WO2017135235A1 - 分離膜診断方法、水処理方法、分離膜診断装置、水処理装置及び分離膜診断プログラム - Google Patents

分離膜診断方法、水処理方法、分離膜診断装置、水処理装置及び分離膜診断プログラム Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017135235A1
WO2017135235A1 PCT/JP2017/003363 JP2017003363W WO2017135235A1 WO 2017135235 A1 WO2017135235 A1 WO 2017135235A1 JP 2017003363 W JP2017003363 W JP 2017003363W WO 2017135235 A1 WO2017135235 A1 WO 2017135235A1
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Prior art keywords
separation membrane
vibration
state
water
separation
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PCT/JP2017/003363
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
龍太郎 石橋
祐吾 溝越
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三菱ケミカル株式会社
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Priority to JP2017510426A priority Critical patent/JP6376283B2/ja
Priority to CN201780008552.9A priority patent/CN108602021B/zh
Publication of WO2017135235A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017135235A1/ja

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D65/10—Testing of membranes or membrane apparatus; Detecting or repairing leaks
    • B01D65/109—Testing of membrane fouling or clogging, e.g. amount or affinity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D65/10—Testing of membranes or membrane apparatus; Detecting or repairing leaks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a separation membrane diagnostic method, a water treatment method, a separation membrane diagnostic device, a water treatment device, and a separation membrane diagnostic program.
  • MBR Membrane Bioreactor
  • MBR Membrane Bioreactor
  • the adhering substances contained in the sludge accumulate on the surface of the separation membrane or block the permeation flow path of the separation membrane over time.
  • a phenomenon called fouling in which the permeation performance of the film deteriorates occurs.
  • fouling progresses and the permeation performance of the separation membrane deteriorates, maintenance is required to remove the deposits attached to the separation membrane by cleaning.
  • the decrease in the permeation performance due to fouling is not constant with respect to the operation time, and the permeation performance rapidly decreases when the predetermined operation time is exceeded. Therefore, when the separation membrane is used until the permeation performance is lowered, the water treatment may have to be stopped unexpectedly for cleaning.
  • the separation membrane is cleaned early. In cleaning the separation membrane, a predetermined chemical solution is used to remove organic substances and microorganisms attached to the separation membrane. When the number of cleaning of the separation membrane increases, the operation rate of water treatment decreases due to the stop for cleaning. Further, if the number of times of cleaning increases, costs such as labor costs of workers who perform cleaning operations and chemical costs for cleaning increase.
  • fouling can be delayed by performing explosion (aeration) from below the separation membrane and removing the adhering portion adhering to the surface of the separation membrane by air vibration.
  • MBR there is a technique for detecting fouling using a sensor such as a fluorescence sensor (see, for example, Patent Document 1). Moreover, in MBR, there exists a technique which predicts fouling by analyzing the component of sludge using a centrifuge etc. (for example, refer patent document 2).
  • JP 2014-136210 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2012-200351
  • the amount of blast used to remove deposits is larger than the amount of blast required to secure the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) required for activated sludge, for example. If the amount of explosion was increased to increase the effect, there was a case where a large amount of energy was consumed due to the explosion. Further, in order to grasp the fouling state of the separation membrane, expensive inspection equipment such as a fluorescence sensor and a centrifuge is required. In addition, in the inspection using the inspection equipment, it is necessary to perform laborious measurement work, and it is difficult to always monitor the fouling state.
  • BOD biochemical oxygen demand
  • the present invention provides a separation membrane diagnosis method, a water treatment method, a separation membrane diagnosis device, a water treatment device, and a separation membrane diagnosis that can reduce water treatment costs by accurately grasping the state of the separation membrane used for water treatment. It is a program.
  • One aspect of the present invention includes an acquisition step of acquiring an index representing a state of a separation membrane that performs solid-liquid separation, a time-change recording step of recording a time-dependent change of the acquired index, and the recorded time-dependent change It is a separation membrane diagnostic method including a vibration analysis step of analyzing vibration and a determination step of determining a water permeation state of the separation membrane based on the analyzed vibration.
  • the recorded vibration with time change is frequency-converted
  • the water permeability state of the separation membrane is determined based on the magnitude of the frequency-converted vibration.
  • the water permeability state of the separation membrane is determined based on the magnitude of the vibration in a predetermined frequency band subjected to frequency conversion.
  • the water permeability state of the separation membrane is determined by comparing the magnitude of the vibration in the first frequency band with the magnitude of the vibration in the second frequency band.
  • the contribution ratio of the vibration magnitude in the first frequency band is compared with the contribution ratio of the vibration magnitude in the second frequency band.
  • the water permeability state of the separation membrane is determined.
  • One aspect of the present invention includes an operation condition changing step of changing an operation condition of solid-liquid separation using the separation membrane based on a water permeability state of the separation membrane that performs solid-liquid separation determined in the determination. Is the method.
  • the operating condition in the operating condition changing step, is changed by changing the amount of explosion that explodes the separation membrane.
  • the operating condition in the operating condition changing step, is changed by changing the amount of permeated water of the separation membrane.
  • One aspect of the present invention further includes a notifying step for notifying information for prompting maintenance of the separation membrane based on the determined water permeability state.
  • One aspect of the present invention is an acquisition unit that acquires an index that represents a state of a separation membrane that performs solid-liquid separation, a time-change recording unit that records a change over time of the acquired index, and the recorded change over time
  • a separation membrane diagnostic apparatus including a vibration analysis unit that analyzes vibration and a determination unit that determines a water permeation state of the separation membrane based on the analyzed vibration.
  • One aspect of the present invention is recorded with a separation membrane that performs solid-liquid separation, an acquisition unit that acquires an index that represents the state of the separation membrane, and a time-change recording unit that records a change over time of the acquired index.
