WO2022201978A1 - フィルタ評価装置、浄化装置、及びフィルタ評価方法 - Google Patents
フィルタ評価装置、浄化装置、及びフィルタ評価方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022201978A1 WO2022201978A1 PCT/JP2022/005995 JP2022005995W WO2022201978A1 WO 2022201978 A1 WO2022201978 A1 WO 2022201978A1 JP 2022005995 W JP2022005995 W JP 2022005995W WO 2022201978 A1 WO2022201978 A1 WO 2022201978A1
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- filter
- control unit
- water
- treated water
- membrane
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D65/10—Testing of membranes or membrane apparatus; Detecting or repairing leaks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/02—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving viable microorganisms
- C12Q1/04—Determining presence or kind of microorganism; Use of selective media for testing antibiotics or bacteriocides; Compositions containing a chemical indicator therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/02—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving viable microorganisms
- C12Q1/04—Determining presence or kind of microorganism; Use of selective media for testing antibiotics or bacteriocides; Compositions containing a chemical indicator therefor
- C12Q1/06—Quantitative determination
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6844—Nucleic acid amplification reactions
- C12Q1/686—Polymerase chain reaction [PCR]
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a filter evaluation device, a purification device, and a filter evaluation method.
- Patent Document 1 Conventionally, there has been known a method of determining whether or not there is a problem with a filter included in a purifying device using a PDT (Pressure Decay Test) (see Patent Document 1, for example).
- Stopping the purifier reduces the convenience of the purifier, such as lowering the operation rate of the purifier. Improvement of the convenience of the purifier is required.
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide a filter evaluation device, a purification device, and a filter evaluation method that can improve the convenience of the purification device.
- a filter evaluation device includes a control unit that evaluates the soundness of the filter based on the measurement result of microorganisms contained in treated water filtered by the filter and outputs information about the evaluation result. By doing so, the soundness of the filter can be evaluated while the purifier is in operation. As a result, the convenience of a purifying device having a filter is improved.
- control unit may output an alarm regarding the filter when the treated water contains microorganisms having a particle size equal to or larger than a predetermined value determined based on the filtration performance of the filter.
- control unit may output an alarm regarding the filter when a specific type of microorganism is detected as a microorganism contained in the treated water.
- a purification device includes the filter evaluation device, the filter, and a measurement unit that measures microorganisms contained in water filtered by the filter and outputs the measurement result to the filter evaluation device. Prepare. By doing so, the soundness of the filter can be evaluated while the purifier is in operation. As a result, the convenience of a purifying device having a filter is improved.
- the purifying device includes a plurality of filters connected in parallel, and treated water filtered by the plurality of filters located in a pipe that merges on the secondary side of the plurality of filters. and a sampling port.
- a filter evaluation method includes evaluating the soundness of the filter based on the measurement result of microorganisms contained in treated water filtered by the filter, and outputting information about the evaluation result. include. By doing so, the soundness of the filter can be evaluated while the purifier is in operation. As a result, the convenience of a purifying device having a filter is improved.
- the filter evaluation device, purification device, and filter evaluation method according to the present disclosure the convenience of a purification device having a filter is improved.
- FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram of implementation of PDT according to a comparative example
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of a membrane of a filter to be subjected to PDT.
- BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a schematic diagram which shows the structural example of the purification apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration example in which samples are collectively collected from a plurality of filters connected in parallel
- 6 is a flow chart showing an example procedure of a filter evaluation method according to an embodiment
- Comparative example As a comparative example, a method of evaluating soundness of a filter by PDT (Pressure Decay Test) will be described.
- the membrane filtration system according to the comparative example has 36 series of filter units.
- the PDT is used to check whether there is any deterioration in airtightness due to rupture of the filter membrane, peeling of the sealing material, or failure of the machinery or materials that make up the filter unit. Monitored based on results.
- the operation of the membrane filtration system according to the comparative example is continuously controlled by an operation sequence including filtration, backwash and CEB (Chemically Enhanced Backwash) for each filter unit.
- Backwashing means washing the filter unit with filtered water.
- CEB means cleaning the filter unit with chemicals.
