WO2017131106A1 - 低密度ゲル体および低密度ゲル体の製造方法 - Google Patents
低密度ゲル体および低密度ゲル体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017131106A1 WO2017131106A1 PCT/JP2017/002786 JP2017002786W WO2017131106A1 WO 2017131106 A1 WO2017131106 A1 WO 2017131106A1 JP 2017002786 W JP2017002786 W JP 2017002786W WO 2017131106 A1 WO2017131106 A1 WO 2017131106A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
- C08J7/043—Improving the adhesiveness of the coatings per se, e.g. forming primers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/0091—Preparation of aerogels, e.g. xerogels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/16—Preparation of silica xerogels
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
- C08J7/0427—Coating with only one layer of a composition containing a polymer binder
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D4/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond ; Coating compositions, based on monomers of macromolecular compounds of groups C09D183/00 - C09D183/16
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
- B32B2266/12—Gel
- B32B2266/126—Aerogel, i.e. a supercritically dried gel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2205/00—Foams characterised by their properties
- C08J2205/02—Foams characterised by their properties the finished foam itself being a gel or a gel being temporarily formed when processing the foamable composition
- C08J2205/026—Aerogel, i.e. a supercritically dried gel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2383/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Derivatives of such polymers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a low-density gel body including aerogel and xerogel, and a production method thereof.
- Low-density gel bodies including aerogels and xerogels are high in porosity, and as indicated by their names, are low-density solid gel bodies.
- the high porosity is based on the fact that the gel skeleton and fine pores having a pore diameter of approximately 1000 nm or less, preferably 100 nm or less, form a three-dimensional network structure.
- the low density gel body exhibits characteristic properties based on such a network structure, such as transparency, small specific gravity, high specific surface area, and extremely low thermal conductivity. Due to these characteristics, the low-density gel body is expected to be used as a translucent heat insulating material, a sound insulating material, and a carrier, for example.
- low-density gel bodies include silica aerogels and silica xerogels whose skeletons are composed of silica (SiO 2 ), and organic polysiloxanes such as silsesquioxane (RSiO 1.5 ) structures.
- Airgel and xerogel which are organic-inorganic hybrid gels. These low density gels can be formed by, for example, a sol-gel method.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 describe an organic-inorganic hybrid aerogel using a sol-gel method and a manufacturing method thereof, and Non-Patent Document 1 discloses an organic-inorganic hybrid aerogel and a xerogel using a sol-gel method and a manufacturing method thereof. , Respectively.
- the low-density gel body exhibits the above-mentioned characteristic characteristics because of its structure, while it is brittle and has insufficient mechanical strength because of its structure.
- the low-density gel body which is a monolith body such as a sheet, as a transparent heat insulating material and / or a sound insulating material, mechanical strength The reality is that is lacking.
- One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a low-density gel body with improved mechanical strength and a method for producing the same.
- the low-density gel body of the present disclosure has a coating layer composed of a polymer of a gas phase polymerizable monomer on the surface.
- a method for producing a low-density gel body according to the present disclosure includes a coating composed of a polymer of the monomer by advancing gas-phase polymerization of a gas-phase polymerizable monomer in a system containing a precursor low-density gel body.
- a layer is formed on the surface of the precursor to obtain a low-density gel body having the coating layer on the surface.
- a low-density gel body with improved mechanical strength can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating an example of the low-density gel body of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 shows a low-density gel body having no coating layer produced in Production Example 1 evaluated on the surface and a coating layer produced in Example 1 (thickness 0.50 ⁇ m; thickness d2 is 1). .0 ⁇ m) is a diagram showing the results of a three-point bending test on a low-density gel body having a surface thereof.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating an example of the low-density gel body of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 shows a low-density gel body having no coating layer produced in Production Example 1 evaluated on the surface and a coating layer produced in Example 1 (thickness 0.50 ⁇ m; thickness d2 is 1). .0 ⁇ m) is a diagram showing the results of a three-point bending test on a low-density gel body having a surface thereof.
- FIG. 3 shows a low-density gel body that does not have the coating layer produced in Production Example 1 and the coating layer produced in Example 1 (thickness 1.0 ⁇ m or 2.0 ⁇ m; thickness; evaluated in Example) It is a figure which shows the result of the 3 point
- FIG. 4 shows a low-density gel body having no coating layer produced in Production Example 2 and a coating layer produced in Example 2 (thickness 1.0 ⁇ m or 2.0 ⁇ m; thickness; evaluated in Example) It is a figure which shows the result of the 3 point
- the first aspect of the present disclosure provides a low-density gel body having a coating layer formed on the surface of a polymer of a gas phase polymerizable monomer.
- the monomer is at least one selected from olefins, styrene, styrene derivatives, (meth) acrylic acid, (meth) acrylic acid esters, paraxylylene, and paraxylylene derivatives.
- a low density gel body is provided.
- the third aspect of the present disclosure provides, in addition to the first aspect, a low-density gel body in which the monomer is at least one selected from paraxylylene and a paraxylylene derivative.
- the fourth aspect of the present disclosure provides a low-density gel body in which the coating layer has a thickness of 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m in addition to any of the first to third aspects.
- the fifth aspect of the present disclosure provides a low-density gel body that is a monolith body in addition to any one of the first to fourth aspects.
- a ratio d2 / d1 of the thickness d2 ( ⁇ m) of the coating layer to the thickness d1 ( ⁇ m) of the low-density gel body Provides a low-density gel body having 0.001 to 1%.