  • the vibration analysis unit for analyzing the vibration of the secular change, the determination unit for determining the water permeation state of the separation membrane based on the analyzed vibration, and the separation membrane based on the determined water permeation state It is a water treatment apparatus provided with the operation condition change part which changes the operation conditions of solid-liquid separation.
  • One aspect of the present invention is an acquisition process for acquiring an index representing a state of a separation membrane for performing solid-liquid separation, a time-change recording process for recording a change over time of the acquired index, A separation membrane diagnostic program for causing a computer to execute vibration analysis processing for analyzing vibration and determination processing for determining a water permeation state of the separation membrane based on the analyzed vibration, and a storage medium storing the program is there.
  • a separation membrane diagnostic method, a water treatment method, a separation membrane diagnostic device, a water treatment device, and a water treatment cost can be reduced by accurately grasping the state of a separation membrane used for water treatment, and A separation membrane diagnostic program and a storage medium on which the program is recorded can be provided.
  • the graph which shows an example of a time-dependent change in the measurement of the membrane resistance of a separation membrane using the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus in one Embodiment of this invention The graph which shows an example which approximated the time-dependent change in the measurement of the membrane resistance of the separation membrane using the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus in one Embodiment of this invention.
  • the graph which shows an example of transition of the contribution rate when changing the explosion amount in the measurement using the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus in one Embodiment of this invention The graph which shows the diagnostic result of the separation membrane in the measurement using the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus in one Embodiment of this invention.
  • the graph which shows the diagnostic result of the separation membrane in the measurement using the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus in one Embodiment of this invention The graph which shows the diagnostic result of the separation membrane in the measurement using the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus in one Embodiment of this invention.
  • the graph which shows the diagnostic result of the separation membrane in the measurement using the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus in one Embodiment of this invention The graph which shows the diagnostic result of the separation membrane in the measurement using the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus in one Embodiment of this invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a water treatment device in the present embodiment.
  • the water treatment apparatus of FIG. 1 illustrates an MBR that separates activated sludge with a separation membrane.
  • a water treatment apparatus 100 includes a water tank 11, a raw water flow path 12, an excess sludge flow path 13, a separation membrane 21, a permeate flow path 22, a suction pump 23, a drainage flow path 24, a differential pressure gauge 25, an air diffuser 31, It has a blower 32, a water treatment control device 40, and a separation membrane diagnostic device 50.
  • the water tank 11 is a biological reaction tank that treats raw water flowing from the raw water flow path 12 by a biological reaction using activated sludge.
  • the aquarium 11 discharges excess sludge from the excess sludge flow path 13 in order to bring MLSS (Mixed Liquir Suspended Solids) into the predetermined range.
  • MLSS Mated Liquir Suspended Solids
  • the separation membrane 21 is immersed in the treated water containing activated sludge in the water tank 11.
  • an MF (microfiltration) membrane, a UF (ultrafiltration) membrane, an NF (nanofiltration) membrane, or the like can be used as the separation membrane 21, for example, an MF (microfiltration) membrane, a UF (ultrafiltration) membrane, an NF (nanofiltration) membrane, or the like.
  • an MF membrane having a pore diameter of about 0.01 to 10 ⁇ m may be used.
  • the UF membrane has a smaller pore size than the MF membrane.
  • the NF membrane is a reverse osmosis membrane such as a RO (Reverse Osmosis) membrane.
  • the pore diameter of the separation membrane 21 is appropriately selected depending on the size of the particles to be separated.
  • the material of the separation membrane 21 is PSF (polysulfone), PE (polyethylene), CA (cellulose acetate), PAN (polyacrylonitrile), PP (polypropylene), PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride), PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), etc. Can be used.
  • the separation membrane 21 can be made of an inorganic material such as ceramic.
  • the separation membrane 21 may be a separation membrane element in which a plurality of membranes of the above materials are arranged and integrated with parts such as a membrane support. Further, the separation membrane 21 may be a separation membrane module in which separation membrane elements are arranged in a sheet shape or a tubular shape.
  • the sheet-like separation membrane module for example, a flat membrane module or a spiral type module can be used.
  • the tubular separation membrane module for example, a hollow fiber module in which a number of hollow fibers are bundled and both ends are embedded in a resin can be used.
  • the suction pump 23 sucks permeate from the separation membrane 21 through the permeate flow path 22.
  • the amount of permeated water sucked by the suction pump 23 affects the permeation flux (flux (also referred to as “filtration flow rate”)) in the separation membrane 21.
  • the permeation flux is the amount of permeate per surface area of the separation membrane. If the surface area of the separation membrane 21 is constant, the permeate flux increases as the amount of permeate increases, and the permeate flux decreases as the amount of permeate decreases.
  • suction pump 23 By stopping the suction pump 23 for a certain period of time, the progress of fouling can be delayed. Note that while the suction pump 23 is stopped, for example, backwashing may be performed in which the separation membrane 21 is washed by applying a water pressure in the opposite direction to the suction to the separation membrane 21.
  • the suction pump 23 is driven by the water treatment control device 40, and the amount of permeated water is adjusted by suction of the suction pump.
  • the suction pump 23 drains the sucked permeated water from the drain passage 24.
  • the differential pressure gauge 25 measures the differential pressure between the primary side and the secondary side of the separation membrane 21 generated by the suction pump 23, and outputs the measured differential pressure data to the water treatment control device 40.
  • the differential pressure gauge 25 outputs the measured differential pressure data to the water treatment controller 40 as a current value of 4 to 20 mA, for example. Since the separation membrane 21 illustrated in FIG. 1 is immersed in the water tank 11 opened to the atmosphere at a predetermined water depth, the primary side of the separation membrane 21 has a constant pressure.
