WO2017113978A1 - 清洁剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

清洁剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017113978A1
WO2017113978A1 PCT/CN2016/104173 CN2016104173W WO2017113978A1 WO 2017113978 A1 WO2017113978 A1 WO 2017113978A1 CN 2016104173 W CN2016104173 W CN 2016104173W WO 2017113978 A1 WO2017113978 A1 WO 2017113978A1
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Prior art keywords
fatty acid
cleaning agent
ethanol
detergent
polyoxyethylene alkyl
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PCT/CN2016/104173
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English (en)
French (fr)
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柳和熊
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朴莲花
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Publication of WO2017113978A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017113978A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/825—Mixtures of compounds all of which are non-ionic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C11D3/2003—Alcohols; Phenols
    • C11D3/2006—Monohydric alcohols
    • C11D3/201—Monohydric alcohols linear
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C11D3/2003—Alcohols; Phenols
    • C11D3/2065—Polyhydric alcohols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cleaning agent, in particular to a cleaning agent for quickly emulsification and decomposition of mineral oil, animal and vegetable oil, engine oil and the like, and a preparation method and application thereof.
  • a cleaning agent comprising a nonionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, a hydrogen peroxide, a chelating agent, a stabilizer, an antifoaming agent, and a fragrance is disclosed.
  • the cleaning effect of the cleaning agent is more satisfactory, its component contains a large amount of surfactant (about 40% to 70% of the total weight), which is harmful to the human body and environmental protection (causing sewer blockage and river pollution). There are great dangers. Studies have shown that the natural decomposition of the cleaning agent takes 10-20 days, and the degree of biodegradation is 70%-80%.
  • the detergent component contains a large amount of surfactant (50%-70%), which is extremely harmful to the human body and environmental protection (causing sewer blockage and river pollution).
  • the cleaning agent is mostly strong acid or strong alkaline, which is easy to corrode the surface of the object, and can also cause rough skin and nail cracking;
  • the cleaning agent is flammable, and there is a great safety hazard when mixed with other cleaning agents.
  • a first object of the invention is to provide a cleaning agent.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide a process for the preparation of the above cleaning agent.
  • a third object of the present invention is to provide the use of the above cleaning agent in the separation of fats and oils.
  • the present invention provides a cleaning agent for decomposing fats and oils;
  • the cleaning agent comprises the following components: (by weight percent) 10 to 20% of a surfactant, 2 to 10% Stabilizer, the balance is deionized water.
  • the surfactant is a nonionic surfactant selected from one or more of a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, a fatty acid alkanolamide or a sorbitan fatty acid ester.
  • a nonionic surfactant selected from one or more of a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, a fatty acid alkanolamide or a sorbitan fatty acid ester.
  • the surfactant consists of a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, a fatty acid alkanolamide and a sorbitan fatty acid ester, the polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, a fatty acid alkanol
  • the weight percentage of the amide and sorbitan fatty acid ester to the detergent is: 3 to 10% of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, 3 to 10% of fatty acid alkanolamide, and 3 to 10% of dehydrated pear Alcohol fatty acid esters.
  • the stabilizer is a polyol selected from one or more of glycerol, ethanol or ethylene glycol.
  • the stabilizer is composed of glycerin and ethanol, and the weight percentage of the glycerin and ethanol to the detergent is: 1 to 5% of glycerin and 1 to 5% of ethanol. .
  • the invention also provides a preparation method of the above cleaning agent, characterized in that the method comprises: adding the surfactant and the stabilizer to a part of water at 30 to 50 ° C, and adding 30 to 50 ° C after stirring. The remaining amount of water is stirred until it is completely reacted.
  • the surfactant consists of a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, a fatty acid alkanolamide and a sorbitan fatty acid ester, the polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, a fatty acid alkanol
  • the weight percentage of the amide and the sorbitan fatty acid ester to the detergent is: 3 to 10% of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, 3 to 10% of fatty acid alkanolamide, and 3 to 10% of dehydrated pear Alcohol fatty acid esters.