- the seventh aspect of the present disclosure provides a low-density gel body that is an airgel or a xerogel in addition to any one of the first to sixth aspects.
- the eighth aspect of the present disclosure provides a low-density gel body that is an organic-inorganic hybrid gel in addition to any of the first to seventh aspects.
- a coating layer composed of a polymer of the monomer is formed by advancing gas phase polymerization of a gas phase polymerizable monomer in a system containing a low-density gel that is a precursor.
- a method for producing a low-density gel body which is formed on a surface of a precursor to obtain a low-density gel body having the coating layer on the surface.
- the monomer is at least one selected from olefins, styrene, styrene derivatives, (meth) acrylic acid, (meth) acrylic acid esters, paraxylylene, and paraxylylene derivatives.
- a method for producing a low-density gel body is provided.
- the eleventh aspect of the present disclosure provides the method for producing a low-density gel body in addition to the ninth aspect, wherein the monomer is at least one selected from paraxylylene and a paraxylylene derivative.
- the precursor is a monolith body, and the low density gel body having the coating layer on the surface thereof is obtained.
- a method for producing a density gel body is provided.
- a thirteenth aspect of the present disclosure provides, in addition to any of the ninth to twelfth aspects, a method for producing a low-density gel body in which the precursor and the obtained low-density gel body are an airgel or a xerogel. .
- a fourteenth aspect of the present disclosure includes, in addition to any of the ninth to thirteenth aspects, a method for producing a low density gel body in which the precursor and the obtained low density gel body are organic-inorganic hybrid gels. provide.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of the low-density gel body of the present disclosure.
- the low density gel body 1 shown in FIG. 1 has a coating layer 3 on the surface. More specifically, it has a gel main body 2 that is a low-density gel body and a coating layer 3 formed on the surface of the gel main body 2.
- the coating layer 3 is composed of a polymer of a gas phase polymerizable monomer.
- the mechanical strength is improved by the presence of the coating layer 3 composed of the polymer on the surface.
- the mechanical strength can be expressed by, for example, bending strength, strength against shear deformation, or compressive strength.
- the bending strength can be evaluated by, for example, a three-point bending test based on JIS K7171.
- the bending strength of the low density gel body 1 is larger than the bending strength exhibited by the conventional low density gel body, for example, 0.05 MPa or more, and the low density gel body 1 (gel body portion 2) Compared to low-density gel bodies whose skeleton is composed of silica (SiO 2 ), for example, organic-inorganic hybrid low-density gel bodies composed of organic polysiloxanes such as silsesquioxane (RSiO 1.5 ) structures Depending on the structure of the coating layer 3, for example, the type (composition) of the polymer constituting the coating layer 3 or the thickness of the coating layer, 0.1 MPa or more, 1 MPa or more, The brittleness of 2 MPa or more can be significantly reduced and the mechanical strength can be improved.
- R in the silsesquioxane structure is a hydrogen atom, alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl, and may be alkyl.
- Organic-inorganic hybrid typically includes an inorganic part (—Si—O—) and an organic part (RO—), as shown in the structural formula of silsesquioxane. It means being complexed at the molecular level. In the organic-inorganic hybrid gel, the organic part improves the brittleness characteristic of the inorganic part, and further functions of the organic part can be obtained.
- the bending strength of the low density gel body 1 also varies depending on its shape and thickness.
- the bending strength at a thickness of 1 ⁇ m is set to 0.1 MPa or more, for example, the type and coding of the low density gel body 1 (gel body portion 2)
- high mechanical strength of 1 MPa or more, further 2 MPa or more is exhibited.
- the former bending strength of the low-density gel body 1 is compared with the mechanical strength of a conventional low-density gel body having the same shape and the same thickness without the coating layer 3, the former bending strength is the same as that of the latter. Compared to the strength, for example, it is 2 times or more. Depending on the configuration of the coating layer 3, it can be 10 times or more, and further 20 times or more. This is because the bending strength of the low-density gel body 1 is, for example, 2 times or more compared to the bending strength exhibited by the gel body 2 itself. Depending on the configuration of the coating layer 3, it is 10 times or more, and further 20 times or more. In other words, can be achieved.
- the breaking strain can be used as an index.
- the breaking strain can be evaluated by, for example, the above-described three-point bending test.
- Low-density gel bodies such as airgel and xerogel are brittle and have low toughness and ductility due to their structures.
- the breaking strain of the low-density gel body 1 is larger than the breaking strain exhibited by the conventional low-density gel body depending on the configuration of the coating layer 3, and can be, for example, 8% or more.
- the brittleness of 10% or more, 20% or more, and further 30% or more can be greatly reduced and the mechanical strength can be improved.
- a low-density gel body with improved brittleness there is a gel body mixed with a strength improving material such as a fiber (for example, see JP-A-5-49910).
- a strength improving material such as a fiber
- the characteristic properties are not necessarily affected by the structure that is unique to the low density gel body due to the mixed strength improving material. Cannot be obtained sufficiently, and the characteristics themselves may be lost. More specific examples include reduced transparency and / or porosity due to reduced homogeneity of the low density gel structure, increased thermal conductivity and / or density (ie increased weight) To do.
- the coating layer 3 is disposed on the surface of the gel body portion 2, and the gel body portion 2 holds a structure unique to the low density gel body.
- the structure peculiar to the low density gel body is not basically lost, and the above characteristic characteristics can be obtained.
- the low-density gel body 1 and the gel main body 2 in which the strength improving material is mixed may be used.
