WO2017146949A1 - Compositions de polymères thermoplastiques rigides à modification isocyanate - Google Patents

Compositions de polymères thermoplastiques rigides à modification isocyanate Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017146949A1
WO2017146949A1 PCT/US2017/017866 US2017017866W WO2017146949A1 WO 2017146949 A1 WO2017146949 A1 WO 2017146949A1 US 2017017866 W US2017017866 W US 2017017866W WO 2017146949 A1 WO2017146949 A1 WO 2017146949A1
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Prior art keywords
polymer
diol
monomeric
residues
daltons
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PCT/US2017/017866
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English (en)
Inventor
Marc Alan Strand
Thomas Joseph Pecorini
Patricia HILL-WILDER
Tabatha STEARNS
Ross W. YOST
Jason Christopher Jenkins
Anne-Martine S. JACKSON
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Eastman Chemical Company
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Priority to US16/077,565 priority Critical patent/US11208520B2/en
Priority to EP17757007.4A priority patent/EP3420012A4/fr
Priority to CN201780012999.3A priority patent/CN108699213A/zh
Publication of WO2017146949A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017146949A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
    • C08G18/3203—Polyhydroxy compounds
    • C08G18/3212—Polyhydroxy compounds containing cycloaliphatic groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/08—Processes
    • C08G18/0895—Manufacture of polymers by continuous processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
    • C08G18/3203—Polyhydroxy compounds
    • C08G18/3215—Polyhydroxy compounds containing aromatic groups or benzoquinone groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
    • C08G18/4202—Two or more polyesters of different physical or chemical nature
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
    • C08G18/4205—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing cyclic groups
    • C08G18/4208—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing cyclic groups containing aromatic groups
    • C08G18/4211—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing cyclic groups containing aromatic groups derived from aromatic dicarboxylic acids and dialcohols
    • C08G18/4213—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing cyclic groups containing aromatic groups derived from aromatic dicarboxylic acids and dialcohols from terephthalic acid and dialcohols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
    • C08G18/4205—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing cyclic groups
    • C08G18/4208—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing cyclic groups containing aromatic groups
    • C08G18/4227—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing cyclic groups containing aromatic groups derived from aromatic polycarboxylic acids containing at least two aromatic rings and polyhydroxy compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
    • C08G18/46—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain having heteroatoms other than oxygen
    • C08G18/4676—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain having heteroatoms other than oxygen containing sulfur
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
    • C08G18/6633—Compounds of group C08G18/42
    • C08G18/6637—Compounds of group C08G18/42 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38
    • C08G18/664—Compounds of group C08G18/42 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3203
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
    • C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
    • C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
    • C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
    • C08G18/7657—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings
    • C08G18/7664—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups
    • C08G18/7671—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups containing only one alkylene bisphenyl group
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
    • C08G63/12—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
    • C08G63/16—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to thermoplastic polymers.
  • this invention relates to thermoplastic polymer compositions having desirable properties, as well as methods of making and using the same.
  • Thermoplastic polymers are useful in a wide variety of applications, including, for example, various electrical, automotive, medical, consumer, industrial, and packaging applications.
  • Thermoplastic polymers are advantaged over thermoset plastics in that thermoplastic polymers can be easily melt processed in to a variety of useful articles.
  • Different types of thermoplastic polymers have different properties that make them desirable for certain end uses.
  • Elastomeric thermoplastic polymers have glass transition temperature values below room temperature and low modulus values making them suitable for applications requiring flexibility and stretchability.
  • rigid thermoplastic polymers have glass transition temperature values above room temperature and high modulus values making them suitable for applications requiring stiffness and strength.
  • Thermoplastic polyesters are one class of thermoplastic polymers which are generally formed by polycondensation of a monomeric diacid and a monomeric diol.
  • Thermoplastic polyesters can be either elastomeric or rigid, but the vast majority are rigid.
  • Rigid thermoplastic polyesters exhibit desirable properties such as dimensional stability, chemical resistance, heat resistance, low creep, low haze, good color stability, and/or toughness, depending, at least in part, on the specific composition and morphology of the material.
  • thermoplastic polyesters must be processed at high temperatures that can cause molecular weight degradation, which adversely effects the properties of the final material.
  • thermoplastic polyesters degrade significantly at temperatures above 300 °C, and, as a result, the use of these materials in high temperature applications is very limited.
  • Thermoplastic polyurethanes are another type of thermoplastic polymer, which are formed by the reaction of isocyanates and diols.
  • the vast majority of TPUs have glass transition temperature values well below room temperature and have low modulus values, and, as a result, most are elastomeric or, at best, partially rigid.
  • traditional thermoplastic polyurethanes are not used in applications requiring polymers capable of exhibiting high stiffness and strength.
  • thermoplastic polyurethane RTPU
  • thermoplastic polyester compositions that can be processed at temperatures much lower than 300 °C.
  • this could enable rigid thermoplastic polyester compositions that can be processed (e.g., molded) and that would be suitable for use in high temperature applications.
  • the polymer would be compatible with existing thermoplastic processes and equipment, and could be used in a many types of articles, and would exhibit similar, or better, properties than articles formed with conventional rigid thermoplastic polymers.
  • thermoplastic polymer comprises residues of at least one linear polymeric polyester diol, wherein the linear polymeric polyester diol comprises residues of at least one monomeric diacid and at least one monomeric diol and the linear polymeric polyester diol has a number average molecular weight of at least 400 Daltons.
  • thermoplastic polymer further comprises residues of at least one diisocyanate monomer, and the residues of the diisocyanate monomer are present in the polymer in an amount of not more than 40 weight percent, based on the total weight of the polymer.
  • the polymer has a tensile modulus of at least 1000 MPa or a glass transition temperature of at least 70 °C. In some embodiments, the polymer has a glass transition temperature of at least 70 °C. In some embodiments, the polymer has a tensile modulus of at least 1000 MPa. In embodiments, the polymer has a tensile modulus of at least 1000 MPa and a glass transition temperature of at least 70 °C.
  • the linear polymeric polyester diol has a glass transition temperature of at least -5 °C. In some embodiments, the linear polymeric polyester diol has a number average molecular weight in the range from 400 to 5000 Daltons, or from 450 to 3000 Daltons.
  • the monomeric diol is selected from the group consisting of 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl- 1 ,3-cyclobutanediol, isosorbide, 1 ,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1 ,3- cyclohexanedimethanol, ethylene glycol, 2,2' ((sulfonylbis(4,1 - phenylene))bis(oxy)diethanol, 2,6-decalinedimethanol, tricyclodecane dimethanol, 1 ,4 benzene dimethanol, 2,2'-(1 ,4-phenylenebis (oxy))diethanol, 2,2'-(2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro(5,5)undecane-3,9-diyl)bis(2-methylpropan-1 -ol), neopentyl glycol, and combinations thereof.
  • the monomeric diol is selected from the group consisting of 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1 ,3- cyclobutanediol, isosorbide, 1 ,4-cycohexanedimethanol, ethylene glycol, 2,6- decalinedimethanol, 1 ,4 benzene dimethanol, neopentyl glycol, and combinations thereof.
  • the linear polymeric polyester diol comprises residues of at least two monomeric diols.
  • the linear polymeric polyester diol comprises residues of at least two monomeric diols chosen from 2, 2,4,4-tetramethyl-1 ,3-cyclobutanediol, 1 ,4- cyclohexanedimethanol, and ethylene glycol; or chosen from 2,2,4,4- tetramethyl-1 ,3-cyclobutanediol and at least one of 1 ,4-cyclohexanedimethanol or ethylene glycol.
  • the monomeric diacid is selected from the group consisting of terephthalic acid, dimethyl-terephthalic acid, 4,4,- sulfonyldibenzoic acid, resorcinol-o,o'diacetic acid, dimethylsuccinate, dimethyl biphenyl 4,4'-dicarboxylate, 1 ,4 cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 4,4'- stilbenedicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenoxy acetic acid, dimethyl isophthalate, dimethyl 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate, dimethyl decahydronaphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylate, succinic acid, furan dicarboxylic acid, dimethyl furan dicarboxylate, and combinations thereof; or is selected from the group consisting of terephthalic acid, dimethyl-terephthalic acid, and combinations thereof.
  • the monomeric diol is selected from the group consisting of 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1 ,3-cyclobutanediol, isosorbide, 1 ,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, ethylene glycol, 2,6- decalinedimethanol, 1 ,4 benzene dimethanol, and combinations thereof and/or the monomeric diacid is selected from the group consisting of terephthalic acid, dimethyl-terephthalic acid, 4,4, -sulfonyldibenzoic acid, dimethyl biphenyl 4,4'- dicarboxylate, 1 ,4 cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-stilbenedicarboxylic acid, dimethyl isophthalate, dimethyl 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate, dimethyl decahydronaphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylate, and combinations thereof.
