WO2017113197A1 - 硫酸化肝素寡糖及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

硫酸化肝素寡糖及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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WO2017113197A1
WO2017113197A1 PCT/CN2015/099901 CN2015099901W WO2017113197A1 WO 2017113197 A1 WO2017113197 A1 WO 2017113197A1 CN 2015099901 W CN2015099901 W CN 2015099901W WO 2017113197 A1 WO2017113197 A1 WO 2017113197A1
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ns3s6s
heparin
sulfated
oligosaccharide
ns6s
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PCT/CN2015/099901
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李锂
马小来
田方方
杜媛媛
杜宏银
刘亚晗
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深圳市海普瑞药业集团股份有限公司
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Priority to EP15911826.4A priority Critical patent/EP3398971A4/en
Priority to JP2018534943A priority patent/JP6741277B2/ja
Priority to US16/067,492 priority patent/US20190002596A1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2015/099901 priority patent/WO2017113197A1/zh
Publication of WO2017113197A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017113197A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
    • C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
    • C08B37/006—Heteroglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having more than one sugar residue in the main chain in either alternating or less regular sequence; Gellans; Succinoglycans; Arabinogalactans; Tragacanth or gum tragacanth or traganth from Astragalus; Gum Karaya from Sterculia urens; Gum Ghatti from Anogeissus latifolia; Derivatives thereof
    • C08B37/0063—Glycosaminoglycans or mucopolysaccharides, e.g. keratan sulfate; Derivatives thereof, e.g. fucoidan
    • C08B37/0075—Heparin; Heparan sulfate; Derivatives thereof, e.g. heparosan; Purification or extraction methods thereof
    • C08B37/0078—Degradation products
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/715—Polysaccharides, i.e. having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers, esters
    • A61K31/726—Glycosaminoglycans, i.e. mucopolysaccharides
    • A61K31/727—Heparin; Heparan
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A61P35/04—Antineoplastic agents specific for metastasis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
    • C12P19/26—Preparation of nitrogen-containing carbohydrates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Y—ENZYMES
    • C12Y402/00—Carbon-oxygen lyases (4.2)
    • C12Y402/02—Carbon-oxygen lyases (4.2) acting on polysaccharides (4.2.2)
    • C12Y402/02007—Heparin lyase (4.2.2.7), i.e. heparinase I

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of anti-tumor medicines, and relates to a sulfated heparin oligosaccharide and a preparation method and application thereof.
  • ECM extracellular matrix
  • BM basement membrane
  • Heparanase is the only endo- ⁇ -D-glucuronidase that can be found in mammals to cleave heparan sulfate (HS).
  • HPA recognizes the specific structure of HS, does not completely cleave the HS side chain, and only cleaves the glycosidic bond of the HS side chain at some sites, and degrades it into a short sugar chain of 10-15 sugar unit sizes.
  • the HS side chain can bind to many biologically active molecules such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, morphogens, and coagulation proteins.
  • HPA releases active growth factors by degrading HS, which promote tumor angiogenesis, tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. Therefore, HPA plays an important role in the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells, and the research and screening of HPA inhibitors has become a new direction for humans to find potential drugs for cancer treatment.
  • heparin Long-term clinical evidence shows that heparin has anti-tumor function, and in recent years, low molecular weight heparin Anti-tumor is undergoing clinical trials. After long-term research, the anti-tumor effect of heparin has been widely recognized and recognized in the industry. The anti-tumor effect of heparin may be mainly manifested by inhibiting tumor metastasis, and further inhibited the activity of heparanase in vivo.
  • heparin As a traditional anticoagulant, heparin has its main anticoagulant activity, but its structural diversity leads to its various biological activities. In non-anticoagulation applications of heparin, its anticoagulant activity is a common side effect of traditional Chinese medicine. Therefore, the anticoagulant activity of heparin is a major unfavorable factor in its application in anti-tumor metastasis, and it is easy to cause side effects such as bleeding.
  • An important research aspect of the application of heparin in non-anticoagulant activity is to destroy its anticoagulant activity while retaining the basic structure of heparin.
  • the heparanase inhibitory activity of heparin is high, but the inhibitory activity against tumor growth inhibition, tumor cell invasion and adhesion is not significant at the cell level, and the results in the anti-tumor metastatic mice are compared. Poor, can not significantly inhibit the occurrence of tumor metastasis.
  • the main reason may be that the specificity of heparin is not high, and it can interact with a variety of endogenous substances, reducing the ability to bind to heparanase.
  • CN101824100A discloses heparin oligosaccharide dodecamers having the following structural formula:
  • the heptameric oligosaccharide has a use of anti-vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.
  • the oligosaccharides of the invention do not have a significant ability to inhibit tumor cell adhesion and migration.
  • CN 104764847 A discloses a process for the preparation of N-acetylated structural heparin oligosaccharides, in which the following four hexoses and three octasaccharide fragments are disclosed:
  • the invention only solves the problem of difficult preparation and structural determination of the heparin-containing oligosaccharide containing the N-acetylated structure, and does not significantly improve the activity of inhibiting heparanase in vivo.
  • heparin oligosaccharide having an activity of inhibiting heparanase activity in vivo and reducing its anticoagulant activity.
  • the present invention aims to provide a sulfated heparin oligosaccharide and a preparation method and application thereof.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • the present invention provides a sulfated heparin oligosaccharide, the non-reducing end of the sulfated heparin oligosaccharide molecule comprising an unsaturated double bond produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of heparinase, comprising a uronic acid derivative and a sugar amine a derivative having the structure shown in Formula I:
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R a , R b , R c and R d are independently SO 3 — or H;
  • R x ', R y ' and R z ' are independently COCH 3 or SO 3 - and n is 1-3.
  • n is 1-3, that is, 1, 2 or 3.
  • the sulfated heparin oligosaccharide is heparin hexaose sulfate
  • the sulfated heparin oligosaccharide Is heparin sulfate heptasaccharide
  • the sulfated heparin oligosaccharide is heparin sulfate heptasaccharide.
  • the sulfated heparin oligosaccharide of the present invention there is a double bond, so the sulfated heparin oligosaccharide has a strong absorption peak near the ultraviolet region of 232 nm, and can be conveniently used for qualitative and quantitative detection of heparin oligosaccharides.
  • the heparan sulfate oligosaccharide of the invention has good heparanase inhibitory activity and tumor metastasis inhibiting activity, and has a short sugar chain, a small molecular weight, no anticoagulant activity at all, and a sulfated heparin oligosaccharide has high specificity. It can specifically inhibit heparanase and inhibit tumor metastasis.
  • the average number of sulfonic acid groups per disaccharide unit in the formula I is not less than 2, for example, the average number of sulfonic acid groups per disaccharide unit may be 2 , 3, 4 or 5, with an average of no more than 0.5 acetyl groups per disaccharide unit, for example 0.5 or 0.4, averaging glucosamine 6-position and 3- for each disaccharide unit No less than 0.5 sulfonic acid groups, for example, 0.5, 0.8, 1, 1.5 or 2.
  • the number of groups in each disaccharide unit means an average number of sulfonic acid groups in the entire heparin oligosaccharide
  • the number obtained per disaccharide unit for example, if there are 2 acetyl groups in the sulfated heparin octasaccharide, the average number of acetyl groups per each disaccharide unit is 0.5.
  • the uronic acid of formula I is glucuronic acid or iduronic acid.
  • the cation which forms a salt with the carboxyl group and/or sulfonic acid group contained in formula I is selected from the group consisting of Na + , K + or Ca 2+ .
  • the carboxyl group or the sulfonic acid group in glucuronic acid has a negative charge, and therefore it is generally salted with some cations, usually Na + , K + and Ca 2+ .