  • the differential pressure gauge 25 can measure the differential pressure between the atmospheric pressure and the pressure on the secondary side of the separation membrane 21 (the suction side of the suction pump 23) as the differential pressure between the primary side and the secondary side of the separation membrane 21.
  • the air diffuser 31 is installed in the lower part of the separation membrane 21 in the water of the water tank 11, and explodes air from the air hole provided in the air diffuser 31.
  • the air exploded from the air diffuser 31 performs a cleaning operation that physically vibrates the separation membrane 21 and peels off deposits adhering to the surface of the separation membrane 21. Separation of deposits by explosion is called air cleaning.
  • Air blown from the air diffuser 31 is supplied by the blower 32.
  • the size of the bubbles expelled from the air diffuser 31 and the speed of the bubbles vary depending on the size of the air holes of the air diffuser 31 and the air pressure of the air supplied from the blower.
  • the magnitude of the cleaning power by air cleaning can be adjusted by controlling the air pressure supplied from the blower.
  • the arrangement position of the air diffusing tube 31 and the shape of the separation membrane 21 can be determined so that the cleaning power of air cleaning is improved.
  • the separation membrane 21 is arranged to be long in the vertical direction of the water tank 11, thereby extending the time for the separation membrane 21 to contact the bubbles. Therefore, the cleaning power of air cleaning can be improved.
  • the blower 32 is driven by the water treatment control device 40.
  • the blower 32 can change the air pressure of the air supplied to the air diffuser 31 by the rotation speed of the motor by the water treatment control device 40.
  • the water treatment control device 40 drives the suction pump 23 and the blower 32 and acquires differential pressure data from the differential pressure gauge 25.
  • the water treatment control device 40 outputs the acquired differential pressure data to the separation membrane diagnostic device 50 and acquires information for changing the operating conditions of the suction pump 23 or the blower 32 from the separation membrane diagnostic device 50. Details of the water treatment control device 40 will be described later with reference to FIG.
  • the separation membrane diagnostic device 50 diagnoses the water permeability state of the separation membrane 21.
  • the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50 will explain a case where the fouling state in the separation membrane 21 in the MBR is diagnosed as the water permeable state of the separation membrane 21.
  • the MBR in the present embodiment is not limited to the integrated MBR.
  • This embodiment may be implemented in, for example, a separate water tank type MBR in which a separation membrane water tank in which a separation membrane is immersed is provided separately from the water tank 11 and treated water is circulated between the separation membrane water tank and the water tank 11.
  • the present embodiment may be implemented in an outside tank type MBR in which a separation membrane casing in which the separation membrane is immersed is provided outside the water tank 11 and treated water is supplied to the casing.
  • 1 illustrates the case where the secondary side of the separation membrane 21 is sucked by the suction pump 23 to allow permeate to pass therethrough.
  • the separation membrane 21 is installed at a position lower than the water tank 11, and the water tank
  • the permeated water may be permeated by applying water pressure to the primary side of the separation membrane 21 due to a drop between the separation membrane 11 and the separation membrane 21.
  • description of the structure of the water treatment apparatus 100 using FIG. 1 is complete
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of functional configurations of the water treatment control device 40 and the separation membrane diagnostic device 50 of the water treatment device 100 in the present embodiment.
  • the water treatment control device 40 has functions of a control unit 41, a pump drive unit 42, a blower drive unit 43, a differential pressure acquisition unit 44, an operation unit 45, a display unit 46, and a communication unit 47.
  • the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50 has functions of a control unit 51, a membrane resistance calculation unit 52, a frequency analysis unit 53, a determination unit 54, an operation unit 55, a display unit 56, and a communication unit 57.
  • each function of the water treatment control device 40 shown in FIG. 2 can be realized by a program (software) executed by a computer. Moreover, each said function of the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50 is realizable in the program (software) performed with a computer. However, any one or more of the above functions of the water treatment control device 40 may be realized in hardware. In addition, any one or more of the above functions of the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50 may be realized in hardware. Further, in FIG. 2, each function of the water treatment control device 40 or the separation membrane diagnostic device 50 is described as one function block illustrated by a frame line, but a plurality of functions are realized by one function block. May be. Similarly, each function of the water treatment control device 40 or the separation membrane diagnostic device 50 may be realized by a plurality of functional blocks.
  • the control unit 41 controls the operation of the water treatment control device 40.
  • the control unit 41 includes an arithmetic processing unit such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), for example, and each function of the pump drive unit 42, the blower drive unit 43, the differential pressure acquisition unit 44, the operation unit 45, the display unit 46, and the communication unit 47. It may be one that controls.
  • a CPU Central Processing Unit
  • the pump drive unit 42 drives the suction pump 23.
  • the pump drive unit 42 controls, for example, an inverter drive circuit (not shown) to control the rotation speed of the motor that drives the suction pump 23.
  • the control of the rotational speed of the motor includes ON / OFF control for turning on / off the motor.
  • the blower drive unit 43 drives the blower 32.
  • the blower drive unit 43 controls, for example, an inverter drive circuit (not shown) to control the rotation speed of a motor that drives the blower 32.
  • the control of the rotational speed of the motor includes ON / OFF control for turning on / off the motor.
  • the differential pressure acquisition unit 44 acquires differential pressure data measured by the differential pressure gauge 25.
  • the differential pressure data acquired by the differential pressure acquisition unit 44 is monitored by, for example, the control unit 41, and issues a warning that prompts cleaning when the differential pressure data exceeds a preset threshold value.
  • the differential pressure data acquired by the differential pressure acquisition unit 44 is output to the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50.
