WO2017126089A1 - 阻止電位型エネルギー分析器 - Google Patents
阻止電位型エネルギー分析器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017126089A1 WO2017126089A1 PCT/JP2016/051742 JP2016051742W WO2017126089A1 WO 2017126089 A1 WO2017126089 A1 WO 2017126089A1 JP 2016051742 W JP2016051742 W JP 2016051742W WO 2017126089 A1 WO2017126089 A1 WO 2017126089A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/44—Energy spectrometers, e.g. alpha-, beta-spectrometers
- H01J49/46—Static spectrometers
- H01J49/48—Static spectrometers using electrostatic analysers, e.g. cylindrical sector, Wien filter
- H01J49/488—Static spectrometers using electrostatic analysers, e.g. cylindrical sector, Wien filter with retarding grids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/02—Details
- H01J37/04—Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the discharge, e.g. electron-optical arrangement or ion-optical arrangement
- H01J37/05—Electron or ion-optical arrangements for separating electrons or ions according to their energy or mass
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/02—Details
- H01J37/244—Detectors; Associated components or circuits therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/02—Details
- H01J49/022—Circuit arrangements, e.g. for generating deviation currents or voltages ; Components associated with high voltage supply
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/05—Arrangements for energy or mass analysis
- H01J2237/053—Arrangements for energy or mass analysis electrostatic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/05—Arrangements for energy or mass analysis
- H01J2237/057—Energy or mass filtering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/244—Detection characterized by the detecting means
- H01J2237/24485—Energy spectrometers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a blocking potential type energy analyzer used for analyzing charged particles such as electrons and ions.
- a blocking potential type energy analyzer selects a charged particle (electron, ion, etc.) emitted from a charged particle source (analytical sample, charged particle beam source, etc.) having an energy of a magnitude greater than a predetermined value. It is a detector to detect.
- the blocking potential type energy analyzer is composed of three plate-like grid electrodes (front grid electrode, middle grid electrode, and rear grid electrode) arranged at equal intervals in the traveling direction of charged particles, and voltage applied to the grid electrode. The voltage application part which applies, and a detector are provided.
- a mesh-like one knitted with a wire is used (for example, Patent Document 1).
- the front grid electrode and the rear grid electrode are grounded, and a voltage having a predetermined magnitude that is the same polarity as the charged particle to be measured is applied to the middle grid electrode.
- a potential difference is formed between the front grid electrode and the middle grid electrode to prevent charged particles from entering, and a potential difference is formed between the middle grid electrode and the rear grid electrode to accelerate the charged particles toward the detector. Is done. Charged particles emitted from the sample are decelerated while heading from the front grid electrode to the middle grid electrode. And only what has reached the middle grid electrode and passed through the middle grid electrode is guided to the detector.
- the blocking potential type energy analyzer it is possible in principle to obtain the energy spectrum of charged particles by using the difference in detected intensity of charged particles at a plurality of blocking potential differences that are separated by a certain value.
- the conventional blocking potential type energy analyzer has a problem of low energy resolution and cannot be used to obtain an energy spectrum in spectroscopic measurement such as photoelectron spectroscopy.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a blocking potential type energy analyzer capable of measuring charged particles with higher energy resolution than before.
- the present inventor has high energy resolution in a conventional blocking potential energy analyzer (a configuration in which three flat or spherical plate-like grid electrodes are arranged at equal intervals to make the middle grid electrode a blocking potential). As a result of investigating the reason why it cannot be obtained, the following was found.
- an equipotential surface parallel to the surface of the former grid electrode and the middle grid electrode is formed, and charged particles may enter perpendicularly to the equipotential surface.
- the equipotential surface is not formed near the entrance of the through hole, and in the plane parallel to the surface of the grid electrode, A potential gradient appears in which the potential decreases from the periphery toward the center.
- the charged particles are decelerated due to the potential difference between the previous grid electrode and the middle grid electrode, so the traveling direction of the charged particles incident on the through holes of the middle grid electrode is It varies greatly depending on the potential gradient at the entrance and inside. As a result, a part of the charged particles collides with the inner wall of the through hole of the grid electrode and is lost, and the energy resolution is lowered.
