WO2017110574A1 - 投受光ユニット及びレーダー - Google Patents
投受光ユニット及びレーダー Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017110574A1 WO2017110574A1 PCT/JP2016/086979 JP2016086979W WO2017110574A1 WO 2017110574 A1 WO2017110574 A1 WO 2017110574A1 JP 2016086979 W JP2016086979 W JP 2016086979W WO 2017110574 A1 WO2017110574 A1 WO 2017110574A1
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- light
- light receiving
- receiving element
- receiving unit
- reflected
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/486—Receivers
- G01S7/4861—Circuits for detection, sampling, integration or read-out
- G01S7/4863—Detector arrays, e.g. charge-transfer gates
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S17/42—Simultaneous measurement of distance and other co-ordinates
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/89—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4816—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of receivers alone
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4817—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements relating to scanning
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/93—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
- G01S17/931—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a light projecting / receiving unit and a radar suitable for use in a radar that detects an object by irradiating a light beam from a light source.
- a laser radar using the TOF (Time of Flight) method has already been developed.
- the distance to the object can be measured by measuring the time until the pulsed laser light hits the object and returns.
- a laser radar that employs the TOF method generally has an amplification factor such as an APD (avalanche photodiode) in order to detect the weak reflected light that is generated when a laser beam is irradiated to a distant object.
- APD avalanche photodiode
- a high light receiving element is used.
- a plurality of light receiving elements that receive reflected light are arranged to ensure high resolution.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a light receiving surface of a light detection unit in which a laser beam is emitted from a light source, and further, the emitted laser beam is scanned along a scanning direction by a one-dimensional scanner, and four pixels are arranged in a two-dimensional matrix.
- a radar device is disclosed in which reflected light from an object is detected for each of four pixels.
- a single laser light irradiation from a light source irradiates one pixel with reflected light along the scanning direction, and a plurality of pixels along a direction perpendicular to the scanning direction.
- the radar device of Patent Document 1 detects an object. It inherently has a non-detection zone that cannot be performed, and as a result, it becomes difficult to accurately detect distant objects.
- Patent Document 2 discloses that a laser beam emitted from a light source is reflected from an object by rotating a unit in which a large number of light sources and the same number of light receiving elements are arranged two-dimensionally.
- An optical measuring device capable of receiving light one by one with a corresponding light receiving element is disclosed. According to such a light measuring apparatus, since the reflected light of the scanned laser light is detected by the corresponding light receiving element, there is an advantage that it is difficult to receive other disturbance light.
- the present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a radar that can suppress detection leakage while suppressing cost and having high sensitivity, and a light projecting / receiving unit used therefor.
- the light projecting / receiving unit reflecting one aspect of the present invention is: A light source; A light projecting optical system for emitting a light beam emitted from the light source toward an object; A scanning mechanism for driving the light projecting optical system and scanning a light beam emitted from the light projecting optical system; A first light receiving portion for receiving a first reflected light beam reflected by the light beam at the object; A second light receiving unit that receives the second reflected light beam reflected from the object simultaneously with the first reflected light beam, The first light receiving unit and the second light receiving unit are arranged apart from each other in a second direction corresponding to a direction in which a light beam emitted from the light projecting optical system is scanned, The first light receiving unit includes a plurality of first light receiving elements arranged at intervals along a first direction orthogonal to the second direction, The second light receiving unit has a plurality of second light receiving elements arranged at intervals along the first direction, When the first light receiving element is scanned.
- another light projecting / receiving unit reflecting one aspect of the present invention is: A light source; A light projecting optical system for emitting a light beam emitted from the light source toward an object; A scanning mechanism for driving the light projecting optical system and scanning a light beam emitted from the light projecting optical system; A light receiving optical system that receives a reflected light beam reflected from the object; Branching means comprising a branching surface that transmits a part of the reflected light beam collected by the light receiving optical system as a first light beam and reflects the rest of the reflected light beam as a second light beam; When, A first light receiving portion for receiving the first light flux; A second light receiving portion for receiving the second light flux, The first light receiving unit includes a plurality of first light receiving elements arranged at intervals along a first direction orthogonal to a second direction corresponding to a direction in which a light beam emitted from the light projecting optical system is scanned.
- the second light receiving unit has a plurality of second light receiving elements arranged at intervals along the first direction, A projected image of the first light receiving element when the first light receiving element is projected onto the branch surface along the first light flux and the second light receiving element is projected onto the branch surface along the second light flux.
- the first light receiving element and the second light receiving element which are arranged so that a part of the first light receiving element overlaps a part of the projection image of the second light receiving element, are associated with each other.
- the object is detected based on a total value obtained by adding signals output from the second light receiving elements.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a radar that can suppress detection leakage while having high sensitivity while suppressing cost, and a light projecting / receiving unit used therefor.
- (A) is a comparative example, where the vertical axis represents the sum of the signals of the first light receiving element and the second light receiving element, and the horizontal axis represents the size of the light receiving element in the Z direction with the end of the first light receiving element PX11 as the origin.
- 6 is a graph showing the position in the Z direction where the reflected light RB1, RB2 that is one time the size of the light receiving element is incident, where (b) is the origin of the Z direction in the arrangement of the comparative example. It is a figure which shows the state in which reflected light RB1, RB2 of 1 time the light receiving element size injected into the position.
