WO2017145886A1 - Système commutateur de trajet optique et procédé de commande de trajet optique permettant une commande de commutation optique asynchrone - Google Patents

Système commutateur de trajet optique et procédé de commande de trajet optique permettant une commande de commutation optique asynchrone Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017145886A1
WO2017145886A1 PCT/JP2017/005426 JP2017005426W WO2017145886A1 WO 2017145886 A1 WO2017145886 A1 WO 2017145886A1 JP 2017005426 W JP2017005426 W JP 2017005426W WO 2017145886 A1 WO2017145886 A1 WO 2017145886A1
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Prior art keywords
optical
wavelength
calculation node
switch
array
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PCT/JP2017/005426
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
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紀代 石井
並木　周
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国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所
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Priority to JP2018501613A priority Critical patent/JP6781990B2/ja
Publication of WO2017145886A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017145886A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q3/00—Selecting arrangements
    • H04Q3/42—Circuit arrangements for indirect selecting controlled by common circuits, e.g. register controller, marker
    • H04Q3/52—Circuit arrangements for indirect selecting controlled by common circuits, e.g. register controller, marker using static devices in switching stages, e.g. electronic switching arrangements

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  • the present invention is applicable to an interconnect network of a data center or a high performance computer, and includes an optical path switch composed of a wavelength division multiplexing transmission line, an optical switch, and an optical switch controller that interconnect a plurality of terminals such as servers. About the system.
  • HPCs high-performance computers
  • DCs data centers
  • a rack that uses a combination of dedicated computing nodes such as CPU / memory / storage / GPU according to the requirements of the application, instead of uniformly using general-purpose computing nodes for the limit of performance improvement due to LSI miniaturization.
  • Scale computing has been proposed, and a large-capacity interconnect is essential to achieve this.
  • AOC Active Optical Cable
  • high-speed Ethernet which employs optical transmission technology
  • Necessary elements for the future high-capacity interconnect network include scalability (capability of interconnecting many computing nodes), high-speed switching, large capacity, compactness, low cost, low power consumption, etc. From the viewpoint of low power consumption, the introduction of optical switches is expected.
  • Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 propose a system in which top-of-rack switches (ToR) are connected by DC optical switches in DC and the optical switches are dynamically controlled according to the workload.
  • ToR top-of-rack switches
  • the introduction of the optical switch is applied only to the connection between racks, and the connection within the rack is not the object. Even in the inter-rack connection, since the electrical switch is once passed through ToR, it is difficult to eliminate the bottleneck in the throughput of the electrical switch, and the processing delay in the switch is inevitable.
  • Non-Patent Document 3 proposes AWG (Arrayed Waveguide Grating) -Router capable of selecting a receiving destination by selecting a wavelength with a transmitter.
  • AWG Arrayed Waveguide Grating
  • AWG-Router With AWG-Router, it is possible to switch the connection between two points without using an optical switch, so the overhead of the centralized controller and control can be avoided, but the number of terminals that can be accommodated is the number of multiplexed wavelengths. Therefore, there is a tradeoff between the connection bandwidth and the number of ports. In addition, a high-speed tunable laser is required for high-speed switching, which is difficult to realize at low cost.
  • Non-Patent Document 4 proposes a configuration in which a delivery-and-coupling switch and an arrayed waveguide guide (AWG) are combined with respect to the configuration of an optical switch having a large number of ports used for a DC interconnect.
  • AMG arrayed waveguide guide
  • Patent Document 1 it is proposed to perform a destination determination of an optical packet in the optical region.
  • optical correlation calculation is used for this determination, complicated optical parts are required, and this is different from the present proposal characterized in that the destination is determined only by the combination of wavelengths for transmitting signals.
  • Patent Document 2 proposes a crossbar optical switch technology having a so-called self-routing function that automatically performs routing without converting address information into an electrical signal.
  • the feature is that a header pulse indicating an address is taken out using a quantum well structure or the like.
  • Patent Document 3 proposes a technique of increasing the number of labels for routing identifiers by using multi-wavelength labels in optical packet routing.