  • the stabilizer is composed of glycerin and ethanol, and the weight percentage of the glycerin and ethanol to the detergent is: 1 to 5% of glycerin, 1 to 5%. Ethanol.
  • the method comprises the steps of:
  • Step 1 Add polyoxyethylene alkyl ether to deionized water at 30-50 ° C, stir, then add fatty acid alkanolamide and stir;
  • Step 2 simultaneously adding glycerin and ethanol as a stabilizer to the solution of step 1 and stirring;
  • Step 3 adding sorbitan fatty acid ester to the solution of step 2, stirring;
  • Step 4 Add the remaining amount of deionized water at 30 to 50 ° C to the solution of step 3, and stir until complete.
  • the invention also provides the use of the above cleaning agent in the decomposition of oils and fats. After the above cleaning agent forms an aqueous solution with water, it can be used for decomposition of oil and fat. Or you can also use other cleaning agents and degreasing according to actual needs. Mixtures and the like are used.
  • the chemical reagents used in the present invention are all commercially available products unless otherwise specified.
  • the polyoxyethylene alkyl ether refers to a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether nonionic surfactant such as, but not limited to, polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene cetyl ether
  • Commercially available products such as, but not limited to, EMULGEN series (EMULGEN 104P, EMULGEN 105, EMULGEN 106, EMULGEN 108, EMULGEN 109P, EMULGEN 120, EMULGEN 123P, EMULGEN 220, EMULGEN 306P, EMULGEN 707, manufactured by Shanghai Huawang Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • Commercially available products such as, but not limited to, coconut oil fatty acid monoethanolamide, coconut oil fatty acid diethanolamide, and the like.
  • the cleaning agent of the invention contains a small amount of surfactant, which greatly reduces the amount of surfactant used compared with the existing products, reduces the toxic effect on the user and the pressure on the environment, and can solve the sewer Blockage problems, discharge into the river will not have a toxic effect on the organism.
  • the detergent of the present invention is pH neutral and is a mild cleaning agent which does not corrode or injure the hands.
  • the cleaning agent of the present invention is non-flammable and has no potential safety hazards.
  • the cleaning agent of the present invention by utilizing the synergy between the components, especially the synergistic effect between the three nonionic surfactants, achieves an excellent cleaning effect under strict control of the amount of the surfactant. It has been experimentally shown that the cleaning agent of the invention can completely decompose the oil into a very small state of 3 to 7 nanometers, making it easy to clean; meanwhile, it has been experimentally shown that the cleaning agent of the invention remaining in the wastewater can be within 48 hours. Natural decomposition, the degree of biodegradation is over 98%, which does not cause environmental damage, greatly reducing the difficulty of subsequent wastewater treatment.
  • Examples 1 to 5 are formulations of surfactants in the detergent of the present invention, each percentage being a percentage of the total weight of each component of the detergent.
  • the specific formulations of the surfactants of Examples 1 to 5 are described in Table 1.
  • Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Surfactant A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 Polyoxyethylene alkyl ether 5 ⁇ 6 3 to 4 6-8 8 ⁇ 9 3 ⁇ 5 Fatty acid alkanolamide 3 ⁇ 5 6 ⁇ 7 8 ⁇ 9 6-8 4 ⁇ 6 Sorbitan fatty acid ester 7 ⁇ 8 8 ⁇ 9 4 ⁇ 6 3 ⁇ 5 9 to 10
  • Examples 6 to 7 are formulations of the stabilizer in the detergent of the present invention, each percentage being a percentage of the total weight of each component.
  • the specific formulations of the stabilizers of Examples 6 to 7 are described in Table 2.
  • Example 6 Example 7
  • Example 8 stabilizer B1 B2 B3 Glycerol 3 to 4 1 to 2 3 to 4 Ethanol 1 to 2 1 to 2 4 ⁇ 5
  • surfactants A1 to A5 and stabilizers B1 to B3 were respectively made into detergents C1 to C15 (the balance being deionized water), and the oil decomposition rate and biodegradation of the prepared detergent were as follows. Time and biodegradability were tested. Among them, the oils and fats used are mineral oil, animal and vegetable oils and motor oils. The experimental data is recorded in Table 3.