- the PDT-tested filter 90 is configured to receive water to be filtered from the supply side (primary side) and deliver filtered water to the permeate side (secondary side).
- filter 90 filters water
- valve 91 on the primary side and valve 92 on the secondary side are opened.
- the primary side valve 92 is closed when PDT is executed. Then, the valve 93 to which the compressed air pipe is connected is opened. This injects pressurized air to pressurize the primary side of filter 90 .
- pressure fluctuations are monitored over time. If there is a break or break in the filtration membrane of the filter 90 and in the mechanical members within the module containing the filter 90, pressurized air injected into the primary side will leak to the secondary side. If the pressurized air leaks, a decrease in pressure on the primary side or an increase in pressure on the secondary side is detected. A failure of the filter 90 can be detected by detecting a change in primary or secondary pressure. Also, the air leaked to the secondary side forms bubbles in the water on the secondary side.
- the secondary piping includes transparent piping 94, air leaks may be visually observed as air bubbles 95.
- FIG. Pressurized air may be injected to pressurize the secondary side of filter 90 . In this case, failure of filter 90 may be detected by observing leakage on the primary side of filter 90 .
- the theoretical membrane rupture diameter that can be inspected by PDT is 3 ⁇ m.
- An aquatic microorganism corresponding to a diameter of 3 ⁇ m is Cryptosporidium.
- microorganisms that can be filtered by a filter determined to be normal by PDT are Cryptosporidium or microorganisms larger than Cryptosporidium.
- a filter determined to be normal by PDT inspection cannot filter microorganisms with a diameter of less than 3 ⁇ m, such as bacteria such as E. coli or viruses. In other words, the filter inspection by PDT cannot guarantee the performance of removing microorganisms with a diameter of less than 3 ⁇ m.
- Equation 4.1 The theory of PDT testing is explained based on Equation 4.1 below.
- Equation 4.1 the pressurized pressure Ptest of the bubbles generated on the primary side of the filter by the PDT, the shape factor ⁇ of the holes provided in the filter, and the surface tension ⁇ generated between the air and the liquid , the relationship between the friction angle ⁇ generated between the liquid and the membrane, the back pressure BP max generated on the secondary side of the filter, and the unity scaling factor for the rupture diameter of the membrane of 3 ⁇ m is specified.
- the unit conversion factor is represented by the numerical value of 0.193 in Equation 4.1.
- Equation 4.1 is the same as Equation B.1 below.
- 1 is an application of Bubble Point Theory.
- Bubble Point Theory is a pressure theory that can hold bubbles by the viscosity and surface tension of water.
- the pressure Pbp that can hold a bubble is proportional to the surface tension ⁇ and inversely proportional to the pore diameter dcap.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the film structure of the filter 90 to be subjected to PDT.
- the membrane of filter 90 has pores 96 .
- the diameter of the hole 96 is represented by d in FIG. Details of the filter membrane are described in Appendix B of the above-mentioned document EPA 815-R-06-009.
- Equation B When a break 97 occurs in the membrane, the pressure that can be maintained at the hole 96 provided in the membrane and the break 97 created in the membrane is given by the following equation B. 1.
- Formula B By unit-converting each parameter of B.1 and applying the coefficients corresponding to a 3 ⁇ m diameter bubble, the equation B.B. 1 is transformed into equation 4.1.
- a PDT execution sequence is incorporated to evaluate the soundness of the filter.
- each operation sequence of the membrane filtration system is stopped.
- the performance of PDT reduces the operating rate of the membrane filtration system.
- the control of the operation sequence for incorporating the PDT execution sequence becomes complicated. It also requires the addition of dedicated equipment for performing PDT.
- the filter evaluation device 30 and the filter evaluation method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure which will be described later, the soundness of the filter 10 is is evaluated.
- the execution of the evaluation of the soundness of the filter 10 is less likely to affect the operation rate and the control of the operation sequence.
- no dedicated equipment is required to assess the health of the filter 10 .
- the convenience of the purification device 1 is improved.