  • the multi-wavelength label is a pulse signal, and a label generator is required.
  • JP 2001-177565 A Photonic network packet routing method and photonic network packet router JP 2002-72261 A Optical routing device JP 2002-84228 A Optical packet routing method and apparatus using multi-wavelength labels, and optical packet network using multi-wavelength labels
  • AWG-Router that performs routing using a combination of wavelength and port, there is a trade-off between the number of ports and the communication bandwidth.
  • the present invention aims to provide a high-capacity and scalable interconnect network technology that alleviates the problems and trade-offs of the prior art.
  • the present invention can provide the following optical path switch systems and optical path control methods.
  • It is composed of a wavelength division multiplexing transmission line, an optical switch, and an optical switch control unit that interconnect a plurality of calculation nodes.
  • the optical switch control unit uses a combination of wavelengths transmitted from the optical transmitter unit of the calculation node.
  • FIG. 1 shows a configuration example.
  • Each calculation node transmits a wavelength-multiplexed optical signal.
  • This wavelength multiplexed signal indicates a connection destination by a combination of wavelengths.
  • the wavelength combination may be expressed by the presence / absence (ON / OFF) of an optical signal corresponding to the wavelength, or may be expressed by the strength of the optical signal.
  • the transmitted optical signal is branched by the optical coupler and input to the optical switch and the optical switch control unit. The branching ratio of the optical coupler may not be equal.
  • the destination is determined based on the combination of the input wavelengths, and the optical switch is set according to the destination.
  • the optical signal input to the optical switch is connected to the destination set by the optical switch control unit.
  • An optical path switch system and an optical path control method characterized by distributing wavelength multiplexed light from a multi-wavelength light source to a computing node.
  • FIG. 2 shows a configuration example.
  • Each computation node modulates distributed wavelength multiplexed light and transmits an optical signal.
  • the wavelength to be used is selected according to the connection destination, and unnecessary wavelengths are not blocked and transmitted.
  • the wavelength multiplexed signal transmitted from the transmission calculation node indicates a connection destination by a combination of wavelengths.
  • the transmitted optical signal is branched by the optical coupler and input to the optical switch and the optical switch control unit. The branching ratio of the optical coupler may not be equal.
  • the destination is determined based on the combination of the input wavelengths, and the optical switch is set according to the destination.
  • the optical signal input to the optical switch is connected to the reception calculation node set by the optical switch control unit. Thereby, a one-way path from the transmission calculation node to the reception calculation node is set, and communication is possible.
  • the optical switch control unit uses a combination of wavelengths transmitted from the optical transmitter unit of the calculation node.
  • an optical switch from one computation node to another computation node in response to a connection request from one computation node to the other computation node in an optical switch control unit At the same time that the route is set, the two-way communication is set by setting the route from the other computation node to the one computation node.
  • an optical signal having a wavelength combination indicating a reception calculation node is transmitted from the transmission calculation node. This reaches two places of the optical switch control unit and the optical switch via the optical coupler.
  • the optical switch control unit sets the optical switch according to the wavelength combination. At this time, the path of the optical switch from the transmission calculation node to the reception calculation node is made conductive, and the path of the optical switch from the reception calculation node to the transmission calculation node is also made conductive. With this setting of the optical switch, the optical signal transmitted from the transmission calculation node and reaching the optical switch passes through the optical switch according to the set path and reaches the reception calculation node.
  • the reception calculation node transmits an optical signal having a wavelength combination indicating the transmission calculation node.
  • the optical signal sent from the reception calculation node reaches the optical switch control unit and the optical switch via the optical coupler, and the optical signal that has reached the optical switch passes through the optical switch according to the already set route and is transmitted. Reach the compute node.
  • the return path from the transmission calculation node to the reception calculation node may be set to the same system optical switch path as the forward path capable of bidirectional communication, or set to a different system communication path by providing an appropriate external interface. May be.
  • FIG. 1 An example of the operation sequence is shown in FIG. First, a signal having a wavelength combination indicating a reception calculation node is transmitted from the transmission calculation node. This reaches two places of the optical switch control unit and the optical switch via the optical coupler.