- (A) is a comparative example, where the vertical axis represents the sum of the signals of the first light receiving element and the second light receiving element, and the horizontal axis represents the size of the light receiving element in the Z direction with the end of the first light receiving element PX11 as the origin.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement state of first light receiving elements PX11 to PX14 and second light receiving elements PX21 to PX24 according to an example.
- the vertical axis represents the sensor sensitivity of the embodiment, and the horizontal axis represents the position in the Z direction when the end of the first light receiving element PX11 is the origin and the light receiving element size in the Z direction is 1.
- the vertical axis represents the added value of the signals of the first light receiving element and the second light receiving element, and the horizontal axis represents the size of the light receiving element in the Z direction with the end of the first light receiving element PX11 as the origin.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the position in the Z direction where the reflected light RB1, RB2 that is one time the size of the light receiving element is incident, where (b) is the origin in the Z direction in the arrangement of the embodiment. It is a figure which shows the state in which reflected light RB1, RB2 of 1 time the light receiving element size injected into the position.
- the vertical axis represents the added value of the signals of the first light receiving element and the second light receiving element
- the horizontal axis represents the size of the light receiving element in the Z direction with the end of the first light receiving element PX11 as the origin.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a state in which a laser radar equipped with a light projecting / receiving unit according to the present embodiment is installed in a vehicle.
- the laser radar LR of the present embodiment is provided behind the front window 1a of the vehicle 1 or behind the front grille 1b.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of the laser radar LR according to the present embodiment.
- the laser radar LR includes a motor MT attached to the vehicle body of the vehicle 1 and a casing CS attached to the tip of the rotation shaft SFT of the motor MT.
- the casing CS is rotatable around the rotation axis RO together with the rotation axis SFT.
- the rotation axis RO extends in the vertical direction, but actually changes according to the inclination of the vehicle body.
- the direction of the rotation axis RO is the Z direction
- the optical axis direction of a semiconductor laser LD described later is the X direction
- the Z direction and the direction orthogonal to the X direction are the Y direction.
- a semiconductor laser (light source) LD that emits a pulsed laser beam
- a collimator lens (light projecting optical system) CL that converts divergent light from the semiconductor laser LD into a collimated beam
- a first lens (first light receiving optical system) LS1 that condenses the reflected light beam (first reflected light beam) from the scanned and projected object OBJ, and a first light that receives the light collected by the first lens LS1.
- 1 light-receiving part PD1 and the 2nd lens (2nd light reception light) which is arrange
- the semiconductor laser LD, the first light receiving part PD1, and the second light receiving part PD2 are connected to the control circuit CONT through the wiring HS so as to be able to transmit signals.
- a laser beam emitted from the semiconductor laser LD passes through an aperture stop (not shown), a beam shaper, or the like, so that at least a cross section of the collimated beam LB incident on the object OBJ (hatched in FIG. 1).
- a dimension A in the vertical direction is longer than a dimension B in the horizontal direction (scanning direction to be described later) perpendicular to the central axis of the collimated light beam.
- the collimated light beam LB changes its emission direction while rotating in the XY plane.
- the direction in which the collimated light beam LB rotates is the scanning direction (second direction), and the direction orthogonal to the scanning direction (that is, the Z direction: first direction) is the scanning orthogonal direction. That is, the motor MT constitutes a scanning mechanism that rotationally drives the housing CS.
- the scanning mechanism includes a semiconductor laser (light source) LD, a collimator lens (light projecting optical system) CL, and a first lens (first light receiving light).
- Optical system) LS1, first light receiving unit PD1, second lens (second light receiving optical system) LS2, and second light receiving unit PD2 are integrated around an axis along the scanning direction (second direction).
- the object OBJ is scanned by scanning the collimated light beam LB.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the light receiving surfaces of the first light receiving part PD1 and the second light receiving part PD2, and the Z direction is shown as the vertical direction in the figure.
- the first light receiving unit PD1 includes a plurality of first light receiving elements PX11 to PX14 arranged along the Z direction on the light receiving surface facing the first lens LS1, and the second light receiving unit PD2 is also arranged in the Z direction.
- a plurality of second light receiving elements PX21 to PX24 arranged side by side.
- the first light receiving part PD1 other than the first light receiving elements PX11 to PX14 is a non-detection area
- the second light receiving part PD2 other than the second light receiving elements PX21 to PX24 is a non-detection area. It has become.
- the first light receiving elements PX11 to PX14 and the second light receiving elements PX21 to PX24 each receive a light beam and output a signal, and here have the same rectangular shape (for example, a length of 0.1 mm in the Z direction). 3 are arranged in a staggered manner as shown in FIG.
- the positions of the lower edges of the first light receiving elements PX11 and PX12 in the Z direction are respectively positioned below the upper edges of the second light receiving elements PX21 and PX22 that are closest thereto.
- the positions of the lower edges of the first light receiving elements PX13 and PX14 in the Z direction coincide with the upper edges of the second light receiving elements PX23 and PX24 that are closest thereto.
- the positions of the lower edges of the second light receiving elements PX21 to PX23 coincide with the positions of the upper edges of the first light receiving elements PX12 to PX14 that are closest thereto.
- the edges do not overlap each other and the edges are in contact with each other.
- the center line (array center) of the first light receiving elements PX11 to PX14 is CP1
- the center line (array center) of the second light receiving elements PX21 to PX24 is CP2.
- the sensitivity can be increased by satisfying the following expression.
- L Amount of overlap between the first light receiving element and the second light receiving element in the Z direction
- H Length of the first light receiving element or the second light receiving element in the Z direction
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the arrangement of each element when the light emitting / receiving unit is viewed in the direction of the rotation axis RO.