  • the operation unit 45 is operated by an operator of the water treatment control device 40.
  • the operation unit 45 is, for example, a keyboard.
  • the display unit 46 displays the state of the water treatment control device 40 and the like to the operator of the water treatment control device 40.
  • the display unit 46 displays, for example, a warning that prompts the cleaning described above.
  • the display unit 46 is, for example, a display or a lamp.
  • the operation unit 45 and the display unit 46 may be a device that performs operation input and display, such as a touch panel.
  • the communication unit 47 communicates with the communication unit 57 of the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50. Communication between the communication unit 47 and the communication unit 57 can be performed by wired communication or wireless communication.
  • the control unit 51 controls the operation of the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50.
  • the control unit 51 includes an arithmetic processing unit such as a CPU, for example, and controls each function of the membrane resistance calculation unit 52, the frequency analysis unit 53, the determination unit 54, the steering unit 55, the display unit 56, and the communication unit 57. May be.
  • the membrane resistance calculation unit 52 calculates the membrane resistance of the separation membrane 21.
  • the membrane resistance R is calculated from the equation (1).
  • R P / F (KPa / (m / day)) (1)
  • P differential pressure of separation membrane 21 (KPa)
  • the differential pressure of the separation membrane 21 can be acquired from the differential pressure gauge 25 as differential pressure data. Further, since the surface area of the separation membrane 21 is constant, the permeation flow rate can be obtained by measuring the amount of permeated water (m 3 / day) of the separation membrane 21 with a flow meter (not shown). For example, when the pump drive unit 42 is controlled to keep the amount of permeated water of the separation membrane 21 constant, the permeate flow velocity F becomes a constant value.
  • the membrane resistance calculation unit 52 calculates the rate of increase of the membrane resistance R (referred to as “membrane resistance increase rate”).
  • the rate of increase in membrane resistance is the change in membrane resistance R per predetermined time.
  • the rate of increase of the membrane resistance R is calculated as a change per minute. That is, the rate of increase in film resistance is expressed by equation (2).
  • Membrane resistance increase rate ⁇ R / min (KPa / ((m / day) ⁇ min)) (2)
  • ⁇ R change in membrane resistance R (KPa / (m / day))
  • the membrane resistance calculation unit 52 calculates the membrane resistance R at a rate of once per second, and sets the change in the calculated membrane resistance R as an approximate value with a value of 7 minutes. Can be calculated.
  • the membrane resistance increase rate in 7 minutes is approximated by calculating the membrane resistance increase rate in one suction time (7 minutes) in the interval operation in which the suction pump 23 sucks for 7 minutes and stops for 1 minute. It is to do.
  • the membrane resistance calculation unit 52 records the calculated membrane resistance increase rate.
  • the record of the film resistance increasing speed can be stored in a storage device such as a memory (not shown).
  • the rate of increase in membrane resistance is 0 (KPa / ((m / day) ⁇ min)).
  • the adhesion of the adhering portion to the separation membrane 21 also changes over time.
  • attachment adhering to the separation membrane 21 is physically peeled by the vibration by explosion, the peeling amount of a deposit
  • the membrane resistance calculation unit 52 records the state of the separation membrane 21 as a change in the membrane resistance increase rate.
  • the rate of increase in membrane resistance is an aspect of an index representing the state of the separation membrane.
  • the membrane resistance increase rate is described as an index representing the state of the separation membrane, but the index representing the state of the separation membrane is not limited to the membrane resistance increase rate.
  • the membrane resistance increase rate can be calculated based on the differential pressure of the separation membrane 21 and the flow rate of the permeated water. Therefore, for example, the differential pressure of the separation membrane 21, the flow rate of permeated water of the separation membrane 21, the permeation flow rate of the separation membrane 21, etc. may be used as an index representing the state of the separation membrane. That is, the index indicating the state of the separation membrane 21 may be an index indicating that the permeation performance of the separation membrane 21 changes with time (referred to as “time-dependent change”) due to fouling or the like.
  • the frequency analysis unit 53 frequency-converts the calculated vibration of the membrane resistance increasing speed and analyzes the vibration of the membrane resistance increasing speed.
  • the vibration of the membrane resistance increase rate refers to the fluctuation of the membrane resistance increase rate recorded at a predetermined time interval. When the membrane resistance increase rate is calculated every 7 minutes, the vibration of the membrane resistance increase rate becomes a fluctuation of the membrane resistance increase rate every 7 minutes.
  • the frequency analysis unit 53 performs frequency conversion using, for example, fast Fourier transform (FFT: Fast Fourier Transform).
  • FFT Fast Fourier Transform
  • the frequency analysis unit 53 may transmit vibration data of the membrane resistance increasing speed to an FFT analyzer outside the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50 (not shown) to obtain frequency-converted data.
  • the frequency analysis unit 53 hereinafter refers to the frequency-converted vibration of the film resistance increasing speed as “frequency conversion data”.
  • the frequency conversion data includes the frequency and the magnitude of vibration of the film resistance increasing speed (hereinafter referred to as “power”).
  • the frequency analysis unit 53 outputs the frequency conversion data to
  • the determination part 54 determines the water permeation state of the separation membrane 21 based on the frequency conversion data. In this embodiment, the case where the fouling state of the separation membrane 21 is determined as the water-permeable state of the separation membrane 21 will be described.
  • the determination unit 54 pays attention to a predetermined frequency band in the frequency conversion data, and determines the water permeability state of the separation membrane 21 based on the power in the frequency band.
  • the determination algorithm of the determination unit 54 that focuses on a predetermined frequency band is arbitrary.
  • the determination unit 54 determines the water permeable state based on the power in a predetermined frequency band.