- the filter evaluation device 30 and the filter evaluation method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure are related to acute toxicity of the filtered water of the membrane filtration system, and viruses, bacteria, protozoa, etc. contained in the filtered water
- Sampling confirms the presence or absence of pathogenic microorganisms and quantitatively measures pathogenic microorganisms.
- pathogenic microorganisms the ability of the membrane filtration system to block pathogenic microorganisms is understood.
- grasping the current performance of the membrane filtration system and the quality of filtered water it is possible to compare the performance that the membrane filtration system should originally exhibit. Then, based on the current performance, the membrane filtration system can be controlled.
- a purification device 1, a filter evaluation device 30, and a filter evaluation method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below.
- a purification device 1 may be employed in water treatment infrastructure such as water purification plants, sewage treatment plants, water reclamation facilities, or seawater desalination facilities.
- Microfiltration (MF membrane), Ultrafiltration (UF membrane), Nanofiltration (NF membrane), Reverse Osmosis Membrane Filtration (RO membrane) applied to water treatment infrastructure ), etc. it is necessary to ensure the water quality of membrane treatment.
- MF membrane Microfiltration
- UF membrane Ultrafiltration
- NF membrane Nanofiltration
- RO membrane Reverse Osmosis Membrane Filtration
- a purification device 1 includes a filter 10, a measurement unit 20 that measures microorganisms contained in water filtered by the filter 10, and a control unit 32. .
- Filter 10 includes a membrane that filters water.
- the membrane of the filter 10 may be configured including an organic membrane material, an inorganic membrane material, or the like.
- Organic membrane materials include, for example, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyethylene (PE), tetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polypropylene (PP), cellulose acetate (CA), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyimide (PI), and polysulfone. (PS), polyethersulfone (PES), and the like.
- the inorganic film material may include, for example, a ceramic film using aluminum oxide (alumina: Al2O3), zirconium oxide (zirconia: ZrO2), titanium oxide (titania: TiO2), or the like.
- Inorganic membrane materials may include stainless steel (SUS) or glass (SPG) membranes.
- a membrane is configured as a module to filter water in the filter 10 .
- the module may comprise hollow fibers using an organic membrane material.
- the module may be configured in a flat membrane spiral geometry.
- the module may be configured to be applicable to a pressurization method in which water is pressurized to pass through.
- the module may be configured to be applicable to submerged filtration systems that are immersed in water in a water tank.
- the module may be composed of a monolith or a flat membrane shape using an inorganic membrane material.
- Control unit 32 controls each component. Further, the control unit 32 acquires information from each component of the purification device 1 and outputs information to each component.
- the control unit 32 evaluates the soundness of the filter 10 as described later. Controller 32 may be considered part of filter evaluator 30 .
- the filter evaluation device 30 may be included in the purification device 1 or may be configured separately from the purification device 1 .
- the control unit 32 may be configured including a processor such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit).
- the control unit 32 may implement a predetermined function by causing the processor to execute a predetermined program.
- the control unit 32 may include a storage unit.
- the storage unit may store various information used for the operation of the control unit 32, programs for realizing the functions of the control unit 32, and the like.
- the storage section may function as a work memory for the control section 32 .
- the storage unit may be composed of, for example, a semiconductor memory or the like.
- the storage unit may be included in the control unit 32 or may be configured separately from the control
- the purification device 1 operates in filtration mode. In the filtration mode, the purifier 1 filters the water to be treated stored in the water storage tank 11 and the like with the filter 10, and feeds the filtered treated water into the water storage tank 15 and the like.
- the purification device 1 includes a filtration pump 12 that feeds water to be treated stored in a water storage tank 11 or the like to the primary side of the filter 10, and a valve 13 that is connected between the primary side of the filter 10 and the filtration pump 12. , and a valve 14 connected to the secondary side of the filter 10 .
- the water to be treated is sent to the primary side of the filter 10 by the filtration pump 12 while the valve 13 is open, and filtered by the filter 10 to become treated water.
- the treated water is sent out from the secondary side of the filter 10 toward the water storage tank 15 or the like while the valve 14 is open. That is, in the filtration mode, the controller 32 of the purification device 1 opens the valves 13 and 14 and drives the filtration pump 12 .