- the array center CP1 of the first light receiving elements PX11 to PX14 is shifted to the side away from the second light receiving part PD2 along the Y direction with respect to the optical axis OA1 of the first lens LS1.
- the array center CP1 is shifted to such an extent that the reflected light beam incident along the optical axis OA1 of the first lens LS1 can be detected in the vicinity of the edge on the second light receiving part PD2 side of the first light receiving elements PX11 to PX14. Yes.
- the array center CP2 of the second light receiving elements PX21 to PX24 is shifted to the side away from the first light receiving part PD1 along the Y direction with respect to the optical axis OA2 of the second lens LS2. More preferably, the array center CP2 is shifted to such an extent that the reflected light beam incident along the optical axis OA2 of the second lens LS2 can be detected in the vicinity of the edge on the first light receiving part PD1 side in the second light receiving elements PX21 to PX24. Yes. Note that it is sufficient that at least one of the array centers CP1 and CP2 is shifted.
- the condensing positions are respectively the optical axes OA1, Outside of OA2 in the Y direction. That is, in the first light receiving elements PX11 to PX14 and the second light receiving elements PX21 to PX24, the area inside the Y direction from the optical axes OA1 and OA2 is not necessary for detecting the reflected light from the object from a short distance to infinity. It will be said that.
- the ranging operation of the laser radar LR will be described.
- the light emission timing of the semiconductor laser LD is known by the control circuit CONT.
- the divergent light emitted intermittently in a pulse form from the semiconductor laser LD is converted into a collimated light beam LB by the collimator lens CL, and is irradiated toward the object.
- the collimated light beam LB is horizontally directed to the external environment (see FIG. 5) where the object exists according to the rotation of the casing CS. Will be scanned over 360 °. Since the collimated light beam LB is vertically long in the scanning orthogonal direction (vertical direction), a vertical field of view can be secured, and many objects can be detected by one scan.
- the object OBJ When the object OBJ is irradiated with the collimated light beam LB, diffused light is generated from the same incident point on the object OBJ. In other words, a plurality of reflected lights are generated from the incident point. Therefore, a part of the reflected light (first reflected light beam) is received by the first light receiving unit PD1, and another part of the reflected light (second reflected light beam) is received by the second light receiving unit PD2.
- a signal generated by the light reception is transmitted from the first light receiving unit PD1 and the second light receiving unit PD2 to the control circuit CONT.
- the control circuit CONT transmits the light emission time of the semiconductor laser LD and the first light receiving unit PD1 and the second light receiving unit PD2. The distance to the object is measured from the difference from the light reception time.
- the reflected light beams RB1 and RB2 simultaneously generated from the object that has received the collimated light beam LB are received by the first light receiving unit PD1 and the second light receiving unit PD2.
- the reflected light beams RB1 and RB2 are incident so as to straddle the light receiving elements PX13, PX14, PX23, and PX24, these light receiving elements are relatively shifted in the Y direction.
- the component of the reflected light beam RB1 incident on the non-detection region (other than the light receiving element) of the first light receiving portion PD1 is the reflected light beam RB2 corresponding thereto.
- the RB1 component can be detected by the first light receiving elements PX13 and PX14 of the first light receiving unit PD1. Therefore, the control circuit CONT compares the signals from the light receiving elements PX13, PX14, PX23, and PX24 with the threshold value (second threshold value), respectively, and if it exceeds that, the reflected light from the object is incident. It is also possible to estimate the size of the object from the number of consecutive detected light receiving elements.
- the first light receiving elements PX11 and PX12 and the second light receiving elements PX21 and PX22 detect an object present above the horizontal line
- the first light receiving element PX13. , PX14 and the second light receiving elements PX23, PX24 detect an object existing below the horizontal line.
- the control circuit CONT as the processing device associates the first light receiving element PX11 and the second light receiving element PX21 that overlap each other, and associates the first light receiving element PX12 and the second light receiving element PX22 that overlap each other.
- a sum value obtained by adding the signals output from the first and second light receiving elements associated with each other is first obtained, and an object is detected based on the sum.
- the first light receiving element PX11 and the second light receiving element PX21 closest to the first light receiving element PX11 will be described as an example.
- the sensitivity can be increased by satisfying the following expression.
- L Amount of overlap between the first light receiving element PX11 and the second light receiving element PX21 in the Z direction
- H Length of the first light receiving element PX11 or the second light receiving element PX21 in the Z direction
- the non-overlapping region where the light receiving region in the first light receiving element PX11 does not overlap due to the shift in the Y direction is referred to as PX11a
- the overlapping region where the light receiving region in the first light receiving element PX11 overlaps is defined as PX11b.
- a non-overlapping region where the regions do not overlap is referred to as PX21a
- a overlapping region where the light receiving regions in the second light receiving element PX21 overlap is referred to as PX21b.
- the first reflected light RB1 ′ from the object shown in FIG. 3 protrudes from the first light receiving element PX11 of the first light receiving unit PD1 to the non-detection region, but the second corresponding to the protruding portion.
- the component of the reflected light RB2 ′ can be detected in the non-polymerized region PX21a in the second light receiving element PX21 of the second light receiving unit PD2. Therefore, even if the first reflected light beam RB1 ′ protrudes from the first light receiving element PX11 in this way, the component of the second reflected light beam RB2 ′ corresponding to the protruding portion is reflected in the non-polymerized region PX21a in the second light receiving element PX21. Since detection is possible, detection leakage can be prevented by providing only this non-polymerized region PX21a.
