WO2017110276A1 - Système d'alimentation électrique, dispositif de commande pour système d'alimentation électrique, et programme - Google Patents

Système d'alimentation électrique, dispositif de commande pour système d'alimentation électrique, et programme Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017110276A1
WO2017110276A1 PCT/JP2016/083152 JP2016083152W WO2017110276A1 WO 2017110276 A1 WO2017110276 A1 WO 2017110276A1 JP 2016083152 W JP2016083152 W JP 2016083152W WO 2017110276 A1 WO2017110276 A1 WO 2017110276A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power
power supply
inertia
facility
output
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PCT/JP2016/083152
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
正利 吉村
尚弘 楠見
守 木村
日野　徳昭
コーテット アウン
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株式会社日立製作所
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Publication of WO2017110276A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017110276A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
    • H02J3/241—The oscillation concerning frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power supply system, a control device for the power supply system, and a program.
  • a power system installed in a limited area is called a “local system”, and an existing wide-area power system is called a “upper system”.
  • the local system is linked to the upper system as necessary, and sells power to the upper system or purchases power from the upper system.
  • the abstract of Patent Document 1 states that “the electric power system 11 is a natural energy type power source 10 via a main bus 13 and an auxiliary bus 14 and a solar power generation facility 15. 16 is connected to the power load 17, and the total power of the power of the natural energy type power source 10 and the like is calculated by a total power calculation unit 19.
  • the main bus 13 is a dispersion that performs load following operation via the auxiliary bus.
  • an electric power storage device 22 comprising an engine generator 21 and a secondary battery, and the deviation between the load power detection value and the connection point received power set value is reduced by a low-pass filter 27 and a low-frequency component and a high-frequency component.
  • the engine generator 21 is controlled with a low frequency component and the power storage device 22 is controlled with a high frequency component ".
  • the power supply system of the present invention is: Power supply equipment connected to the load equipment via the power system and capable of increasing / decreasing output power based on an output command from the outside, A control device; And the control device includes: Based on system inertia related to the power system, a system inertia absorbed power calculation unit that calculates system inertia absorbed power so that a change range of the frequency of the power system falls within a predetermined range; A value obtained by subtracting the grid inertia absorption power from the shortage / surplus power that is a shortage or surplus of power in the power system, as the output command, a signal input / output unit that commands the power supply facility, It is characterized by having.
  • the power supply system can be operated at low cost.
  • FIG. It is a block diagram of the electric power system by one Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram of a control apparatus. It is a flowchart of the application program performed with a control apparatus.
  • FIG. It is a figure which shows the relationship of each output instruction
  • the power system A includes a host system 1 (another power system) that is a wide-area backbone power system, and an independent power supply system 20 (power supply system).
  • the independent power supply system 20 has a local system 2 (power system), and the local system 2 includes a control device 4, a power storage facility 5 (power source facility), an AC power source facility 6 (power source facility), and solar power generation.
  • a facility 7 natural energy power source facility
  • a wind power generation facility 8 natural energy power source facility
  • the interconnection device 3 includes a switch 3a for setting on / off of the grid connection between the upper grid 1 and the local grid 2, and a transformer 3b for adjusting the voltage on the local grid 2 side when grid interconnection is performed. If the switch 3a is turned off, the local system 2 becomes a system independent of the upper system 1.
  • the power storage facility 5 is a power supply facility having no inertia, and includes a storage battery, an inverter, an AC-DC converter, and the like (none of which are shown).
  • the storage battery is charged from the local system 2 via the AC-DC converter.
  • a storage battery is discharged and electric power is supplied to the local system 2 via an inverter.
  • the AC power supply facility 6 is a power supply facility having inertia, and includes, for example, a turbine generator, an engine generator, and the like.
  • the power generation output of the solar power generation facility 7 varies depending on the solar radiation conditions. Moreover, the power generation output of the wind power generation facility 8 varies depending on the wind speed situation. Equipment whose power generation output fluctuates due to these natural phenomena is sometimes called “natural energy power supply equipment”.
  • the load facility 9 includes a house that is a wide area power load, an office building that is a concentrated power load, a factory, and the like.
  • the control device 4 includes various electric quantities (power, voltage, power factor, etc.) transmitted from the local system 2 and each power supply facility, operating state signals such as state of charge (SOC) of the power storage facility 5, and interconnections. Based on the interconnection state signal of the device 3 and the system unit inertia constant which is the inertia constant of the entire independent power supply system 20, the power generation output suppression amount, the charge / discharge, etc. Supply power and other control commands.