- the purification device 1 may operate in backwash mode. In the backwash mode, the purifier 1 feeds wash water to the secondary side of the filter 10 and causes the wash water to flow from the secondary side to the primary side, thereby backwashing the filter 10 .
- treated water stored in the water storage tank 15 or the like may be used as washing water.
- the water used for backwashing the filter 10 is sent to the waste liquid tank 56 as a waste liquid.
- the purification device 1 is connected between a backwash pump 51 that feeds wash water such as treated water stored in a water storage tank 15 to the secondary side of the filter 10 and the secondary side of the filter 10 and the backwash pump 51 . and a valve 52 .
- the purification device 1 further comprises a valve 55 connected between the primary side of the filter 10 and the waste liquid tank 56 .
- Wash water is pumped to the secondary side of filter 10 by backwash pump 51 with valve 52 open and valve 14 closed.
- the washing water sent to the secondary side of the filter 10 backwashes the filter 10 by flowing to the primary side and becomes a waste liquid.
- Waste liquid generated by backwashing the filter 10 flows into the waste liquid tank 56 with the valve 55 open and the valve 13 closed. That is, in the backwashing mode, the control unit 32 of the purification device 1 closes the valves 13 and 14 , opens the valves 52 and 55 , and drives the backwashing pump 51 .
- the purifier 1 may add chemicals to the wash water sent to the secondary side of the filter 10 .
- the purification device 1 further includes a valve 53 and a chemical solution 54 .
- the chemical solution 54 is connected via a valve 53 to a pipe connecting a backwash pump 51 through which washing water flows and a valve 52 .
- the purifier 1 may add chemicals to the wash water with the valve 53 open.
- the controller 32 of the purification device 1 may open the valve 53 in the backwash mode.
- the purification device 1 samples a part of the treated water and measures the microorganisms contained in the sample.
- the purifier 1 further includes a valve 21 connected to the pipe through which the treated water is sent.
- a measuring unit 20 samples a portion of the treated water through a valve 21 .
- the measurement unit 20 may control sampling by controlling opening and closing of the valve 21 .
- the measurement unit 20 detects microorganisms contained in the collected sample, and measures the type of detected microorganisms or the concentration or amount of the microorganisms.
- the measurement unit 20 may sample a portion of the treated water, for example, in the following procedure.
- the measurement unit 20 may collect part of the treated water as a sample when the quality of the treated water deteriorates. Specifically, the measurement unit 20 may monitor the water quality index value of the treated water, and collect a portion of the treated water as a sample when the water quality index value satisfies the conditions.
- the measurement unit 20 measures electrical conductivity (EC), flow site particles, turbidity, chromaticity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total Organic carbon (TOC), dissolved oxygen (DO), suspended solids (SS), chlorophyll concentration, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), organic pollutant concentration, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ), etc. may be monitored. By doing so, it is more likely that the sample will contain more microorganisms. As a result, detection efficiency of microorganisms contained in the sample can be improved.
- the measurement unit 20 may continuously sample the treated water while controlling the flow rate and flow velocity of the sampled treated water. In this way the treated water can be sampled over an extended period of time.
- the measurement unit 20 may be provided with equipment for cooling the collected sample, controlling the temperature of the sample at a predetermined temperature, and storing the sample.
- the measurement unit 20 may be provided with equipment for cooling the pipes from which the samples are taken. By doing so, the detection accuracy of microorganisms contained in the sample can be improved.
- the measurement unit 20 may control the flow rate of the pipe for sampling the treated water to a predetermined amount or more by adding water for dilution or the like. By doing so, the pipes are less likely to be clogged.
- the measurement unit 20 may collect samples by various methods, not limited to the method described above.
- the measurement unit 20 detects microorganisms contained in the sample.
- the measurement unit 20 may detect viruses, bacteria, protozoa, or the like as microorganisms.
- the measurement unit 20 may measure the size of microorganisms contained in the sample.
- the measurement unit 20 may, for example, acquire an image of microorganisms contained in the sample and measure the size of the microorganisms.
- the measurement unit 20 may measure the types of microorganisms contained in the sample.