  • the diisocyanate monomer comprises an aromatic diisocyanate monomer. In one embodiment, the diisocyanate monomer comprises 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate.
  • the polymer further comprises at least 0.5 weight percent of residues of at least one supplemental monomeric diol, based on the total weight of the polymer.
  • polymer further comprises at least 0.5 weight percent of residues of at least one supplemental monomeric diol, based on the total weight of the polymer, wherein said supplemental monomeric diol is selected from the group consisting of 2,2,4,4- tetramethyl-1 ,3-cyclobutanediol, isosorbide, 1 ,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1 ,3- cyclohexanedimethanol, ethylene glycol, 2,6-decalinedimethanol, tricyclodecane dimethanol, 1 ,4 benzene dimethanol, neopentyl glycol, and combinations thereof.
  • the polymer further comprises residues of at least one branching monomer and/or at least one multifunctional isocyanate, wherein the total amount of said residues of said branching monomer and said multifunctional isocyanate present in said polymer are not more than 1 weight percent, based on the total weight of the polymer.
  • the polymer has a number average molecular weight of at least 10,000 Daltons, or from 10,000 to 100,000 Daltons. In embodiments, the polymer has a tensile modulus of at least 1000 MPa and a glass transition temperature of at least 70 °C. In embodiments, the difference between the lower process temperature (T p ) and the glass transition temperature (T g ) of the polymer is not more than 135 °C, or not more than 1 10 °C.
  • the monomeric diacid comprises residues of terephthalic acid and the monomeric diol comprises residues of at least two monomeric diols selected from the group consisting of 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1 ,3- cyclobutanediol, isosorbide, 1 ,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, ethylene glycol, 2,6- decalinedimethanol, 1 ,4 benzene dimethanol, and combinations thereof, wherein the residues of at least one of said at least two monomeric diols is present in the polymer in an amount in the range of from 1 to 50 mole percent and wherein the residues of another of the at least two monomeric diols is present in the polymer in an amount in the range of from 50 to 99 mole percent, based on 100 mole percent for the diol component of said linear polymeric polyester diol; the diisocyanate monomer comprises 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate; and
  • the polymer further comprises residues of at least one supplemental monomeric diol in an amount from 0.5 to 20 weight percent, based on the total weight of the polymer.
  • the linear polymeric polyester diol has a number average molecular weight in the range of from 500 to 2000 Daltons and a glass transition temperature of at least 0 °C, and the polymer comprises 0.5 to 15 weight percent of residues of at least one supplemental monomeric diol, based on the total weight of the polymer.
  • the invention is directed to a method for making a thermoplastic polymer comprising: combining at least one polymeric polyester diol, at least one monomeric diisocyanate, and, optionally, at least one supplemental monomeric diol in a reaction zone, optionally, in the presence of a catalyst; and reacting the combination in the reaction zone to form a thermoplastic polymer; wherein the thermoplastic polymer comprises: (a) residues of the at least one linear polymeric polyester diol, wherein said linear polymeric polyester diol comprises residues of: (i) at least one monomeric diacid; and (ii) at least one monomeric diol, wherein said linear polymeric polyester diol has a number average molecular weight of at least 400 Daltons; and (b) residues of the at least one diisocyanate monomer, wherein said residues of said diisocyanate monomer are present in the polymer in an amount of not more than 40 weight percent, based on the total weight of said polymer;
  • the polymer has a glass transition temperature of at least 70 °C. In some embodiments, the polymer has a tensile modulus of at least 1000 MPa. In some embodiments, the invention is directed to a method for making a thermoplastic polymer having a glass transition temperature of at least 70 °C and a tensile modulus of at least 1000 MPa.
  • FIG. 1 is a graphical depiction of a temperature scan of several inventive and comparative polymers as described in Example 7.
  • FIG. 2 is a graphical depiction of a temperature scan of several other inventive and comparative polymers as described in Example 7.
  • thermoplastic polymer compositions relate to an isocyanate-modified thermoplastic polymer composition, as well as methods of making and using the same. It has been discovered that addition of minor amounts of diisocyanate materials to certain thermoplastic polymer compositions may provide rigid polymers with glass transition temperatures and/or high modulus values that can be melt processed at temperatures significantly lower than 300 °C. These rigid polymers, which differ from traditional thermoplastic polyesters, thermoplastic polyurethanes, and rigid thermoplastic polyurethanes, may be used in conventional applications to provide shaped articles including, but not limited to, sheets, films, tubes, preforms, bottles, profiles, and other similar articles, which exhibit similar, or superior, properties as compared to similar articles formed from conventional thermoplastic materials.
  • thermoplastic is intended to have its plain meaning as understood by persons of ordinary skill in the art.
  • a thermoplastic polymer is a polymer that softens when exposed to heat and that returns to its original conditions when cooled to room temperature.
  • thermoset or “thermosetting,” as used herein, are also intended to have the plain meaning understood by persons of ordinary skill in the art. More specifically, thermosetting polymers or prepolymers are those which are irreversibly curable by application of heat, chemicals, and/or irradiated energy.
  • polymers of the present invention may be thermoplastic and, therefore, exclude conventional thermoset or thermosetting materials. Additional details regarding the specific composition of the inventive polymers, as well as methods of making and using the same, will be discussed further below.
  • thermoplastic polymers of the present invention comprise residues of at least one polymeric diol and at least one isocyanate.
  • residue refers to any organic structure incorporated into a polymeric material by a step growth, polycondensation, or ring opening reaction involving the corresponding monomer. It should also be understood that residues associated with various polymeric materials, including polymeric diols, may be derived from the parent monomer compound itself or any suitable derivative thereof.
  • a polyester diol comprising residues of a diacid may be derived from a dicarboxylic acid monomer or its associated acid halides, esters, half-esters, salts, half-salts, anhydrides, mixed anhydrides, or mixtures thereof.
  • the generic name of the parent monomer such as, for example, "diacid,” is intended to include the parent monomer itself as well as its derivatives, unless otherwise noted.
  • diol refers to a compound having two reactive hydroxyl-functional groups.
  • a diol formed from a single molecular unit is referred to as "monomeric diol,” while the term “polymeric diol” is used to refer to a diol having two or more molecular units.
  • Polymeric diols may be formed by, for example, reacting a hydroxyl-functional monomer with one or more other types of monomers.
  • At least about 45, at least about 50, at least about 55, at least about 60, at least about 65, at least about 70, at least about 75, or at least about 80 weight percent of the total residues of the thermoplastic polymer may be residues of one or more polymeric diols. Additionally, or in the alternative, not more than about 95, not more than about 92.5, or not more than about 90 weight percent of the total residues of the thermoplastic polymer may comprise residues of one or more polymeric diols.
  • suitable polymeric diols can include, but are not limited to, polyester diols, polyether diols, polycaprolactone diols, polycarbonate diols, and combinations thereof.
  • the thermoplastic polymer may include residues of one or more polymeric diols in an amount in the range of from 45 to 95 weight percent, 45 to 92.5 weight percent, about 45 to about 90 weight percent, from 50 to 95 weight percent, 50 to 92.5 weight percent, about 50 to about 90 weight percent, from about 55 to about 95 weight percent, about 55 to about 92.5 weight percent, about 55 to about 90 weight percent, from about 60 to about 95 weight percent, about 60 to about 92.5 weight percent, about 60 to about 90 weight percent, from about 65 to about 95 weight percent, about 65 to about 92.5 weight percent, about 65 to about 90 weight percent, from about 70 to about 95 weight percent, about 70 to about 92.5 weight percent, about 70 to about 90 weight percent, from about 75 to about 95 weight percent, about 75 to about 92.5 weight percent, about 75 to about 90 weight percent, from about 80 to about 95 weight percent, about 80 to about 92.5 weight percent, or about 80 to about 90 weight percent, based on the total weight of the polymer.
  • the polymeric diol used to form the thermoplastic polymers of the present invention may include at least one linear polymeric polyester diol.
  • linear diol when used in reference to a polymeric diol, refers to a polymeric diol having a theoretical hydroxyl functionality of less than 2.2.
  • the linear polyester polymeric diols suitable for use in the thermoplastic polymers described herein may have a theoretical hydroxyl functionality of not more than 2.15, not more than 2.10, not more than 2.05, or not more than 2.01 .
  • the isocyanate-modified thermoplastic polymer materials described herein may include less than about 5, less than about 3, less than about 2, less than about 1 , less than about 0.5, or less than about 0.1 weight percent of residues of one or more nonlinear polymeric polyester multifunctional alcohols having a hydroxyl functionality of 2.2 or greater, based on the total weight of the polymer.