- the reflected light from a distant object is weak, so we want to increase the sensitivity as much as possible. Therefore, in the present embodiment, when the first light receiving element PX11 is shifted relative to the second light receiving element PX21 in the Y direction, the overlapping region PX11b of the first light receiving element PX11 becomes the overlapping region of the second light receiving element PX21. It is arranged so as to overlap with PX21b. As a result, the control circuit CONT obtains a sum value obtained by adding the signals output from the first light receiving element PX11 and the second light receiving element PX12, so that the outputs in the overlapping regions PX11b and 21b are superimposed.
- the total value is larger than the simple addition value of the signals of both light receiving elements on the assumption that the same reflected light is incident on the first light receiving element PX13 and the second light receiving element PX23 having no overlapping region. Thus, this can increase sensitivity. The same applies to the relationship between the first light receiving element PX12 and the second light receiving element PX22.
- the first threshold value to be compared with the total value for determining whether or not the object is detected by the control circuit CONT (determined as the object if this value or more) is an independent light receiving element. Although it is larger than the second threshold value compared with the signals from the light receiving elements PX13, PX14, PX23, and PX24, it is smaller than twice the second threshold value.
- the first light receiving elements PX11 and PX12 when the first light receiving elements PX11 and PX12 are shifted relative to the second light receiving elements PX21 and PX22 in the Y direction, the first light receiving elements PX11 and PX12 become the second light receiving elements PX21, By arranging so as to overlap each of PX22, it is possible to increase the detection sensitivity for an object above the horizontal line.
- the first light receiving elements PX13 and PX14 are shifted relative to the second light receiving elements PX23 and PX24 in the Y direction, the first light receiving elements PX13 and PX14 are arranged so as not to overlap each other. Resolution can be increased.
- all the first light receiving elements may be arranged so as to overlap each other when shifted relative to the second light receiving element in the Y direction. Further, the number of light receiving elements is not limited to four.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a laser radar LR provided with a light projecting / receiving unit according to another embodiment.
- a light projecting / receiving unit of a laser radar LR includes a semiconductor laser (light source) LD that emits a pulsed laser beam, and a collimator lens (projecting optical system) CL that converts the divergent light from the semiconductor laser LD into a collimated beam.
- the first lens (first light receiving optical system) LS1 that collects the reflected light beam (first reflected light beam) from the scanned and projected object OBJ, and the light collected by the first lens LS1.
- the first light receiving unit PD1 that is arranged on the opposite side of the first lens LS1 across the optical axis of the collimating lens CL, and collects another reflected light beam (second reflected light beam) from the object OBJ. It has a lens (second light receiving optical system) LS2, a second light receiving part PD2 that receives the light collected by the second lens LS2, and a rotating mirror unit MU.
- the direction of the rotation axis RO of the mirror unit MU is taken as the Z direction
- the optical axis direction of the semiconductor laser LD is taken as the X direction
- the direction perpendicular to the Z direction and the X direction is taken as the Y direction.
- the scanning direction may not match the second direction and / or the scanning orthogonal direction may not match the first direction. Even in that case, they shall be associated with each other.
- the semiconductor laser LD and the collimating lens CL constitute a light projecting system LPS
- the first lens LS1 and the first light receiving part PD1 constitute the first light receiving system RPS1
- the second lens LS2 and the second light receiving part PD2 A second light receiving system RPS2 is configured.
- the first light receiving unit PD1 and the second light receiving unit PD2 have the same configuration as that of the above-described embodiment.
- the light beam emitted from the light projecting system LPS is longer in the sub-scanning angle direction than in the scanning angle direction in the measurement range of the object.
- the substantially square cylindrical mirror unit MU is rotatably held around the rotation axis RO, which is an axis, and four trapezoidal first mirror surfaces M1 are arranged on the outer periphery of the lower portion, and face each other.
- four trapezoidal second mirror surfaces M2 are arranged on the outer periphery of the upper portion.
- the crossing angles of the first mirror surface M1 and the second mirror surface M2 that are paired vertically are different.
- the optical axis of the light projecting system LPS is orthogonal to the rotation axis RO of the mirror unit MU, and the optical axes of the first light receiving system RPS1 and the second light receiving system RPS2 sandwich the optical axis of the light projecting system LPS. And it is provided in parallel with it.
- the scanning mechanism including a motor (not shown) or the like scans the object by scanning the collimated light beam by integrally rotating the mirror unit MU about the axis along the second direction. It has become.
- a single mirror may be used, when a single mirror is used, it is desirable to reciprocally swing within a certain angular range. About another structure, it is the same as that of embodiment mentioned above.
- the divergent light emitted intermittently in a pulse form from the semiconductor laser LD is converted into a parallel light beam by the collimator lens CL, is incident on the point P1 of the first mirror surface M1 of the rotating mirror unit MU, and is reflected here.
- the light travels along the rotation axis RO, is further reflected at a point P2 on the second mirror surface M2, and is scanned and projected toward the object OBJ.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a state in which the screen G, which is a detection range of the laser radar LR, is scanned with the collimated light beam LB (shown by hatching) emitted according to the rotation of the mirror unit MU.
- the crossing angles are different.
- the collimated light beam LB is sequentially reflected by the first mirror surface M1 and the second mirror surface M2 that are rotated and moved. First, the collimate reflected by the first pair of the first mirror surface M1 and the second mirror surface M2 is reflected.