  • the predetermined frequency band is, for example, a frequency band equal to or lower than a predetermined frequency, a frequency band equal to or higher than a predetermined frequency, a frequency band equal to or higher than the first frequency and equal to or lower than the second frequency, and the like.
  • the determination unit 54 can determine whether the power exceeds a predetermined threshold (upper limit value or lower limit value) by comparing the power with a threshold value in a predetermined frequency band.
  • the power to be compared with the threshold is a maximum value of power, an average value of power, a power contribution rate, or the like.
  • the power contribution rate can be calculated based on Equation (3).
  • the determination part 54 determines a water-permeable state by comparing a contribution rate and a threshold value.
  • the determination unit 54 may determine the water permeation state by separating the frequency conversion data into a plurality of frequency bands and comparing the power for each frequency band. For example, the determination unit 54 can determine the water permeation state by separating the first frequency band and the second frequency band and comparing the power of the first frequency band and the second frequency band.
  • the first frequency band is, for example, a low frequency region.
  • the second frequency band is, for example, a high frequency band.
  • the comparison of power for each frequency band includes, for example, comparison of maximum power values, comparison of average power values, comparison of power contribution ratios, and the like.
  • the determination unit 54 can determine the determination of the water permeability state of the separation membrane 21 as a multi-stage evaluation. For example, the determination unit 54 determines the first stage for determining that no fouling occurs, the second stage for determining mild fouling, the third stage for determining moderate fouling, and determines that the fouling is severe. As a fourth stage, determination for evaluating the separation membrane 21 is performed. The determination unit 54 outputs the determination result to the water treatment control device 40.
  • the operation unit 55 is operated by an operator of the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50.
  • the operation unit 55 is, for example, a keyboard.
  • the display unit 56 displays the state of the separation membrane diagnostic device 50 and the like to the operator of the separation membrane diagnostic device 50.
  • the display part 56 displays the determination result in the determination part 54, for example.
  • the display unit 56 is, for example, a display or a lamp.
  • the operation unit 55 and the display unit 56 may be a device that performs operation input and display, such as a touch panel.
  • the communication unit 57 communicates with the communication unit 47 of the water treatment control device 40. Above, description of the function of the water treatment control apparatus 40 and the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50 using FIG. 2 is complete
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus in the present embodiment.
  • the flowchart shown in FIG. 3 is executed in the functions of the control unit 51 and the like shown in FIG.
  • the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50 calculates the rate of increase in membrane resistance (step S11).
  • the calculation of the rate of increase in membrane resistance is approximated by the suction time by the suction pump 23 for 7 minutes.
  • the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50 After performing the process of step S11, the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50 performs a Fourier transform on the fluctuation (vibration) of the membrane resistance increase rate by an FFT analyzer, and performs frequency analysis on the power of the membrane resistance increase rate (step S12).
  • the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50 calculates a contribution rate.
  • the calculation of the contribution rate will be described later with reference to FIG. 14 as an example of calculating the contribution rate in the low frequency band as the first frequency band and the contribution rate in the high frequency band as the second frequency band.
  • the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50 determines whether or not to determine the water permeability state of the separation membrane 21 (step S14).
  • the determination as to whether or not to determine the water permeability state of the separation membrane 21 is, for example, whether or not the water treatment apparatus 100 is in operation, whether or not it is a predetermined determination time, and the like.
  • the separation membrane diagnostic device 50 ends the process shown in the flowchart of FIG. Note that the flowchart of FIG. 3 is repeatedly executed after completion.
  • step S15 when it is determined that the water permeation state of the separation membrane 21 is determined (step S14: YES), the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50 executes an operation condition changing process (step S15). Details of the operation condition changing process in step S15 will be described later with reference to FIGS. After performing the process of step S15, the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50 ends the process shown in the flowchart of FIG. Above, description of operation
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an example of the first operation of the operation condition changing process of the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50 in the present embodiment.
  • the first operation of the operation condition changing process is an operation for changing the operation condition of the water treatment device 100 by changing the explosion amount based on the determination result of the water permeability state of the separation membrane 21.
  • the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50 determines whether or not the determination condition is A1 (step S1511).
  • the determination condition is A1, for example, indicates that the water permeable state of the separation membrane 21 is good. For example, when the contribution rate of the low frequency band is 60% or more, the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50 determines that the determination condition is A1.
  • Whether or not the determination condition is A1, for example, may be determined that the determination condition is A1 when the contribution rate in a predetermined time, or the maximum value or average value of the contribution rate is 60% or more. .
  • the predetermined time is, for example, two days. When there is a lot of noise in the differential pressure data, it is possible to reduce the influence of noise by taking a long time.
  • step S1511 YES
  • the separation membrane diagnostic device 50 instructs the water treatment control device 40 so that the amount of explosion using the blower 32 becomes the first amount of explosion.
  • the instruction is output (step S1512).
  • the first explosion amount is a smaller explosion amount than a second explosion amount described later. It is assumed that the water treatment control device 40 drives the blower 32 in the blower drive unit 43 in accordance with the instruction acquired from the separation membrane diagnostic device 50. After performing the process of step S1512, the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50 ends the process of step S15 shown in FIG.
  • the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50 determines whether or not the determination condition is A2 (step S1513).
  • the determination condition being A2 indicates that, for example, mild fouling has occurred in the separation membrane 21. For example, when the contribution rate of the low frequency band is 50% or more and less than 60%, the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50 determines that the determination condition is A2.
  • the separation membrane diagnostic device 50 instructs the water treatment control device 40 so that the amount of explosion using the blower 32 becomes the second amount of explosion.
  • the instruction is output (step S1514).