  • SOC state of charge
  • the control device 4 includes a control arithmetic device 41, a signal input / output interface device 42 (signal input / output means, signal input / output unit), an input device 43, a display device 44, and a data storage device 45.
  • the control arithmetic unit 41 includes hardware as a general computer such as a central processing unit (CPU), a random access memory (RAM), a read only memory (ROM), and a hard disk drive (HDD). Stores an OS (Operating System), application programs, various data, and the like. The OS and application programs are expanded in the RAM and executed by the CPU.
  • the input device 43 is used by an operator to input an operation command for setting / correcting a control command or for maintenance.
  • the display device 44 is for the operator to check the driving situation and the like.
  • the data storage device 45 stores various data used for application programs to be described later.
  • the signal input / output interface device 42 mediates signal transmission inside the control device 4 and between the control device 4 and the components 3, 5 to 9.
  • the variable power output prediction calculation unit 411 calculates the predicted output power value P PV (t) of the solar power generation facility 7 and the predicted output power value P WF (t) of the wind power generation facility 8.
  • the demand power prediction calculation unit 412 calculates a demand power prediction value P LOAD (t) that is a prediction value of demand power of the independent power supply system 20.
  • the interconnection power calculation unit 413 calculates a predicted supply power value P SUP (t) that is an expected value of the supply power.
  • a power generation facility connected to the independent power supply system 20 excluding the natural energy power supply facility (7, 8) is referred to as a “distributed power supply”.
  • the power storage facility 5 and the AC power source facility 6 correspond to a distributed power source.
  • the distributed power output command calculation unit 414 in FIG. 2 calculates a distributed power output command P DP (t) that is the total value of power to be output from the distributed power.
  • System unit inertia constant calculation unit 415 calculates system unit inertia constant H.
  • the system unit inertia constant H is a value representing the “hardness of change” of the system frequency f of the local system 2 with respect to power fluctuation. That is, if the system unit inertia constant H is small, the system frequency f is likely to change with respect to power fluctuations. Conversely, if the system unit inertia constant H is large, the system frequency f is difficult to change with respect to power fluctuations.
  • system inertia absorbed power calculation unit 416 calculates system inertia absorbed power ⁇ P I (t).
  • the system inertia absorption power ⁇ P I (t) represents the power absorbed by the fluctuation of the system frequency f.
  • the distributed power supply correction output command calculation unit 417 includes a power storage facility output command P BATT (t) that is an output command to the power storage facility 5 and an AC power supply facility output command P EG (t that is an output command to the AC power supply facility 6. ) And calculate.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of an application program executed in the control arithmetic device 41.
  • the weather prediction data is data that predicts the future weather, and includes predictions such as “weather”, “solar radiation”, “temperature”, “wind speed”, “wind direction”, and the like.
  • the actually measured data is various kinds of actually measured data, and “demand power”, “power supply equipment operation state”, “electrical quantities”, “interconnection power”, “system unit inertia” in the independent power supply system 20.
  • Constant H "," weather data ", etc.
  • the “meteorological data” includes measured values such as “weather”, “amount of solar radiation”, “temperature”, “wind speed”, “wind direction”, and the like.
  • the “interconnection power” is power that is received or transmitted to the higher-order system 1.
  • step S32 the fluctuation power output prediction unit 411 (see FIG. 2) performs the predicted output power value P PV (t) of the photovoltaic power generation facility 7 and the predicted output power value P WF ( tw of the wind power generation facility 8). t) is calculated. That is, since the output power of the solar power generation facility 7 and the wind power generation facility 8 depends on the weather, the past weather data, the past output power, the future weather prediction data previously obtained in step S31, Based on this relationship, the future output power can be predicted.
  • the demand power prediction calculation unit 412 calculates a demand power predicted value P LOAD (t) that is a predicted value of demand power of the independent power supply system 20.
  • P LOAD a demand power predicted value of demand power of the independent power supply system 20.
  • An example of the calculated output power predicted values P PV (t), P WF (t) and the predicted power demand P LOAD (t) is shown in FIG.