- low-density gel body is a low-density gel body containing nanofibers such as carbon nanofibers and alumina nanofibers (for example, Gen Hayase et al., "Ultralow-Density, Transparent, Superamphiphobic Boehmite). Nanofiber Aerogels and Their Alumina Derivatives ", Chem. Mater., (27 (1), pp.3-5 (2015)), this low-density gel body is disclosed in JP-A-5-49910. It differs from a gel body in which such a strength improving material is mixed, more specifically, a gel body in which the strength improving material is mixed regardless of the skeleton and pores.
- such a low-density gel body may be the gel body portion 2 of the low-density gel body 1.
- the low-density gel body 1 can be, for example, a monolith body such as a sheet, a rectangular parallelepiped, and a disk, and its size can be increased.
- the gel main body 2 is not limited as long as it is a low density gel body, and may be a known low density gel body.
- pores having a fine pore diameter of about 1000 nm or less, preferably 100 nm or less, more preferably 50 nm or less, and a gel skeleton form a three-dimensional network structure.
- the pore diameter can be determined by, for example, pore distribution measurement by a nitrogen gas adsorption method.
- the average pore diameter of the pores of the low density gel (the pore diameter corresponding to D 50 in the pore diameter distribution determined by pore distribution measurement) is, for example, 10 to 1000 nm.
- the gel body 2 and the low-density gel body 1 are typically aerogels or xerogels.
- the gel main body 2 is an airgel or xerogel
- the low-density gel body 1 is an airgel or xerogel having a coating layer 3 on the surface.
- skeleton of the gel main-body part 2 and the low density gel body 1 is not limited, It can be the material which comprises the frame
- Materials constituting the skeleton are, for example, silica (SiO 2 ), organic polymers, carbon, metal oxides such as alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) and titania (TiO 2 ), or organic polysiloxanes such as silsesquioxane (RSiO).
- Structure (as a material, polysilsesquioxane).
- R in the silsesquioxane structure is a hydrogen atom, alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, and may be alkyl.
- R which is alkyl is, for example, a methyl group or an ethyl group, and may be a methyl group.
- R which is alkenyl is, for example, a vinyl group.
- a gel body having a skeleton composed of an organic polysiloxane is generally called an organic-inorganic hybrid gel. That is, the gel main body 2 and the low density gel body 1 may be an organic-inorganic hybrid gel. When the gel body 2 is an organic-inorganic hybrid gel, the low-density gel body 1 is an organic-inorganic hybrid gel having a coating layer 3 on the surface.
- Organic-inorganic hybrid gels are disclosed in, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2 and Non-Patent Document 1. In the methods disclosed in these documents, an organic-inorganic hybrid gel having an arbitrary shape including a mono
- the coating layer 3 is composed of a polymer of a gas phase polymerizable monomer.
- the gas phase polymerizable monomer is a monomer having gas phase polymerizability (polymerizability in a gas state).
- the gas phase polymerizable monomer can be gas phase polymerized.
- the gas phase polymerizable monomer is not limited, the polymer (homopolymer of the monomer) is glass at room temperature (20 ° C.), that is, the monomer having a glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer exceeding room temperature is low. It is preferable from the viewpoint of further improving the mechanical strength of the density gel body 1.
- the coating layer 3 is a glassy polymer layer.
- the gas phase polymerizable monomer is preferably a monomer having a polymer Tg of 50 ° C. or higher, more preferably a monomer having a Tg of 100 ° C. or higher.
- the polymer constituting the coating layer 3 can be a homopolymer of one type of gas phase polymerizable monomer, or can be a copolymer of two or more types of gas phase polymerizable monomers. As long as gas phase polymerization is possible, the polymer constituting the coating layer 3 is a copolymer of a gas phase polymerizable monomer and another substance, for example, a copolymer of a gas phase polymerizable monomer and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). May be. In this specification, such a copolymer is also a polymer of a gas phase polymerizable monomer.
- the Tg of the polymer and the coating layer 3 is preferably higher than room temperature, more preferably 50 ° C. or more, and still more preferably. Is 100 ° C. or higher.
- the gas phase polymerizable monomer is, for example, at least one selected from olefins, styrene, styrene derivatives, (meth) acrylic acid, (meth) acrylic acid esters, paraxylylene, and paraxylylene derivatives. Since the Tg of the polymer is high and the mechanical strength of the low density gel 1 can be further improved, the gas phase polymerizable monomer is preferably at least one selected from paraxylylene and paraxylylene derivatives.
- the olefin is at least one selected from, for example, ethylene and propylene.
- Paraxylylene is a monomer represented by the following formula (1).
- the paraxylylene derivative is, for example, a monomer represented by the following formula (2) or (3).
- X in the formula (2) is a substituent of a hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom constituting the skeleton of the aromatic ring.
- the substituent X is at least one selected from a halogen atom, an amino group, an alkylamino group, a carboxyl group, and an aldehyde group, and may be a halogen atom.
- the halogen atom is at least one selected from a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom, and may be a chlorine atom.
- Y 1 and Y 2 in formula (2) is H 2, HF or F 2 independently of one another, may be both Shi may be H 2 or F 2 H 2.
- Y 3 and Y 4 in the formula (3) are independently HF or F 2 .
- a polymer film of paraxylylene and a paraxylylene derivative is sometimes used as an insulating film for electronic parts, semiconductor elements, sensors, etc., paying attention to its low dielectric constant.
- the electronic component itself forming the polymer film has high strength, and the strength of these components is not improved by the polymer film.
- the degree of freedom of the shape of the component itself is not improved by the formation of the polymer film.