  • the sulfated heparin oligosaccharide is any one or a combination of at least two of the following structures:
  • ⁇ U I represents ⁇ -L-iduronic acid
  • G represents ⁇ -D-glucuronic acid
  • A represents ⁇ -D-glucosamine.
  • NS represents a sulfonic acid group on the amino group
  • 2S, 3S, 6S or the like represents a sulfonic acid group at the 2-O, 3-O and 6-O positions of the sugar ring.
  • the present invention provides a method for producing a sulfated heparin oligosaccharide according to the first aspect, the method comprising the steps of:
  • the heparin oligosaccharide obtained in the step (1) is sulfated by a sulfating reagent to obtain the sulfated heparin oligosaccharide.
  • the heparinase in the step (1) is heparinase I.
  • a buffer solution preferably a Tris-HCl buffer solution of pH 7.0, is added.
  • the amount of heparinase added in step (1) is 15-25 IU/g heparin, for example 16 IU/g heparin, 16.5 IU/g heparin, 17 IU/g heparin, 17.5 IU/g heparin, 18 IU/g Heparin, 18.5 IU/g heparin, 19 IU/g heparin, 19.5 IU/g heparin, 20 IU/g heparin, 21.5 IU/g heparin, 22 IU/g heparin, 23 IU/g heparin or 24 IU/g heparin, preferably 18-23 IU/ g heparin.
  • the temperature for degrading heparin by heparinase according to step (1) is 4 to 37 ° C, for example, 5 ° C, 8 ° C, 10 ° C, 12 ° C, 15 ° C, 18 ° C, 20 ° C, 22 ° C, 25 ° C 28 ° C, 30 ° C, 32 ° C, 35 ° C or 37 ° C, preferably 8 to 25 ° C.
  • the degradation time in the step (1) is 8 to 24 hours, for example, 9 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 13 hours, 14 hours, 15 hours, 16 hours, 17 hours, 18 hours, 19 hours, 20 hours, 21 hours, 22 hours or 23 hours, preferably 10 to 20 hours.
  • the degradation of heparin by heparinase according to step (1) comprises inactivation at 95 ° C for 5-10 min after degradation, such as 5.5 min, 6 min, 6.5 min, 7 min, 7.5 min, 8 min, 8.5 min, 9 min, 9.5. Min or 9.8 min, preferably 5 to 8 min, further preferably 6 min.
  • the separation in step (1) comprises ultrafiltration, preferably ultrafiltration using a 10 KDa ultrafiltration centrifuge tube.
  • the purification in step (1) is carried out by column chromatography and purification.
  • the heparin oligosaccharide is obtained by separation by column chromatography, concentration, desalting and lyophilization.
  • the heparin oligosaccharide obtained in the step (1) is subjected to a swelling treatment before the sulfation according to the step (2);
  • the solvent used in the swelling treatment is DMF.
  • the sulfating agent in the step (2) is (CH 3 ) 3 N ⁇ SO 3 .
  • the sulfating agent is used in an amount of from 1 to 10 g, such as 1.2 g, 1.5 g, 2 g, 2.5 g, 3 g, 3.5 g, 4 g, 4.5 g, 5 g, 5.5 g, 6 g, 6.5, relative to 1 g of heparin oligosaccharide. g, 7g, 7.5g, 8g, 8.5g, 9g, 9.5g or 9.8g.
  • the temperature of the sulfation in the step (2) is 60 to 120 ° C, for example, 63 ° C, 65 ° C, 70 ° C, 73 ° C, 75 ° C, 78 ° C, 80 ° C, 83 ° C, 85 ° C, 88 ° C, 90 ° C, 93 ° C, 95 ° C, 98 ° C, 100 ° C, 115 ° C, 118 ° C or 120 ° C.
  • the sulfation time in the step (2) is 1 to 12 hours, for example, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 2.3 hours, 2.5 hours, 2.8 hours, 3 hours, 3.5 hours, 4 hours, 4.5 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 10.5 hours, 11 hours or 11.5 hours.
  • the degree of sulfation of the heparin oligosaccharide can be controlled, and heparin oligosaccharides substituted with different degrees of sulfate groups can be obtained.
  • the reaction mixture needs to be post-treated and purified, that is, 10 times of pure water is added to the reaction mixture to dissolve the precipitate, and the mixture is transferred to the cut-off.
  • a dialysis bag having a molecular weight of 100 to 500 Da after three days of dialysis, desalted by a P10 column, concentrated, and then subjected to removal of cationic impurities by a cation exchange column, neutralized with high purity NaOH, KOH or Ca(OH) 2 , concentrated, and then frozen.
  • the corresponding sulfated heparin oligosaccharides can be obtained by dry or ethanol precipitation.
  • the preparation method of the sulfated heparin oligosaccharide of the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • the heparin oligosaccharide obtained in the step (1) is sulfated at 60 to 120 ° C for 1 to 12 hours using a sulfating reagent to obtain the sulfated heparin oligosaccharide.
  • the invention can obtain the sulfated oligosaccharide with different degrees of sulfation by using the preparation method, wherein the sulfated heparin oligosaccharide has a double bond at the non-reducing end of each sugar chain, and the double bond is derived from heparinase enzymatic hydrolysis
  • the oligosaccharide has a strong absorption peak near the ultraviolet region of 232 nm, and can be conveniently used for the qualitative and quantitative detection of heparin oligosaccharides. This double bond does not substantially change during the heparin oligosaccharide sulfation process.
  • Heparin itself does not have a strong characteristic absorption peak, so heparin substances can only be detected by DMB staining, etc., but the method is less sensitive and cannot be applied to complex systems. Therefore, the presence of double bonds greatly facilitates the detection of heparin oligosaccharides and their derivatives, and can also play an important role in the detection of biological metabolic processes.
  • the present invention provides the use of the sulfated heparin oligosaccharide according to the first aspect for the preparation of an anti-tumor metastasis drug.
  • the sulfated heparin oligosaccharide of the invention has good heparanase inhibitory activity and inhibits tumor metastasis Activity, which can be prepared as an antitumor drug or as an antitumor active ingredient to be an antitumor drug for the treatment of tumors, prevention and inhibition of tumor metastasis.
  • heparin hexose, heparin octasaccharide and heparin hexose having different degrees of sulfonation have significant inhibitory activities, and in the case of the same degree of sulfonation, the chain length is different, and the acetyl group is The inhibitory activity of heparinase is also different, and the magnitude of the inhibitory activity is as follows: sulfonated heparin hexasaccharide ⁇ sulfonated heparin decasaccharide ⁇ sulfonated heparin octasaccharide.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the sulfated heparin oligosaccharide of the invention has good heparanase inhibitory activity and tumor metastasis inhibiting activity, and has a short sugar chain, a small molecular weight, no anticoagulant activity at all, no anticoagulant activity and a bleeding risk.
  • the sulfated oligosaccharide with controlled degree of sulfation can be prepared by the preparation method of the invention, and the sulfated heparin oligosaccharide inhibits heparanase activity in vitro, and its activity of inhibiting cell adhesion and migration is higher than that of heparin 4 -5 times, the activity of anti-tumor metastasis in mice is also 2-3 times higher than that of heparin, and has better anti-tumor metastasis effect and higher specificity.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the results of isolating heparin oligosaccharides using a Bio-Gel P-10 (2.5 ⁇ 100 cm) chromatography column according to Example 1 of the present invention
  • Example 2 is a molecular weight distribution diagram of heparin oligosaccharide having an equal polymerization degree obtained in Example 1 of the present invention
  • Example 3 is a total ion chromatogram of UPLC-MS of heparin decasaccharide obtained in Example 1 of the present invention
  • Example 4 is a total ion chromatogram (partial) of UPLC-MS of heparin decasaccharide obtained in Example 1 of the present invention. And the attribution map of the corresponding peak;
  • Figure 5 is the HSQC spectrum of heparin octasaccharide (A) and 40% sulfated heparin octasaccharide (B) and the corresponding one-dimensional hydrogen spectrum ( ⁇ H ppm 6.1 ⁇ 3.165 / ⁇ C ppm 112 ⁇ 52.6);
  • Figure 6 is a graph showing the results of measuring the inhibitory activity of sulfated heparin oligosaccharide on heparanase
  • Figure 7 is a graph showing the results of cell adhesion inhibitory activity of sulfated heparin oligosaccharide on HeLa cells;
  • Fig. 8 is a graph showing the results of cell migration inhibitory activity of sulfated heparin oligosaccharide on HeLa cells.