- the light beam LB scans the uppermost region Ln1 of the screen G from the left to the right in the horizontal direction according to the rotation of the mirror unit MU.
- the collimated light beam LB reflected by the second pair of the first mirror surface M1 and the second mirror surface M2 is left horizontally in the second region Ln2 from the top of the screen G according to the rotation of the mirror unit MU.
- the collimated light beam LB reflected by the third pair of the first mirror surface M1 and the second mirror surface M2 moves the third region Ln3 from the top of the screen G horizontally in accordance with the rotation of the mirror unit MU. To the right.
- the collimated light beam LB reflected by the fourth pair of the first mirror surface M1 and the second mirror surface moves the lowermost region Ln4 of the screen G horizontally from left to right according to the rotation of the mirror unit MU. Is scanned. Thereby, the scanning of one screen is completed. Then, after the mirror unit MU makes one rotation, if the first pair of the first mirror surface M1 and the second mirror surface M2 return, the scanning from the top of the screen G is repeated again.
- one of the reflected light beams (first reflected light beam) reflected by the object OBJ among the scanned light beams is reflected at a point P3A on the second mirror surface M2 of the mirror unit MU as indicated by a dotted line.
- reflected here travels along the rotation axis RO, further reflects at the point P4A of the first mirror surface M1, is condensed by the first lens LS1, and detected by the light receiving element of the first light receiving portion PD1 Is done.
- another reflected light beam (second reflected light beam) reflected by the object OBJ is incident on the point P3B of the second mirror surface M2 of the mirror unit MU and reflected there, as indicated by the dotted line.
- the light travels along the rotation axis RO, is further reflected at the point P4B of the first mirror surface M1, is condensed by the second lens LS1, and is detected by the light receiving element of the second light receiving unit PD2.
- a signal generated when each light receiving element receives light is transmitted from the first light receiving unit PD1 and the second light receiving unit PD2 to a control circuit (not shown), where the light emission time of the semiconductor laser LD, the first light receiving unit PD1,
- the distance to the object is measured from the difference from the light reception time of the second light receiving unit PD2.
- the object OBJ can be detected in the entire range on the screen G.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a laser radar LR provided with a light projecting / receiving unit according to still another embodiment.
- the control circuit and the like are omitted.
- the light projecting / receiving unit of the laser radar LR includes a semiconductor laser (light source) LD that emits a pulsed laser beam, and a collimator lens (light projecting optical system) CL that converts the divergent light from the semiconductor laser LD into a collimated beam.
- a lens (light receiving optical system) LS that collects the reflected light beam from the scanned object OBJ, and a prism having a branched surface PR1 as a half mirror that is incident on the reflected light beam that has passed through the lens LS ( (Branching means) PR, a first light receiving portion PD1 that receives a reflected light beam (first light beam) transmitted through the branch surface PR1, and a second light receiving portion PD2 that receives a reflected light beam (second light beam) reflected by the branch surface PR1.
- a mirror unit MU has the same configuration as that of the embodiment shown in FIG.
- the direction of the rotation axis RO is the Z direction
- the optical axis direction of the semiconductor laser LD is the X direction
- the direction perpendicular to the Z direction and the X direction is the Y direction.
- the light projecting system LPS is configured by the semiconductor laser LD and the collimating lens CL
- the light receiving system RPS is configured by the lens LS, the prism PR, the first light receiving unit PD1, and the second light receiving unit PD2.
- the light beam emitted from the light projecting system LPS is longer in the sub-scanning angle direction than in the scanning angle direction in the measurement range of the object.
- the first light receiving part PD1 and the second light receiving part PD2 have the same configuration as that of the embodiment shown in FIG. Further, at least when the light receiving element of the first light receiving unit PD1 is projected onto the branch surface PR1 along the first light flux, and the light receiving element of the second light receiving unit PD2 is projected onto the branch surface PR1 along the second light flux.
- the projection images of the light receiving elements of the two adjacent first light receiving portions PD1 are arranged so as to be in contact with or partially overlap the projection images of the light receiving elements of the second light receiving portion PD2 sandwiched between them (see FIG. 3). Further, when the projection images of both are overlapped, it is preferable that the following expression is satisfied (see FIG. 3).
- L ' Amount of overlap between the projected image of the first light receiving element and the projected image of the second light receiving element H: Length of the first light receiving element or the second light receiving element in the first direction
- the divergent light emitted intermittently in a pulse form from the semiconductor laser LD is converted into a parallel light beam by the collimator lens CL, is incident on the point P1 of the first mirror surface M1 of the rotating mirror unit MU, and is reflected here.
- the light travels along the rotation axis RO, is further reflected at a point P2 on the second mirror surface M2, and is scanned and projected toward the object OBJ.
- the reflected light beam reflected by the object OBJ out of the scanned light beam is incident on the point P3 of the second mirror surface M2 of the mirror unit MU as shown by the dotted line, reflected here, and along the rotation axis RO.
- the reflected light beam reflected by the point P4 on the first mirror surface M1, condensed by the lens LS, and further transmitted through the branch surface PR1 is received by the first light receiving portion PD1 and reflected by the branch surface PR1.
- the reflected light beam is received by the second light receiving part PD2.
- a signal generated when each light receiving element receives light is transmitted from the first light receiving unit PD1 and the second light receiving unit PD2 to a control circuit (not shown), where the light emission time of the semiconductor laser LD, the first light receiving unit PD1, The distance to the object is measured from the difference from the light reception time of the second light receiving unit PD2. Similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the object OBJ can be detected in the entire range on the screen G by rotating the mirror unit MU.