- the present invention has been made in consideration of the above factors, and as a result of the simulation of the arrangement of the various grid electrodes and the magnitude of the applied voltage by the present inventor, the detector side of the middle grid electrode at the blocking potential is shown. Near the entrance of the through hole of the middle grid electrode by increasing the downstream potential gradient (more precisely, the ratio of the downstream potential gradient to the upstream potential gradient formed on the charged particle source side). This is based on the knowledge that the electric field can be made such that charged particles can easily pass through the through hole.
- a first aspect of the present invention made to solve the above problem is a blocking potential type energy analyzer that measures the energy of charged particles emitted from a charged particle source using a charged particle detector, a) Between the charged particle source and the charged particle detector, a front grid electrode, a reference grid electrode, and a rear grid electrode are arranged in this order, and more than the distance between the reference grid electrode and the front grid electrode, Three grid electrodes arranged so that a distance between a reference grid electrode and the latter grid electrode is shortened; b) An upward potential difference of a predetermined magnitude is provided between the reference grid electrode and the preceding grid electrode, and a descending magnitude greater than the upward potential difference is provided between the reference grid electrode and the subsequent grid electrode. And a voltage applying unit for applying a voltage to a part or all of the three grid electrodes so as to give a potential difference of.
- the second aspect of the present invention which has been made to solve the above problems, is a blocking potential type energy analyzer that measures the energy of charged particles emitted from a charged particle source using a charged particle detector. And a) Between the charged particle source and the charged particle detector, a front grid electrode, a reference grid electrode, and a rear grid electrode are arranged in this order, and a distance between the reference grid electrode and the front grid electrode is determined by the reference grid electrode Three grid electrodes arranged to be equal to or greater than the distance between the grid electrode and the subsequent grid electrode; b) An upward potential difference of a predetermined magnitude is provided between the reference grid electrode and the preceding grid electrode, and a downward potential difference greater than the upward potential difference between the reference grid electrode and the subsequent grid electrode. A voltage applying unit that applies a voltage to a part or all of the three grid electrodes.
- the grid electrode is, for example, a plate electrode having a through hole in the thickness direction or a mesh electrode knitted with a wire.
- various shapes such as a spherical grid electrode and a curved grid electrode can be used as the grid electrode.
- the upward potential gradient is a gradient formed by a potential difference of the same polarity as the charged particles and decelerates the charged particles, and the downward potential gradient is formed by a potential difference of the opposite polarity to the charged particles. It is an accelerating gradient.
- a detector capable of setting the incident surface of charged particles to a predetermined potential such as a charged particle detector such as a microchannel plate (MCP)
- MCP microchannel plate
- the incident surface of the detector is set to the latter stage. It can be used as a grid electrode.
- the energy of charged particles is measured by arranging three grid electrodes at equal intervals and forming a blocking potential on the reference grid electrode.
- the grid electrode is a planar grid electrode
- the ratio of the upward potential gradient to the downward potential gradient is 1.0.
- the grid electrode is a spherical grid electrode
- the front grid electrode, the reference grid electrode, and the rear grid electrode are respectively 38 mm, 40 mm, and If it is arranged at a position of 42 mm (that is, a grid electrode separation distance of 2 mm), the potential gradient ratio is about 1.1. That is, the ratio of the potential gradient formed by the conventional electrode arrangement was about 1 regardless of whether the planar grid electrode or the spherical grid electrode was used.
- the distance between the reference grid electrode and the rear grid electrode is shorter than the distance between the reference grid electrode and the front grid electrode.
- the potential difference between the reference grid electrode and the rear-stage grid electrode is made larger than the potential difference between the reference grid electrode and the front-stage grid electrode.
- the potential gradient on the rear stage side (more precisely, the ratio of the potential gradient on the rear stage side with respect to the potential gradient on the front stage side) is made larger than before.
- the curvature of the equipotential surface near the entrance of the through hole of the reference grid electrode is reduced, and the trajectory of the charged particles is bent near the entrance of the through hole and collides with the inner wall of the through hole.
- the charged particle can be converged toward the center of the outlet of the through hole by increasing the curvature of the equipotential surface in the vicinity of the outlet.
- a lens effect for converging charged particles in the mesh gap can be obtained by increasing the potential gradient ratio.
- charged particles that have disappeared by colliding with the wire of the mesh electrode Passes through the mesh gap.