  • the optical switch control unit determines the connection destination according to the wavelength combination, and both the path from the transmission calculation node to the reception calculation node and from the reception calculation node to the transmission calculation node without damaging the current path in the current optical switch setting. Determine whether it can be set.
  • the optical switch is not set.
  • the optical signal from the reception calculation node does not return within a certain time from the start of optical signal transmission, it is determined as blocking and the transmission of the optical signal is stopped.
  • the optical switch control unit uses a combination of wavelengths transmitted from the optical transmitter unit of the calculation node.
  • an optical switch from one computation node to another computation node in response to a connection request from one computation node to the other computation node in an optical switch control unit At the same time that the path is set, the optical switch path from the other calculation node to the one calculation node is also set, so that when the two-way communication is set, the receiving calculation node is already communicating with another calculation node.
  • the sending computation node keeps sending the optical signal, and when blocking is resolved Characterized in that it is possible to set the two-way communication between the quick transmission compute node and the receiving computing node.
  • FIG. 1 An example of the operation sequence is shown in FIG. First, a signal having a wavelength combination indicating a reception calculation node is transmitted from the transmission calculation node. This reaches two places of the optical switch control unit and the optical switch via the optical coupler.
  • the optical switch control unit determines the connection destination according to the wavelength combination, and both the path from the transmission calculation node to the reception calculation node and from the reception calculation node to the transmission calculation node without damaging the current path in the current optical switch setting. Determine whether it can be set. If neither setting is possible, the optical switch is not set. Thereafter, the transmission calculation node continues to transmit the optical signal. Thereafter, when the blocking is eliminated, the optical switch control unit sets the optical switch so as to connect the transmission calculation node and the reception calculation node bidirectionally.
  • (6) It is composed of a wavelength multiplexing transmission line, an optical switch, and an optical switch control unit that interconnect a plurality of calculation nodes.
  • the optical switch control unit uses a combination of wavelengths output from the optical transmitter unit of the calculation node.
  • an optical switch from one computation node to another computation node in response to a connection request from one computation node to the other computation node in an optical switch control unit At the same time that the path is set, the optical switch path from the other computing node to the one computing node is also set to set bidirectional communication. At this time, a connection request from the receiving computing node to the other computing node is made.
  • two-way communication is set up between the sending computation node and the receiving computation node.
  • the connection request to the reception calculation node is not established immediately, but waits for a certain time, and if a connection request comes from the reception calculation node during that time, this is given priority.
  • a connection request from a calculation node is established indefinitely by waiting for a connection request to a calculation node connected to a calculation node different from the request for a certain time, for example, the control cycle i (> 0). Prevents resource starvation that is not done.
  • An example of the timing of the optical switch control unit is shown in FIG. First, at timing 1 (indicated by circle 1 in FIG. 6, the same applies hereinafter), the optical switch control unit receives a connection request from the calculation node 1 to the calculation node 2 and a connection request from the calculation node 2 to the calculation node 3.
  • the calculation node 1 is connected to the calculation node 2 according to a standard such as random or first-in-first-out, and the calculation node 1 to the calculation node 2 and the calculation node 2 to the calculation node are connected to the optical switch. Set the route to 1.
  • the calculation node 2 confirms that it is not the connection with the calculation node 3 but the connection with the calculation node 1, changes the transmitted optical signal to the wavelength combination indicating the calculation node 1, and starts communication.
  • a connection request from the calculation node 2 to the calculation node 3 arrives, and the optical switch control unit gives priority to the connection request from the calculation node 4 to the calculation node 2 to the calculation node 3.
  • the optical switch is set according to the connection request.
  • an optical path switch system that determines a destination by using a wavelength as a label, it is possible to eliminate a trade-off between a communication band and the number of end points that can be accommodated. As a result, a large-capacity optical path can be set between a larger number of end points (calculation nodes) than in the past more flexibly than in the past.
  • the wavelength multiplexing number N is the number of connected terminals, and the number of optical paths connecting the terminals is only one wavelength, and the connection capacity between the terminals is limited.