  • the thermoplastic polymer may include not more than about 10, not more than about 7, not more than about 5, not more than about 3, not more than about 2, not more than about 1 , or not more than about 0.5 weight percent of one or more linear polymeric diols other than a linear polymeric polyester diol, based on the total weight of the polymer.
  • the polymeric polyester diols used to form the isocyanate-modified thermoplastic polymers described herein comprise an acid component, a diol component, and, optionally, a multifunctional alcohol component.
  • the polymeric polyester diols used in the present invention typically can be prepared from dicarboxylic acids and diols which react in substantially equal proportions and are incorporated into the polyester diol as their corresponding residues.
  • the polyester diols of the present invention therefore, can contain substantially equal molar proportions of acid residues (100 mole%) and diol (and/or multifunctional hydroxyl compounds) residues (100 mole%) such that the total moles of repeating units is equal to 100 mole%.
  • the mole percentages provided in the present disclosure may be based on the total moles of acid residues (or total moles of acid component), the total moles of diol residues (or total moles of diol component), or the total moles of repeating units.
  • a polyester containing 30 mole% isophthalic acid based on the total acid residues, means the polyester contains 30 mole% isophthalic acid residues out of a total of 100 mole% acid residues.
  • a polyester containing 30 mole% 2,2,4,4- tetramethyl-1 ,3-cyclobutanediol means the polyester contains 30 mole% 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1 ,3-cyclobutanediol residues out of a total of 100 mole% diol residues.
  • the acid component of the polymeric polyester diol may comprise residues of one or more monomeric diacids.
  • the term “diacid” refers to a compound that includes two reactive carboxyl functional groups
  • the term “monomeric diacid” refers to a diacid having a single molecular unit.
  • at least about 95, at least about 97, at least about 99, or at least about 99.5 mole percent of the total acid component of the polymeric polyester diol may include residues of one or more monomeric diacids.
  • the acid component of the polymeric polyester diol may include residues of at least one monomeric multifunctional acid having more than two reactive carboxyl functional groups.
  • residues of monomeric multifunctional acids are generally present in an amount of less than about 5, less than about 3, less than about 1 , or less than about 0.5 mole percent, based on the total moles of the acid component.
  • the acid component of the polymeric polyester diol includes no residues of monomeric multifunctional acids.
  • the acid component can include two or more different monomeric diacid residues.
  • the diacids may be of the same type ⁇ e.g., two different aromatic diacids) or of different types ⁇ e.g., an aromatic diacid and an aliphatic diacid), and the residues of each of the different diacids may be present in similar or different amounts, based on the total moles of the acid component.
  • the residues of at least one of the first and second monomeric diacids may be present in an amount of at least about 1 , at least about 5, at least about 10, at least about 20, or at least about 25 mole percent and/or not more than about 50, not more than about 40, not more than about 35 mole percent, based on the total moles of the acid component, while the other of the first and second monomeric diacids may be present in an amount of at least about 50, at least about 60, or at least about 65 mole percent, and/or not more than about 99, not more than about 95, not more than about 90, not more than about 80, or not more than about 75 mole percent, based on the total moles of the acid component.
  • the residues of each of the first and the second monomeric diacids may be present in an amount of at least about 40 or at least about 45 mole percent, and/or not more than about 60, not more than about 55, or not more than about 50 mole percent, based on the total moles of the acid component.
  • the acid component may include residues of at least three, or four or more different monomeric diacids.
  • the residues of at least one of the first and second monomeric diacids may be present in an amount in the range of from about 1 to about 50, about 1 to about 40 mole percent, about 1 to about 35 mole percent, about 5 to about 50 mole percent, about 5 to about 40 mole percent, about 5 to about 35 mole percent, about 10 to about 50 mole percent, about 10 to about 40 mole percent, about 10 to about 35 mole percent, about 20 to about 50 mole percent, about 20 to about 40 mole percent, about 20 to about 35 mole percent, about 25 to about 50 mole percent, about 25 to about 40 mole percent, or about 25 to about 35 mole percent, based on the total moles of the acid component.
  • the other of the first and second monomeric diacids may be present in an amount in the range of from about 50 to about 99 mole percent, about 50 to about 95 mole percent, about 50 to about 90 mole percent, about 50 to about 80 mole percent, about 50 to about 75 mole percent, about 60 to about 99 mole percent, about 60 to about 95 mole percent, about 60 to about 90 mole percent, about 60 to about 80 mole percent, about 60 to about 75 mole percent, about 65 to about 99 mole percent, about 65 to about 95 mole percent, about 65 to about 90 mole percent, about 65 to about 80 mole percent, or about 65 to about 75 mole percent, based on the total moles of the acid component.
  • the residues of each of the first and the second monomeric diacids are present in the acid component in an amount in the range of from about 40 to about 60 mole percent, about 40 to about 55 mole percent, about 40 to about 50 mole percent, about 45 to about 60 mole percent, about 45 to about 55 mole percent, or about 45 to about 50 mole percent, based on the total moles of the acid component.
  • Any suitable type of monomeric diacid may be used to form the polymeric polyester diol described herein.
  • Aromatic diacids, aliphatic diacids, acyclic diacids, alicyclic diacids, and combinations thereof may be employed.
  • Suitable monomeric diacids can include, but are not limited to, terephthalic acid, dimethyl-terephthalic acid, 4,4,-sulfonyldibenzoic acid, resorcinol-o,o'diacetic acid, dimethylsuccinate, dimethyl biphenyl 4,4'- dicarboxylate, 1 ,4 cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-stilbenedicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenoxy acetic acid, isophthalic acid, dimethyl isophthalate, dimethyl 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate, dimethyl decahydronaphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylate, succinic acid, adipic acid, furan dicarboxylic acid, dimethyl furan dicarboxylate, and combinations thereof.
  • the polymeric polyester diol can include residues of at least one monomeric diacid selected from the group consisting of terephthalic acid, dimethyl-terephthalic acid, 4,4,-sulfonyldibenzoic acid, dimethyl biphenyl 4,4'-dicarboxylate, 1 ,4 cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-stilbenedicarboxylic acid, dimethyl isophthalate, dimethyl 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate, dimethyl decahydronaphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylate, adipic acid, furan dicarboxylic acid, dimethyl furan dicarboxylate, and combinations thereof.
  • the term "diacid” encompasses the associated acid halides, esters, half-esters, salts, half-salts, anhydrides, or mixed anhydrides of the above-listed components.
  • the polymeric polyester diol also includes a diol component comprising residues of one or more monomeric diols.
  • diol refers to a compound having two reactive hydroxyl-functional groups
  • monomeric diol refers to a diol formed from a single molecular unit.
  • at least about 95, at least about 97, at least about 99, or at least about 99.5 mole percent of the diol component may include residues of one or more monomeric diols.
  • the diol component of the polymeric polyester diol may include residues of at least one monomeric multifunctional alcohol having more than two reactive hydroxyl functional groups.
  • the residues of monomeric multifunctional alcohols are generally present in an amount of less than about 5, less than about 3, less than about 1 , or less than about 0.5 mole percent, based on the total moles of the diol component.
  • the diol component of the polymeric polyester diol can include residues of two or more different monomeric diols.
  • the monomeric diols may be of the same type ⁇ e.g., two different aromatic diols) or of different types ⁇ e.g., an aromatic diol and an aliphatic diol), and the residues of each of the different monomeric diols may be present in similar or different amounts, based on the total moles of the diol component.
  • the residues of at least one of the first and second monomeric diols may be present in an amount of at least about 1 , at least about 5, at least about 10, at least about 20, at least about 25 mole percent, or at least about 30 mole percent and/or not more than about 50, not more than about 40, not more than about 35 mole percent, based on the total moles of the diol component, while the other of the residues of the first and second monomeric diols may be present in an amount of at least about 50, at least about 60, at least about 70 mole percent and/or not more than about 99, not more than about 95, not more than about 90, not more than about 80, or not more than about 75 mole percent, based on the total moles of the diol component.
  • the residues of each of the first and the second monomeric diols may be present in an amount of at least about 40 or at least about 45 mole percent and/or not more than about 60, not more than about 55, or not more than about 50 mole percent, based on the total moles of the diol component.
  • the diol component may include residues of at least three, or four or more different monomeric diols.