- the lens effect is a conventionally known effect in which charged particles are converged in a mesh gap (a gap through which charged particles pass). That is, when the blocking potential type energy analyzer according to the present invention is used, loss of charged particles is reduced, and high energy resolution and high detection sensitivity can be obtained.
- the blocking potential type energy analyzer can be embodied in various forms.
- three grid electrodes front grid electrode, reference grid electrode, and rear grid electrode
- the front grid electrode is grounded, and a voltage having the same polarity as the charged particles (blocking voltage) is applied to the reference grid electrode.
- a voltage having the same polarity as the charged particles is applied to the reference grid electrode.
- the same voltage is applied to the incident surface of the charged particle detector as the latter grid electrode in order to reliably transport the charged particles that have passed through the latter grid electrode to the charged particle detector without decelerating. It is preferable that the voltage is equal to the voltage applied to the post-stage grid electrode.
- a voltage (blocking voltage) of the same polarity as the charged particles is applied only to the reference grid electrode, and the front grid electrode and the rear grid electrode are grounded, and the distance between the front grid electrode and the reference grid electrode is determined by the distance between the rear grid electrode and the reference grid electrode. It can also be realized by making it longer than the distance of the electrodes.
- the angular distribution of charged particles emitted from one point on the sample can be measured together with energy by using a two-dimensional detector as the charged particle detector. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a higher angular resolution than before.
- charged particles can be measured with higher energy resolution than before.
- the principal part block diagram of one Example of the blocking potential type energy analyzer which concerns on this invention The figure explaining the surface potential of a middle stage grid electrode. Table of configurations used for electron transmission simulation. Simulation result of electron transmittance when mesh electrode is used. The simulation result of the electron transmittance at the time of using a plate electrode. The table
- photoelectrons having energy larger than a predetermined threshold are selected and detected from charged particles emitted from a charged particle source (sample, particle beam source, etc.).
- FIG. 1 shows the main configuration of the blocking potential type energy analyzer of the present embodiment.
- the blocking potential type energy analyzer of the present embodiment is disposed at the position of the front grid electrode 21 disposed at a distance r1 from the sample 10, the middle grid electrode 22 disposed at a distance r2, and the distance r3.
- a post-stage grid electrode 23, a two-dimensional detector having a microchannel plate (MCP) 31, a fluorescent screen 32, and an imaging means (not shown) for capturing a fluorescent image on the fluorescent screen 32 are provided.
- the front grid electrode 21, the middle grid electrode 22, and the rear grid electrode 23 are all spherical grid electrodes.
- Each grid electrode is a plate electrode in which a large number of through holes are formed at a predetermined cycle, or a mesh electrode knitted with a wire.
- the sample 10 is placed on a grounded sample table (not shown), and one point on the surface thereof is irradiated with X-rays having a predetermined energy from a light source (not shown).
- Various nonmagnetic metal materials aluminum, gold, platinum, copper, titanium, tantalum, tungsten, molybdenum, stainless steel, etc.
- the grid electrode is a plate-like electrode, it is preferable to use copper or titanium in consideration of workability when forming the through hole.
- the grid electrode is a mesh electrode
- the charged particle incident surfaces of the front-stage grid electrode 21, the rear-stage grid electrode 23, and the MCP 31 are grounded, and the middle-stage grid electrode 22 has a predetermined size that has the same polarity (negative polarity) as the charged particles (photoelectrons) to be measured. Is applied to form a blocking potential.
- the grid electrode on which the blocking potential is formed is also referred to as a reference grid electrode.
- the measurement target is a negative charged particle (photoelectron)
- a negative blocking potential is formed.
- the measurement target is a positive charged particle (positive ion or the like)
- the blocking potential is formed.
- the distance (r3-r2) from the middle grid electrode 22 to the rear grid electrode 23 is larger than the distance (r2-r1) from the front grid electrode 21 to the middle grid electrode 22.
- the rear grid electrode 23 is arranged so as to be close.
- the middle grid with respect to the upward potential gradient formed between the previous grid electrode 21 and the middle grid electrode 22 (hereinafter referred to as “previous potential gradient”).
- the ratio of the downward potential gradient formed between the electrode 22 and the rear-stage grid electrode 23 (hereinafter referred to as “rear-stage-side potential gradient”) is made larger than the conventional one.