  • the number of wavelengths connected between terminals is increased to L (> 1) in order to increase the connection capacity between terminals, the number of connectable terminals decreases to N / L.
  • the destination is determined using the combination of wavelengths of the optical signals for transmitting data as addresses. That is, M wavelengths (M ⁇ N) are used among the N wavelengths that are wavelength-multiplexed, and the combination is used as an address.
  • the address space of N C M is configurable.
  • FIG. 7 shows the scalability of the address space.
  • N the number of WDM wavelengths N is as small as about 10
  • an address space exceeding 100 is possible.
  • M the number of WDM wavelengths N is as small as about 10.
  • the destination is determined using the combination of wavelengths of the optical signals for transmitting data as addresses. Therefore, there is no need to exchange data such as signaling between the computation node and the optical switch control unit with respect to the establishment of the optical path between the computation nodes.
  • Each computing node can start signal transmission asynchronously at the timing of its own computing node without adjusting the timing with other computing nodes or optical switch control units. As a result, it is possible to reduce overhead such as control required for establishing a path compared to a configuration requiring a centralized controller such as a conventional SDN controller.
  • FIG. 8 shows a configuration example of the calculation node.
  • the computing node is composed of an optical transmitter unit, an optical receiver unit, and a calculation unit or memory unit or storage unit or other functional element or a combination thereof. Further, in addition to the optical transmitter unit and the optical receiver unit, a communication interface such as an Ether port or PCI Express may be provided.
  • a communication interface such as an Ether port or PCI Express may be provided.
  • FIG. 9 shows a configuration example of the optical transmitter unit. It consists of a WDM light source, an optical blocker array, a modulator array, and an optical multiplexer.
  • the WDM light source has N wavelength output ports, and one wavelength is transmitted from each port.
  • the transmitted wavelength first arrives at the optical blocker array, and the optical blocker array passes the wavelength combination indicating the desired destination and blocks other wavelengths.
  • the wavelength that has passed through the optical blocker array reaches the modulator array, and the modulator array modulates the wavelength, puts data, and sends the wavelength to the optical multiplexer.
  • the transmitted wavelength is wavelength-multiplexed by the optical multiplexer and transmitted to the outside of the calculation node.
  • Each modulator array and optical blocker array has an input from a calculation unit or the like.
  • the number of arrays of optical blockers and modulators is N equal to the number of wavelength multiplexing.
  • FIG. 10 shows a configuration example of the optical transmitter unit. It consists of a WDM light source, a modulator array, and an optical multiplexer. Other than the desired wavelength is blocked by the modulator. Compared with the configuration of FIG. 9, this configuration requires the extinction ratio of the modulator because there is no optical blocker, but requires fewer components.
  • FIG. 11 shows a configuration example of the optical transmitter unit. It consists of a WDM light source, NxM optical switch, modulator array, and optical coupler. The wavelength transmitted from the WDM light source passes the wavelength combination indicating the desired destination by the NxM optical switch, and the other wavelengths are blocked.
  • the wavelength that has passed through the NxM optical switch reaches the modulator array, and the modulator array modulates the wavelength, puts data, and transmits the wavelength to the optical coupler.
  • the transmitted wavelength is wavelength-multiplexed by the optical coupler and transmitted to the outside of the calculation node.
  • This configuration additionally requires an NxM optical switch as compared with the configurations of FIGS. 9 and 10, but the number of modulator arrays can be reduced to M ( ⁇ N).
  • An optical blocker array may be provided between the WDM light source and the NxM switch in order to alleviate the requirement for the extinction ratio of the optical switch.
  • FIG. 12 shows a configuration example of the optical transmitter unit. It consists of a WDM light source, NxM optical switch, modulator array, MxN optical switch, and optical multiplexer.
  • this configuration requires an additional MxN optical switch.
  • M the loss of the optical coupler increases, and by using an optical multiplexer such as AWG, multiplexing is possible. It is possible to reduce the optical loss.
  • FIG. 13 shows an example of the configuration of an optical transmitter unit in the case where wavelength multiplexed light is distributed from a multi-wavelength light source.