  • the residues of at least one of the first and second monomeric diols may be present in an amount in the range of from about 1 to about 50, about 1 to about 40 mole percent, about 1 to about 35 mole percent, about 5 to about 50 mole percent, about 5 to about 40 mole percent, about 5 to about 35 mole percent, about 10 to about 50 mole percent, about 10 to about 40 mole percent, about 10 to about 35 mole percent, about 20 to about 50 mole percent, about 20 to about 40 mole percent, about 20 to about 35 mole percent, about 25 to about 50 mole percent, about 25 to about 40 mole percent, or about 25 to about 35 mole percent, based on the total moles of the diol component.
  • the other of the first and second monomeric diols may be present in an amount in the range of from about 50 to about 99 mole percent, about 50 to about 95 mole percent, about 50 to about 90 mole percent, about 50 to about 80 mole percent, about 50 to about 75 mole percent, about 60 to about 99 mole percent, about 60 to about 95 mole percent, about 60 to about 90 mole percent, about 60 to about 80 mole percent, about 60 to about 75 mole percent, about 65 to about 99 mole percent, about 65 to about 95 mole percent, about 65 to about 90 mole percent, about 65 to about 80 mole percent, or about 65 to about 75 mole percent, based on the total moles of the diol component.
  • the residues of each of the first and the second monomeric diols are present in the diol component in an amount in the range of from about 40 to about 60 mole percent, about 40 to about 55 mole percent, about 40 to about 50 mole percent, about 45 to about 60 mole percent, about 45 to about 55 mole percent, or about 45 to about 50 mole percent, based on the total moles of the diol component.
  • Any suitable type of monomeric diol may be used to form the polymeric polyester diol described herein.
  • Aromatic diols, aliphatic diols, acyclic diols, alicyclic diols, and combinations thereof may be employed.
  • Suitable monomeric diols can include, but are not limited to, 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1 ,3-cyclobutanediol, isosorbide, 1 ,4- cyclohexanedimethanol, 1 ,3-cyclohexanedimethanol, ethylene glycol, 2,2'- ((sulfonylbis(4,1 -phenylene))bis(oxy)diethanol, 2,6-decalinedimethanol, tricyclodecane dimethanol, 1 ,4 benzene dimethanol, 2, 2'-(1 ,4-phenylenebis (oxy))diethanol, 2,2'-(2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro(5,5)undecane-3,9-diyl)bis(2- methylpropan-1 -ol), neopentyl glycol, and combinations thereof.
  • the polymeric polyester diol may include residues of at least one diol selected from the group consisting of 2, 2,4,4-tetramethyl-1 ,3- cyclobutanediol, isosorbide, 1 ,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, ethylene glycol, 2,6- decalinedimethanol, 1 ,4-benzene dimethanol, and combinations thereof.
  • the monomeric diols used to form the polymeric polyester diol described herein comprise 2, 2,4,4-tetramethyl-1 ,3-cyclobutanediol and 1 ,4- cyclohexanedimethanol.
  • the polymeric polyester diol comprises 2,2,4,4- tetramethyl-1 ,3-cyclobutanediol in an amount from 50 to 80 mole percent and 1 ,4-cyclohexanedimethanol in an amount from 20 to 50 mole percent; or 2, 2,4,4-tetramethyl-1 ,3-cyclobutanediol in an amount from 60 to 80 mole percent and 1 ,4-cyclohexanedimethanol in an amount from 20 to 40 mole percent; or 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1 ,3-cyclobutanediol in an amount from 65 to 75 mole percent and 1 ,4-cyclohexanedimethanol in an amount from 25 to 35 mole percent; or 2, 2,4,4-tetramethyl-1 ,3-cyclobutanediol in an amount of about 70 mole percent and 1 ,4-cyclohexanedimethanol in an amount of about mole percent; all
  • the 2, 2,4,4-tetramethyl-1 ,3-cyclobutanediol and 1 ,4- cyclohexanedimethanol with less than 5, or less than 4, or less than 3, or less than 2, or less than 1 mole percent of any other monomeric diols, based on the total moles of the diol component. In one embodiment, this is no other intentionally added monomeric diol to the polymeric polyester diol.
  • the diacid component comprises at least 95 mole percent, or 100 mole percent, of terephthalic acid or a derivative, based on the total moles of the diacid component.
  • the polymeric polyester diol used to form thermoplastic polymers of the present invention may have a molecular weight of at least 400 Daltons.
  • the terms "molecular weight” and “number average molecular weight” refers to the number average molecular weight measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) according to ASTM method D-5296 using HFIP/methylene chloride as a solvent in an Agilent 1 100 Series GPC-SEC system with a refractive index detector calibrated to polystyrene standards.
  • the number average molecular weight of the polymeric polyester diol can be at least about 450, at least about 500 Daltons, or at least about 600 Daltons and/or not more than about 5000, not more than about 4000, not more than about 3000, not more than about 2500, not more than about 2000, not more than about 1800 Daltons, or not more than about 1200 Daltons.
  • the polymeric polyester diol may have a number average molecular weight in the range of from about 400 to about 5000 Daltons, about 400 to about 4000 Daltons, about 400 to about 3000 Daltons, about 400 to about 2500 Daltons, about 400 to about 2000 Daltons, about 400 to about 1800 Daltons, about 400 to about 1200 Daltons, about 450 to about 5000 Daltons, about 450 to about 4000 Daltons, about 450 to about 3000 Daltons, about 450 to about 2500 Daltons, about 450 to about 2000 Daltons, about 450 to about 1800 Daltons, about 450 to about 1200 Daltons, about 500 to about 5000 Daltons, about 500 to about 4000 Daltons, about 500 to about 3000 Daltons, about 500 to about 2500 Daltons, about 500 to about 2000 Daltons, about 500 to about 1800 Daltons, about 500 to about 1200 Daltons, about 600 to about 5000 Daltons, about 600 to about 4000 Daltons, about 600 to about 3000 Daltons, about 600 to about 2500 Daltons, about 600 to about 5000
  • the polymeric polyester diols having molecular weights in one or more of the above ranges may also have a glass transition temperature greater than about -5 °C, measured using a Q2000 differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) available from TA Instruments according to ASTM method D-3418 at a scanning rate of 20 ⁇ / ⁇ .
  • DSC differential scanning calorimeter
  • the polymeric polyester diol can have a glass transition temperature of at least about 0, at least about 5, at least about 10, at least about 15, at least about 20, at least about 25, at least about 30, at least about 35, at least about 40, at least about 45, at least about 50, at least about 55 °C and/or not more than about 150, not more than about 145, not more than about 140, not more than about 135, not more than about 130, not more than about 1 25, not more than about 120, not more than about 1 15, not more than about 1 10, not more than about 105, not more than about 100, not more than about 95, not more than about 90, not more than about 85, not more than about not more than about 80, not more than about 75, not more than about 70, not more than about 65, not more than about 60, or not more than about 55, not more than about 50, not more than about 45, not more than about 40, not more than about 35, not more than about 30, or not more than about 25 °C.
  • the glass transition temperature of the polymeric polyester diol can be in the range of from about -5 to about 150 °C, about -5 to about 145 °C, about -5 to about 140 °C, about -5 to about 135 °C, about -5 to about 130 °C, about -5 to about 125 °C, about -5 to about 120 °C, about -5 to about 1 15 °C, about -5 to about 1 10 °C, about -5 to about 105 °C, about -5 to about 100 °C, about -5 to about 95 °C, about -5 to about 90 °C, about -5 to about 85 °C, about -5 to about 80 °C, about -5 to about 75 °C, about -5 to about 70 °C, about -5 to about 65 °C, about -5 to about 60 °C, about -5 to about 55 °C, about -5 to about 50 °C, about -5 to about 45 °C, about -5 to about 40
  • the thermoplastic polymer described herein may include residues of two or more different polymeric polyester diols.
  • the thermoplastic polymer may include at least a first polymeric polyester diol and a second polymeric polyester diol. It is preferred that the first and second polymeric polyester diols do not transesterify with one another, so that the thermoplastic polymer includes at least 0.5 weight percent of residues each of the first and second polymeric polyester diols.
  • the weight ratio of the first and second polyester diols can be from 90:10 to 10:90, 80:20 to 20:80, 70:30 to 30:70, or 60:40 to 40:60.
  • the residues of each of the first and second polymeric polyester diols may be present in the thermoplastic polymer in an amount of at least about 1 , at least about 5, at least about 10, at least about 15, at least about 20, at least about 25, at least about 35, at least about 40, or at least about 45 weight percent, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic polymer and/or not more than about 50, not more than about 40, not more than about 35 weight percent, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic polymer.
  • the residues of each of the first and second polymeric polyester diols may be present in the thermoplastic polymer in similar amounts, or the residues of one of the polymeric polyester diols may be present in a greater amount than the residues of the other.