  • the column volume fraction is obtained as a heparin hexasaccharide mixture, and 1.05 to 1.35 column volumes of the fraction are collected to obtain a heparin octasaccharide mixture, and 0.85 to 1.05 column volumes of the fraction are collected to obtain a heparin decasaccharide mixture, which is collected 0.75 to 0.85 times.
  • the components of the column volume were obtained as a mixture of heparin and dodecose, and after removal of NH 4 HCO 3 by rotary evaporation, lyophilization gave the corresponding heparin oligosaccharide.
  • a Bio-Gel P-10 (2.5 ⁇ 100 cm) column separation diagram of heparin oligosaccharide can be seen from the figure: after separation by P10 column, heparin oligosaccharides are divided according to the molecular weight. Different peaks, oligosaccharides of different degrees of polymerization can be obtained by collecting the components at the peaks.
  • Figure 2 is a molecular weight distribution diagram of the isothermic heparin oligosaccharide, which can be seen from the figure.
  • the molecular weight distribution of the oligosaccharide is sharp and symmetrical, indicating that the molecular weight distribution of the oligosaccharide is narrow, and the molecular weight distribution is from twelve to four sugars. Gradually lower, indicating that the quality of the oligosaccharide meets the requirements.
  • FIG. 3 is a total ion current mass spectrum of UPLC-MS of heparin decasaccharide obtained in the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a total ion current diagram of heparin decasaccharide.
  • ⁇ Ux, y, z specific values of x, y, z have been given in the figure
  • x represents the number of saccharide units in the oligosaccharide chain
  • y represents the total oligosaccharide chain
  • the number of sulfonic acid groups, z represents the total number of acetyl groups in the oligosaccharide chain
  • LR represents the binding region. It can be seen from the structure of Fig. 4 that most of the oligosaccharides in heparin decasaccharides are heparin decasaccharides, and only a small portion is highly sulfated heparin octasaccharide. The above characterization results indicate that the oligosaccharide preparation is successful and the purity meets the requirements.
  • the heparin oligosaccharide having the degree of sulfation can be controlled by adjusting the amount of (CH 3 ) 3 N ⁇ SO 3 in the reaction raw material as well as the reaction temperature and reaction time as shown in Table 1 with respect to 0.54 g of the heparin octasaccharide raw material. .
  • heparin oligosaccharides having a corresponding degree of sulfation can be obtained by the following reaction conditions and adjustment of the amount of feed:
  • the amount of (CH 3 ) 3 N ⁇ SO 3 was adjusted to 1.67 g, the reaction temperature was adjusted to 90 ° C, the reaction time was adjusted to 4 h, and the rest of the operations were the same, and 40% sulfated heparin octasaccharide was obtained.
  • the amount of (CH 3 ) 3 N ⁇ SO 3 was adjusted to 3.34 g, the reaction temperature was adjusted to 90 ° C, the reaction time was adjusted to 6 h, and the rest of the operations were the same, and 60% sulfated heparin octasaccharide was obtained.
  • the amount of (CH 3 ) 3 N ⁇ SO 3 was adjusted to 5.01 g, the reaction temperature was adjusted to 100 ° C, the reaction time was adjusted to 8 h, and the rest of the operations were the same, and 80% sulfated heparin octasaccharide was obtained.
  • Figure 5 shows the HSQ C spectrum of heparin octasaccharide (A) and 40% sulfated heparin octasaccharide (B) and the corresponding one-dimensional hydrogen spectrum ( ⁇ H ppm 6.1 to 3.165/ ⁇ C ppm 112 to 52.6). It can be seen that after the sulfation reaction, the signal peak of heparin octasaccharide changed significantly, and a lot of new signals appeared, indicating that the structure in which natural heparin does not exist appeared, which is consistent with the expectation of sulfation derived.
  • the reaction solution of the experimental group consisted of 40 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.0) and 100 mM sodium fondaparin, and a specific concentration of sulfated heparin octasaccharide.
  • the reaction solution of the control group was combined with sulfated heparin octasaccharide. The same concentration of SST0001 control was substituted for sulfated heparin octasaccharide.
  • 100 ⁇ L of the reaction solution of the experimental group or the control group was added to each well of a 96-well plate, and then heparanase was added to start the reaction, and the final concentration of heparanase was 140 pM.
  • the 96-well plate was sealed with a tape and incubated at 37 ° C for 2-24 h. After completion of the reaction, the reaction was terminated by adding 100 ⁇ L of a 0.1 M NaOH solution containing 1.69 mM WST-1. The 96-well plate was sealed again and incubated at 60 ° C for 60 min. After cooling to room temperature, the absorbance value at 584 nm was measured. Calculate the inhibition rate of the drug as follows:
  • Inhibition rate (1 - sample absorbance value / control absorbance value) ⁇ 100%
  • the inhibitory activity of heparanase detected by sulfated heparin oligosaccharide is shown in Fig. 6.
  • 40% sulfated heparin octasaccharide (Hep8-40%) is heparanase.
  • the semi-inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 43 ng/mL
  • the half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 60% sulfated heparin octasaccharide (Hep8-60%) to heparanase was 57 ng/mL.
  • Example 4 Cell adhesion assay of 20% and 60% sulfated heparin octasaccharide
  • the cell adhesion of 20% and 60% sulfated heparin octasaccharide was determined using the following method:
  • Coating basement membrane Two kinds of solutions were prepared separately from sterile distilled water: 10 g/L BSA (1%), 50 mg/L Matrigel, 1:8 dilution; Matrigel was added to 96-well culture at 50 ⁇ L/well. Plate, overnight at 4 ° C;
  • Hydration basement membrane aspirate residual liquid in the culture plate, add 50 ⁇ L of 10 g/L BSA per well Serum-free medium, 37 ° C, 30 min;
  • Cultured cells cultured in a carbon dioxide incubator at 37 ° C for 1 h, discard the culture solution of each well, rinse once with PBS, then add 200 ⁇ L of fresh medium to each well, observe and photograph;
  • Inhibition rate (1 - absorbance in the treatment group / absorbance in the control group) ⁇ 100%
  • the inhibition rate of Heparin adhesion to HeLa cells was 8.3%, and the inhibition rate of 20% sulfated heparin octasaccharide (Hep8-20%) on HeLa cell adhesion was 45.3%, 60%.
  • the inhibition rate of sulfated heparin octasaccharide (Hep8-60%) on HeLa cell adhesion was 37.9%.
  • Example 5 Cell migration assay of 40% and 60% sulfated heparin octasaccharide
  • cell migration of 40% and 60% sulfated heparin octasaccharide was determined by the following method:
  • the chamber was transferred to another 24-well plate containing 400 ⁇ L of cell stain, and the cells were stained for 10 minutes at room temperature.
  • Transfer rate absorbance of the treatment group / absorbance of the control group ⁇ 100%
  • Inhibition rate [1 - (treatment group adhesion rate / control adhesion rate)] ⁇ 100%
  • the cell adhesion results were measured as shown in Fig. 7, indicating Heparin to HeLa.