  • An optical demultiplexer, an optical blocker array, a modulator array, and an optical multiplexer are included.
  • the wavelength multiplexed light distributed from the multi-wavelength light source is first demultiplexed by the optical demultiplexer.
  • the demultiplexed wavelengths arrive at the optical blocker array one wavelength at a time, and the optical blocker array passes the wavelength combination indicating the desired destination and blocks the other wavelengths.
  • the wavelength that has passed through the optical blocker array reaches the modulator array, and the modulator array modulates the wavelength, puts data, and sends the wavelength to the optical multiplexer.
  • the transmitted wavelength is wavelength-multiplexed by the optical multiplexer and transmitted to the outside of the calculation node.
  • Each modulator array and optical blocker array has an input from a calculation unit or the like.
  • This configuration eliminates the need for a light source in the optical transmitter section, which makes it possible to realize the optical transmitter section using only silicon photonics technology, which is advantageous for cost reduction.
  • FIG. 14 shows an example of the configuration of an optical transmitter unit when wavelength multiplexed light is distributed from a multi-wavelength light source. It consists of an optical demultiplexer, a modulator array, and an optical multiplexer. Other than the desired wavelength is blocked by the modulator.
  • This configuration requires the extinction ratio of the modulator because there is no optical blocker, but requires fewer components than the configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 15 shows a configuration example of an optical transmitter unit in the case of using wavelength division multiplexed light distribution from a multi-wavelength light source. It consists of an optical demultiplexer, an NxM optical switch, a modulator array, and an optical coupler. The wavelength distributed from the multi-wavelength light source is demultiplexed by the optical demultiplexer, and then the wavelength combination indicating the desired destination is passed by the NxM optical switch, and the other wavelengths are blocked.
  • the wavelength that has passed through the optical blocker array reaches the modulator array, and the modulator array modulates the wavelength, puts data, and sends the wavelength to the optical coupler.
  • the transmitted wavelength is wavelength-multiplexed by the optical coupler and transmitted to the outside of the calculation node.
  • This configuration requires an NxM optical switch as compared with the configurations of FIGS. 13 and 14, but the number of modulator arrays can be reduced to M ( ⁇ N).
  • An optical blocker array may be provided between the WDM light source and the NxM switch in order to alleviate the requirement for the extinction ratio of the optical switch.
  • FIG. 16 shows an example of the configuration of an optical transmitter unit when wavelength multiplexed light is distributed from a multi-wavelength light source. It consists of an optical demultiplexer, an NxM optical switch, a modulator array, an MxN optical switch, and an optical multiplexer.
  • this configuration requires an additional MxN optical switch.
  • M the loss of the optical coupler increases, and by using an optical multiplexer such as AWG, multiplexing is possible. It is possible to reduce the optical loss.
  • FIG. 17 shows a configuration example of the optical receiver unit. It consists of an optical demultiplexer and an optical receiver array.
  • An optical signal transmitted as a wavelength multiplexed signal from another calculation node is input to an optical demultiplexer of the optical receiver unit via an optical switch in the interconnect network. After being demultiplexed one wavelength at a time by the optical demultiplexer, it is input to the optical receiver array.
  • the number of receiver arrays is N.
  • a signal for a desired M wavelength is extracted in the electrical domain.
  • the received signal is connected to a calculation unit or the like.
  • FIG. 18 shows a configuration example of the optical receiver unit. It consists of an optical demultiplexer, an NxM optical switch, and an optical receiver array.
  • the NxM optical switch connects the wavelength combination indicating its own computation node to the optical receiver array.
  • This configuration requires an additional NxM optical switch as compared with the configuration of FIG. 17, but the number of optical receiver arrays can be reduced to M ( ⁇ N).
  • a signal for extracting a desired M wavelengths is extracted in the optical region.
  • the setting of the NxM optical switch is performed when a wavelength combination indicating each calculation node is allocated. Thereafter, the setting of the optical switch does not need to be changed unless the allocation of wavelength combinations is changed.