  • the residues of each of the first and second polymeric polyester diols may be present in the thermoplastic polymer in an amount in the range of from about 1 to about 50, about 1 to about 40 weight percent, about 1 to about 35 weight percent, about 5 to about 50 weight percent, about 5 to about 40 weight percent, about 5 to about 35 weight percent, about 10 to about 50 weight percent, about 10 to about 40 weight percent, about 10 to about 35 weight percent, about 15 to about 50 weight percent, about 15 to about 40 weight percent, about 15 to about 35 weight percent, about 20 to about 50 weight percent, about 20 to about 40 weight percent, about 20 to about 35 weight percent, about 25 to about 50 weight percent, about 25 to about 40 weight percent, about 25 to about 35 weight percent, or about 30 to 35 weight percent.
  • the polymeric polyester diols used to form thermoplastic polymer materials as described herein can be formed according to any suitable method.
  • the diacid and diol starting materials may be combined and heated under conditions sufficient to form the desired polymeric polyester diol.
  • Byproducts such as water (if acids are used as starting materials) or alcohol (if esters are used as starting materials) may be collected and removed from the reaction zone in order to promote synthesis of the polymeric polyester diol.
  • the reaction temperature can be in the range of from about 150 to about 250 °C, and the reaction pressure may be at or below atmospheric.
  • the reaction may proceed for an amount of time sufficient to achieve a glass transition temperature and molecular weight for the polymeric polyester diol within one or more of the above ranges.
  • the initial molar ratio of diacid starting materials to diol starting materials can be approximately 1 :1 , with a slight excess of diol possible and, if desired, the reaction may take place in the presence of a catalyst, such as, for example, a tin-based catalyst, and, optionally, an organic solvent.
  • a catalyst such as, for example, a tin-based catalyst, and, optionally, an organic solvent.
  • the amount of catalyst may, in some embodiments, be present in an amount in the range of from 0.1 to 1 weight percent, based on the total weight of the reaction mixture. Any suitable method of recovering the resulting polymeric polyester diol from the reaction mixture may employed.
  • the thermoplastic polymer of the present invention may also include residues of at least one isocyanate.
  • isocyanate refers to a component including at least one reactive isocyanate group.
  • the thermoplastic polymer described herein includes residues of at least one isocyanate in its polymeric backbone.
  • the total amount of isocyanate residues present in the thermoplastic polymer can be not more than about 40, not more than about 35, not more than about 30, not more than about 25, or not more than about 20 weight percent, based on the total weight of the polymer.
  • the total amount of isocyanate residues present in the thermoplastic polymer can be at least about 5, at least about 7.5, at least about 10, or at least about 12, based on the total weight of the polymer.
  • the total amount of isocyanate residues in the thermoplastic polymer can be in the range of from about 5 to about 40 weight percent, about 5 to about 35 weight percent, about 5 to about 30 weight percent, about 5 to about 25 weight percent, about 5 to about 20 weight percent, about 7.5 to about 40 weight percent, about 7.5 to about 35 weight percent, about 7.5 to about 30 weight percent, about 7.5 to about 25 weight percent, about 7.5 to about 20 weight percent, about 10 to about 40 weight percent, about 10 to about 35 weight percent, about 10 to about 30 weight percent, about 10 to about 25 weight percent, about 10 to about 20 weight percent, about 12 to about 40 weight percent, about 12 to about 35 weight percent, about 12 to about 30 weight percent, about 12 to about 25 weight percent, or about 12 to about 20 weight percent, based on the total weight of the polymer.
  • the total amount of isocyanate residues can be in the range of from about 20 to about 40 weight percent, about 20 to about 35 weight percent, about 20 to about 30 weight percent, about 25 to about 40 weight percent, about 25 to about 35 weight percent, about 25 to about 30 weight percent, about 27 to about 40 weight percent, about 27 to about 35, or about 27 to about 30 weight percent, based on the total weight of the polymer.
  • Suitable isocyanates can include diisocyanates, polyisocyanates, or combinations thereof.
  • diisocyanate refers to a compound including two reactive isocyanate groups
  • polyisocyanate and “multifunctional isocyanate” refer to isocyanates having three or more reactive isocyanate groups.
  • the total amount of polyisocyanate residues may be less than about 5, less than about 3, less than about 1 , or less than about 0.5 weight percent, based on the total weight of isocyanate residues.
  • Any suitable monomeric diisocyanate may be used to form the thermoplastic polymer materials described herein.
  • the monomeric diisocyanates may comprise aromatic diisocyanates, aliphatic diisocyanates, and combinations thereof.
  • the thermoplastic polymer may include at least about 50, at least about 55, at least about 60, at least about 65, at least about 70, at least about 75, at least about 80, at least about 85, at least about 90, at least about 95, or at least about 97 weight percent of residues of one or more aromatic diisocyanate monomers, based on the total weight of the isocyanate residues.
  • the thermoplastic polymer as described herein may include residues of at least one aliphatic isocyanate monomer and, when present, the monomeric aliphatic isocyanate residues may be present in an amount of at least about 5, at least about 10, at least about 15, at least about 20 weight percent and/or not more than about 70, not more than about 60, not more than about 50 weight percent, based on the total amount of isocyanate residues, or the total amount of monomeric aliphatic isocyanate residues can be in the range of from about 5 to about 70 weight percent, about 5 to about 60 weight percent, about 5 to about 50 weight percent, about 10 to about 70, about 10 to about 60 weight percent, about 10 to about 50 weight percent, about 15 to about 70 weight percent, about 15 to about 60 weight percent, about 15 to about 50 weight percent, about 20 to about 70 weight percent, about 20 to about 60 weight percent, or about 20 to about 50 weight percent, based on the total amount of isocyanate residues.
  • the ratio of the total amount of aromatic isocyanate residues to the total amount of aliphatic isocyanate residues present in the thermoplastic polymer can be greater than 1 .5:1 , greater than 2:1 , greater than 2.5:1 , or greater than 3:1 , on a molar basis.
  • Suitable isocyanates can include, but are not limited to, hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, methylene dicyclohexyl diisocyanate, ethylene diisocyanate, 1 ,4-tetramethylene diisocyanate, 1 ,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, 1 ,12-dodecane diisocyanate, cyclobutane-1 ,3-diisocyanate, cyclohexane-1 ,3- diisocyanate, cyclohexane- 1 ,4-diisocyanate, 2,2'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, xylene diisocyanate, meta-tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate, hydrogenated xylene diisocyanate, naphthalene 1 ,5- diisocyanate,
  • the isocyanate may be selected from the group consisting of 2,2'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate and 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, while in other embodiments, the isocyanate may be 4,4'- methylene diphenyl diisocyanate.
  • thermoplastic polymer described herein may include various amounts of residues of one or more additional components.
  • additional components can include, but are not limited to, at least one supplemental monomeric diol, at least one branching monomer, or combinations thereof.
  • supplemental monomeric diol refers to a diol other than (or in addition to) the diol present in the polymeric polyester diol used to form the thermoplastic polymer of the present invention.
  • the supplemental monomeric diol can be the same type (i.e., same chemical species or compound) as a monomeric diol used to prepare the polymeric polyester diol.
  • the supplemental monomeric diol can be a different type (i.e., different chemical species or compound) than any of the monomeric diols used to prepare the polymeric polyester diol.
  • supplemental is meant that the monomeric diol is present in the thermoplastic polymer in addition to the polymeric polyester diol.
  • the thermoplastic polymer described herein may include at least about 0.5, at least about 1 , at least about 2, at least about 3, at least about 5, at least about 8, or at least about 10 weight percent and/or not more than about 20, not more than about 18, not more than about 15, or not more than about 12 weight percent of at least one supplemental monomeric diol, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic polymer.
  • substantially no, or no, supplemental monomeric diols may be used, such that the total amount of residues of supplemental diols present in the thermoplastic polymer can be less than 0.5, or less than about 0.1 , based on the total weight of the thermoplastic polymer.
  • the thermoplastic polymer described herein may include residues of at least one supplemental diol in an amount in the range of from about 0.5 to about 20 weight percent, about 0.5 to about 18 weight percent, about 0.5 to about 15 weight percent, about 0.5 to about 12 weight percent, about 1 to about 20 weight percent, about 1 to about 18 weight percent, about 1 to about 15 weight percent, about 1 to about 12 weight percent, about 2 to about 20 weight percent, about 2 to about 18 weight percent, about 2 to about 15 weight percent, about 2 to about 12 weight percent, about 3 to about 20 weight percent, about 3 to about 18 weight percent, about 3 to about 15 weight percent, about 3 to about 12 weight percent, about 5 to about 20 weight percent, about 5 to about 18 weight percent, about 5 to about 15 weight percent, about 5 to about 12 weight percent, about 8 to about 20 weight percent, about 8 to about 18 weight percent, about 8 to about 15 weight percent, about 8 to about 12 weight percent, about 10 to about 20 weight percent, about 10 to about 18 weight percent, about 10 to about 15 weight percent, about 10 to about 12
  • the supplemental diol may include any suitable monomeric diol.