- the coating layer 3 in the low-density gel body 1 is a completely different layer from the conventional polymerized film.
- the coating layer 3 is a completely different layer from the conventional polymerized film. This is because the bending strength is improved while the gel body 2 and the coating layer 3 are deformed as an integral material.
- the styrene derivative is at least one selected from, for example, methylstyrene and chlorostyrene.
- (Meth) acrylic acid ester is at least one selected from, for example, methyl (meth) acrylic acid, hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylic acid, butyl (meth) acrylic acid, and (meth) acryl-modified silicone. From the viewpoint of high adhesiveness with the organic polysiloxane, (meth) acryl-modified silicone is preferable.
- the coating layer 3 is composed of a polymer of a gas phase polymerizable monomer, it can be made very thin.
- the thickness of the coating layer 3 is, for example, 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m. From the viewpoint of the balance between improving the mechanical strength of the low-density gel body 1 and obtaining the characteristics derived from the gel main body 2, for example, low density From the viewpoint of maintaining as much as possible the characteristics of the gel body 2 that is a low-density gel body, even in the state of the low-density gel body 1 including the coating layer 3, while improving the mechanical strength of the gel body 1. Is preferably from 5 to 5 ⁇ m, more preferably from 0.2 to 5 ⁇ m. Moreover, although it is very thin, it can be set as the coating layer 3 from which peeling from the gel main-body part 2 was suppressed.
- the low-density gel body 1 can improve its mechanical strength even when the thickness of the coating layer 3 is small relative to the thickness of the gel body 2.
- the ratio d2 / d1 of the thickness d2 of the coating layer 3 to the thickness d1 ( ⁇ m) of the low-density gel body 1 is, for example, 0.001 to 1%. 0.001 to 0.5% is preferable, and 0.002 to 0.5% is more preferable.
- even such a thin coating layer 3 can have the bending strength as described above, for example.
- the low density gel body 1 is typically a sheet, a rectangular parallelepiped or a disk.
- the thickness d2 at the ratio d2 / d1 is the sum of the thicknesses of both the coating layers 3 .
- the low density gel body 1 has other shapes, for example, assuming a straight line that passes through the center of gravity of the gel body 1 and the distance through the gel body 1 itself is minimized, the minimum distance is reduced.
- the thickness d1 of the density gel body 1 can be set. And the sum total of the thickness of the coating layer 3 which the said straight line passes can be made into the thickness d2 of the coating layer 3 in ratio d2 / d1.
- the coating layer 3 is composed of a polymer of a gas phase polymerizable monomer, it can be a layer having a very high homogeneity, for example, a layer in which the generation of defects as a coating layer is suppressed. . For the same reason, it is possible to form a layer with high uniformity of thickness. These advantages can be obtained even when the shape of the gel body 2 (for example, the shape of the surface) is complicated, or when the size of the gel body 2 is large. Such a point also contributes to the achievement of the low-density gel body 1 having improved mechanical strength while the coating layer 3 is thin, and to increasing the degree of freedom of the shape of the low-density gel body 1. . Moreover, since it is such a coating layer 3, it can suppress the generation
- the coating layer 3 may have a function of preventing substances from entering the gel body 2 from the outside of the low density gel body 1.
- the coating layer 3 is formed on, for example, all or part of the surface of the gel main body 2, and as a specific example, one or both of the gel main body 2 which is a sheet, a rectangular parallelepiped or a disk.
- the main surface may be formed.
- An example of an external material is water vapor. When water vapor enters the inside of the low-density gel body, the properties of the gel body deteriorate, for example, the thermal conductivity increases.
- the coating layer 3 has a coating layer 3 on the entire surface thereof (the entire surface of the gel body 2).
- the coating layer 3 it is only necessary to have the coating layer 3 on at least a part of the surface (at least a part of the surface of the gel main body 2).
- An example of a specific arrangement of the coating layer 3 is an arrangement on the whole or a part of one or both main surfaces of the low-density gel body 1 (gel body portion 2) which is a sheet, a rectangular parallelepiped or a disk.
- the low-density gel body of the present disclosure may be in a state where the coating layer 3 is formed only on the surface of the gel main body 2.
- the low-density gel body of the present disclosure may be in a state in which the coating layer 3 is not formed inside the gel body 2 (the coating layer 3 is not inside the gel body 2). For this reason, the uniformity of the structure of the low density gel body of this indication can be made high, and the characteristic based on the said structure can be acquired more reliably.
- the shape of the low-density gel body of the present disclosure is not limited.
- the low-density gel body 1 can take a shape that the gel body 2 can take. For this reason, coupled with the improvement in mechanical strength, the low-density gel body of the present disclosure is expected to be used for various applications beyond the applications of conventional low-density gel bodies.
- the shape of the low-density gel body of the present disclosure may be a particle, but it may be not only a particle but also a sheet as shown in FIG. 1 or a bulk (a block) such as a rectangular parallelepiped or a disk. That is, the low density gel bodies of the present disclosure can be monolith bodies such as sheets and bulk.
- the low-density gel body 1 that is a monolith body is easier to handle than the conventional particulate low-density gel body, coupled with its improved mechanical strength.
- the low density gel body has high characteristics and / or uniformity of characteristics, such as high transparency and low thermal conductivity. It can be set as a density gel body. Moreover, it can also be set as a monolith body with a large size.
- Such a low-density gel body 1 is suitable for use in various applications, for example, a heat insulating material and / or a sound insulating material.
