又は有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子である、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の画像表示装置。
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WO2020066899A1 (ja) * | 2018-09-28 | 2020-04-02 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | 光学フィルム及びその製造方法、光学積層体並びに液晶表示装置 |
CN112703435A (zh) * | 2018-09-28 | 2021-04-23 | 日本瑞翁株式会社 | 光学膜及其制造方法、光学层叠体以及液晶显示装置 |
JPWO2020066899A1 (ja) * | 2018-09-28 | 2021-10-07 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | 光学フィルム及びその製造方法、光学積層体並びに液晶表示装置 |
TWI808262B (zh) * | 2018-09-28 | 2023-07-11 | 日商日本瑞翁股份有限公司 | 光學薄膜及其製造方法、光學堆疊體以及液晶顯示裝置 |
JP7463965B2 (ja) | 2018-09-28 | 2024-04-09 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | 光学フィルム及びその製造方法、光学積層体並びに液晶表示装置 |
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KR20180121773A (ko) | 2018-11-08 |
CN108701431A (zh) | 2018-10-23 |
US20190235146A1 (en) | 2019-08-01 |
JPWO2017150375A1 (ja) | 2018-12-20 |
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