  • the suitable monomeric diol may be the same as, or different than, one or more of the diols used to form the polymeric polyester diol as described above.
  • Examples of monomeric diols suitable for use as the supplemental diol in the thermoplastic polymer may include, but are not limited to, 2,2'-bis[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]propane, 1 ,4-butanediol, tricyclodecane dimethanol, 2,2'-(1 ,4-phenylenebis(oxy))diethanol, 1 ,4-benzenedimethanol, 2,2-dimethyl-1 ,3-propanediol, 1 ,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1 ,3- cyclohexanedimethanol, 4,8-bis(hydroxymethyl)tricycle[5.2.1 .02,6]decane, bis- 4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)
  • the supplemental monomeric diol may be selected from the group consisting of 1 ,4- cyclohexanedimethanol, 1 ,4-cyclohexanediol, 2,6-decalinedimethanol, and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the supplemental monomeric diol is 1 ,4-cyclohexanedimethanol.
  • the thermoplastic polymer described herein may include residues of at least one branching monomer.
  • branching monomer refers to a monomeric component including three or more reactive functional groups selected from the group consisting of carboxyl substituents, hydroxyl substituents, and combinations thereof.
  • suitable branching monomers can include, but are not limited to, trimellitic acid, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic dianhydride, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, pentaerythritol, citric acid, tartaric acid, 3- hydroxyglutaric acid and the like.
  • the branching monomer may be selected from the group consisting of trimethylolpropane, glycerol, pentaerythritol, and combinations thereof.
  • the branching monomer may be added to the reaction mixture or blended with the thermoplastic polymer in the form of a concentrate as described, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,654,347 and 5,696,176.
  • the combined amount of polymeric polyester multifunctional alcohols having a hydroxyl functionality of 2.2 or greater, branching monomers, and multifunctional isocyanates may be present in the thermoplastic polymer in amounts less than 2 weight percent, based on the total weight of the polymer.
  • the thermoplastic polymer of the present invention can include not more than 1 .5, not more than about 1 , not more than about 0.70, not more than about 0.50, or not more than about 0.25 weight percent of branching monomers, multifunctional isocyanates, and polymeric polyester multifunctional alcohols having a hydroxyl functionality of 2.2 or greater, based on the total weight of the polymer.
  • thermoplastic polymer of the present invention may include residues of at least one polymeric polyester diol and at least one monomeric isocyanate, optionally with one or more supplemental diols, branching monomers, and/or multifunctional isocyanates, as described above.
  • the thermoplastic polymer can exclude, or substantially exclude, other components in addition to those described above so that, for example, less than about 20, less than about 15, less than about 10, less than about 5, less than about 3, less than about 1 , or less than about 0.5 weight percent of the total residues of the inventive thermoplastic polymer can include residues of components other than the polymeric polyester diol, the monomeric isocyanate, and, if present, the supplemental diols, branching monomers, and multifunctional isocyanates described herein.
  • thermoplastic polymers as described herein may consist essentially of, or consist of, the polymeric polyester diol, the monomeric isocyanate, and, if present, the supplemental diols, branching monomers, and multifunctional isocyanates.
  • thermoplastic polymer described herein may not be cross-linkable. Accordingly, the thermoplastic polymer of the present invention may include substantially no, or no, residues of a crosslinking agent.
  • the thermoplastic polymer described herein may include less than about 10, less than about 8, less than about 5, less than about 3, less than about 1 , or less than about 0.5 weight percent of one or more cross-linking agents, based on the total weight of the polymer.
  • the thermoplastic polymers as described herein may have an isocyanate to polyol ratio, measured as the molar ratio of isocyanate to hydroxyl functional groups (NCO:OH) of at least about 1 :1 , at least about 1 .01 :1 , at least about 1 .025:1 , at least about 1 .05:1 and/or not more than about 1 .25:1 , not more than about 1 .2:1 , not more than about 1 .15:1 , or not more than about 1 .1 :1 , or in the range of from about 1 :1 to about 1 .25:1 , about 1 :1 to about 1 .2:1 , about 1 :1 to about 1 .15:1 , or about 1 :1 to about 1 .1 :1 , about 1 .01 :1 to about 1 .25:1 , about 1 .01 :1 to about 1 .2:1 ,
  • the thermoplastic polymers described herein may have a glass transition temperature of at least about 70 °C, measured using a Q2000 differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) available from TA Instruments according to ASTM method D-3418 at a scanning rate of 20 °C/min. This is in contrast to many conventional thermoplastic polyurethane compositions, which typically have glass transition temperatures at or below room temperature.
  • DSC differential scanning calorimeter
  • the thermoplastic polymer of the present invention may have a glass transition temperature of at least about 25, at least about 50, at least about 75, at least about 80, at least about 85, at least about 90, at least about 95, at least about 100, at least about 105, at least about 110, at least about 115, at least about 120, at least about 125, at least about 130, at least about 135, at least about 140, at least about 145, at least about 150, at least about 155, or at least about 160°C and/or not more than about 200, not more than about 195, not more than about 190, not more than about 185, not more than about 180, not more than about 170, not more than about 165, not more than about 160, not more than about 155, not more than about 150, or not more than about 145°C.
  • thermoplastic polymer can have a glass transition temperature in the range of from about 25 to about 200 °C, about 25 to about 195°C, about
  • the thermoplastic polymer may also have a tensile modulus higher than most conventional thermoplastic polyurethanes, and other similar materials.
  • the thermoplastic polymer of the present invention can have a tensile modulus greater than 1000 MPa, measured at a nominal strain rate of 0.1 /min according to ASTM D-638.
  • the tensile modulus of the inventive thermoplastic polymer described herein can be at least about 1250, at least about 1500, or at least about 2000 MPa and/or not more than about 5000, not more than about 4000, or not more than about 3000 MPa, or it can be in the range of from about 1000 to about 5000 MPa, about 1000 to about 4000 MPa, about 1000 to about 3000 MPa, about 1250 to about 5000 MPa, about 1250 to about 4000 MPa, about 1250 to about 3000 MPa, about 1500 to about 5000 MPa, about 1500 to about 4000 MPa, about 1500 to about 3000 MPa, about 2000 to about 5000 MPa, about 2000 to about 4000 MPa, or about 2000 to about 3000 MPa.
  • the thermoplastic polymer may also have a "lower process temperature” (T p ) that is closer to the glass transition temperature than it would be for traditional thermoplastic polyesters.
  • T p lower process temperature
  • the term "lower process temperature” refers to the temperature below which the polymer's melt viscosity exceeds 10,000 poise (P). The lower process temperature is determined by measuring viscosity at a shear rate of 25 rad/sec as a function of temperature according to ASTM D-4440 using an oscillating dynamic mechanical rheometer.
  • the change in viscosity as a function of temperature is such that conventional polyesters must be processed at least 140 °C above T g (i.e., the T p - T g for conventional polyesters is greater than or equal to about 140 °C). Because Tp cannot be any higher than the temperature at which significant thermal and oxidative degradation occurs, this places a restrictive upper limit on the T g of conventional polyesters. In contrast, the difference between the lower process temperature and the glass transition temperature (T p - T g ) for thermoplastic polymers of the present invention are all less than about 135 °C, which allows the Tg of these polymers to be much higher than the T g of conventional polyesters.
  • the difference between the lower process temperature and the glass transition temperature (T p - T g ) for thermoplastic polymers of the present invention can be at least about 80, at least about 85, at least about 90, at least about 95, at least about 100, or at least about 105 °C. Additionally, or in the alternative, in certain embodiments, the difference between the lower process temperature and the glass transition temperature (Tp - T g ) for thermoplastic polymers of the present invention can be not more than about 135, not more than about 130, not more than about 125, not more than about 120, not more than about 1 15, not more than about 1 10, not more than about 105, not more than about 100, not more than about 95, or not more than about 90 °C.
  • the difference between the lower process temperature and the glass transition temperature (T p - T g ) for thermoplastic polymers described herein can be in the range of from about 80 to about 135 °C, about 80 to about 130 °C, about 80 to about 125 °C, about 80 to about 120 °C, about 80 to about 1 15 °C, about 80 to about 1 10 °C, about 80 to about 105 °C, about 80 to about 105 °C, about 80 to about 100 °C, about 80 to about 95 °C, about 80 to about 90 °C, about 85 to about 135 °C, about 85 to about 130 °C, about 85 to about 125 °C, about 85 to about 120 °C, about 85 to about 1 15 °C, about 85 to about 1 10 °C, about 85 to about 105 °C, about 85 to about 105 °C, about 85 to about 100 °C, about 85 to about 95 °C, about 85 to about 90
  • the molecular weight of the thermoplastic polymer can vary and may be selected, at least in part, based on the desired end use or application of the reaction system.