  • the inhibition rate of cell migration was 12.6%
  • the inhibition rate of HeLa cell migration by 40% sulfated heparin octasaccharide (Hep8-40%) was 57.3%
  • 60% sulfated heparin octasaccharide (Hep8-60%) was 43.5%.
  • the antitumor metastasis of 40% and 60% sulfated heparin octasaccharide was determined by the following method:
  • B16-BL6 mouse melanoma cells (2 ⁇ 105) were injected into C57BL/6 mice through the tail vein, and the mice were divided into control group (no heparin oligosaccharide, PBS as control) and experimental group (add 40 % sulfated heparin octasaccharide, 200 ⁇ g per mouse), 10 mice per group. Three weeks later, the mice were dissected, and the lungs of the mice were fixed in Bouin solution, and the number of tumors in the lungs of the mice was calculated.
  • the anti-tumor metastasis results were as shown in Fig. 8.
  • the inhibitory rate of heparin on tumor metastasis in mice was 17.3%, and 40% sulfated heparin octasaccharide (Hep8-40). %)
  • the inhibition rate of tumor metastasis in mice was 65.1%, and the inhibition rate of tumor metastasis in mice by 60% sulfated heparin octasaccharide (Hep8-60%) was 56.2%.
  • the present invention illustrates the sulfated heparin oligosaccharide of the present invention and the preparation method and application thereof by the above examples, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, that is, it does not mean that the present invention must be implemented by relying on the above embodiments. . It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that any modifications of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of the materials selected for the present invention, and the addition of the auxiliary ingredients, the selection of the specific means, etc., are all within the scope of the present invention.

Abstract

一种硫酸化肝素寡糖及其制备方法和应用，其特征在于，所述硫酸化肝素寡糖分子的非还原端含有由肝素酶酶解产生的不饱和双键，含有糖醛酸衍生物和糖胺衍生物，其具有式I所示结构，其中，R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4、R 5、R 6、R 7、R 8、R 9、R a、R b、R c和R d独立地为SO 3 -或H；R x'、R y'和R z'独立地为COCH 3或SO 3 -，n为1-3。所述制备方法制备得到硫酸化程度可控的硫酸化寡糖，其体外抑制乙酰肝素酶活性高，抑制细胞粘附和迁移的活性高出肝素4-5倍，小鼠体内抗肿瘤转移的活性高出肝素2-3倍，具有较好的抗肿瘤转移效果和较高的特异性。

Description

[根据细则37.2由ISA制定的发明名称]　硫酸化肝素寡糖及其制备方法和应用 技术领域
本发明属于抗肿瘤药物领域，涉及一种硫酸化肝素寡糖及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
肿瘤是人类健康的重大威胁，更严重的是，肝癌、肺癌等恶性肿瘤易发生转移，目前尚无抑制肿瘤转移的药物，导致肿瘤转移治疗困难，使肿瘤转移成为肿瘤患者死亡的最重要原因。肿瘤细胞要实现侵袭和迁移，有两个过程非常关键：一是突破由细胞外基质(extracellular matrix，ECM)和基膜(basement membrane，BM)构成的屏障，二是形成新生血管。ECM和BM是肿瘤细胞侵袭及转移的屏障，恶性肿瘤细胞要实现扩散和转移，必须穿过ECM及BM进入循环。在这个过程中ECM各种成分和硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖(heparan sulfate proteoglycans，HSPGs)的降解必不可少。乙酰肝素酶(heparanase，HPA)是目前发现的哺乳动物体内唯一能切割硫酸乙酰肝素(heparan sulfate，HS)的内切-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸酶。HPA识别HS的特异结构，不完全切割HS侧链，只在某些位点切割HS侧链的糖苷键，将其降解为10-15个糖单位大小的短糖链。另外，HS侧链可以结合很多生物活性分子如生长因子、细胞因子、趋化因子、成形素和凝血蛋白等。HPA通过降解HS释放活性生长因子，这些生长因子能促进肿瘤血管生成、肿瘤生长、侵袭和转移。因此，HPA对肿瘤细胞的侵袭和转移具有重要作用，而HPA抑制剂的研究和筛选已成为人类寻找癌症治疗潜在药物的新方向。
长期以来的临床证据显示肝素具有抗肿瘤功能，且近年来低分子肝素辅助 抗肿瘤正在开展临床试验。经过长期的研究，肝素的抗肿瘤作用在业界已得到普遍的认识和认可，肝素的抗肿瘤可能主要是通过抑制肿瘤转移进行体现，更进一步体现为抑制体内乙酰肝素酶的活性。
肝素作为传统抗凝血药，其抗凝血活性是主要用途，但其结构的多样性导致其具有多种生物活性。在肝素的非抗凝应用中，其抗凝血活性是常见的和中药的副作用。因此，肝素的抗凝活性是其抗肿瘤转移方面应用的一个重大不利因素，容易引起出血等副作用。肝素的非抗凝活性应用中一个重要的研究方面就是在保留肝素基本结构的基础上，破坏其抗凝血活性。在抗肿瘤转移方面，肝素的乙酰肝素酶抑制活性较高高，但细胞层次上对肿瘤生长抑制、肿瘤细胞侵袭和粘附的抑制活性都不显著，在抗肿瘤转移小鼠实验中结果较差，不能显著的抑制肿瘤转移的发生。其中主要的原因可能是肝素的特异性不高，可以和多种内源性物质发生作用，降低了与乙酰肝素酶结合的能力。