- the first light receiving unit has four or more first light receiving elements PX11 to PX14
- the second light receiving unit has four or more second light receiving elements PX21 to PX24. It is assumed that the shape of each light receiving element is the same, but here, in order to simplify the description, the reflected light RB1, RB2 is applied to the first light receiving elements PX11, PX12 and the second light receiving elements PX21, PX22. It was assumed to be incident.
- FIG. 9 shows an arrangement state of the first light receiving elements PX11 to PX14 and the second light receiving elements PX21 to PX24 according to the comparative example.
- the size of the light receiving element in the Z direction (left and right direction in the figure, hereinafter the same) is 1.0, and the gap between the light receiving elements in the Z direction is 0.5, and the first light receiving elements PX11 to PX14
- the second light receiving elements PX21 to PX24 are shifted in the Y direction (vertical direction in the figure, the same applies hereinafter)
- the arrangement relationship is completely overlapped.
- the sensor sensitivity of the comparative example is a value obtained by adding the signals of the first light receiving element PX11 and the second light receiving element PX21 according to the incident position of the reflected light, and the first light receiving element PX12 and the second light receiving element PX22.
- the sensor sensitivity is zero (that is, the non-detection region) between the light receiving elements (Z coordinates 1.0 to 1.5), and the detection performance is degraded. I understand.
- FIG. 11A shows changes in the value obtained by adding the signals of the element PX11 and the second light receiving element PX21 and the value obtained by adding the signals of the first light receiving element PX12 and the second light receiving element PX22.
- FIG. 12A shows changes in the value obtained by adding the signals of the first light receiving element PX11 and the second light receiving element PX21 and the value obtained by adding the signals of the first light receiving element PX12 and the second light receiving element PX22.
- FIG. 13 shows an arrangement state of the first light receiving elements PX11 to PX14 and the second light receiving elements PX21 to PX24 according to the embodiment.
- the size of the light receiving element in the Z direction is 1.0
- the gap between the light receiving elements in the Z direction is 0.5
- the first light receiving elements PX11 and PX12 and the second light receiving elements PX21 and PX22 are Y
- the overlapping amount becomes 0.5 (that is, the second light receiving element is shifted by 0.5 in the Z direction with respect to the first light receiving element).
- the sensor sensitivity of the example is a value obtained by adding the signal value of only the first light receiving element PX11, the signal of the first light receiving element PX11 and the second light receiving element PX21, and the second value according to the incident position of the reflected light.
- the non-detection region between the light receiving elements is eliminated as compared with the comparative example, and it can be seen that the detection performance is improved.
- FIG. 15A shows changes in the value obtained by adding the signals of the element PX11 and the second light receiving element PX21 and the value obtained by adding the signals of the first light receiving element PX12 and the second light receiving element PX22.
- the area (image position) that can be detected with a higher sensitivity than the sensitivity when detecting without addition is enlarged.