- An ascending potential gradient is a gradient of a potential difference having the same polarity as that of a charged particle and decelerates the charged particle
- a descending potential gradient is a gradient of a potential difference opposite to that of the charged particle and accelerates the charged particle.
- a concentric equipotential surface centering on the sample position (more precisely, the X-ray irradiation position on the sample surface) is formed between the front-stage grid electrode and the middle-stage grid electrode. It is configured assuming that charged particles enter perpendicular to the potential surface.
- the charged particles are decelerated by the potential difference between the previous grid electrode and the middle grid electrode, and therefore the traveling direction of the charged particles incident on the through holes of the middle grid electrode is the potential gradient. It varies greatly depending on. As a result, a part of the charged particles collides with the inner wall of the through-hole formed in the plate-like electrode and is lost and the energy resolution is lowered.
- an arrow in FIG. 1 As a result of studying various configurations by the present inventor, as shown in FIG. 1, by increasing the ratio of the potential gradient on the rear stage side to the potential gradient on the front stage side as compared with the conventional one, an arrow in FIG. As shown, the curvature of the equipotential surface near the entrance of the through hole of the middle grid electrode 22 is reduced to avoid the charged particle trajectory being bent near the entrance of the through hole and colliding with the inner wall of the through hole, and in the vicinity of the exit. It was found that the charged particles can be converged toward the center of the outlet of the through hole by increasing the curvature of the equipotential surface of the plate electrode.
- the distance r2 from the sample 10 to the middle grid electrode 22 is fixed to 40 mm
- the distance r3 to the rear grid electrode 23 is fixed to 42 mm
- the front grid electrode 21 is fixed.
- FIG. 1 A list of spherical grid electrodes used in the simulation is shown in FIG.
- Two types of mesh electrodes (mesh electrodes 1 and 2) and one type of plate electrode (plate electrode 1) were used as the spherical grid electrodes.
- Mesh electrode 1 has 508 openings (mesh gap) per inch (2.54 cm) and 81% of the surface is open (opening interval: 50 ⁇ m, wire diameter: 5 ⁇ m), mesh electrode 2 is 1 inch It has 254 openings per hole and 81% of the surface is open (opening interval: 100 ⁇ m, wire diameter: 10 ⁇ m).
- the plate electrode 1 is formed by forming openings (through holes) having a diameter of 60 ⁇ m at intervals of 100 ⁇ m in a dome-shaped metal having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 4 shows simulation results for Example M1 and Comparative Example M1 using mesh electrode 1, and simulation results for Example M2 and Comparative Example M2 using mesh electrode 2.
- Example M1 and (c) Example M2 the distance r1 from the sample 10 to the front grid electrode 21 is set to 12 mm, and the distance from the front grid electrode 21 to the middle grid electrode 22 (r2-r1) Is 28 mm, and the distance (r3-r2) from the middle grid electrode 22 to the rear grid electrode 23 is 2 mm (potential gradient ratio is 49.0),
- Comparative Example M1 and (d) Comparative Example M2 are the front grid When the distance from the electrode 21 to the middle grid electrode 22 (r2-r1) and the distance from the middle grid electrode 22 to the rear grid electrode 23 (r3-r2) are both 2 mm (potential gradient ratio is 1.1) It is a simulation result.
- the horizontal axis in the figure shows the difference between the value obtained by dividing the kinetic energy of the photoelectron by the electric charge and converted into a potential difference, and the value of the blocking potential (the potential difference between the previous grid electrode 21 and the middle grid electrode 22) with respect to the blocking potential value. What is expressed in (percentage), the vertical axis is the electron transmittance.
- Example M1 and Comparative Example M1 both mesh electrodes 1
- Example M2 and Comparative Example M2 both mesh electrodes 2
- the rises of the graphs of Examples M1 and M2 are comparative examples M1 and M2. It becomes sharper and it can be seen that the energy resolution is improved from Comparative Examples M1 and M2, which are the conventional configurations.
- Example M1 mesh electrode 1
- Example M2 mesh electrode 2
- FIG. 5 shows simulation results for Examples P1-1 and P1-2 using the plate electrode 1 and Comparative Example P1.