CN101824100A公开了具有如下结构式的肝素寡糖十二聚体：
Figure PCTCN2015099901-appb-000001
该肝素寡糖时十二聚体具有抗血管平滑肌细胞增殖的用途。但是该发明的寡糖并不具有显著的抑制肿瘤细胞粘附和迁移的能力。
CN 104764847A公开了含N-乙酰化结构肝素寡糖的制备方法，在该对比文件中公开了以下4种六糖和3种八糖片段：
dp6aΔHexA-GlcNS-HexA-GlcNS-HexA2S-GlcNS6S；
dp6bΔHexA2S-GlcNS6S-HexA2S-GlcNAc-HexA 2S-GlcNS6S；
dp6cΔHexA-GlcNS6S-HexA-GlcNAc6S-HexA2S-GlcNS6S；
dp6dΔHexA-GlcNS6S-HexA 2S-GlcNAc6S-HexA 2S-GlcNS6S；
dp8aΔHexA2S-GlcNS-[HexA2S-GlcNAc-HexA-GlcNS]-HexA2S-GlcNS6S；
dp8bΔHexA2S-GlcNS6S-[HexA2S-GlcNAc-HexA-GlcNS]-HexA2S-GlcNS6S；
dp8cΔHexA2S-GlcNS6S-[HexA 2S-GlcNAc-HexA-GlcNAc6S]-HexA 2S-GlcNS6S；
该发明仅是解决了含N-乙酰化结构肝素寡糖难制备以及结构测定问题，在抑制体内乙酰肝素酶的活性方面并无显著改善。
因此，在本领域中，期望能够得到一种具有抑制体内乙酰肝素酶活性，并能降低其抗凝血活性的肝素寡糖。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种硫酸化肝素寡糖及其制备方法和应用。
为达到此发明目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
第一方面，本发明提供一种硫酸化肝素寡糖，所述硫酸化肝素寡糖分子的非还原端含有由肝素酶酶解产生的不饱和双键，含有糖醛酸衍生物和糖胺衍生物，其具有式I所示结构：
Figure PCTCN2015099901-appb-000002
式I
其中，R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、Ra、Rb、Rc和Rd独立地为SO3 -或H；Rx′、Ry′和Rz′独立地为COCH3或SO3 -，n为1-3。
在本发明中n为1-3，即为1、2或3，当n＝1时，所述硫酸化肝素寡糖为硫酸肝素六糖，当n＝2时，所述硫酸化肝素寡糖为硫酸肝素八糖，当n＝3时，所 述硫酸化肝素寡糖为硫酸肝素十糖。
在本发明硫酸化肝素寡糖的结构中有双键，所以该硫酸化肝素寡糖在紫外区232nm附近有较强的吸收峰，可以非常方便的用于肝素寡糖的定性和定量检测。
本发明的硫酸肝素寡糖具有良好的乙酰肝素酶抑制活性和抑制肿瘤转移活性，其糖链较短，分子量小，完全没有抗凝血活性，同时硫酸化肝素寡糖具有较高的特异性，能特异性的抑制乙酰肝素酶，抑制肿瘤转移。
在本发明所述的硫酸化肝素寡糖中，式I中平均每个双糖单元中磺酸基个数不少于2个，例如平均每个双糖单元中磺酸基个数可以为2个、3个、4个或5个，平均每个双糖单元中乙酰基不多于0.5个，例如可以是0.5个或0.4个，平均每个双糖单元的葡萄糖胺6-位和3-位磺酸基都不少于0.5个，例如可以是0.5个、0.8个、1个、1.5个或2个。
所述每个双糖单元中基团(例如磺酸基、乙酰基或葡萄糖胺6-位和3-位磺酸基)的个数是指以整个肝素寡糖中磺酸基的个数平均到每个双糖单元所得到的个数，例如如果硫酸化肝素八糖中有共有2个乙酰基，则平均到每个双糖单元中乙酰基的数量为0.5个。
优选地，式I中糖醛酸为葡萄糖醛酸或艾杜糖醛酸。
优选地，与式I中所含羧基和/或磺酸基成盐的阳离子选自Na+、K+或Ca2+。
上述结构式中，葡萄糖醛酸中的羧基或者磺酸基都带有负电荷，因此一般要与一些阳离子成盐，通常是Na+、K+和Ca2+。
优选地，所述硫酸化肝素寡糖为具有以下结构的化合物中的任意一种或至少两种的组合：
DP6肝素六糖衍生物：
ΔU3S-ANS3S-I-ANS3S-G3S-ANS3S6S
ΔU3S-ANS-I3S-ANS3S-G3S-ANS3S6S
ΔU2S3S-ANS3S6S-I3S-ANS3S-G2S3S-ANS3S6S
ΔU2S3S-ANS3S6S-I3S-ANS3S6S-G3S-ANS3S6S
ΔU2S3S-ANS3S6S-I3S-ANS3S6S-G2S3S-ANS3S6S
ΔU2S3S-ANS3S6S-I2S3S-ANS3S6S-G2S3S-ANS3S6S
DP8肝素八糖衍生物：
ΔU3S-ANS3S-I-ANS3S-I3s-ANS6S-G3S-ANS3S6S
ΔU3S-ANS-I3S-ANS3S-I3S-ANS6S-G3S-ANS3S6S
ΔU2S3S-ANS3S6S-I3S-ANS3S-I3S-ANS6S-G2S3S-ANS3S6S
ΔU2S3S-ANS3S6S-I3S-ANS3S6S-I3S-ANS6S-G3S-ANS3S6S
ΔU2S3S-ANS3S6S-I3S-ANS3S6S-I3S-ANS6S-G2S3S-ANS3S6S
ΔU2S3S-ANS3S6S-I2S3S-ANS3S6S-I2S3S-ANS6S-G2S3S-ANS3S6S
DP10肝素十糖衍生物：
ΔU3S-ANS3S-I-ANS3S-I-ANS6S-I-ANS6S-G3S-ANS3S6S
ΔU3S-ANS-ISS-ANS3S-I3S-ANS6S-I3S-ANS6S-G3S-ANS3S6S
ΔU2S3S-ANS3S6S-I3S-ANS3S-I3S-ANS6S-I3S-ANS6S-G3S-ANS3S6S
ΔU2S3S-ANS3S6S-I3S-ANS3S6S-I3S-ANS6S-I3S-ANS6S-G2S3S-ANS3S6S
ΔU2S3S-ANS3S6S-I2S3S-ANS3S6S-I2S3S-ANS6S-I2S3S-ANS6S-G2S3S-ANS3S6S
ΔU2S3S-ANS3S6S-I2S3S-ANS3S6S-I2S3S-ANS3S6S-I2S3S-ANS3S6S-G2S3S-ANS3S6S
以上结构中，ΔU表示
Figure PCTCN2015099901-appb-000003
I表示α-L-艾杜糖醛酸，G代表β-D-葡萄糖醛酸，A代表α-D-葡萄糖胺。NS表示氨基上的磺酸基，2S、3S、6S等表示糖环的2-O，3-O和6-O位置的磺酸基。
第二方面，本发明提供了如第一方面所述的硫酸化肝素寡糖的制备方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
(1)利用肝素酶降解肝素，分离、纯化得到肝素寡糖；
(2)利用硫酸化试剂对步骤(1)得到的肝素寡糖进行硫酸化，得到所述硫酸化肝素寡糖。
在本发明所述硫酸化肝素寡糖的制备方法中，步骤(1)所述肝素酶为肝素酶I。
在本发明所述硫酸化肝素寡糖的制备方法中，步骤(1)所述利用肝素酶降解肝素时需加入缓冲液，优选为pH7.0的Tris-HCl缓冲液。
优选地，步骤(1)所述肝素酶的加酶量为15～25IU/g肝素，例如16IU/g肝素、16.5IU/g肝素、17IU/g肝素、17.5IU/g肝素、18IU/g肝素、18.5IU/g肝素、19IU/g肝素、19.5IU/g肝素、20IU/g肝素、21.5IU/g肝素、22IU/g肝素、23IU/g肝素或24IU/g肝素，优选18～23IU/g肝素。
优选地，步骤(1)所述利用肝素酶降解肝素的温度为4～37℃，例如5℃、8℃、10℃、12℃、15℃、18℃、20℃、22℃、25℃、28℃、30℃、32℃、35℃或37℃，优选为8～25℃。
优选地，步骤(1)所述降解的时间为8～24小时，例如9小时、10小时、11小时、12小时、13小时、14小时、15小时、16小时、17小时、18小时、 19小时、20小时、21小时、22小时或23小时，优选为10～20小时。