- the region exceeding the sensitivity without addition for a 1-size object is 0.5 (A in FIG. 11) in the comparative example, but in the case of the example. It can be seen that is improved to about 0.75 (B in FIG. 15).
- FIG. 16A shows changes in the value obtained by adding the signals of the first light receiving element PX11 and the second light receiving element PX21 and the value obtained by adding the signals of the first light receiving element PX12 and the second light receiving element PX22.
- the area (image position) that can be detected with a higher sensitivity than the sensitivity when detecting without addition is enlarged.
- the region exceeding the sensitivity without addition for an object of 0.6 times size is 0.7 (C in FIG. 12) in the case of the comparative example.
- the level is improved to about 0.9 (D in FIG. 16).
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Abstract
Description
光源と、
前記光源から出射された光束を対象物に向けて出射する投光用光学系と、
前記投光用光学系を駆動し、前記投光用光学系から出射される光束を走査させる走査機構と、
前記対象物において前記光束が反射した第1反射光束を受光する第1受光部と、
前記第1反射光束と同時に前記対象物から反射した第2反射光束を受光する第2受光部と、を有し、
前記第1受光部と前記第2受光部とは前記投光用光学系から出射される光束が走査される方向に対応する第2方向に離間して配置され、
前記第1受光部は、前記第2方向に直交する第1方向に沿って間隔をあけて並べられた複数の第1受光素子を有し、
前記第2受光部は前記第1方向に沿って間隔をあけて並べられた複数の第2受光素子を有し、
前記第1受光素子を前記第2受光素子に対して前記第2方向に相対的にシフトしたときに、前記第1受光素子の一部が前記第2受光素子の一部に重なるように配置された前記第1受光素子と前記第2受光素子とが対応づけられ、この対応づけられた前記第1受光素子と前記第2受光素子のそれぞれから出力された信号を足し合わせた合算値に基づいて、前記対象物を検出するようになっているものである。
光源と、
前記光源から出射された光束を対象物に向けて出射する投光用光学系と、
前記投光用光学系を駆動し、前記投光用光学系から出射される光束を走査させる走査機構と、
前記光束が前記対象物から反射した反射光束を入射する受光用光学系と、
前記受光用光学系によって集光された前記反射光束の一部を透過して第1光束とし、前記反射光束の残りを反射して第2光束とする分岐面を備えた分岐手段を有し、と、
前記第1光束を受光する第1受光部と、
前記第2光束を受光する第2受光部と、を有し、
前記第1受光部は、前記投光用光学系から出射される光束が走査される方向に対応する第2方向に直交する第1方向に沿って間隔をあけて並べられた複数の第1受光素子を有し、
前記第2受光部は前記第1方向に沿って間隔をあけて並べられた複数の第2受光素子を有し、
前記第1受光素子を前記第1光束に沿って前記分岐面に投影し、前記第2受光素子を前記第2光束に沿って前記分岐面に投影したときに、前記第1受光素子の投影像の一部が前記第2受光素子の投影像の一部に重なるように配置された前記第1受光素子と前記第2受光素子とが対応づけられ、この対応づけられた前記第1受光素子と前記第2受光素子のそれぞれから出力された信号を足し合わせた合算値に基づいて、前記対象物を検出するようになっているものである。
L/H>0.5 (1)
但し、
L:Z方向における第1受光素子と第2受光素子の重なり量
H:Z方向における第1受光素子又は第2受光素子の長さ
L/H>0.5 (1)
但し、
L:Z方向における第1受光素子PX11と第2受光素子PX21の重なり量
H:Z方向における第1受光素子PX11又は第2受光素子PX21の長さ
L’/H>0.5 (2)
但し、
L’:第1受光素子の投影像と第2受光素子の投影像の重なり量
H:第1方向における第1受光素子又は第2受光素子の長さ
それ以外の構成については、信号処理も含めて、上述した実施形態と同様である。
1a フロントウィンドウ
1b フロントグリル
CL コリメートレンズ
CONT 制御回路
CP1、CP2 配列中心
CS 筐体
G 画面
HS 配線
LB コリメート光束
LD 半導体レーザー
Ln1~LN4 領域
LR レーザーレーダー
LS レンズ
LS1 第1レンズ
LS2 第2レンズ
M1 第1ミラー面
M2 第2ミラー面
MT モータ
MU ミラーユニット
OA1 光軸
OA2 光軸
OBJ 対象物
PD1 第1受光部
PD2 第2受光部
PR プリズム
PR1 分岐面
PX11~PX14 第1受光素子
PX21~PX24 第2受光素子
RB1 第1反射光束
RB2 第2反射光束
RO 回転軸線
RPS 受光系
SFT 回転軸
Claims (19)
- 光源と、
前記光源から出射された光束を対象物に向けて出射する投光用光学系と、
前記投光用光学系を駆動し、前記投光用光学系から出射される光束を走査させる走査機構と、
前記対象物において前記光束が反射した第1反射光束を受光する第1受光部と、
前記第1反射光束と同時に前記対象物から反射した第2反射光束を受光する第2受光部と、を有し、
前記第1受光部と前記第2受光部とは前記投光用光学系から出射される光束が走査される方向に対応する第2方向に離間して配置され、
前記第1受光部は、前記第2方向に直交する第1方向に沿って間隔をあけて並べられた複数の第1受光素子を有し、
前記第2受光部は前記第1方向に沿って間隔をあけて並べられた複数の第2受光素子を有し、
前記第1受光素子を前記第2受光素子に対して前記第2方向に相対的にシフトしたときに、前記第1受光素子の一部が前記第2受光素子の一部に重なるように配置された前記第1受光素子と前記第2受光素子とが対応づけられ、この対応づけられた前記第1受光素子と前記第2受光素子のそれぞれから出力された信号を足し合わせた合算値に基づいて、前記対象物を検出するようになっている投受光ユニット。 - 前記第1受光素子の配列中心は、前記第1受光用光学系の中心に対して前記第2受光素子から離間する側にシフトしている請求項1に記載の投受光ユニット。
- 前記第1受光素子を前記第2受光素子に対して前記第2方向に相対的にシフトさせて両者を重ねたとき両者の一部が重なる場合、以下の式を満たす請求項1又は2に記載の投受光ユニット。
L/H>0.5 (1)但し、
L:前記第1方向における前記第1受光素子と前記第2受光素子の重なり量
H:前記第1方向における前記第1受光素子又は前記第2受光素子の長さ - 前記第1受光部からの信号と前記第2受光部からの信号を処理する処理装置を有し、前記処理装置は、前記合算値が第1の閾値を超えているときに、前記対象物からの反射光が入射したと判定する請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の投受光ユニット。
- 前記第1受光素子を前記第2受光素子に対して前記第2方向に相対的にシフトしたときに、前記第1受光素子と前記第2受光素子とが重ならない関係にある前記第1受光素子と前記第2受光素子を独立受光素子としたときに、前記処理装置は、前記独立受光素子からの信号が第2の閾値を超えているときに、前記対象物からの反射光が入射したと判定する請求項4に記載の投受光ユニット。