  • FIG. 19 shows a configuration example of an optical receiver unit in the case where coherent reception is performed using wavelength multiplexed light from a multi-wavelength light source. It consists of an optical demultiplexer, a mixer array (order N), and an optical receiver array.
  • the coherent reception is performed by causing the wavelength division multiplexed light distributed from the multi-wavelength light source to interfere with the signal light transmitted from another calculation node at the mixer array unit. After receiving the optical signal, a signal for a desired M wavelength is extracted in the electrical domain.
  • FIG. 20 shows a configuration example of the optical switch control unit.
  • An optical demultiplexer (K) an optical receiver array (N) (total order KN of the optical receiver array, where K is the number of calculation nodes accommodated by the optical switch and the optical switch controller), and a control circuit.
  • K optical demultiplexer
  • N total order KN of the optical receiver array, where K is the number of calculation nodes accommodated by the optical switch and the optical switch controller
  • the wavelength-multiplexed optical signal transmitted from the calculation node is input to the optical demultiplexer.
  • the demultiplexed wavelength is input to the optical receiver array and the optical power is observed. Based on the observed optical power, the combination of wavelengths transmitted from each calculation node is determined, and the corresponding optical switch is controlled by the control circuit.
  • the optical receiver used here only needs to be able to monitor the optical power and does not need to receive data from the optical signal.
  • FIG. 21 shows a configuration example of the optical switch control unit. It consists of an optical demultiplexer, optical switch, optical receiver, and control circuit. There may be one optical switch or a plurality of optical switches. One optical receiver or a plurality of optical receivers may be used.
  • the input wavelength pattern is identified by sequentially switching the optical demultiplexer output port connected to the optical receiver.
  • This configuration requires an additional optical switch compared to FIG. 20, but the number of required optical receivers can be reduced.
  • FIG. 22 shows a configuration example of the proposed optical path switch system when a plurality of optical switches are used.
  • the configuration of a plurality of calculation nodes, optical switches, and optical switch control units shown in FIG. 1 is connected by an inter-rack optical switch.
  • the hierarchical configuration of the intra-rack optical switch and the inter-rack optical switch makes it possible to increase the number of connection calculation nodes even when the number of ports of the optical switch in the rack is limited.
  • the inter-rack optical switch is controlled by the inter-rack optical switch controller.
  • Connection request information may be sent from the optical switch control unit in each rack to the inter-rack optical switch control unit, or the optical signal of each calculation node may be monitored.
  • the present invention is used in interconnect networks such as data centers and high performance computers.

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte au domaine des réseaux interconnectés évolutifs de forte capacité qui sont essentiels pour un futur traitement en parallèle à grande échelle, mais avec lesquels la maîtrise d'un accroissement de la demande de communication à l'intérieur d'une baie est difficile avec la technologie conventionnelle, dans laquelle l'adoption d'un commutateur optique dans une traversée par commutateur électrique entre les baies est envisagée. De plus, pour ce qui concerne la commande du commutateur optique, si une commande centralisée telle qu'un contrôleur SDN est adoptée, le surdébit exigé pour la commande devient un problème et des compromis surviennent entre le nombre de ports et les bandes de communication avec un routeur AWG qui réalise le routage en utilisant une combinaison d'une longueur d'onde et d'un port. La présente invention propose un procédé de commande de trajet optique et un système de commutation de trajet optique comprenant un chemin de transmission à multiplexage en longueur d'onde, un commutateur optique et une unité de commande de commutateur optique qui relient mutuellement une pluralité de nœuds de calcul. La présente invention est caractérisée par la détermination d'une destination et l'exécution de la commutation optique au niveau de l'unité de commande de commutateur optique, conformément à la combinaison de longueurs d'onde transmises depuis les émetteurs optiques des nœuds de calcul.
PCT/JP2017/005426 2016-02-24 2017-02-15 Système commutateur de trajet optique et procédé de commande de trajet optique permettant une commande de commutation optique asynchrone WO2017145886A1 (fr)

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WO2023105729A1 (fr) * 2021-12-09 2023-06-15 日本電信電話株式会社 Système de commutation de trajet optique

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