  • the second explosion amount is larger than the first explosion amount and smaller than a third explosion amount described later.
  • step S1513 NO
  • the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50 determines whether or not the determination condition is A3 (step S1515).
  • the determination condition being A3 indicates that, for example, moderate fouling has occurred in the separation membrane 21.
  • the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50 determines that the determination condition is A3.
  • step S1515: YES the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50 instructs the water treatment control apparatus 40 so that the explosion amount using the blower 32 becomes the third explosion amount.
  • the instruction is output (step S1516).
  • the third explosion amount is a larger explosion amount than the second explosion amount.
  • the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50 issues a filter cleaning notification that prompts the cleaning operation of the separation membrane 21 (step S1517).
  • the determination condition not A3 indicates that, for example, severe fouling has occurred in the separation membrane 21.
  • the filter cleaning notification is, for example, an operation for displaying on the display unit 46 or the display unit 56 urging the cleaning work of the separation membrane 21 or issuing a predetermined alarm from a speaker or the like.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an example of the second operation of the operating condition changing process of the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50 in the present embodiment.
  • the second operation of the operation condition changing process is an operation for changing the operation condition of the water treatment device 100 by changing the explosion amount and the flux based on the determination result of the water permeability state of the separation membrane 21.
  • One of the first operation of the operation condition changing process described using FIG. 4 and the second operation of the operation condition changing process described using FIG. 5 is performed.
  • the separation membrane diagnosis apparatus 50 determines whether or not the determination condition is B1 (step S1521).
  • the determination condition being B1 indicates, for example, that the water permeable state of the separation membrane 21 is good. For example, when the contribution rate of the low frequency band is 60% or more, the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50 determines that the determination condition is B1.
  • Whether or not the determination condition is B1 may be determined that the determination condition is B1 when, for example, the contribution rate in a predetermined time, the maximum value of the contribution rate, or the average value is 60% or more.
  • the predetermined time is, for example, two days.
  • step S1521 YES
  • the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50 does not change the operation condition of the water treatment apparatus 100, and ends the process of step S15 shown in FIG.
  • the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50 starts controlling the amount of explosion using the blower 32 (step S1522).
  • the explosion amount control is, for example, control for increasing the explosion amount until the determination condition becomes B1.
  • the separation membrane diagnostic device 50 outputs an instruction to increase the amount of explosion to the water treatment control device 40.
  • the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50 determines whether or not the determination condition is B2 (step S1523).
  • the determination condition of B2 indicates that, for example, mild fouling has occurred in the separation membrane 21. For example, when the contribution rate of the low frequency band is 50% or more and less than 60%, the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50 determines that the determination condition is B2. If it is determined that the determination condition is B2 (step S1523: YES), the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50 ends the process of step S15 shown in FIG. That is, when mild fouling occurs and it is determined that the determination condition is B2, the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50 performs only explosion amount control without performing flux control.
  • step S1523 NO
  • the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50 starts flux control using the suction pump 23 (step S1524).
  • the flux control is, for example, control for reducing the flux until the determination condition becomes B2.
  • the separation membrane diagnostic device 50 outputs an instruction to reduce the flux to the water treatment control device 40.
  • the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50 determines whether or not the determination condition is B3 (step S1525).
  • the determination condition is B3, for example, indicates that moderate fouling has occurred in the separation membrane 21. For example, when the contribution rate of the low frequency band is 40% or more and less than 50%, the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50 determines that the determination condition is BB. If it is determined that the determination condition is BB (step S1525: YES), the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50 ends the process of step S15 shown in FIG. That is, when the medium fouling occurs and it is determined that the determination condition is B3, the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50 performs the flux control and the explosion amount control.
  • the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50 issues a filter cleaning notification that prompts the cleaning operation of the separation membrane 21 (step S1526).
  • the determination condition is not B3, for example, indicates that severe fouling has occurred in the separation membrane 21.
  • the filter cleaning notification is, for example, an operation for displaying on the display unit 46 or the display unit 56 urging the cleaning work of the separation membrane 21 or issuing a predetermined alarm from a speaker or the like.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 exemplify the operation of changing the operating condition based on the determination result of the water permeable state of the separation membrane 21, the operation of changing the operating condition based on the determination result of the water permeable state of the separation membrane 21 is illustrated here. It is not limited to. For example, in FIGS. 4 and 5, the case where the water permeation state of the separation membrane 21 is determined in four stages has been described, but three or less stages or five or more stages may be determined. Moreover, although the method of changing the amount of explosions, the method of changing the amount of explosions and a flux was shown as a change of operating conditions, the method of changing only a flux, the method of changing the flow volume of raw water, the method of changing MLSS For example, other operating conditions may be changed.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph showing an example of the change over time of the membrane resistance of the separation membrane 21 in the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 shows the change over time in the differential pressure when an interval operation is repeated in which a suction time of 7 minutes by the suction pump 23 and a stop time of 1 minute are repeated.
  • One point illustrated in FIG. 6 is the measured differential pressure every minute.
  • the difference in pressure during the time t1, t2, t3, etc. is a measured value when the suction pump 23 is stopped.
  • FIG. 6 shows that the differential pressure may increase during the suction time of 7 minutes, while the differential pressure may decrease during the suction time of 7 minutes.
  • FIG. 7 is a graph showing an example of approximating the change with time of the membrane resistance of the separation membrane 21 in the present embodiment.
  • the straight line shown approximates the change in the differential pressure during the suction time of 7 minutes with a straight line.
  • the approximation method is arbitrary.
  • the linear approximation can be performed by, for example, the least square method. Further, instead of performing linear approximation, curve approximation may be performed.
  • the background of the straight line is displayed in white so that the approximate straight line can be easily seen.