- the measurement unit 20 for example, amplifies the genetic nucleic acid of the microorganism contained in the sample by a PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) method, performs reformation (hybridization) of the amplified nucleic acid and the fluorescent nucleic acid probe, and detects luminescence. By doing so, the type of microorganism may be detected.
- PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction
- the measurement unit 20 may measure the amount or concentration of microorganisms contained in the sample.
- the measurement unit 20 may detect the amount or concentration of microorganisms based on, for example, the most probable number method (MPN method).
- MPN method most probable number method
- the measurement unit 20 outputs measurement results regarding microorganisms to the control unit 32 .
- the control unit 32 evaluates the soundness of the filter 10 based on the measurement result obtained from the measurement unit 20 regarding the microorganisms contained in a portion of the treated water taken as a sample.
- the health of filter 10 includes filtration performance of filter 10 .
- the soundness of the filter 10 is degraded when the membrane of the filter 10 is damaged such as fracture.
- the control unit 32 may determine that the membrane of the filter 10 has been damaged when a predetermined type of microorganism is detected from the sample.
- the control unit 32 may determine that the membrane of the filter 10 has been damaged when microorganisms larger than a predetermined size are detected from the sample.
- the control unit 32 may determine that the membrane of the filter 10 has been damaged when the amount of microorganisms contained in the sample is equal to or greater than a predetermined amount.
- the control unit 32 may determine that the membrane of the filter 10 is damaged when the concentration of microorganisms contained in the sample is equal to or higher than a predetermined concentration.
- the measurement unit 20 collects a sample from the secondary side of the one filter 10 .
- the control unit 32 can evaluate the soundness of the one filter 10 based on the sample measurement result by the measurement unit 20 .
- the measurement unit 20 may collect samples from the pipes on the secondary side of each filter 10 .
- the control unit 32 can assess the health of each filter 10 .
- the measurement unit 20 may collect a sample of a plurality of filters 10 together from a pipe where the plurality of filters 10 connected in parallel are merged on the secondary side.
- three filters 10 may be connected in parallel with each other.
- the purification device 1 may comprise a plurality of filters 10 connected in parallel with each other.
- the number of filters 10 is not limited to three, and may be two or four or more.
- the purification device 1 feeds the water to be treated stored in the water storage tank 11 to the filter 10 connected in parallel by the filtration pump 12, and feeds the treated water filtered by the filter 10 to the water storage tank 15.
- - ⁇ A measuring unit 20 samples a portion of the treated water through a valve 21 .
- FIG. 21 In the example of FIG.
- the valve 21 is configured so that the measurement unit 20 can collect the treated water filtered by the plurality of filters 10 from the piping where the secondary sides of the filters 10 connected in parallel join together. be. That is, the measurement unit 20 can collectively collect the treated water filtered by the plurality of filters 10 via the valve 21 .
- the control unit 32 can evaluate the soundness of the plurality of filters 10 connected in parallel as a whole. If the overall soundness of the plurality of filters 10 connected in parallel is degraded, the control unit 32 can determine that at least one of the filters 10 is degraded in soundness.
- the measurement section 20 may collect samples from the secondary side of each filter 10 .
- the control unit 32 can evaluate the soundness of each filter 10 based on the measurement results of samples taken from the secondary side of each filter 10 .
- filters 10 may include reverse osmosis membranes.
- control unit 32 When the control unit 32 determines that the soundness of the filter 10 is degraded, it may stop the operation of the purification device 1 in the filtration mode.
- the control unit 32 may output evaluation results regarding the soundness of the filter 10 .
- the control unit 32 may output an alarm when determining that the soundness of the filter 10 is degraded.
- the control unit 32 may output information indicating the timing of replacement of the filter 10 as an alarm.
- the control unit 32 may output, as an alarm, information notifying that it is necessary to stop the operation in the filtering mode. By doing so, the need for maintenance such as replacement of the filter 10 becomes clear. As a result, the convenience of the purification device 1 is improved.
- the control unit 32 may determine that the soundness of the filter 10 is degraded and output an alarm when the alarm condition is satisfied.
- the alarm condition may include, for example, that the particle size of detected microorganisms is equal to or greater than a predetermined value in the measurement result of the measurement unit 20 .