- Example P1-1 has a distance r1 from the sample 10 to the front grid electrode 21 of 12 mm, a distance (r2-r1) from the front grid electrode 21 to the middle grid electrode 22 of 28 mm, and the middle grid. This is a simulation result when the distance (r3-r2) from the electrode 22 to the rear grid electrode 23 is 2 mm (potential gradient ratio is 49.0).
- Example P1-2 has a distance r1 from the sample 10 to the front grid electrode 21 of 32 mm, a distance (r2-r1) from the front grid electrode 21 to the middle grid electrode 22 of 8 mm, and the middle grid.
- Comparative Example P1 has a distance (r2-r1) from the front grid electrode 21 to the middle grid electrode 22 and a distance (r3-r2) from the middle grid electrode 22 to the rear grid electrode 23 are both 2 mm. This is a simulation result in the case of (potential gradient ratio is 1.1).
- the mesh electrode has the advantage that the electron transmittance can be increased and the sensitivity can be improved. It can be seen that the electrode has the advantage of increasing the energy resolution.
- the distance r1 from the sample 10 to the front grid electrode 21 is fixed to 12 mm
- the distance r3 to the rear grid electrode 23 is fixed to 42 mm
- the distance r2 from the sample 10 to the middle grid electrode 22 is changed.
- the ratio of potential gradients (rear-side potential gradient / rear-side potential gradient) was changed, and the electron transmittance was simulated respectively. This simulation was performed only for the plate-like spherical grid electrode.
- FIG. 6 is a list of spherical grid electrodes used in this simulation
- FIG. 7 shows the simulation results.
- the plate-like electrode 2 is a dome-shaped metal having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m and openings (through-holes) with a diameter of 30 ⁇ m formed at intervals of 50 ⁇ m. The diameter and the electrode thickness are both halved). From the simulation results shown in FIGS. 7 (a) to (f), it can be seen that the larger the potential gradient ratio, the sharper the rise of the graph and the better the energy resolution. Further, from the comparison between Example P1-4 and Example P2-1 (potential gradient ratio 10), and the comparison between Example P1-5 and Example P2-2 (potential gradient ratio 5), the grid of the plate-like electrodes was determined. It can be seen that finer resolution improves the energy resolution.
- the angular distribution of photoelectrons emitted from the sample can be measured simultaneously.
- the two-dimensional detector here is not limited to a detector having an incident surface for charged particles, such as a two-dimensional detector comprising an MCP 31 and a fluorescent screen 32, but a channeltron (secondary electron multiplier).
- a plurality of zero-dimensional detectors arranged in a two-dimensional array to form a two-dimensional detector is also included.
- electrostatic hemispherical analyzers have been used for measurements that require high energy resolution and angular resolution.
- this analyzer among the photoelectrons emitted from the sample, photoelectrons emitted in a predetermined direction are introduced into the hemispherical analyzer.
- the inside of the hemisphere has an inner hemisphere and an outer hemisphere, and a potential corresponding to a voltage difference applied to them is formed.
- the photoelectrons introduced inside the hemisphere only those having energy corresponding to the potential difference are detected by flying in the space between the inner hemisphere and the outer hemisphere.
- the electrostatic hemispherical analyzer is generally large and expensive. Further, since only photoelectrons emitted from the sample at a predetermined angle are detected, in order to obtain the angular distribution of the photoelectrons emitted from the sample, the relative angle is obtained by moving at least one of the sample surface and the electrostatic hemispherical analyzer. The measurement had to be changed sequentially, which took time.
- the blocking potential type energy analyzer of the present embodiment has a simple configuration of three grid electrodes, a power source, and a detector, and thus can be configured smaller and cheaper than an electrostatic hemispherical analyzer.
- the angular distribution of photoelectrons can be measured by a single measurement, the angular distribution of photoelectrons emitted from the sample can be measured even when the sample is easily broken or denatured by light irradiation.
- the present invention (1) The three grid electrodes are arranged so that the distance between the reference grid electrode and the rear grid electrode is shorter than the distance between the reference grid electrode and the front grid electrode. (2) By satisfying at least one of the two requirements of increasing the potential difference between the reference grid electrode and the rear-stage grid electrode rather than the potential difference between the reference grid electrode and the front-stage grid electrode, the potential on the front-stage side is higher than that in the prior art. This is based on the technical idea of increasing the ratio of the rear-side potential gradient to the gradient, and can be realized by various electrode arrangements and applied voltage magnitudes other than the above embodiments.