- the low-density gel body 1 which is a sheet, a rectangular parallelepiped or a disk between a pair of glass plates, it is expected to constitute a multilayer heat insulating glass unit having high transparency and low thermal conductivity.
- the high degree of freedom of the shape of the low-density gel body of the present disclosure is also based on the fact that the coating layer 3 is composed of a polymer of a gas phase polymerizable monomer, that is, can be formed by gas phase polymerization.
- the coating layer 3 is composed of a polymer of a gas phase polymerizable monomer, that is, can be formed by gas phase polymerization.
- the coating layer 3 can be formed with high uniformity and / or a large area, and in the gas phase polymerization, the coating layer 3 can be formed with the destruction of the pore structure of the gel main body 2 suppressed. Further, in the coating layer 3, there is no situation that it is difficult to spread and apply the gel body surface, for example, when an aqueous emulsion such as a vinyl acetate polymer emulsion is applied.
- the low-density gel body of the present disclosure can have high transparency.
- the total light transmittance measured in accordance with JIS K7361 may be 70% or more, and depending on the configuration of the gel body 2 and the coating layer 3 80% or more, 85% or more, and further 90% or more. Note that the transparency of the gel body 2 is the same, that is, in the low-density gel body 1, it can be said that the high transparency of the gel body 2 can be maintained.
- the low density gel body of the present disclosure may have a high porosity.
- the low density gel body 1 may have a porosity of 70 to 90%, for example.
- the porosity of the low-density gel can be evaluated by a nitrogen adsorption method or a pycnometry method.
- the porosity of the gel body 2 is the same, that is, it can be said that the low-density gel body 1 can maintain the high porosity of the gel body 2.
- the low density gel body of the present disclosure may have a low density (specific gravity).
- the low-density gel body 1 can have a density of 0.5 g / cm 3 or less, for example, and depending on the configuration of the gel main body 2 and the coating layer 3, 0.2 g / cm 3 or less, 0.15 g / cm 3 Hereinafter, it may have a density of 0.1 g / cm 3 or less.
- the density of the gel body 2 is the same, that is, it can be said that the low density gel body 1 can maintain the low density of the gel body 2.
- the low density gel body of the present disclosure may have a low thermal conductivity.
- Low density gel body 1 may, for example, may have a 20mWm -1 K -1 or less of thermal conductivity, the structure of the gel body portion 2 and the coating layer 3, 15mWm -1 K -1 or less, more 12MWm - It may have a thermal conductivity of 1 K ⁇ 1 or less.
- the thermal conductivity of the low-density gel body can be evaluated in accordance with the provisions of JIS A1412 (steady method).
- the thermal conductivity of the gel body 2 is the same, that is, it can be said that the low-density gel body 1 can maintain the low thermal conductivity of the gel body 2.
- the low-density gel body of the present disclosure can have members other than the gel main body 2 and the coating layer 3 if necessary.
- the low-density gel body of the present disclosure may consist only of the gel main body 2 and the coating layer 3.
- the other member is disposed between the gel body 2 and the coating layer 3 when, for example, the bondability between the material constituting the gel body 2 and the material constituting the coating layer 3 is low.
- These are a coupling agent layer and a primer (for example, a silicone primer) layer that improve the bondability between both members.
- the coupling agent layer and the primer layer are formed on the surface of the gel main body 2 on which the coating layer 3 is formed before the coating layer 3 is formed by gas phase polymerization. Can be placed.
- the use of the low density gel body of the present disclosure is not limited, and can be used for the same use as the conventional low density gel body. Moreover, the low density gel body of this indication has the high mechanical strength, and the freedom degree of the shape which can be taken is also high. For this reason, the low-density gel body of the present disclosure is more reliable for applications where the conventional low-density gel body is difficult to apply, or even if it can be applied, the above characteristic characteristics must be reduced. It can be applied while keeping Such an application is, for example, a light-transmitting heat insulating material, particularly a light-transmitting heat insulating material sheet having a large area, which is used for a heat insulating window structure such as a house or a transportation.
- the low-density gel body of the present disclosure can be produced, for example, by the following method for producing a low-density gel body of the present disclosure.
- gas phase polymerization of a gas phase polymerizable monomer proceeds in a system containing a low-density gel (hereinafter simply referred to as “precursor”) as a precursor. And by this gas phase polymerization, the coating layer 3 comprised from the polymer of the said monomer is formed in the surface of a precursor, and the low density gel body 1 which has the coating layer 3 on the surface is obtained. Through the process of forming the coating layer 3 by this gas phase polymerization, the precursor becomes the gel body 2.
- precursor a low-density gel
- the precursor is a low-density gel body
- its shape, material constituting the skeleton, characteristics, and the like are not limited. What is necessary is just the same as the gel main-body part 2 mentioned above in description of the low density gel body of this indication.
- the precursor may be, for example, an airgel or xerogel, or may be an organic-inorganic hybrid gel.
- the precursor is an airgel or xerogel
- the low-density gel obtained by the production method of the present disclosure is also an airgel or xerogel.
- the precursor is an organic-inorganic hybrid gel
- the low-density gel obtained by the production method of the present disclosure is also an organic-inorganic hybrid gel.
- the coating layer 3 can be formed without changing the shape of the precursor.
- the formation of the coating layer 3 does not require the pulverization of the low-density gel that is the precursor.
- the precursor may be a monolith body, and in this case, the low density gel body obtained by the production method of the present disclosure may be the low density gel body 1 which is a monolith body having the coating layer 3 on the surface. Further, its shape can be the same as the precursor.
- the formation method of the precursor is not limited, and can be formed according to a known method for producing a low-density gel body, for example, a known method for producing an airgel and / or a xerogel.