- the predetermined value can be determined based on the filtration performance of filter 10 .
- the predetermined value may be set to, for example, the same value as the pore diameter of the filtration membrane of the filter 10 or a value smaller than the pore diameter.
- the alarm condition may include, for example, that the type of microorganism detected in the measurement result of the measurement unit 20 is a specific type.
- the alarm condition may include that the concentration of microorganisms detected is greater than or equal to a predetermined concentration. Alarm conditions are not limited to these, and may be configured to include various items.
- a filter evaluation method may be performed as the procedure of the flow chart illustrated in FIG.
- the control unit 32 of the purification device 1 may execute the filter evaluation method.
- the control unit 32 may perform the filter evaluation method as the control unit 32 of the filter evaluation device 30 .
- the filter evaluation method may be implemented as a filter evaluation program executed by a processor that configures the control unit 32 .
- the filter evaluation program may be stored on non-transitory computer readable media.
- the control unit 32 operates the purification device 1 in filtration mode (step S1).
- the control unit 32 acquires the measurement results regarding microorganisms from the measurement unit 20 (step S2).
- the control unit 32 determines whether the measurement result satisfies the alarm condition of the filter 10 (step S3). If the measurement result does not satisfy the alarm condition (step S3: NO), the control unit 32 may return to the procedure of step S2 to obtain the measurement result. If the measurement result satisfies the alarm condition (step 3: YES), the controller 32 may output an alarm (step S4). After executing the procedure of step S4, the control unit 32 ends the execution of the procedure of the flowchart of FIG.
- the filter evaluation device 30 and the filter evaluation method according to the present embodiment the soundness of the filter 10 is evaluated based on the measurement result of microorganisms contained in the treated water. And the measurement of microorganisms is performed, while the purification apparatus 1 is operate
- the water quality and the removal performance of the filtration system for microorganisms in water are grasped from the viewpoint of managing the filtered water quality of the filtration system using the MF membrane and the UF membrane.
- the pathogenic risk of filtered water is grasped.
- the purification device 1 according to this embodiment may be configured to be able to perform PDT. By performing PDT in addition to the filter evaluation method according to the present embodiment, the soundness of the filter 10 can be more reliably ensured. As a result, even more robust water quality management can be achieved.
- the control unit 32 of the purification device 1 or the control unit 32 of the filter evaluation device 30 acquires the measurement result of the microorganisms contained in the sample from the measurement unit 20 .
- the measurement of microorganisms contained in the sample does not have to be performed by the measuring section 20 .
- determination of the microorganisms contained in the sample may be performed by microbial culture-based techniques or molecular biology techniques.
- the soundness evaluation of the filter 10 by the control unit 32 may be performed, for example, once a day or more. In other words, the measurement of microorganisms contained in the sample may be performed at a frequency of one or more times per day.
- the soundness evaluation of the filter 10 can be performed while operating in the filtration mode. Therefore, even if the evaluation is performed once a day or more, the operation rate of the purifier 1 is less likely to decrease.