优选地，步骤(1)所述利用肝素酶降解肝素包括在降解之后于95℃灭活5～10min，例如5.5min、6min、6.5min、7min、7.5min、8min、8.5min、9min、9.5min或9.8min，优选为5～8min，进一步优选为6min。
优选地，步骤(1)所述分离包括超滤，优选为利用10KDa超滤离心管进行超滤。
优选地，步骤(1)所述纯化为利用柱层析法分离提纯。
利用柱层析法分离后经过浓缩、脱盐和冻干等过程获得肝素寡糖。
在本发明所述硫酸化肝素寡糖的制备方法中，在步骤(2)所述硫酸化之前包括将步骤(1)得到的肝素寡糖进行溶胀处理；
优选地，所述溶胀处理使用的溶剂为DMF。
优选地，步骤(2)所述硫酸化试剂为(CH3)3N·SO3。
优选地，相对于1g肝素寡糖，硫酸化试剂的用量为1～10g，例如1.2g、1.5g、2g、2.5g、3g、3.5g、4g、4.5g、5g、5.5g、6g、6.5g、7g、7.5g、8g、8.5g、9g、9.5g或9.8g。
优选地，步骤(2)所述硫酸化的温度为60～120℃，例如63℃、65℃、70℃、73℃、75℃、78℃、80℃、83℃、85℃、88℃、90℃、93℃、95℃、98℃、100℃、115℃、118℃或120℃。
优选地，步骤(2)所述硫酸化的时间为1～12小时，例如1.5小时、2小时、2.3小时、2.5小时、2.8小时、3小时、3.5小时、4小时、4.5小时、5小时、6小时、7小时、8小时、9小时、10小时、10.5小时、11小时或11.5小时。
在本发明中，通过控制肝素寡糖与硫酸化试剂的比例、反应温度和反应时间，可以控制肝素寡糖的硫酸化程度，得到不同程度硫酸基取代的肝素寡糖。
在本发明中，硫酸化试剂对步骤(1)得到的肝素寡糖进行硫酸化后，需要对反应混合物进行后处理和纯化，即向反应混合物中加入10倍体积纯水溶解沉淀，转入截留分子量为100～500Da的透析袋，透析三天后，利用P10柱脱盐，浓缩后，利用阳离子交换柱除去阳离子杂质，用高纯NaOH、KOH或Ca(OH)2等中和酸性，浓缩后经过冻干或乙醇沉淀可以得到相应的硫酸化肝素寡糖。
作为本发明的优选技术方案，本发明所述硫酸化肝素寡糖的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)利用肝素酶I于4～37℃下降解肝素8～24h，加酶量为15～25IU/g肝素，所用缓冲液为pH7.0的Tris-HCl缓冲液，降解之后于95℃灭活5～10min，利用10KDa超滤离心管进行超滤分离、而后利用柱层析法分离提纯得到肝素寡糖；
(2)利用硫酸化试剂在60～120℃下对步骤(1)得到的肝素寡糖进行硫酸化1～12小时，得到所述硫酸化肝素寡糖。
本发明利用所述制备方法可以得到硫酸化程度不同的硫酸化寡糖，所述硫酸化肝素寡糖中每个糖链的非还原端有一个双键，该双键来源于肝素酶酶解构成中的消除反应，由于结构中有双键，所以寡糖在紫外区232nm附近有较强的吸收峰，可以非常方便的用于肝素寡糖的定性和定量检测。该双键在肝素寡糖硫酸化过程中基本不发生变化。肝素本身没有强的特征吸收峰，因此肝素类物质只能采用DMB染色法等进行检测，但该方法灵敏度较低，且不能适用于复杂体系。因此双键的存在，极大方便了肝素寡糖及其衍生物的检测，在生物代谢过程的检测中也可以发挥重要作用。
第三方面，本发明提供了如第一方面所述的硫酸化肝素寡糖在制备抗肿瘤转移药物中的应用。
本发明的硫酸化肝素寡糖具有良好的乙酰肝素酶抑制活性和抑制肿瘤转移 活性，其可以作为抗肿瘤药物或者作为抗肿瘤活性成分制备成为抗肿瘤药物，以用于肿瘤的治疗，预防和抑制肿瘤的转移。
在本发明的硫酸化肝素寡糖中，不同程度磺酸化的肝素六糖、肝素八糖和肝素十糖都有显著的抑制活性，在磺酸化程度相同的情况下，链长不同，其对乙酰肝素酶的抑制活性也会有所不同，抑制活性的大小表现为：磺酸化肝素六糖＜磺酸化肝素十糖＜磺酸化肝素八糖。在链长相同的情况下，不同程度硫酸化的肝素寡糖对乙酰肝素酶的抑制活性也有所不同，表现为：低度硫酸化(10-40％)肝素寡糖＜高度硫酸化(60-90％)肝素寡糖＜中度硫酸化(40-60％)肝素寡糖。在硫酸化肝素寡糖的结构上，糖胺6-位磺酸化和糖胺3-位磺酸化对乙酰肝素酶抑制活性贡献较大。
相对于现有技术，本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明的硫酸化肝素寡糖具有良好的乙酰肝素酶抑制活性和抑制肿瘤转移活性，其糖链较短，分子量小，完全没有抗凝血活性，无抗凝活性和出血风险。通过本发明的制备方法可以制备得到硫酸化程度可控的硫酸化寡糖，该硫酸化肝素寡糖的体外抑制乙酰肝素酶活性很高，其抑制细胞粘附和迁移的活性高出肝素4-5倍，小鼠体内抗肿瘤转移的活性也比肝素高2-3倍，具有较好的抗肿瘤转移效果和较高的特异性。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1利用Bio-Gel P-10(2.5×100cm)层析柱分离肝素寡糖的结果图；
图2为本发明实施例1得到的等聚合度的肝素寡糖的分子量分布图；
图3为本发明实施例1得到的肝素十糖的UPLC-MS的总离子流图；
图4为本发明实施例1得到的肝素十糖的UPLC-MS的总离子流图(局部) 及对应峰的归属图；
图5为肝素八糖(A)与40％硫酸化的肝素八糖(B)的HSQC谱及对应的一维氢谱图(δHppm 6.1～3.165/δC ppm 112～52.6)；
图6为硫酸化的肝素寡糖对乙酰肝素酶抑制活性测定结果图；
图7为硫酸化的肝素寡糖对HeLa细胞的细胞粘附抑制活性结果图；
图8为硫酸化的肝素寡糖对HeLa细胞的细胞迁移抑制活性结果图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。本领域技术人员应该明了，所述实施例仅仅是帮助理解本发明，不应视为对本发明的具体限制。
实施例1肝素寡糖的制备
取肝素24g，加入240mL的Tris-HCl缓冲溶液，搅拌溶解，加入480IU的肝素酶I，搅拌均匀后，置于10℃环境下酶解反应16h。反应完成后，将反应混合物加热至95℃灭活6min，10KDa超滤离心管超滤。滤液用Bio-Gel P-10(2.5×100cm)层析柱分离，0.2M的NH4HCO3作为洗脱液，收集1.75～2.15倍柱体积的组分得到肝素四糖混合物，收集1.35～1.75倍柱体积的组分得到肝素六糖混合物，收集1.05～1.35倍柱体积的组分得到肝素八糖糖混合物，收集0.85～1.05倍柱体积的组分得到肝素十糖混合物，收集0.75～0.85倍柱体积的组分得到肝素十二糖混合物，旋转蒸发除去NH4HCO3后，冻干得到相应肝素寡糖。
如图1所示，为肝素寡糖的Bio-Gel P-10(2.5×100cm)层析柱分离图，由图可以看出：通过P10柱进行分离后，肝素寡糖根据分子量的不同分成了不同的峰，通过收集峰尖处组分可以获得不同聚合度的寡糖。
图2为等到的等聚合度肝素寡糖的分子量分布图，由图可以看出：寡糖分子量分布峰尖而对称，说明寡糖分子量分布范围较窄，同时分子量分布从十二糖到四糖逐渐降低，说明寡糖质量符合要求。
肝素寡糖的结构利用UPLC-MS等方式进行了表征确认，例如，图3为本发明得到的肝素十糖的UPLC-MS的总离子流质谱图，图4为肝素十糖的总离子流图中对应峰的归属图，其中，ΔUx，y，z(图中已经给出了具体的x、y、z的值)中x代表寡糖链中糖单元数，y代表寡糖链中总的磺酸基数目，z表示寡糖链中总的乙酰基数目；LR代表结合区域。由图4结构归属可以看出，其中肝素十糖中绝大多数寡糖都是肝素十糖，仅有少部分是高度硫酸化的肝素八糖。以上表征结果说明寡糖制备是成功的，纯度满足要求。
实施例2 20％～80％硫酸化的肝素八糖的制备