- a known method for producing a low-density gel body for example, a known method for producing an airgel and / or a xerogel.
- the degree of freedom of shape is high, for example, a precursor that is a particle, or a monolith body such as a sheet or a rectangular parallelepiped, or a bulk such as a disk.
- a precursor can be formed.
- a method for forming a coating layer 3 composed of a polymer of the gas phase polymerizable monomer on the surface of the precursor is not limited, and a method including a conventional gas phase polymerization method can be adopted.
- a gas phase polymerizable monomer in a gaseous state is introduced into a film forming chamber containing the precursor, and polymerization of the gas phase polymerizable monomer proceeds in the chamber.
- the film formation chamber may have a mechanism for maintaining the atmosphere in the chamber in an atmosphere suitable for gas phase polymerization, such as a temperature control mechanism, a pressure control mechanism, and a concentration control mechanism for the gas phase polymerizable monomer in the chamber.
- Another substance is the carbon dioxide mentioned above, for example.
- the gas phase polymerizable monomer is the same as the gas phase polymerizable monomer described above in the description of the low density gel body of the present disclosure.
- the method for introducing the gas phase polymerizable monomer into the system containing the precursor is not limited as long as the monomer is in a gaseous state during the gas phase polymerization.
- a monomer in a gas state is supplied to a system (for example, a film forming chamber), a liquid or solid monomer is supplied to the system, and the monomer is vaporized in the supply path and / or the system. It is good.
- a monomer precursor for example, a dimer or oligomer of the monomer is supplied to the system for reasons such as better handling, and the supply route and / or These may be converted into gaseous monomers in the system, and gas phase polymerization may proceed.
- the gas-phase polymerizable monomer is paraxylylene and a paraxylylene derivative
- the dimer that is solid at room temperature is excellent in handleability, so the dimer is supplied to the system, and the dimer is converted into a gaseous monomer in the supply route.
- a method of thermal decomposition can be employed.
- dimers of paraxylylene and paraxylylene derivatives are brought into an equilibrium state between the gaseous monomer and the biradical by thermal decomposition.
- the biradical is stable in the gas phase, and the gas phase polymerization proceeds as it is.
- a polymerization catalyst In the gas phase polymerization, a polymerization catalyst, a chain transfer agent, a stable radical, and the like may be added to the system as necessary.
- the conditions for the gas phase polymerization can be selected according to the type of the gas phase polymerizable monomer and the formation efficiency of the coating layer 3.
- the temperature of the gas phase polymerization is preferably about 150 ° C. or less because the formation efficiency of the coating layer 3 is increased.
- the coating layer 3 since the coating layer 3 is formed by gas phase polymerization, the coating layer 3 having high homogeneity and / or thickness uniformity can be formed. Further, when the surface area on which the coating layer 3 is formed is large, for example, when the size of the precursor is large, the coating layer 3 having high homogeneity and / or thickness uniformity can be formed. Further, when the shape of the surface on which the coating layer 3 is formed is complicated, for example, when the shape of the precursor is complicated, the coating layer 3 having high homogeneity and / or thickness uniformity can be formed.
- the coating layer 3 is formed by gas phase polymerization on a precursor having a three-dimensional network structure of very fine pores and skeletons, the coating layer is formed only on the surface of the precursor. 3 can be formed. This means that, in the manufacturing method of the present disclosure, destruction of the pore structure of the precursor when forming the coating layer 3 can be suppressed.
- the coating layer 3 may be formed only on a part of the surface of the precursor by proceeding with gas phase polymerization in a state where part of the surface of the precursor is masked. In this way, the low density gel body 1 having the coating layer 3 only on a part of the surface can be formed.
- the part of the surface is a part or all of the main surface of one or both of the precursors, for example, a sheet, a rectangular parallelepiped, or a disk.
- the production method of the present disclosure can have optional steps other than those described above as long as a low-density gel body having a coating layer composed of a polymer of a gas phase polymerizable monomer on the surface is obtained.
- Production Example 1 Preparation of precursor
- a monolith of xerogel which is an organic-inorganic hybrid gel, was prepared as a precursor.
- urea is further added as a hydrolyzable compound. 3.0 g (manufactured by Hayashi Pure Chemical Industries, 21000095) was added and dissolved.
- MTMS methyltrimethoxysilane
- LS-530 methyltrimethoxysilane
- the solvent substitution was performed 5 times, and each time, the solvent substitution was performed with fresh methanol at 60 ° C. for 24 hours.
- the gel was further solvent-substituted with a low surface tension solvent (n-hexane, Hayashi Junyaku Kogyo Co., Ltd., 08000389), and then the solvent was removed by drying to obtain a PMSQ structure (R) which is a kind of silsesquioxane structure (R Xerogel monolith (size: width 10 mm ⁇ length 30 mm ⁇ thickness 4.7 mm and width 20 mm ⁇ length 30 mm ⁇ thickness 4.0 mm) which is a rectangular parallelepiped having a skeleton constituted by CH 3 ) was obtained.
- the solvent evaporation rate per 1 cm 3 of the gel is controlled to 0.2 g / (hour ⁇ cm 3 ) immediately after the start of drying until 4 hours after the start of the drying.
- the solvent evaporation rate was decreased. Drying was terminated when the weight of the gel became constant.
- Production Example 2 Preparation of precursor
- a silica airgel monolith body was prepared as a precursor.