Abstract
Description
比較例として、PDT(Pressure Decay Test)によってフィルタの健全性を評価する手法が説明される。
本開示の一実施形態に係る浄化装置1は、浄水場、下水処理場、水再生施設、又は海水淡水化施設等の水処理インフラで採用されてよい。水処理インフラに適用される、精密ろ過膜(Microfiltration:MF膜)、限外ろ過膜(Ultrafiltration:UF膜)、ナノろ過膜(Nanofiltration:NF膜)、逆浸透膜(Reverse Osmosis Membrane Filtration:RO膜)等の膜による処理の水質を担保する必要がある。水質を担保するため、水中微生物のうち毒性の高いクリプトスポリジウム及び他原虫の阻止性の観点から、膜処理の機能を把握する必要がある。
フィルタ10は、水をろ過する膜を含む。フィルタ10の膜は、有機膜素材又は無機膜素材等を含んで構成されてよい。有機膜素材は、例えば、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)、ポリエチレン(PE)、4フッ化エチレン(PTFE)、ポリプロピレン(PP)、酢酸セルロース(CA)、ポリアクリロニトリル(PAN)、ポリイミド(PI)、ポリスルホン(PS)、ポリエーテルスルホン(PES)等を含んでよい。無機膜素材は、例えば、酸化アルミニウム(アルミナ:Al2O3)、酸化ジルコニウム(ジルコニア:ZrO2)、酸化チタン(チタニア:TiO2)等を用いたセラミック膜を含んでよい。無機膜素材は、ステンレス(SUS)又はガラス(SPG)製の膜を含んでよい。
制御部32は、各構成部を制御する。また、制御部32は、浄化装置1の各構成部から情報を取得したり各構成部に情報を出力したりする。制御部32は、後述するように、フィルタ10の健全性を評価する。制御部32は、フィルタ評価装置30の一部とみなされ得る。フィルタ評価装置30は、浄化装置1に含まれてもよいし、浄化装置1と別体として構成されてもよい。制御部32は、例えばCPU(Central Processing Unit)等のプロセッサを含んで構成されてよい。制御部32は、プロセッサに所定のプログラムを実行させることによって所定の機能を実現してもよい。制御部32は、記憶部を備えてもよい。記憶部は、制御部32の動作に用いられる各種情報、又は、制御部32の機能を実現するためのプログラム等を格納してよい。記憶部は、制御部32のワークメモリとして機能してよい。記憶部は、例えば半導体メモリ等で構成されてよい。記憶部は、制御部32に含まれてもよいし、制御部32と別体として構成されてもよい。
浄化装置1は、ろ過モードにおいて、処理水の一部をサンプリングして、サンプルに含まれる微生物を測定する。具体的に、浄化装置1は、処理水が送り出される配管に接続されるバルブ21を更に備える。測定部20は、バルブ21を介して処理水の一部をサンプリングする。測定部20は、バルブ21の開閉を制御することによってサンプリングを制御してよい。測定部20は、採取したサンプルに含まれる微生物を検出し、検出した微生物の種類、又は、微生物の濃度若しくは量等を測定する。
測定部20は、例えば以下の手順で処理水の一部をサンプリングしてよい。
測定部20は、サンプルに含まれる微生物を検出する。測定部20は、微生物として、ウイルス、細菌又は原虫等を検出してよい。測定部20は、サンプルに含まれる微生物の大きさを測定してよい。測定部20は、例えば、サンプルに含まれる微生物の画像を取得し、微生物の大きさを測定してもよい。
制御部32は、測定部20から取得した、サンプルとして採取した処理水の一部に含まれる微生物に関する測定結果に基づいて、フィルタ10の健全性を評価する。フィルタ10の健全性は、フィルタ10のろ過性能を含む。フィルタ10の健全性は、フィルタ10の膜に破断等の損傷が生じることによって低下する。制御部32は、所定の種類の微生物がサンプルから検出された場合、フィルタ10の膜に損傷が生じたと判定してよい。制御部32は、所定の大きさよりも大きい微生物がサンプルから検出された場合、フィルタ10の膜に損傷が生じたと判定してよい。制御部32は、サンプルに含まれる微生物の量が所定量以上である場合に、フィルタ10の膜に損傷が生じたと判定してもよい。制御部32は、サンプルに含まれる微生物の濃度が所定濃度以上である場合に、フィルタ10の膜に損傷が生じたと判定してもよい。
本開示の一実施形態に係るフィルタ評価方法は、図5に例示されるフローチャートの手順として実行されてよい。浄化装置1の制御部32がフィルタ評価方法を実行してよい。また、制御部32は、フィルタ評価装置30の制御部32として、フィルタ評価方法を実行してよい。フィルタ評価方法は、制御部32を構成するプロセッサに実行させるフィルタ評価プログラムとして実現されてもよい。フィルタ評価プログラムは、非一時的なコンピュータ読み取り可能な媒体に格納されてよい。
以上述べてきたように、本実施形態に係るフィルタ評価装置30及びフィルタ評価方法によれば、処理水に含まれる微生物の測定結果に基づいて、フィルタ10の健全性が評価される。そして、微生物の測定は、浄化装置1がろ過モードで動作しながら実行される。このようにすることで、浄化装置1の稼働率が向上し得る。その結果、浄化装置1の利便性が向上する。