  • Example 10 A1B3 Complete decomposition 32 1.0 Example 11 A2B1 Complete decomposition 30 1.3 Example 12 A2B2 Complete decomposition 35 1.6 Example 13 A2B3 Complete decomposition 32 1.7 Example 14 A3B1 Complete decomposition 42 1.2 Example 15 A3B2 Complete decomposition 38 1.6 Example 16 A3B3 Complete decomposition 45 1.3 Example 17 A4B1 Complete decomposition 42 1.5 Example 18 A4B2 Complete decomposition 45 1.8 Example 19 A4B3 Complete decomposition 40 1.2 Example 20 A5B1 Complete decomposition 36 1.6 Example 21 A5B2 Complete decomposition 40 1.3 Example 22 A5B3 Complete decomposition 45 1.2
  • Surfactant A1' A2' A3' Polyoxyethylene alkyl ether 5 ⁇ 6 0 6-8 Fatty acid alkanolamide 0 6 ⁇ 7 8 ⁇ 9 Sorbitan fatty acid ester 7 ⁇ 8 8 ⁇ 9 0
  • Comparative Examples 1 to 9 were formed by blending the above-mentioned surfactants A1', A2' and A3' with stabilizers B1, B2 and B3, respectively. Then, the oil decomposition rate, biodegradation time, and biodegradation rate of the detergent were also tested, and the experimental data are recorded in Table 5.
  • Example 10 A1B3
  • Example 14 A3B1
  • Example 19 A4B3
  • Applicants have also tested stabilizers as follows: among the stabilizers B1 and B3 in Example 10 (A1B3), Example 14 (A3B1) and Example 19 (A4B3), which are most effective. After removing any of the components, it was found that due to the deletion of a part of the components, the components of the surfactant in the entire cleaning agent could not be completely integrated, so that the obtained oil had a decomposition rate of less than 50%, which greatly reduced the detergent. Cleaning function.
  • the cleaning agent of the present invention utilizes the synergy between the components, especially the synergistic effect between the three nonionic surfactants, under the strict control of the amount of the surfactant, Excellent cleaning results. It has been experimentally shown that the cleaning agent of the invention can completely decompose the oil into a very small state of 3 to 7 nanometers, making it easy to clean; meanwhile, it has been experimentally shown that the cleaning agent of the invention remaining in the wastewater can be within 48 hours. Natural decomposition, the degree of biodegradation is over 98%, which does not cause environmental damage, greatly reducing the difficulty of subsequent wastewater treatment.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于分解油脂的清洁剂及其制备方法和应用。该清洁剂包括以下组分，以重量百分比计：10～20％的表面活性剂、2～10％的稳定剂及余量为去离子水。所述清洁剂利用各组分间的协同作用，在严格控制表面活性剂用量的情况下，具有清洁效果。