- 前記第1の閾値は前記第2の閾値と異なっている請求項5に記載の投受光ユニット。
- 前記走査機構は、前記光源、前記投光用光学系、前記第1受光部及び前記第2受光部を、前記第2方向に沿った軸回りに一体的に回転することにより、前記対象物を走査するようになっている請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の投受光ユニット。
- 前記走査機構は、前記投光用光学系から前記対象物に向かう前記光束を反射し、且つ前記対象物からの前記第1反射光束及び前記第2反射光束を反射して前記第1受光部及び前記第2受光部に入射させるミラーを有し、前記ミラーが前記第2方向に沿った軸回りに一体的に回転することにより、前記対象物を走査するようになっている請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の投受光ユニット。
- 光源と、
前記光源から出射された光束を対象物に向けて出射する投光用光学系と、
前記投光用光学系を駆動し、前記投光用光学系から出射される光束を走査させる走査機構と、
前記光束が前記対象物から反射した反射光束を入射する受光用光学系と、
前記受光用光学系によって集光された前記反射光束の一部を透過して第1光束とし、前記反射光束の残りを反射して第2光束とする分岐面を備えた分岐手段を有し、と、
前記第1光束を受光する第1受光部と、
前記第2光束を受光する第2受光部と、を有し、
前記第1受光部は、前記投光用光学系から出射される光束が走査される方向に対応する第2方向に直交する第1方向に沿って間隔をあけて並べられた複数の第1受光素子を有し、
前記第2受光部は前記第1方向に沿って間隔をあけて並べられた複数の第2受光素子を有し、
前記第1受光素子を前記第1光束に沿って前記分岐面に投影し、前記第2受光素子を前記第2光束に沿って前記分岐面に投影したときに、前記第1受光素子の投影像の一部が前記第2受光素子の投影像の一部に重なるように配置された前記第1受光素子と前記第2受光素子とが対応づけられ、この対応づけられた前記第1受光素子と前記第2受光素子のそれぞれから出力された信号を足し合わせた合算値に基づいて、前記対象物を検出するようになっている投受光ユニット。 - 前記走査機構は前記投光用光学系から出射した前記光束を反射して前記対象物に向かわせ、また前記対象物から戻る前記反射光束を反射して前記受光用光学系に入射させるミラーを有し、投光用光学系から出射される光束を走査させる方向に垂直な軸回りに前記ミラーが回転することにより、前記対象物を走査するようになっている請求項9に記載の投受光ユニット。
- 前記第1受光素子の投影像を前記第2受光素子の投影像に対して重ねたとき両像の一部が重なる場合、以下の式を満たす請求項9又は10に記載の投受光ユニット。
L’/H>0.5 (2)但し、
L’:前記第1受光素子の投影像と前記第2受光素子の投影像の重なり量
H:前記第1方向における前記第1受光素子又は前記第2受光素子の長さ - 前記第1受光部からの信号と前記第2受光部からの信号を処理する処理装置を有し、前記処理装置は、前記合算値が第1の閾値を超えているときに、前記対象物からの反射光が入射したと判定する請求項9~11のいずれかに記載の投受光ユニット。
- 前記第1受光素子の投影像と前記第2受光素子の投影像とが重ならない関係にある前記第1受光素子と前記第2受光素子を独立受光素子としたときに、前記処理装置は、前記独立受光素子からの信号が第2の閾値を超えているときに、前記対象物からの反射光が入射したと判定する請求項12に記載の投受光ユニット。
- 前記第1の閾値は前記第2の閾値と異なっている請求項13に記載の投受光ユニット。
- 前記第1受光素子は、それぞれ同一形状を有し、前記第2受光素子は、それぞれ同一形状を有している請求項1~14のいずれかに記載の投受光ユニット。
- 前記第1受光素子と前記第2受光素子は、互いに同一の形状を有している請求項15に記載の投受光ユニット。
- 前記第1受光素子と前記第2受光素子は、互いに異なる形状を有している請求項15に記載の投受光ユニット。
- 前記投光用光学系の光軸と前記受光用光学系の光軸とは平行である請求項1~17のいずれかに記載の投受光ユニット。
- 請求項1~18のいずれかに記載の投受光ユニットを有し、前記光源から光束を出射した時刻と、前記第1受光部及び前記第2受光部で前記反射光束を受光した時刻との差に基づいて、前記対象物までの距離を測定するレーダー。
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WO2019044823A1 (ja) * | 2017-08-31 | 2019-03-07 | パイオニア株式会社 | 光学装置 |
CN110275176A (zh) * | 2019-08-08 | 2019-09-24 | 厦门市和奕华光电科技有限公司 | 一种激光雷达 |
WO2024042803A1 (ja) * | 2022-08-24 | 2024-02-29 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 光モジュール |
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WO2019021913A1 (ja) * | 2017-07-26 | 2019-01-31 | 株式会社小糸製作所 | 光学ユニット |
JP2020153715A (ja) * | 2019-03-18 | 2020-09-24 | 株式会社リコー | 測距装置および測距方法 |
WO2021010383A1 (ja) * | 2019-07-16 | 2021-01-21 | キヤノン株式会社 | 光学装置、それを備える車載システム及び移動装置 |
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- 2016-12-13 WO PCT/JP2016/086979 patent/WO2017110574A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2016-12-13 US US16/065,006 patent/US20190011539A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-12-13 EP EP16878465.0A patent/EP3396403A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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JP2018096871A (ja) * | 2016-12-14 | 2018-06-21 | アイシン精機株式会社 | 測距センサ |
WO2019044823A1 (ja) * | 2017-08-31 | 2019-03-07 | パイオニア株式会社 | 光学装置 |
JPWO2019044823A1 (ja) * | 2017-08-31 | 2020-09-17 | パイオニア株式会社 | 光学装置 |
CN110275176A (zh) * | 2019-08-08 | 2019-09-24 | 厦门市和奕华光电科技有限公司 | 一种激光雷达 |
WO2024042803A1 (ja) * | 2022-08-24 | 2024-02-29 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 光モジュール |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20190011539A1 (en) | 2019-01-10 |
EP3396403A1 (en) | 2018-10-31 |
EP3396403A4 (en) | 2018-12-26 |
JPWO2017110574A1 (ja) | 2018-10-11 |
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