- the case of measuring photoelectrons emitted from one point on the sample surface has been described, but it can also be used for measuring charged particles such as ion beams.
- two planar grid electrodes (the front grid electrode 41 and the middle grid electrode 42) are used.
- MCP31, and fluorescent screen 32 can be preferably used.
- the electron incident surface of the MCP 31 is grounded and used as the rear grid electrode 43.
- the rear grid electrode 43 may be used separately from the MCP 31.
- the post-stage grid electrode 43 is disposed between the intermediate grid electrode 42 and the detector.
- the energy resolution increases as the ratio of the rear-stage side potential gradient and the front-stage side potential gradient increases.
- the middle grid electrode and the rear grid electrode are too close to each other, a discharge may occur between them.
- the rear grid electrode 43 is changed to the middle grid electrode 42.
- the ratio of the potential gradients can be increased without being too close to.
- an electron optical system (such as an electron lens or a collimator) for forming a charged particle beam into a substantially parallel beam is disposed on the side of the charged particle source (not shown) with respect to the front-stage grid electrode 41. It can be suitably used for cases.
- a voltage is applied to a component such as an electron optical system, it is preferable that the pre-stage grid electrode arranged adjacent to the component has the same potential as the component.
- the rear grid electrode disposed adjacent to the component is set to the same potential as the component.
- FIG. 10 it may be configured using four or more grid electrodes.
- an auxiliary grid electrode 54 is arranged between the front grid electrode 51 and the middle grid electrode 52, and a voltage having the same polarity as the charged particles is applied to the auxiliary grid electrode 54.
- the potential gradient ratio can be increased without bringing the grid electrode 53 too close to the middle grid electrode 52.
- the first front grid electrode 51 is placed at a position 12 mm from the sample 10 and grounded, and the second front grid electrode 54 is placed at a position 15 mm from the sample 10 and a voltage corresponding to 95% of the blocking potential is applied.
- the middle grid electrode 52 When the middle grid electrode 52 is placed at a position 40 mm from the sample 10 and a voltage corresponding to the blocking potential is applied, and the rear grid electrode 53 is placed at a position 42 mm from the sample 10 and grounded (the grid electrode is Both are spherical plate-like electrodes.
- the simulation results of the potential gradient of the through-hole diameter of the middle grid electrode of 0.18 mm, the distance between the through-holes of 0.20 mm, and the electrode thickness of 0.10 mm are shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 10B is the distance from the sample surface (unit: mm), and the vertical axis is the relative value of the potential with the blocking potential being 1. In this configuration, it was confirmed that an energy resolution of about 10,000 and an angular resolution (full width at half maximum) of ⁇ 0.3 degrees were obtained.