Description

清洁剂及其制备方法和应用 技术领域
本发明涉及清洁剂，特别是涉及一种把矿物油，动植物油，机油等油脂迅速乳化分解并水溶化的清洁剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
清洁剂作为一种去除油脂污渍的试剂，在日常生活中极为常见。
目前市售的清洁剂在清洁时只是作简单的清洁，并不能分解油脂。同时，目前常用的清洁剂含有大量的表面活性剂，不仅危害用户的健康，还对环境造成了不小的负担。例如，在公开号为CN103666839的中国专利中公开了一种清洁剂，该清洁剂包含非离子表面活性剂、两性表面活性剂、双氧水、螯合剂、稳定剂、消泡剂和香精等组份。尽管该清洁剂的清洁效果较为令人满意，但其组份中含有大量的表面活性剂(约占总重量的40％～70％)，这对人体及环境保护(导致下水道阻塞、河道污染)都有极大的危害。经研究表明，该清洁剂的自然分解需要10-20天，且生物降解度为70％-80％。
因此，总结现有清洁剂的缺点如下：
1)不能完全分解油脂，使得即使清洁后，油脂仍残留在表面；
2)清洁剂组份中含有大量的表面活性剂(50％-70％)，对人体及环境保护(导致下水道阻塞、河道污染)都有极大的危害
3)自然分解需要10-20天，且生物降解度为70％-80％；不经降解时间长，降解也不彻底；
4)清洁剂多为强酸或强碱性，易腐蚀物体表面，还会导致人体皮肤粗糙、指甲开裂等；
5)清洁剂易燃，与其他清洁剂混合使用时会存在极大安全隐患。
因此，我们需要一种新的清洁剂，以解决上述问题。
发明内容
本发明的第一个目的是提供一种清洁剂。
本发明的第二个目的是提供上述清洁剂的制备方法。
本发明的第三个目的是提供上述清洁剂在油脂分离中的应用。
为实现上述第一个目的，本发明提供一种清洁剂，用于分解油脂；所述清洁剂包括以下组份：(以重量百分比计)10～20％的表面活性剂，2～10％的稳定剂，余量为去离子水。
在本发明一优选实施例中，所述表面活性剂为非离子型表面活性剂，选自聚氧乙烯烷基醚、脂肪酸链烷醇酰胺或失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯中的一种或几种混合。
在本发明一优选实施例中，所述表面活性剂由聚氧乙烯烷基醚、脂肪酸链烷醇酰胺和失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯组成，所述聚氧乙烯烷基醚、脂肪酸链烷醇酰胺和失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯占所述清洁剂的重量百分比为：3～10％的聚氧乙烯烷基醚、3～10％的脂肪酸链烷醇酰胺和3～10％的失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯。
在本发明一优选实施例中，所述稳定剂为多元醇，选自丙三醇、乙醇或乙二醇中的一种或几种混合。
在本发明一优选实施例中，所述稳定剂由丙三醇和乙醇组成，所述丙三醇和乙醇占所述清洁剂的重量百分比为：1～5％的丙三醇和1～5％的乙醇。
本发明还提供一种上述清洁剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述方法是：向30～50℃的一部分水中分步加入所述表面活性剂和稳定剂，搅拌后再加入30～50℃的余量水，搅拌直至完全反应。
在本发明一优选实施例中，所述表面活性剂由聚氧乙烯烷基醚、脂肪酸链烷醇酰胺和失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯组成，所述聚氧乙烯烷基醚、脂肪酸链烷醇酰胺和失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯占所述清洁剂的重量百分比为：3～10％的聚氧乙烯烷基醚、3～10％的脂肪酸链烷醇酰胺、3～10％的失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯。
在本发明一优选实施例中，所述稳定剂由丙三醇和乙醇组成，所述丙三醇和乙醇占所述清洁剂的重量百分比为：1～5％的丙三醇、1～5％的乙醇。
在本发明一优选实施例中，所述方法包括以下步骤：
步骤1、向30～50℃的去离子水中加入聚氧乙烯烷基醚，搅拌后，再加入脂肪酸链烷醇酰胺并搅拌；
步骤2、同时向步骤1的溶液中加入作为稳定剂的丙三醇及乙醇，搅拌；
步骤3、向步骤2的溶液中加入失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯，搅拌；
步骤4、向步骤3的溶液中加入30～50℃的余量去离子水，搅拌至完全。
本发明还提供上述清洁剂在油脂分解中的应用。上述清洁剂与水形成水溶液后，即可用于油脂分解。或者也可以根据实际需要与其他清洁剂、除油 剂等混合使用。