  • the thermoplastic polymer described herein can have a number average molecular weight of at least about 3,000, at least about 5,000, at least about 10,000, at least about 15,000, at least about 20,000, or at least about 25,000 Daltons, and/or not more than about 100,000, not more than about 90,000, not more than about 80,000, not more than about 70,000, not more than about 60,000, not more than about 50,000, not more than about 40,000, not more than about 35,000, not more than about 30,000, or not more than about 25,000 Daltons, measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) according to ASTM method D-5296 using HFIP/methylene chloride as a solvent in an Agilent 1 100 Series GPC-SEC system with a refractive index detector calibrated to polystyrene standards.
  • GPC gel permeation chromatography
  • the molecular weight of the thermoplastic polymer can be in the range of from about 3,000 to about 100,000 Daltons, about 3,000 to about 90,000 Daltons, about 3,000 to about 80,000 Daltons, about 3,000 to about 70,000 Daltons, about 3,000 to about 60,000 Daltons, about 3,000 to about 50,000 Daltons, about 3,000 to about 40,000 Daltons, about 3,000 to about 35,000 Daltons, about 3,000 to about 30,000 Daltons, about 3,000 to about 25,000 Daltons, about 5,000 to about 100,000 Daltons, about 5,000 to about 90,000 Daltons, about 5,000 to about 80,000 Daltons, about 5,000 to about 70,000 Daltons, about 5,000 to about 60,000 Daltons, about 5,000 to about 50,000 Daltons, about 5,000 to about 40,000 Daltons, about 5,000 to about 35,000 Daltons, about 5,000 to about 30,000 Daltons, about 5,000 to about 25,000 Daltons, about 10,000 to about 100,000 Daltons, about 10,000 to about 90,000 Daltons, about 10,000 to about 80,000 Daltons, about 10,000 to about 80,000 Daltons,
  • the thermoplastic polymer of the present invention may be formed according to any suitable method.
  • the polymeric polyester diol and the monomeric isocyanate may be combined in a reaction zone, optionally in the presence of a catalyst and one or more other additives as described previously.
  • the polymeric polyester diol, isocyanate, and other components, if present, may then react to form a thermoplastic polymer having a composition, glass transition temperature, modulus, and molecular weight within one or more of the ranges provided herein.
  • the polymeric polyester diols can be combined prior to, or during, the reaction with the isocyanate monomer.
  • the polymeric polyester diol and isocyanate starting materials of the thermoplastic polymer described herein may be reacted continuously in, for example, a single screw or twin screw extruder.
  • the reaction may be conducted in a batch or semi-batch reaction vessel.
  • the temperature of the reaction can be at least about 200, at least about 220, at least about 230, at least about 240, at least about 250 °C and/or not more than about 340, not more than about 330, not more than about 320, not more than about 310, or not more than about 300 °C, or the temperature can be in the range of from about 200 to about 340 °C, about 200 to about 330 °C, about 200 to about 320 °C, about 200 to about 310 °C, about 200 to about 300 °C, about 220 to about 340 °C, about 220 to about 330 °C, about 220 to about 320 °C, about 220 to about 310 °C, about 200 to about 300 °C, about 230 to about 340 °C, about 230 to about 330 °C, about 230 to about 320 °C, about 230 to about 310 °C, about 230 to about 300 °C, about 230 to about 340 °C
  • the glass transition temperature of the inventive thermoplastic materials may be higher than conventional thermoplastic polyurethanes and polyesters and, as a result, the difference between the reaction temperature and the glass transition temperature of the resulting thermoplastic polymer may be less for the inventive thermoplastic resin than for other, conventional polymers.
  • the difference between the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic polymer of the present invention and the temperature at which the polymer was formed is not more than about 175, not more than about 160, not more than about 150, not more than about 135, not more than about 120, not more than about 100, not more than about 80, not more than about 70, not more than about 60, or not more than about 50 °C.
  • comparable differences between the average melt temperature and glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic polymer may also be observed during melt processing of the inventive thermoplastic resins.
  • the thermoplastic polymer may be in any suitable solid shape or form and may have, for example, a total solids content of the thermoplastic polymer may be at least about 90, at least about 95, at least about 97, at least about 99, or at least about 99.5 weight percent, measured according to ASTM D-2369.
  • suitable forms can include, but are not limited to, a bulk of polymeric particles or pellets, or as an extruded film or sheet.
  • the thermoplastic polymer composition described herein may include little, or no, liquid component and may include, for example, less than about 5, less than about 3, less than about 1 , or less than about 0.5 weight percent of a solvent, or other liquid-phase component, based on the total weight of the polymer composition.
  • the thermoplastic polymer described herein may not be suitable for use in applications requiring solvent- or aqueous-based coatings.
  • thermoplastic polymer described herein is suitable for fabrication of many shaped articles, including, but not limited to, sheets, films, tubes, preforms, bottles, profiles, and other similar articles.
  • Such articles may be produced from the thermoplastic resin according to various embodiments of the present invention using any suitable method. Examples of such methods, depending on the type of shaped article, include, but are not limited to, extrusion, calendaring, thermoforming, blow molding, extrusion blow molding, injection molding, reactive injection molding, compression molding, casting, drafting, tentering, or blowing.
  • thermoplastic polymers were formed according to the following general procedure. First, at least one monomeric diacid and at least one monomeric diol, of types and in amounts as summarized in Table 2, below, were charged to a 500 mL single neck round bottom flask equipped with a metal stirrer. The amounts in Table 2 are in mole%, based on 100 mole% for the acid component and 100 mole% for the diol component.
  • the flask was also equipped with a stirrer adapter with a side arm condenser configured such that the side arm fed into a graduated cylinder connected to a vacuum trap. The vacuum trap was filled with a mixture of isopropanol and dry ice, and the graduated cylinder was placed in a dry ice bucket. The flask was vacuum purged to a pressure of 5 torr twice and then blanketed under nitrogen.
  • a separate metal bath was preset to a temperature of 220 °C and the flask was introduced into the metal bath.
  • the temperature set point was reduced to 190 °C, and the stirrer was set to 50 rpm.
  • the stirrer speed was increased to between 250 and 265 rpm.
  • the temperature set point of the metal bath was also increased, if no condensation occurred, in 10 °C increments until a maximum bath temperature of between 230 and 245 °C, depending on the polymeric polyester diol being formed, was achieved.
  • the flask contents were stirred for one hour.
  • Table 1 provides a summary of the monomeric diacids and monomeric diols used to form the polymeric polyester diols listed in Table 2.
  • Table 2 also provides the glass transition temperature and number average molecular weight of each of the polymeric polyester diols listed in Table 2.
  • Table 1 Summary of Diacids and Diols Used to Form Polyester Polymeric Diols
  • PPD-03 100 100 40.6 977
  • PPD-13 100 100 77.9 573
  • PPD-14 100 100 72.1 507
  • PPD-18 100 100 12.8 908 no
  • PPD-31 100 3 69 48.5 527
  • PPD-32 100 3 69 37.7 597
  • PPD-33 100 3 69 39.9 793 PPD-34 100 3 69 58.6 787 PPD-35 90 10 69 3 29.5 442 PPD-36 75 25 69 3 60.4 1761 PPD-37 50 50 69 3 64.6 468 PPD-38 25 75 69 3 23.8 1153 PPD-39 75 25 69 3 66.7 2992 PPD-40 75 25 69 3 29.5 875 PPD-41 75 25 69 3 50.1 1205 PPD-42 75 25 69 3 -3.9 448 PPD-43 25 75 3 69 49.8 566 PPD-44 100 30 70 77.1 1221 PPD-45 100 30 70 101.5 1368 PPD-46 100 70 30 122.8 1955
  • PPD-47 100 15 85 43.6 614
  • PPD-48 100 15 85 60.2 743
  • PPD-49 100 100 70.5 757 PPD-50 100 30 70 108.8 1415
  • polymeric polyester diols were prepared using a 3-L, 3-neck flask, equipped with a steel stirring rod, a 24/40 nitrogen inlet, a 45/50 stirring rod adapter, a 24/40 polymer thermocouple neck, two thermocouples, a reflux condenser, a polymer condenser arm with a 10/30 joint, a thermometer adapted to fit within the 10/30 joint, and a condensate collection cylinder with a 24/40 joint.
  • the condenser was coupled to a cooling water system, and the 3- L flask was placed in a solid heating mantle instead of a metal bath.