- TMOS tetramethoxysilane
- Example 1 In Example 1, a coating layer 3 composed of poly (monochloro) paraxylylene is formed on the surface of the xerogel monolith produced in Production Example 1 by gas phase polymerization, and a rectangular parallelepiped low-density gel monolith having the coating layer on the surface.
- the low density gel monolith was prepared as follows.
- the xerogel produced in Production Example 1 was housed in a film formation chamber, and the chamber was sealed and decompressed.
- gaseous monochloroparaxylylene monomer was introduced into the chamber while maintaining the pressure in the chamber at about 50 mTorr (about 6.7 Pa) and the temperature at room temperature.
- the monochloroparaxylylene monomer is shown in the following formula (4).
- the introduction of the monochloroparaxylylene monomer into the chamber is performed by supplying a monochloroparaxylylene dimer that is solid at room temperature to a vaporization furnace (furnace temperature 180 ° C.) provided separately from the film formation chamber. After the gas is formed in the furnace, the dimer gas is further supplied to a decomposition furnace (furnace temperature 650 to 700 ° C.) for thermal decomposition, and gaseous monomer generated by the thermal decomposition is supplied to the film forming chamber. I went there. The monomer supplied to the film forming chamber is in an equilibrium relationship with a state where a radical is generated in the CH 2 group bonded to the aromatic ring of the monomer (biradical body). proceed.
- a coating layer was formed on the entire surface of the monolith body, and a xerogel monolith having a coating layer composed of poly (monochloro) paraxylylene on the surface was obtained.
- the shape and size of the obtained low density gel monolith were the same as the monolith before forming the coating layer, that is, the rectangular monolith produced in Production Example 1.
- the thickness of the coating layer was set to 0.50 ⁇ m, 1.0 ⁇ m, and 2.0 ⁇ m by changing the time of gas phase polymerization.
- the thicknesses d2 are 1.0 ⁇ m, 2.0 ⁇ m, and 4.0 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the monolith having a width of 20 mm produced in Production Example 1 was used, and the thicknesses of the coating layers were 1.0 ⁇ m and 2.0 ⁇ m.
- the monolith having a width of 10 mm produced in Production Example 1 was used.
- a three-point bending test was performed on the xerogel monolith having the coating layer produced in Example 1 and the xerogel monolith produced in Production Example 1 and not having the coating layer.
- the distance between the fulcrums was 40 mm, and the speed of the crosshead pressed in the thickness direction of the monolith in the vicinity of the midpoint between the fulcrums during the test was 0.25 mm / min.
- the distance between fulcrums was 20 mm
- the speed of the crosshead was 0.25 mm / min.
- n 5 to 10 tests were performed on each monolith, and the average values were defined as the Young's modulus, bending strength, and fracture strain of each monolith. The results of the three-point bending test are shown in FIGS.
- the Young's modulus was improved from 0.72 MPa to 1.4 MPa, and the bending strength was improved from 0.030 MPa to 0.065 MPa. .
- the breaking strain increased.
- the Young's modulus is improved from 0.57 MPa to 1.0 MPa, the bending strength is improved from 0.050 MPa to 0.11 MPa, and the breaking strain is increased from 10% to 12%. And increased.
- the Young's modulus was improved from 0.57 MPa to 1.2 MPa, and the bending strength was improved from 0.050 MPa to 0.16 MPa.
- the fracture strain could not be clearly discriminated because the monolith began to yield.
- the ratio d2 / d1 of the total thickness d2 of the coating layer to the thickness d1 of the low density gel body is only 0.025% of the coating layer (a coating layer composed of a polymer of a gas phase polymerizable monomer). ) was confirmed to greatly improve the mechanical strength of the low-density gel body.
- Example 1 when the cross section of the xerogel monolith produced in Example 1 was confirmed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), the coating layer was formed only on the surface of the precursor monolith, and was not formed therein.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- Example 2 In Example 2, a coating layer 3 composed of poly (monochloro) paraxylylene is formed on the surface of the airgel monolith produced in Production Example 2 by gas phase polymerization, and a rectangular parallelepiped low-density gel monolith having the coating layer on the surface.
- a coating layer 3 composed of poly (monochloro) paraxylylene is formed on the surface of the airgel monolith produced in Production Example 2 by gas phase polymerization, and a rectangular parallelepiped low-density gel monolith having the coating layer on the surface.
- it is composed of poly (monochloro) paraxylylene in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the airgel monolith produced in Production Example 2 was used instead of the xerogel monolith produced in Production Example 1.
- An airgel monolith having a coating layer on the entire surface was obtained.
- the shape and size of the obtained low density gel monolith were the same as the monolith before forming the coating layer, that is, the rectangular monolith produced in Production Example 2.
- a three-point bending test was performed on the airgel monolith having the coating layer produced in Example 2 and the airgel monolith having no coating layer produced in Production Example 2.
- the distance between fulcrums was 20 mm, and the crosshead speed was 0.25 mm / min.
- the results of the three-point bending test are shown in FIG.
- the Young's modulus is improved from 0.85 MPa to 1.98 MPa, the bending strength is improved from 0.049 MPa to 0.15 MPa, and fracture occurs.
- the strain increased from 6.4% to 11%.
- the Young's modulus is improved from 0.85 MPa to 1.74 MPa, the bending strength is improved from 0.049 MPa to 0.20 MPa, and the breaking strain is increased from 6.4% to 15 %.
- the coating layer (coating layer constituted by a polymer of a gas phase polymerizable monomer) is used as the ratio d2 / d1 of the total thickness d2 of the coating layer to the thickness d1 of the low density gel body. ) was confirmed to greatly improve the mechanical strength of the low-density gel body.