称取0.54g肝素八糖原料，转移至反应瓶中，加入25mL无水DMF，搅拌溶解。称取0.86g(CH3)3N·SO3，在搅拌下逐渐加入上述溶液中，搅拌10min。塞好瓶盖，将反应瓶置于80℃油浴中搅拌反应4h。停止反应后，自然冷却至室温。将固体以90mL纯水溶解，用2M NaOH调节pH至接近中性。将溶液转移至截留分子量为100～500Da的透析袋中，透析三天后，以BaCl2检验透析液中是否存在大量硫酸根。若没有，则先以2M NaOH调节pH至中性，在旋转蒸发仪上浓缩至10mL左右。上P2柱，以纯水洗脱，以部分收集器收集洗脱液。测定232nm吸光度，确定肝素八糖衍生物的位置，以BaCl2检验收集液是否存在大量硫酸根，收集无盐部分的肝素八糖硫酸化衍生物。浓缩至10mL左右，上Dowex阳离子交换柱，纯水洗脱，以部分收集器收集洗脱液测定232nm吸光度，确定肝素八糖衍生物的位置，收集含肝素八糖衍生物组分，小心的用0.1M的高纯NaOH溶 液调节pH至7.0后，浓缩冻干即可得到20％硫酸化的肝素八糖。
相对于0.54g肝素八糖原料，通过如表1中所示调节反应原料中(CH3)3N·SO3的投料量以及反应温度和反应时间可以控制得到所述硫酸化程度的肝素寡糖。
表1
Figure PCTCN2015099901-appb-000004
例如可以通过以下反应条件以及投料量的调整获得相应硫酸化程度的肝素寡糖：
将(CH3)3N·SO3的量调整为1.67g，反应温度调整为90℃，反应时间调整为4h，其余操作均相同，可制得40％硫酸化的肝素八糖。
将(CH3)3N·SO3的量调整为3.34g，反应温度调整为90℃，反应时间调整为6h，其余操作均相同，可制得60％硫酸化的肝素八糖。
将(CH3)3N·SO3的量调整为5.01g，反应温度调整为100℃，反应时间调整为8h，其余操作均相同，可制得80％硫酸化的肝素八糖。
图5为肝素八糖(A)与40％硫酸化的肝素八糖(B)的HSQ C谱及对应的一维氢谱图(δH ppm 6.1～3.165/δC ppm 112～52.6)，由图可以看出，硫酸化反应后，肝素八糖的信号峰发生了显著变化，出现了很多的新信号，说明出现了天然肝素不存在的结构，与硫酸化衍生的预期是一致的。
实施例3 40％和60％硫酸化的肝素八糖的乙酰肝素酶抑制活性
采用文献[Hammond E，Li CP，Ferro V.Development of a colorimetric assay for heparanase activity suitable for kinetic analysis and inhibitor screening.Anal. Biochem.2011；396：112-116]中所述方法，测定硫酸化肝素寡糖的乙酰肝素酶抑制活性，即具体实验操作如下：
实验组的反应液由40mM的乙酸钠缓冲液(pH5.0)和100mM的磺达肝癸钠，以及特定浓度的硫酸化肝素八糖组成，对照组的反应液中以与硫酸化肝素八糖同样浓度的SST0001对照品替代硫酸化肝素八糖。向96孔板中各孔加入100μL实验组或对照组的反应液，然后分别加入乙酰肝素酶开始反应，乙酰肝素酶的终浓度为140pM。将96孔板用胶带密封后在37℃下孵育2-24h，完成反应后，加入100μL含有1.69mM WST-1的0.1M NaOH溶液终止反应。将96孔板再次密封后于60℃孵育60min。冷却至室温后，测定584nm吸光度值。按照如下方法计算药物的抑制率：
抑制率＝(1-样品吸光度值/对照组吸光度值)×100％
根据以上方法，测得硫酸化肝素寡糖的对乙酰肝素酶的抑制活性如图6所示，由图可见，40％硫酸化的肝素八糖(Hep8-40％)对乙酰肝素酶的半抑制浓度(IC50)为43ng/mL，60％硫酸化的肝素八糖(Hep8-60％)对乙酰肝素酶的半抑制浓度(IC50)为57ng/mL。
实施例4 20％和60％硫酸化的肝素八糖的细胞粘附测定
在本实施例中，应用以下方法测定20％和60％硫酸化的肝素八糖的细胞粘附性：
(1)包被基底膜：用灭菌二蒸水分别配制2种溶液：10g/L BSA(1％)，50mg/L Matrigel，1∶8稀释液；Matrigel以50μL/孔分别加入96孔培养板，4℃过夜；
(2)水化基底膜：吸出培养板中残余液体，每孔加入50μL含10g/L BSA 的无血清培养液，37℃，30min；
(3)细胞的准备：取正常培养的HeLa细胞，PBS清洗三次后，将细胞分对照组(不添加药物，仅添加相应体积的PBS)和实验组(添加肝素和硫酸化肝素八糖，浓度均为62.5μg/mL)，培养24h。
(4)接种细胞：取正常培养或步骤(3)中肝素/HS寡糖的衍生物处理24h的肿瘤细胞，PBS清洗三次后加入0.5mL胰酶消化。严密关注消化情况，消化完成后，加5mL培养基充分吹打，使细胞分散成单细胞悬液。计数，根据计数结果调整细胞悬液浓度，使细胞密度为105个细胞/mL，每孔100μL细胞悬液接种于包被Matrigel的96孔培养板中，每组平行3个样本；
(5)培养细胞：37℃二氧化碳培养箱培养1h，弃去各孔培养液，用PBS冲洗1次，之后每孔加入200μL新鲜培养基，观察并照相；
(6)检测：每孔加入10μLCCK-8染料溶液，37℃二氧化碳培养箱培养3h后，多功能酶标仪读数，以肝素对照组为参照，按下述公式计算抑制率。
抑制率＝(1-处理组吸光值/对照组吸光)×100％
根据以上方法，测得肝素(Heparin)对HeLa细胞粘附的抑制率为8.3％，20％硫酸化的肝素八糖(Hep8-20％)对HeLa细胞粘附的抑制率为45.3％，60％硫酸化的肝素八糖(Hep8-60％)对HeLa细胞粘附的抑制率为37.9％。
实施例5 40％和60％硫酸化的肝素八糖的细胞迁移测定
在本实施例中，通过以下方法测定40％和60％硫酸化的肝素八糖的细胞迁移：
(1)实验前将Transwell小室放置于24孔板中，下室加入600ul的DMEM液体培养基，上室加入100ul的DMEM液体培养基，培养箱过夜待用；
(2)细胞的准备：取对数生长期的HeLa细胞，胰酶消化，计数细胞浓度，将细胞分对照组(不添加肝素或肝素寡糖，仅添加相应体积的PBS)和实验组(添加肝素和硫酸化肝素八糖，浓度均为62.5μg/mL)。分别用无血清、含2.5％BSA的DMEM培养基和无血清、含相应肝素寡糖的2.5％BSA DMEM培养基稀释细胞，调整细胞浓度为2.5×105个/mL。
(3)加800μL含5％FBS的培养基至Transwell小室的下室。
(4)加400μL步骤(2)的细胞悬液至Transwell小室的上室内。
(5)置于温度37℃、CO2浓度5％的培养箱中培养8小时。
(6)小心吸去上室内的液体，用棉签轻柔的擦拭小室膜的内面以去除未迁移的细胞。注意操作轻柔，避免损坏小室的膜。
(7)将小室移入另一个含有400μL细胞染液的24孔板，在室温下染色细胞10分钟。
(8)用蒸馏水轻柔的洗Transwell小室3-5次，置于室温令其自然风干。
(9)在显微镜下计数细胞并拍照。
(10)将小室转入另一干净24孔板中，每空加入200μL细胞溶解液，置摇床上。
(11)室温下孵育10分钟后，取100μL细胞溶解液加入96孔板，在560nm处读取吸光度值。以肝素对照组为参照，按下述公式计算转移率和抑制率：
转移率＝处理组吸光值/对照组吸光值×100％
抑制率＝[1-(处理组粘附率/对照组粘附率)]×100％
根据以上方法，测得细胞粘附结果如图7所示，表明肝素(Heparin)对HeLa 细胞迁移的抑制率为12.6％，40％硫酸化的肝素八糖(Hep8-40％)对HeLa细胞迁移的抑制率为57.3％，60％硫酸化的肝素八糖(Hep8-60％)对HeLa细胞迁移的抑制率为43.5％。
实施例6 40％和60％硫酸化的肝素八糖的抗肿瘤转移性
在本实施例中通过以下方法对40％和60％硫酸化的肝素八糖的抗肿瘤转移性进行测定：