需要说明的是，在本发明中，如无特殊说明，本发明中所用化学试剂均为市售产品。具体来说，所述聚氧乙烯烷基醚是指聚氧乙烯烷基醚类非离子型表面活性剂，例如但不限于：聚氧乙烯十二烷基醚、聚氧乙烯十六烷基醚等；市售产品例如但不限于上海花王化学有限公司生产的产品EMULGEN系列(EMULGEN 104P、EMULGEN 105、EMULGEN 106、EMULGEN 108、EMULGEN 109P、EMULGEN 120、EMULGEN 123P、EMULGEN 220、EMULGEN 306P、EMULGEN 707、EMULGEN 709)。所述脂肪酸链烷醇酰胺是指由脂肪酸和烷醇胺加热缩合而成的烷醇酰胺型非离子表面活性剂，分子式为RCONHm(C2H4OH)n，其中m＝0,1，n＝1,2；市售产品例如但不限于椰子油脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺、椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺等。
在本发明的清洁剂中含有较少含量的表面活性剂，与现有产品相比大大降低了表面活性剂的使用量，减小了对用户的毒害作用和对环境保护的压力，可以解决下水道堵塞问题，排入河道内也不会对生物产生毒害影响。此外，本发明的清洁剂pH中性，是一种温和的清洗剂，既不会腐蚀物体也不伤手。再者，本发明的清洁剂不可燃，无潜在安全隐患。
本发明的清洁剂，利用各组份间的协同作用，尤其是三种非离子型表面活性剂之间的协同作用，在严格控制表面活性剂用量的情况下，获得了极好的清洁效果。经实验表明，本发明的清洁剂可以将油脂完全分解成3～7纳米的极小状态，使其易于清洁；同时，经实验表明，残余在废水中的本发明之清洁剂可以在48小时以内自然分解，生物降解度高达98％以上，不造成环境破坏，大大降低了后续废水处理的难度。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明做详细的说明，实施例旨在解释而非限定本发明的技术方案。
实施例1～5是本发明所述清洁剂中表面活性剂的配方，各百分含量为各组份占清洁剂总重量的百分比含量。实施例1～5中的表面活性剂的具体配方记载于表格1中。
表1.所述清洁剂中表面活性剂的具体配方
  实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 实施例4 实施例5
表面活性剂 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5
聚氧乙烯烷基醚 5～6 3～4 6～8 8～9 3～5
脂肪酸链烷醇酰胺 3～5 6～7 8～9 6～8 4～6
失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯 7～8 8～9 4～6 3～5 9～10
实施例6～7是本发明所述清洁剂中所述稳定剂的配方，各百分含量为各组份占清洁剂总重量的百分比含量。实施例6～7中的稳定剂的具体配方记载于表格2中。
表2.所述清洁剂中稳定剂的具体配方
  实施例6 实施例7 实施例8
稳定剂 B1 B2 B3
丙三醇 3～4 1～2 3～4
乙醇 1～2 1～2 4～5
以下实施例8～22分别以表面活性剂A1～A5和稳定剂B1～B3制成清洁剂C1～C15(余量为去离子水)，并对制成之清洁剂的油脂分解率、生物降解时间和生物降解率进行测试。其中，用到的油脂为矿物油、动植物油和机油。实验数据记录在表3。
表3.清洁剂配方及实验数据
  清洁剂配方 油脂分解率 生物降解时间(h) 残液中清洁剂含量(％)
实施例8 A1B1 完全分解 28 1.5
实施例9 A1B2 完全分解 34 1.3
实施例10 A1B3 完全分解 32 1.0
实施例11 A2B1 完全分解 30 1.3
实施例12 A2B2 完全分解 35 1.6
实施例13 A2B3 完全分解 32 1.7
实施例14 A3B1 完全分解 42 1.2
实施例15 A3B2 完全分解 38 1.6
实施例16 A3B3 完全分解 45 1.3
实施例17 A4B1 完全分解 42 1.5
实施例18 A4B2 完全分解 45 1.8
实施例19 A4B3 完全分解 40 1.2
实施例20 A5B1 完全分解 36 1.6
实施例21 A5B2 完全分解 40 1.3
实施例22 A5B3 完全分解 45 1.2
由上述实验数据表明，本发明的清洁剂具有良好的油脂分解力及生物降解性。
对比实施例
为了验证本发明之清洁剂的各表面活性剂之间的协同作用，申请人分别将实施例中1～3中的表面活性剂中的一种组份删除，形成表面活性剂A1'、A2'和A3'，具体配方如表4所示。
表4.对比实施例中表面活性剂A1'、A2'和A3'的配方
表面活性剂 A1' A2' A3'
聚氧乙烯烷基醚 5～6 0 6～8
脂肪酸链烷醇酰胺 0 6～7 8～9
失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯 7～8 8～9 0
以上述表面活性剂A1'、A2'和A3'分别配合稳定剂B1、B2、B3，形成对比实施例1～9。然后，同样测试清洁剂的油脂分解率、生物降解时间和生物降解率，实验数据记录在表5。