  • the approximate straight line shown in FIG. 7 indicates that there is a case of a positive slope and a case of a negative slope.
  • the slope of the approximate straight line shown in FIG. 7 indicates the film resistance increase rate.
  • FIG. 8 is a graph showing an example of a change with time of the rate of increase in membrane resistance of the separation membrane 21 in the present embodiment.
  • the horizontal axis indicates the number of days that have elapsed since the day (first day) when the separation membrane 21 was cleaned.
  • the vertical axis represents the rate of increase in membrane resistance.
  • the film resistance increase rate has changed around 0 (KPa / ((m / day) ⁇ min)) from about the 11th day after the cleaning operation. However, it rapidly increases from around the 12th day, indicating that the membrane resistance R is increasing at an accelerated rate.
  • FIG. 8 shows that the permeation performance of the separation membrane 21 by fouling rapidly deteriorates after a predetermined number of days. The separation membrane 21 whose change with time was measured was emergency stopped by fouling on the 13th day. Therefore, for example, even if only the measurement value of the differential pressure gauge is recorded, it is difficult to predict a rapid deterioration of the permeation performance of the separation membrane 21 due to fouling.
  • FIG. 9 is a graph showing an example of frequency conversion of the change over time in the rate of increase in membrane resistance after the first time has elapsed since the separation membrane 21 was washed in the present embodiment.
  • the first time elapse is the cleaning work execution date in FIG.
  • the separation membrane 21 is assumed to be clean by washing.
  • the horizontal axis indicates the frequency.
  • the entire frequency band is in the vicinity of 0 to 1.05 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 (Hz).
  • the vertical axis represents the magnitude (power) of the membrane resistance increase rate.
  • the graph shown in FIG. 9 uses a Hanning window as a window function in FFT. The FFT is performed once every 80 minutes, and noise is removed by averaging the conversion results for 8 hours before and after. The result shown in FIG.
  • the filter 9 has a peak in the vicinity of 0.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 (Hz), the entire frequency band is 0 to 0.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 (Hz), the low frequency band, 0.6
  • a frequency band of ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 (Hz) or higher is classified as a high frequency band, the power in the low frequency band is high.
  • FIG. 10 is a graph showing an example of frequency conversion of the change over time in the rate of increase in membrane resistance after the second time has elapsed since cleaning of the separation membrane 21 in the present embodiment.
  • the second time passage is the seventh day in FIG.
  • the elapsed time is roughly in the middle of the thirteenth day when the permeation performance of the separation membrane 21 rapidly deteriorates due to fouling.
  • the FFT conditions in FIG. 10 are the same as those in FIG.
  • the results shown in FIG. 10 indicate that, as in FIG. 9, the entire frequency band is 0 to 0.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 (Hz), the low frequency band, and the frequency band of 0.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 (Hz) or higher. Is classified as a high frequency band, the power in the low frequency band is high. However, peaks also appear in the vicinity of 0.25 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 (Hz) and in the vicinity of 0.9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 (Hz), and the power distribution in the entire frequency band is shifted to the high frequency band compared to FIG. .
  • FIG. 11 is a graph showing an example of frequency conversion of the change over time in the rate of increase in membrane resistance after the third time has elapsed since the separation membrane 21 was washed in the present embodiment.
  • the third time passage is the 11th day in FIG.
  • the 11th day is 2 days before the permeation performance of the separation membrane 21 is rapidly deteriorated due to fouling, and the magnitude of the rate of increase in membrane resistance shown in FIG. 8 is after the first time and the second time. There is no difference.
  • the FFT conditions in FIG. 11 are the same as those in FIGS.
  • the results shown in FIG. 11 indicate that, as in FIG. 9, when the entire frequency band is 0 to 0.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 (Hz), the power peak is dispersed in the entire frequency band. That is, the magnitude of the film resistance increase rate for which no difference is recognized in FIG. 8 is expressed as a large difference after frequency conversion. This is the end of the description of the result of frequency conversion of the time-dependent change in the membrane resistance increase rate with reference to FIGS.
  • FIG. 12 is a graph showing an example of a frequency band setting method for calculating the contribution rate in the present embodiment.
  • the graph shown in FIG. 12 uses the graph shown in FIG.
  • the entire frequency band (all bands) is 0 to 1.05 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 (Hz).
  • the first frequency band (band 1) is 0 to 0.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 (Hz).
  • the second frequency band (band 2) is 0.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 to 1.05 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 (Hz).
  • the contribution rate in the first frequency band is defined as a band 1 contribution rate
  • the contribution rate in the second frequency band is defined as a band 2 contribution rate.
  • the calculation method of the band 1 contribution ratio and the band 2 contribution ratio is calculated by Expression (3).
  • FIG. 12 shows the case where the entire frequency band is divided into two frequency bands and the first frequency band and the second frequency band are set as the determination target frequency bands.
  • the setting method is not limited to this.
  • the first frequency band and the second frequency band may be discontinuous frequency bands.
  • a predetermined part of the entire frequency band may be determined.
  • the entire frequency band may be divided into three or more frequency bands to be determined.
  • FIG. 13 is a graph showing an example of transition of the band 1 contribution ratio and the band 2 contribution ratio in the present embodiment.
  • the band 1 contribution rate is higher than the band 2 contribution rate.
  • the band 1 contribution rate decreases and the band 2 contribution rate rises, and the band 1 contribution rate graph and the band 2 contribution rate graph are interlaced.