  • the interconnection power calculation unit 413 calculates a supply power expected value P SUP (t). Specifically, the predicted power supply value P SUP (t) includes the predicted output power values P PV (t) and P WF (t) obtained in steps S32 and S33 and the predicted power demand value P LOAD ( Based on t), the following equation (1) is obtained. According to the equation (1), the interconnection power calculation unit 413 supplies power from the solar power generation facility 7 and the wind power generation facility 8 which are natural energy power supply facilities to the local system 2, and the power storage facility 5 or the AC power supply facility 6. Is prioritized over the power supply to the local system 2. Thereby, the capability of a natural energy power supply facility can be used effectively.
  • the interconnection power calculation unit 413 calculates an interconnection power expected value P GC (t) that is an expected value of the interconnection power. Further, the maximum value of the interconnection power is referred to as the maximum interconnection power P GCLIM (t).
  • the maximum interconnection power P GCLIM (t) is determined based on a contract between the operator of the upper grid 1 and the operator of the independent power supply system 20, but generally varies depending on the date and time. It is a function of t.
  • the interconnected power expected value P GC (t) is determined to be within a range of ⁇ P GCLIM (t).
  • the interconnected power expected value P GC (t) is zero.
  • the predicted interconnected power value P GC (t) is the expected power supply value P SUP (t). It is desirable to determine so as to match or approximate the high frequency component.
  • interconnection power calculating section 413 in the case of interconnection Yes, distributed power output command frequency components of P DP (t) is borne on the upper line 1, the remaining frequency components system inertia absorbed power [Delta] P I ( t) and a distributed power source (the power storage facility 5 and the AC power source facility 6).
  • the distributed power output command calculation unit 414 calculates a distributed power output command P DP (t) based on the following equation (2).
  • the distributed power output command P DP (t) is a total value of the power to be output by the distributed power supply (the power storage facility 5 and the AC power facility 6).
  • step S37 it is determined whether or not a “frequency variation event” has occurred. Therefore, the “frequency fluctuation event” will be described.
  • a measured value of the difference between the actual supplied power (the sum of the power supplied from the host system 1, the power storage facility 5, and the AC power supply facility 6) and the actual demand power is referred to as “power variation measured value ⁇ P”.
  • step S37 it is determined whether or not a frequency variation event has occurred based on whether or not the measured power change amount ⁇ P exceeds a predetermined value. If it is determined “Yes” in step S37, the process proceeds to step S38. If it is determined “No”, the process proceeds to step S39.
  • step S38 the system unit inertia constant calculating unit 415 calculates and updates the system unit inertia constant H based on the following equation (3).
  • the system unit inertia constant H is included in the “actual measurement data” read from the data storage device 45 when step S31 is executed.
  • the system unit inertia constant H is updated based on the equation (3).
  • the updated value of the system unit inertia constant H is also written in the data storage device 45 and is reflected when step S31 is executed next.
  • H is the system unit inertia constant (s)
  • ⁇ P is the power change measurement value (pu)
  • f is the system frequency
  • ⁇ f is the frequency change measurement value (Hz)
  • f 0. Is the rated frequency (Hz).
  • the system unit inertia constant H can be obtained. That is, the system unit inertia constant calculation unit 415 has a function of calculating the system unit inertia constant H based on the inertia of the power storage facility 5, the AC power supply facility 6, the load facility 9, and the like.
  • the system unit inertia constant calculation unit 415 is connected to the independent power supply system 20.
  • the sum of the inertia constants of the power supply facility 6 and the load facility 9 is calculated, and thereby the initial value of the system unit inertia constant H is calculated.
  • ⁇ f LIM is a system frequency deviation command value indicating an allowable value of the frequency change amount, and the value can be appropriately determined by the operator of the independent power supply system 20.
  • System inertia absorbed power ⁇ P I (t) represents power that can be absorbed by system inertia.
  • the distributed power supply correction output command calculation unit 417 executes the process of step S40.
  • the correction output command P DP (t) * is calculated based on the following equation (5).
  • the corrected output command P DP (t) * obtained by Expression (5) is a command for the total value of the electric power output from the power storage facility 5 and the AC power supply facility 6.
  • the distributed power supply correction output command calculation unit 417 stores the power storage that is an output command for the power storage facility 5 based on the correction output command P DP (t) * obtained in step S40.
  • the facility output command P BATT (t) and the AC power facility output command P EG (t), which is an output command for the AC power facility 6, are calculated so as to satisfy the following equation (6).
  • step S42 the control arithmetic device 41 sends the above-described control commands (P BATT (t), P EG (t), P DP (t), etc.) to the signal input / output interface device 42.
  • the AC power supply facility 6 the solar power generation facility 7, the wind power generation facility 8, the interconnection device 3, and the like.