表5.对比实施例清洁剂配方及实验数据
Figure PCTCN2016104173-appb-000001
由对比实施例1～9可以看出，尽管生物降解时间和残液中残留量有所下降，但缺失组份的清洁剂的清洁能力也大大降低。可见，在最优实施例中，本发明的清洁剂中三种表面活性剂缺一不可。
再者，申请人还对稳定剂进行了测试，测试方法如下：将效果最为明显的实施例10(A1B3)、实施例14(A3B1)和实施例19(A4B3)中的稳定剂B1和B3中的任一组份删除后发现：由于缺失部分一组份，导致整个清洁剂中表面活性剂各组份无法融合完全，使得获得之清洁剂的油脂分解率低于50％，大大降低了清洁剂的清洁功能。
由此可见，本发明的清洁剂利用各组份间的协同作用，尤其是三种非离子型表面活性剂之间的协同作用，在严格控制表面活性剂用量的情况下，获 得了极好的清洁效果。经实验表明，本发明的清洁剂可以将油脂完全分解成3～7纳米的极小状态，使其易于清洁；同时，经实验表明，残余在废水中的本发明之清洁剂可以在48小时以内自然分解，生物降解度高达98％以上，不造成环境破坏，大大降低了后续废水处理的难度。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种清洁剂，用于分解油脂，其特征在于，所述清洁剂包括以下组份：以重量百分比计
    表面活性剂   10～20％
    稳定剂       2～10％
    余量为去离子水。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的清洁剂，其特征在于，所述表面活性剂为非离子型表面活性剂，选自聚氧乙烯烷基醚、脂肪酸链烷醇酰胺或失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯中的一种或几种混合。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的清洁剂，其特征在于，所述表面活性剂由聚氧乙烯烷基醚、脂肪酸链烷醇酰胺和失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯组成，所述聚氧乙烯烷基醚、脂肪酸链烷醇酰胺和失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯占所述清洁剂的重量百分比为：
    聚氧乙烯烷基醚       3～10％；
    脂肪酸链烷醇酰胺     3～10％；
    失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯   3～10％。
  4. 如权利要求1至3中任意一项所述的清洁剂，其特征在于，所述稳定剂为多元醇，选自丙三醇、乙醇或乙二醇中的一种或几种混合。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的清洁剂，其特征在于，所述稳定剂由丙三醇和乙醇组成，所述丙三醇和乙醇占所述清洁剂的重量百分比为：
    丙三醇   1～5％；
    乙醇     1～5％。
  6. 一种权利要求1所述的清洁剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述方法是：向30～50℃的一部分去离子水中分步加入所述表面活性剂和稳定剂，搅拌后再加入30～50℃的余量去离子水，搅拌直至完全反应。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述表面活性剂由聚氧乙烯烷基醚、脂肪酸链烷醇酰胺和失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯组成，所述聚氧乙烯烷基醚、脂肪酸链烷醇酰胺和失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯占所述清洁剂的重量百分比为：
    聚氧乙烯烷基醚       3～10％；
    脂肪酸链烷醇酰胺     3～10％；
    失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯   3～10％。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述稳定剂由丙三醇和乙醇组成，所述丙三醇和乙醇占所述清洁剂的重量百分比为：
    丙三醇   1～5％；
    乙醇     1～5％。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括以下步骤：
    步骤1、向30～50℃的去离子水中加入聚氧乙烯烷基醚，搅拌后，再加入脂肪酸链烷醇酰胺并搅拌；
    步骤2、同时向步骤1的溶液中加入作为稳定剂的丙三醇及乙醇，搅拌；
    步骤3、向步骤2的溶液中加入失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯，搅拌；
    步骤4、向步骤3的溶液中加入30～50℃的余量去离子水，搅拌至完全。
  10. 如权利要求1至5中任意所述清洁剂在油脂分解中的应用。
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