通过尾静脉将B16-BL6小鼠黑色素瘤细胞(2×105)注射到C57BL/6小鼠体内，小鼠分为对照组(不添加肝素寡糖，以PBS作为对照)和实验组(添加40％硫酸化的肝素八糖，每只小鼠200μg)，每组10只小鼠。3周后，解剖小鼠，在Bouin溶液中固定小鼠肺部，计算小鼠肺部肿瘤个数。我们将使用荧光素酶标记的B16-BL6小鼠黑色素瘤细胞，通过IVIS-200荧光成像系统每周检测转移瘤的形成。图片将在腹部注射2.5mg荧光素10min后采集。
根据以上方法，测得抗肿瘤转移性结果如图8所示，由图可知，肝素(Heparin)对小鼠体内肿瘤转移的抑制率为17.3％，40％硫酸化的肝素八糖(Hep8-40％)对小鼠体内肿瘤转移的抑制率为65.1％，60％硫酸化的肝素八糖(Hep8-60％)对小鼠体内肿瘤转移的抑制率为56.2％。
申请人声明，本发明通过上述实施例来说明本发明硫酸化肝素寡糖及其制备方法和应用，但本发明并不局限于上述实施例，即不意味着本发明必须依赖上述实施例才能实施。所属技术领域的技术人员应该明了，对本发明的任何改进，对本发明所选用原料的等效替换及辅助成分的添加、具体方式的选择等，均落在本发明的保护范围和公开范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种硫酸化肝素寡糖，其特征在于，所述硫酸化肝素寡糖分子的非还原端含有由肝素酶酶解产生的不饱和双键，含有糖醛酸衍生物和糖胺衍生物，其具有式I所示结构：
    Figure PCTCN2015099901-appb-100001
    其中，R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、Ra、Rb、Rc和Rd独立地为SO3 -或H；Rx′、Ry′和Rz′独立地为COCH3或SO3 -，n为1-3。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的硫酸化肝素寡糖，其特征在于，式I中平均每个双糖单元中磺酸基个数不少于2个，平均每个双糖单元中乙酰基不多于0.5个，平均每个双糖单元的葡萄糖胺6-位和3-位磺酸基都不少于0.5个；
    优选地，式I中糖醛酸为葡萄糖醛酸或艾杜糖醛酸；
    优选地，与式I中所含羧基和/或磺酸基成盐的阳离子选自Na+、K+或Ca2+。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的硫酸化肝素寡糖，其特征在于，所述硫酸化肝素寡糖为具有以下结构的化合物中的任意一种或至少两种的组合：
    DP6肝素六糖衍生物：
    ΔU3S-ANS3S-I-ANS3S-G3S-ANS3S6S
    ΔU3S-ANS-I3S-ANS3S-G3S-ANS3S6S
    ΔU2S3S-ANS3S6S-I3S-ANS3S-G2S3S-ANS3S6S
    ΔU2S3S-ANS3S6S-I3S-ANS3S6S-G3S-ANS3S6S
    ΔU2S3S-ANS3S6S-I3S-ANS3S6S-G2S3S-ANS3S6S
    ΔU2S3S-ANS3S6S-I2S3S-ANS3S6S-G2S3S-ANS3S6S
    DP8肝素八糖衍生物：
    ΔU3S-ANS3S-I-ANS3S-I3s-ANS6S-G3S-ANS3S6S
    ΔU3S-ANS-I3S-ANS3S-I3S-ANS6S-G3S-ANS3S6S
    ΔU2S3S-ANS3S6S-I3S-ANS3S-I3S-ANS6S-G2S3S-ANS3S6S
    ΔU2S3S-ANS3S6S-I3S-ANS3S6S-I3S-ANS6S-G3S-ANS3S6S
    ΔU2S3S-ANS3S6S-I3S-ANS3S6S-I3S-ANS6S-G2S3S-ANS3S6S
    ΔU2S3S-ANS3S6S-I2S3S-ANS3S6S-I2S3S-ANS6S-G2S3S-ANS3S6S
    DPl0肝素十糖衍生物：
    ΔU3S-ANS3S-I-ANS3S-I-ANS6S-I-ANS6S-G3S-ANS3S6S
    ΔU3S-ANS-I3S-ANS3S-I3S-ANS6S-I3S-ANS6S-G3S-ANS3S6S
    ΔU2S3S-ANS3S6S-I3S-ANS3S-I3S-ANS6S-I3S-ANS6S-G3S-ANS3S6S
    ΔU2S3S-ANS3S6S-I3S-ANS3S6S-I3S-ANS6S-I3S-ANS6S-G2S3S-ANS3S6S
    ΔU2S3S-ANS3S6S-I2S3S-ANS3S6S-I2S3S-ANS6S-I2S3S-ANS6S-G2S3S-ANS3S6S
    ΔU2S3S-ANS3S6S-I2S3S-ANS3S6S-I2S3S-ANS3S6S-I2S3S-ANS3S6S-G2S3S-ANS3S6S。
  4. 根据要求1-3中任一项所述的硫酸化肝素寡糖的制备方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括以下步骤：
    (1)利用肝素酶降解肝素，分离、纯化得到肝素寡糖；
    (2)利用硫酸化试剂对步骤(1)得到的肝素寡糖进行硫酸化，得到所述硫酸化肝素寡糖。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)所述肝素酶为肝素酶I。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)所述利用肝素酶降解肝素时需加入缓冲液，优选为pH 7.0的Tris-HCl缓冲液；
    优选地，步骤(1)所述肝素酶的加酶量为15～25IU/g肝素，优选18～23IU/g肝素；
    优选地，步骤(1)所述利用肝素酶降解肝素的温度为4～37℃，优选为8～25℃；
    优选地，步骤(1)所述降解的时间为8～24小时，优选为10～20小时；
    优选地，步骤(1)所述利用肝素酶降解肝素包括在降解之后于95℃灭活5～10min，优选为5～8min，进一步优选为6min；
    优选地，步骤(1)所述分离包括超滤，优选为利用10KDa超滤离心管进行超滤；
    优选地，步骤(1)所述纯化为利用柱层析法分离提纯。
  7. 根据权利要求4-6中任一项所述的制备方法，其特征在于，在步骤(2)所述硫酸化之前包括将步骤(1)得到的肝素寡糖进行溶胀处理；
    优选地，所述溶胀处理使用的溶剂为DMF。
  8. 根据权利要求4-7中任一项所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)所述硫酸化试剂为(CH3)3N·SO3；
    优选地，相对于1g肝素寡糖，硫酸化试剂的用量为1～10g；
    优选地，步骤(2)所述硫酸化的温度为60～120℃；
    优选地，步骤(2)所述硫酸化的时间为1～12小时。
  9. 根据权利要求4-8中任一项所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括以下步骤：
    (1)利用肝素酶I于4～37℃下降解肝素8～24小时，加酶量为15～25IU/g 肝素，所用缓冲液为pH 7.0的Tris-HCl缓冲液，降解之后于95℃灭活5～10min，利用10KDa超滤离心管进行超滤分离、而后利用柱层析法分离提纯得到肝素寡糖；
    (2)利用硫酸化试剂在60～120℃下对步骤(1)得到的肝素寡糖进行硫酸化1～12小时，得到所述硫酸化肝素寡糖。
  10. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的硫酸化肝素寡糖在制备抗肿瘤转移药物中的应用。
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