  • the ninth day is four days before the permeation performance of the separation membrane 21 suddenly deteriorates. That is, FIG. 13 shows that a fouling sign can be determined based on the transition of the contribution rate. Since the signs of fouling can be determined in advance, it is possible to prevent an emergency stop of water treatment due to fouling by the pre-cleaning work, and it is possible to reduce the cleaning cost associated with the regular cleaning work. . Above, description of transition of the band 1 contribution rate and the band 2 contribution rate using FIG. 13 is complete
  • FIG. 14 is a graph showing an example of the transition of the contribution rate when the explosion amount is changed in the present embodiment.
  • the band 1 contribution rate graph and the band 2 contribution rate graph are interlaced to show signs of fouling.
  • the band 1 contribution rate increases and the band 2 contribution rate decreases, indicating that the signs of fouling have disappeared. That is, based on the contribution rate, it can be determined that the permeation performance of the separation membrane 21 has been recovered by explosion or the like.
  • the operating conditions described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5 are changed based on the contribution rate.
  • FIG. 14 shows that in this embodiment, it is possible to change the appropriate operating conditions based on the contribution rate. Above, description of transition of the contribution rate when changing the amount of explosions using FIG. 14 is complete
  • the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50 in this embodiment was demonstrated as what diagnoses the water permeation state of the separation membrane 21 in MBR, the separation membrane diagnostic apparatus 50 is a pure water manufacturing system, a water treatment system, seawater, for example It can also be applied to diagnosis of the water permeability of the separation membrane in a desalination system or the like.
  • the separation membrane diagnostic method includes an acquisition step, a time-change recording step, a vibration analysis step, and a determination step, so that the state of the separation membrane used for water treatment is determined.
  • a separation membrane diagnosis method a water treatment method, a separation membrane diagnosis device, a water treatment device, a separation membrane diagnosis program, or a storage medium on which the program is recorded, which can reduce water treatment costs by accurately grasping be able to.
  • the above-described apparatus may be realized by a computer.
  • a program for realizing the function of each functional block is recorded on a computer-readable recording medium.
  • the program recorded on the recording medium may be read by a computer system and executed by the CPU.
  • the “computer system” here includes hardware such as an OS (Operating System) and peripheral devices.
  • the “computer-readable recording medium” refers to a portable medium such as a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk, a ROM, and a CD-ROM.
  • the “computer-readable recording medium” includes a storage device such as a hard disk built in the computer system.
  • the “computer-readable recording medium” may include a medium that dynamically holds a program for a short time.
  • the “computer-readable recording medium” may include a medium that holds a program for a certain period of time, such as a volatile memory inside a computer system that serves as a server or a client.
  • the program may be for realizing a part of the functions described above.
  • the program may be a program that can realize the above-described functions in combination with a program already recorded in the computer system.
  • the program may be realized using a programmable logic device.
  • the programmable logic device is, for example, an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array).
  • each functional unit of the apparatus described with reference to the drawings is a software functional unit, but a part or all of the functions may be a hardware functional unit such as an LSI.
  • Example 1 An example in which MBR film fouling is predicted is shown in FIG. FIG. 15 shows changes in the membrane resistance R, the band 1 contribution ratio, and the band 2 contribution ratio of the separation membrane 21 in the present embodiment.
  • the membrane resistance increased rapidly from February 13, and operation was stopped on February 14.
  • a method of predicting this sudden rise using the transition of the band 1 contribution rate will be described.
  • the value of the band 1 contribution ratio for two days is determined as a sign of fouling.
  • the method for calculating the band 1 contribution rate is as described above.
  • the band 1 contribution ratio does not maintain 60% or less for 2 days, and it can be determined that the water permeability of the separation membrane is good. From February 9, it can be determined that the contribution ratio of the band 1 is maintained at 50% or less for 2 days and the state of the separation membrane is poor. This made it possible to predict fouling a few days ago.
  • FIG. 16 shows an example in which MBR film fouling is predicted in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • FIG. 16 shows an operation example from June 1 to July 4, and the film resistance suddenly increased on July 4 and the operation was stopped. From June 1 to June 17 in the initial operation, the band 1 contribution ratio does not maintain 60% or less for 2 days, and it can be determined that the water permeability of the separation membrane is good. From June 17, it can be determined that the band 1 contribution ratio is maintained at 60% or less and the state of the separation membrane is poor. This made it possible to predict fouling from about two weeks ago.
  • FIG. 17 shows an example in which MBR film fouling is predicted under the same conditions as in Example 1.
  • FIG. 17 shows an operation example from March 1 to March 10, and the film resistance increased from March 6, and the operation was stopped on March 10. From March 1 of the operation start date, it can be determined that the band 1 contribution ratio is maintained at 60% or less for 2 days and the state of the separation membrane is poor. As a result, it was possible to predict fouling from several days ago.
  • FIG. 18 shows an example in which MBR film fouling is predicted under the same conditions as in Example 1.
  • FIG. 18 shows an example of operation from April 1 to April 30, and the membrane resistance did not increase after one month of operation. From April 1 of the operation start date, it can be determined that the band 1 contribution ratio does not maintain 60% or less for two days, and the water permeability of the separation membrane is good and fouling does not occur.
  • FIG. 19 shows an example in which MBR film fouling is predicted under the same conditions as in Example 1.
  • FIG. 19 shows an operation example from March 4th to March 19th. From March 10, it can be judged that the band 1 contribution ratio is maintained at 60% or less for 2 days and the state of the separation membrane is poor. According to this result, the explosion air volume was changed 1.5 times on March 16. Thereafter, the pressure difference does not rapidly increase, and the band 1 contribution ratio does not maintain 60% or less, and it can be determined that the water permeability of the separation membrane is improved.
PCT/JP2017/003363 2016-02-01 2017-01-31 分離膜診断方法、水処理方法、分離膜診断装置、水処理装置及び分離膜診断プログラム WO2017135235A1 (ja)

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