- the coating layer was formed only on the surface of the precursor monolith, and was not formed in the interior thereof.
- the low density gel body of this indication can be used for the same use as the conventional low density gel body.
- the low-density gel body of the present disclosure has improved mechanical strength than a conventional low-density gel body, and further has a high degree of freedom in shape, so that it is difficult to apply with a conventional low-density gel body, Or the use for the use which was not applicable if the characteristic characteristic as a low-density gel body is not impaired largely with a conventional low-density gel body is also anticipated.
Abstract
Description
図1に、本開示の低密度ゲル体の一例を示す。図1に示す低密度ゲル体1は、コーティング層3を表面に有する。より具体的には、低密度ゲル体であるゲル本体部2と、ゲル本体部2の表面に形成されたコーティング層3とを有する。コーティング層3は、気相重合性モノマーの重合体から構成される。
本開示の製造方法では、前駆体である低密度ゲル体(以下、単に「前駆体」)を収容した系において気相重合性モノマーの気相重合を進行させる。そして、この気相重合により、当該モノマーの重合体から構成されるコーティング層3を前駆体の表面に形成して、コーティング層3を表面に有する低密度ゲル体1を得る。この気相重合によるコーティング層3の形成プロセスを経て、前駆体はゲル本体部2となる。
製造例1では、前駆体として、有機-無機ハイブリッドゲルであるキセロゲルのモノリス体を作製した。
製造例2では、前駆体として、シリカエアロゲルのモノリス体を作製した。
実施例1では、製造例1で作製したキセロゲルモノリスの表面に、ポリ(モノクロロ)パラキシリレンにより構成されるコーティング層3を気相重合により形成し、当該コーティング層を表面に有する直方体状の低密度ゲルモノリスを作製した。具体的に、低密度ゲルモノリスは以下のように作製した。
実施例2では、製造例2で作製したエアロゲルモノリスの表面に、ポリ(モノクロロ)パラキシリレンにより構成されるコーティング層3を気相重合により形成し、当該コーティング層を表面に有する直方体状の低密度ゲルモノリスを作製した。具体的には、前駆体として製造例1で作製したキセロゲルモノリスの代わりに製造例2で作製したエアロゲルモノリスを使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、ポリ(モノクロロ)パラキシリレンにより構成されるコーティング層を全表面に有するエアロゲルモノリスを得た。得られた低密度ゲルモノリスの形状およびサイズは、コーティング層を形成する前のモノリス、すなわち製造例2で作製した直方体状のモノリスと同一であった。また、気相重合の時間を変更することにより、コーティング層の厚さを1.0μmおよび2.0μmとした。それぞれ、上述の厚さd2では、2.0μmおよび4.0μmとなる。
Claims (14)
- 気相重合性モノマーの重合体から構成されるコーティング層を表面に有する低密度ゲル体。
- 前記モノマーが、オレフィン、スチレン、スチレン誘導体、(メタ)アクリル酸、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル、パラキシリレンおよびパラキシリレン誘導体から選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項1に記載の低密度ゲル体。
- 前記モノマーが、パラキシリレンおよびパラキシリレン誘導体から選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項1に記載の低密度ゲル体。
- 前記コーティング層の厚さが0.1~10μmである請求項1に記載の低密度ゲル体。
- モノリス体である請求項1に記載の低密度ゲル体。
- 前記低密度ゲル体の厚さd1(μm)に対する前記コーティング層の厚さd2(μm)の比d2/d1が0.001~1%である請求項1に記載の低密度ゲル体。
- エアロゲルまたはキセロゲルである請求項1に記載の低密度ゲル体。
- 有機-無機ハイブリッドゲルである請求項1に記載の低密度ゲル体。
- 前駆体である低密度ゲル体を収容した系において気相重合性モノマーの気相重合を進行させることにより、前記モノマーの重合体から構成されるコーティング層を前記前駆体の表面に形成して、前記コーティング層を表面に有する低密度ゲル体を得る、低密度ゲル体の製造方法。
- 前記モノマーが、オレフィン、スチレン、スチレン誘導体、(メタ)アクリル酸、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル、パラキシリレンおよびパラキシリレン誘導体から選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項9に記載の低密度ゲル体の製造方法。
- 前記モノマーが、パラキシリレンおよびパラキシリレン誘導体から選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項9に記載の低密度ゲル体の製造方法。
- 前記前駆体がモノリス体であり、
モノリス体である、前記コーティング層を表面に有する低密度ゲル体を得る請求項9に記載の低密度ゲル体の製造方法。 - 前記前駆体および得られた前記低密度ゲル体がエアロゲルまたはキセロゲルである請求項9に記載の低密度ゲル体の製造方法。
- 前記前駆体および得られた前記低密度ゲル体が有機-無機ハイブリッドゲルである請求項9に記載の低密度ゲル体の製造方法。
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- 2017-01-26 US US16/072,812 patent/US20190031849A1/en not_active Abandoned
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JP2022105584A (ja) * | 2018-03-08 | 2022-07-14 | 昭和電工マテリアルズ株式会社 | エアロゲルブロック |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20190031849A1 (en) | 2019-01-31 |
CN108884175B (zh) | 2021-09-24 |
CN108884175A (zh) | 2018-11-23 |
JP6905262B2 (ja) | 2021-07-21 |
EP3409695A4 (en) | 2019-10-16 |
JPWO2017131106A1 (ja) | 2018-12-20 |
EP3409695A1 (en) | 2018-12-05 |
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