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Abstract
Description
a) 前記荷電粒子源と前記荷電粒子検出器の間に、前段グリッド電極、基準グリッド電極、後段グリッド電極の順に並べて配置され、前記基準グリッド電極と前記前段グリッド電極の間の距離よりも、前記基準グリッド電極と前記後段グリッド電極の間の距離が短くなるように配置された3枚のグリッド電極と、
b) 前記基準グリッド電極と前記前段グリッド電極との間に所定の大きさの上りの電位差を与えるとともに、前記基準グリッド電極と前記後段グリッド電極との間に前記上りの電位差以上の大きさの下りの電位差を与えるように、前記3枚のグリッド電極の一部又は全部に電圧を印加する電圧印加部と
を備えることを特徴とする。
a) 前記荷電粒子源と前記荷電粒子検出器の間に、前段グリッド電極、基準グリッド電極、後段グリッド電極の順に並べて配置され、前記基準グリッド電極と前記前段グリッド電極の間の距離が、前記基準グリッド電極と前記後段グリッド電極の間の距離以上になるように配置された3枚のグリッド電極と、
b) 前記基準グリッド電極と前記前段グリッド電極との間に所定の大きさの上りの電位差を与えるとともに、前記基準グリッド電極と前記後段グリッド電極との間に前記上りの電位差よりも大きい下りの電位差を与えるように、前記3枚のグリッド電極の一部又は全部に電圧を印加する電圧印加部と
を備えることを特徴とする。
前記上りの電位勾配とは、荷電粒子と同極性の電位差により形成され該荷電粒子を減速する勾配であり、前記下りの電位勾配とは、荷電粒子と逆極性の電位差により形成され該荷電粒子を加速する勾配である。
なお、マイクロチャンネルプレート(MCP)等の荷電粒子検出器のように、荷電粒子の入射面を所定の電位にすることが可能な検出器を用いる場合には、該検出器の入射面を前記後段グリッド電極として用いることができる。
(1)基準グリッド電極と前段グリッド電極の間の距離よりも、前記基準グリッド電極と前記後段グリッド電極の間の距離が短くなるように前記3枚のグリッド電極を配置する、
(2)基準グリッド電極と前段グリッド電極の間の電位差よりも、基準グリッド電極と後段グリッド電極の間の電位差を大きくする
という2つの要件の少なくとも一方を満たすことにより、従来よりも、前段側電位勾配に対する後段側電位勾配の比を大きくする、という技術的思想に基づくものであり、上記実施例以外にも種々の電極配置や印加電圧の大きさにより具現化することができる。
21、41、51…前段グリッド電極
22、42、52…中段グリッド電極
23、43、53…後段グリッド電極
31…MCP
32…蛍光スクリーン
54…補助グリッド電極
Claims (7)
- 荷電粒子源から発せられる荷電粒子のエネルギーを、荷電粒子検出器を用いて測定する阻止電位型エネルギー分析器であって、
a) 前記荷電粒子源と前記荷電粒子検出器の間に、前段グリッド電極、基準グリッド電極、後段グリッド電極の順に並べて配置され、前記基準グリッド電極と前記前段グリッド電極の間の距離よりも、前記基準グリッド電極と前記後段グリッド電極の間の距離が短くなるように配置された3枚のグリッド電極と、
b) 前記基準グリッド電極と前記前段グリッド電極との間に所定の大きさの上りの電位差を与えるとともに、前記基準グリッド電極と前記後段グリッド電極との間に前記上りの電位差以上の大きさの下りの電位差を与えるように、前記3枚のグリッド電極の一部又は全部に電圧を印加する電圧印加部と
を備えることを特徴とする阻止電位型エネルギー分析器。 - 荷電粒子源から発せられる荷電粒子のエネルギーを、荷電粒子検出器を用いて測定する阻止電位型エネルギー分析器であって、
a) 前記荷電粒子源と前記荷電粒子検出器の間に、前段グリッド電極、基準グリッド電極、後段グリッド電極の順に並べて配置され、前記基準グリッド電極と前記前段グリッド電極の間の距離が、前記基準グリッド電極と前記後段グリッド電極の間の距離以上になるように配置された3枚のグリッド電極と、
b) 前記基準グリッド電極と前記前段グリッド電極との間に所定の大きさの上りの電位差を与えるとともに、前記基準グリッド電極と前記後段グリッド電極との間に前記上りの電位差よりも大きい下りの電位差を与えるように、前記3枚のグリッド電極の一部又は全部に電圧を印加する電圧印加部と
を備えることを特徴とする阻止電位型エネルギー分析器。 - 前記前段グリッド電極と前記基準グリッド電極にそれぞれ前記荷電粒子と同極性の第1電圧と該第1電圧よりも絶対値の大きい第2電圧が印加されていることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の阻止電位型エネルギー分析器。
- 前記基準グリッド電極に前記荷電粒子と同極性の電圧が印加され、前記後段グリッド電極に前記荷電粒子と逆極性の電圧が印加されていることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の阻止電位型エネルギー分析器。
- 前記荷電粒子検出器が二次元検出器であることを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の阻止電位型エネルギー分析器。
- 前記3枚のグリッド電極が球面グリッド電極であることを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の阻止電位型エネルギー分析器。
- 前記後段グリッド電極が前記荷電粒子検出器の荷電粒子入射面であることを特徴とする請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の阻止電位型エネルギー分析器。
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JP2017506941A JP6713454B2 (ja) | 2016-01-21 | 2016-01-21 | 阻止電位型エネルギー分析器 |
PCT/JP2016/051742 WO2017126089A1 (ja) | 2016-01-21 | 2016-01-21 | 阻止電位型エネルギー分析器 |
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US10319578B2 (en) | 2019-06-11 |
US20180082829A1 (en) | 2018-03-22 |
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