本実施形態に係る浄化装置1の制御部32又はフィルタ評価装置30の制御部32は、測定部20からサンプルに含まれる微生物の測定結果を取得する。サンプルに含まれる微生物の測定は、測定部20で実施されなくてもよい。例えば、サンプルに含まれる微生物の測定は、微生物の培養に基づく手法又は分子生物学的手法で実施されてもよい。
10 フィルタ(13、14:バルブ)
11、15 貯水タンク
12 ろ過ポンプ
20 測定部(21:バルブ)
30 フィルタ評価装置
32 制御部
51 逆洗ポンプ(52、53、55:バルブ、54:薬液、56:廃液タンク)
Claims (6)
- フィルタでろ過された処理水に含まれる微生物の測定結果に基づいて前記フィルタの健全性を評価し、評価結果に関する情報を出力する制御部を備えるフィルタ評価装置。
- 前記制御部は、前記フィルタのろ過性能に基づいて定められる所定値以上の粒径の微生物が前記処理水に含まれる場合、前記フィルタに関するアラームを出力する、請求項1に記載のフィルタ評価装置。
- 前記制御部は、前記処理水に含まれる微生物として特定の種類の微生物が検出された場合、前記フィルタに関するアラームを出力する、請求項1又は2に記載のフィルタ評価装置。
- 請求項1から3までのいずれか一項に記載のフィルタ評価装置と、前記フィルタと、前記フィルタでろ過された水に含まれる微生物を測定して測定結果を前記フィルタ評価装置に出力する測定部とを備える浄化装置。
- 互いに並列に接続される複数の前記フィルタと、
前記測定部が前記互いに並列に接続される各フィルタの二次側が合流する配管から前記複数のフィルタでろ過された処理水をまとめて採取可能に構成されるバルブと
を更に備える、請求項4に記載の浄化装置。 - フィルタでろ過された処理水に含まれる微生物の測定結果に基づいて前記フィルタの健全性を評価することと、
評価結果に関する情報を出力することと
を含むフィルタ評価方法。
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Citations (6)
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JPH08252440A (ja) * | 1995-03-16 | 1996-10-01 | Japan Organo Co Ltd | 膜破損検出方法及び装置 |
JP2000046721A (ja) * | 1998-07-31 | 2000-02-18 | Yokogawa Electric Corp | 水質管理装置 |
WO2008047926A1 (fr) * | 2006-10-19 | 2008-04-24 | Hirata Corporation | Dispositif de suivi de filtrat et système de suivi de filtrat |
JP2009000673A (ja) * | 2007-05-24 | 2009-01-08 | Metawater Co Ltd | 浄水プロセスの監視装置及び監視方法 |
JP2010054335A (ja) * | 2008-08-28 | 2010-03-11 | Metawater Co Ltd | 微生物計測方法 |
JP2015134327A (ja) * | 2014-01-17 | 2015-07-27 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 分離膜面評価方法、水処理システムの制御方法、および水処理システム |
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- 2022-02-15 WO PCT/JP2022/005995 patent/WO2022201978A1/ja active Application Filing
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Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH08252440A (ja) * | 1995-03-16 | 1996-10-01 | Japan Organo Co Ltd | 膜破損検出方法及び装置 |
JP2000046721A (ja) * | 1998-07-31 | 2000-02-18 | Yokogawa Electric Corp | 水質管理装置 |
WO2008047926A1 (fr) * | 2006-10-19 | 2008-04-24 | Hirata Corporation | Dispositif de suivi de filtrat et système de suivi de filtrat |
JP2009000673A (ja) * | 2007-05-24 | 2009-01-08 | Metawater Co Ltd | 浄水プロセスの監視装置及び監視方法 |
JP2010054335A (ja) * | 2008-08-28 | 2010-03-11 | Metawater Co Ltd | 微生物計測方法 |
JP2015134327A (ja) * | 2014-01-17 | 2015-07-27 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 分離膜面評価方法、水処理システムの制御方法、および水処理システム |
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