  • each polymeric polyester diol All of the monomers for a specified composition were introduced into the 3-L flask, along with FASTCAT 4100, a tin-based catalyst. Enough catalyst was added so that the reaction mixture included approximately 600 ppm of tin, based on the total weight of the reaction mixture. Where two monomeric diols were used, the diols were added in a ratio of about 1 .33:1 .
  • the temperature of the reaction was computer- controlled. Initially, the temperature of the reaction melt was controlled using the heating mantle in order to melt the reactants by placing the mantle thermocouple at the bottom-center portion of the flask between the flask and the mantle. The temperature of the mantle was then set to 200 and the stirring speed was set to 70 rpm.
  • the initial melt thermocouple was submerged in the melt and connected to the experimental set up, whereafter the reaction temperature was controlled by the melt thermocouple.
  • a circulating bath with heating oil and heating tape each set to a temperature of approximately 135 °C, were used to melt any sublimed 2,2,4,4- tetramethyl-1 ,3-cyclobutanediol and retain it within the flask.
  • the heating oil was circulated through a reflux condenser and the heating tape was wrapped around exposed glassware near the top of the flask.
  • PPD-51 100 100 35.8 1216
  • PPD-56 100 100 64.0 799
  • thermoplastic polymers were then formed from the polymeric polyester diols shown in Table 4 above, in a similar manner as described above in Example 1 .
  • the glass transition temperature and number average molecular weight of each of the resulting thermoplastic polymers was measured, and the results, along with the compositions of each polymer, are summarized in Table 5, below.
  • thermoplastic polymers [091] Several additional isocyanate-modified thermoplastic polymers were prepared according to the following procedure.
  • a polymeric polyester diol was prepared using a 4-L Parr 4551 pressure vessel, a reflux condenser, and a water-cooled condenser.
  • TPA terephthalic acid
  • IPA isophthalic acid
  • EG ethylene glycol
  • CHDM 1 ,4- cyclohexanedimethanol
  • the concentration of the titanium metal was approximately 50 ppm, based on the total weight of the reaction mixture.
  • the reaction mixture was stirred on a hot plate set to a temperature of 85 °C and formed a slurry. Thereafter, the resulting mixture was charged by vacuum into the Parr vessel and the temperature of the reactor was set to 170 °C before an automatic heating profile was used to heat the mixture.
  • the stirring speed was initially set at 150 rpm.
  • the glycol-to- acid molar ratios were measured by NMR, and the amount of excess ethylene glycol to be removed in order to achieve the target molecular weight was calculated.
  • the oligomer was added to a 3-L, 3 neck flask and heated to a temperature of 230 °C, whereupon the pressure in the flask was reduced to 50 torr.
  • the excess ethylene glycol removed and recovered via passage through the water-cooled condenser was measured in a graduated cylinder and, upon reaching the target amount of recovered ethylene glycol, the resulting polymeric melt was poured out of the flask into a metal pan and cooled.
  • the resulting polymeric diol was then broken into small pieces and its glass transition temperature and number average molecular weight were determined by DSC and GPC, respectively.
  • Table 6 summarizes the glass transition temperature and number average molecular weight of each of the polymeric polyester diols formed as described above.
  • the designations for types of monomeric acids and monomeric diols shown in Table 6 are consistent with those in Table 1 , above.
  • the amounts of each component are shown in Table 6 in mole%, based on 100 mole% of the acid component and 100 mole% of the diol component.
  • thermoplastic polymers [095] Thereafter, several additional isocyanate-modified thermoplastic polymers were then formed in a similar manner as described above in Example 1 .
  • the glass transition temperature and number average molecular weight of each of the resulting thermoplastic polymers was measured, and the results, along with the compositions of each polymer, are summarized in Table 7, below.
  • Table 7 Compositions and Properties of Thermoplastic Polymers
  • the reactor system was purged with nitrogen, and 544 pounds of a mixture of 90 weight percent 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1 ,3-cyclobutanediol in methanol was added to the reactor, while the nitrogen purge continued at 10 standard cubic feet per hour.
  • the temperature of the reactor was increased to 120 °C and the agitator was started at a speed of 25 rpm. Once the internal temperature of the reactor reached 60 °C, the stirrer was stopped. Upon reaching a temperature of 120 °C, the reactor contents were then cooled to 100 °C, and excess methanol was removed from the reactor traps.
  • the remaining raw materials which included 196 pounds of dimethyl terephthalate, 58 pounds of 1 ,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 127 grams of FASTCAT 4100 catalyst, and 28 grams of manganese acetate catalyst, were charged to the reactor, and the temperature was increased to 230 °C. When the reaction temperature reached 160 °C, the agitator was again turned on at 25 rpm.
  • the polymeric polyester diol included an acid component having 100 mole percent residues of terephthalic acid, based on 100 mole% for the acid component, and a diol component having 30 weight percent residues of 2,2,4,4- tetramethyl-1 ,3-cyclobutanediol and 70 weight percent of residues of 1 ,4- cyclohexanedimethanol, based on 100 mole% for the diol component.
  • the polymeric polyester diol had a glass transition temperature of 47.5 °C and a number average molecular weight of 742 Daltons.
  • the polymeric polyester diol was divided into several samples, and each sample was added to a 500-mL flask, along with 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and, when used, 1 ,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM), 1 ,4- benzenedimethanol (BDM), 2,6-decaline-dimethanol (DDM), 1 ,4- cyclohexanediol (CDO) as a supplementary monomeric diol, to form several isocyanate-modified thermoplastic polymers in a similar manner as described in Example 1 .
  • the resulting thermoplastic polymers were recovered, and the glass transition temperature and number average molecular weight of each sample was measured as described above. The results of these measurements, along with the compositions of each polymer, are summarized in Table 8, below.
  • thermoplastic polymer was produced at an average rate between 30 kg per hour and 100 kg per hour and the pellets were used to press films, mold parts, and evaluate various physical properties, including glass transition temperature and number average molecular weight.
  • Table 10 summarizes the composition of each isocyanate-modified thermoplastic polymer formed according to this method, along with the results of the analyses. Table 10: Compositions and Properties of Thermoplastic Polymers
  • the lower process temperature (T p ) for several of the polymers from Examples 1 through 5 above were determined by grinding a samples in an RDA melt rheometer at a shear rate of 25 radians/sec while increasing the temperature from 200 °C to 260 °C at a scan rate of 5 °C/min. The results are summarized in Table 12, below. Additionally, the lower process temperature (Tp) values for several comparative thermoplastic polyesters (PC-A through PC- D) were also determined according to this method.
  • PC-A was TRITAN® Copolyester TX1001
  • PC-B was TRITAN® Copolyester TX1500HF
  • PC-C was EASTAR® Copolyester 6763
  • PC-D was EASTAR® Copolyester 5011 (all commercially available from Eastman Chemical Company).
  • the results for the comparative thermoplastic polyesters are also summarized in Table 12.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 The full temperature scans of select inventive and comparative materials according to the above procedure are provided graphically in FIGS. 1 and 2. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the viscosities of the thermoplastic polymers formed according to embodiments of the present invention change more drastically with temperature than traditional thermoplastic polyesters. DEFINITIONS
  • the terms “comprising,” “comprises,” and “comprise” are open-ended transition terms used to transition from a subject recited before the term to one or more elements recited after the term, where the element or elements listed after the transition term are not necessarily the only elements that make up the subject. [0106] As used herein, the terms “including,” “includes,” and “include” have the same open-ended meaning as “comprising,” “comprises,” and “comprise.”
  • the term "and/or,” when used in a list of two or more items, means that any one of the listed items can be employed by itself or any combination of two or more of the listed items can be employed. For example, if a composition is described as containing components A, B, and/or C, the composition can contain A alone; B alone; C alone; A and B in combination; A and C in combination; B and C in combination; or A, B, and C in combination.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des compositions de polymères thermoplastiques possédant des propriétés améliorées, ainsi que des procédés de fabrication de ces dernières. Les polymères thermoplastiques selon certains aspects de la présente invention peuvent être rigides, mais peuvent également convenir à l'utilisation dans des applications nécessitant une résine polymère thermoplastique. Les polymères thermoplastiques selon divers aspects de la présente invention peuvent être utiles pour préparer des articles formés tels que, par exemple, des feuilles, des films, des tubes, des préformes, bouteilles, des profilés, et d'autres articles similaires.
PCT/US2017/017866 2016-02-23 2017-02-15 Compositions de polymères thermoplastiques rigides à modification isocyanate WO2017146949A1 (fr)

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US11208520B2 (en) 2021-12-28
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US20190071532A1 (en) 2019-03-07
EP3420012A1 (fr) 2019-01-02

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