  • a process returns to step S31 and the operation
  • distributed power output command P DP (t), corrected output command P DP (t) *, system inertia absorbed power ⁇ P I (t), power storage facility output command P BATT (t), The mutual relationship between the AC power supply facility output command P EG (t) will be described.
  • the distributed power output command P DP (t) rises in a step shape at time t3.
  • the corrected output command P DP (t) * has a waveform obtained by attenuating the high frequency component of the distributed power output command P DP (t).
  • Expression (5) the difference between the two (region QA) is borne by the system inertial absorption power ⁇ P I (t).
  • the medium frequency component (region QB) is borne by the storage facility output command P BATT (t), and the lowest frequency component (region QC) is output from the AC power supply facility.
  • the directive P EG (t) is borne by the medium frequency component (region QB)
  • FIGS. 4C, 4D, and 4E are waveform diagrams of the power storage facility output command P BATT (t), the AC power supply facility output command P EG (t), and the measured frequency change ⁇ f, respectively, and are solid lines. Is the present embodiment, and the broken line is the comparative example.
  • the “comparative example” is an example in which the storage facility output command P BATT (t) and the AC power facility output command P EG (t) are set without considering the system inertia absorption power ⁇ P I (t). is there.
  • the system inertia absorption power ⁇ P I (t) is generated by changing the frequency variation measurement value ⁇ f within the range of ⁇ ⁇ f LIM , and the presence of the system inertia absorption power ⁇ P I (t) is determined.
  • output commands P BATT (t) and P EG (t) can be determined.
  • FIG. 4 (c) the as shown (d), the output command than Comparative Example P BATT (t), the output response speed of the P EG (t) Output
  • the change width can be suppressed.
  • the burden (especially the request
  • the grid connection is cut off at time t10. This is because the grid connection is suddenly cut off due to a power failure of the upper system 1 or the like. Is assumed. Even when the grid connection is suddenly cut off at time t10 and the predicted grid power value P GC (t) becomes zero, according to this embodiment, the grid unit inertia constant H and the grid frequency deviation command Based on the value ⁇ f LIM , the system inertia absorbed power ⁇ P I (t) is calculated, and the distributed power output command P DP (t) is calculated on the assumption that the system inertia absorbed power ⁇ P I (t) exists. Thereby, the fluctuation
  • the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made.
  • the above-described embodiments are illustrated for easy understanding of the present invention, and are not necessarily limited to those having all the configurations described. Further, a part of the configuration of an embodiment can be replaced with the configuration of another embodiment, and the configuration of another embodiment can be added to the configuration of an embodiment. Further, it is possible to delete a part of the configuration of each embodiment, or to add or replace another configuration. Examples of possible modifications to the above embodiment are as follows.
  • the power supply facilities are not limited to these, and may be geothermal power generation facilities, ocean current power generation facilities, tidal power generation facilities, small hydropower generation facilities, and the like.
  • the system frequency deviation command value ⁇ f LIM may be switched according to the date and time. Generally, in homes and office buildings, even if the amount of frequency change increases, there is a tendency that no particular inconvenience occurs. On the other hand, in a factory, when the frequency change amount is large, a product may be defective. When such a factory is included in the load facility 9, the system frequency deviation command value ⁇ f LIM may be decreased during the operation period of the factory facility, and ⁇ f LIM may be increased during the stop period of the factory facility.
  • the system unit inertia constant H1 is a common value regardless of whether or not the upper system 1 and the local system 2 are connected, but the system unit inertia constant H1 in the case of connection is present. And the system unit inertia constant H2 in the case of no interconnection may be calculated separately. Further, when the system unit inertia constant H1 or H2 is calculated in step S38, the moving average value of the latest calculated value of H1 or H2 and the past calculated value is obtained, and this moving average value is replaced with H1 or H2. May be applied.
  • the corrected output command P DP (t) * was calculated by equation (5).
  • the calculation method of ⁇ P I (t) and P DP (t) * is not limited to this. For example, high-pass filter processing is performed on the distributed power output command P DP (t) to obtain the system inertia absorbed power ⁇ P I (t), and the system inertia absorbed power ⁇ P is calculated from the distributed power output command P DP (t).
  • FIG. 3 Although the process shown in FIG. 3 has been described as a software process using a program in the above embodiment, a part or all of the process is an ASIC (Application (Specific Integrated Circuit) or FPGA. It may be replaced with hardware processing using (field-programmable gate array) or the like.
  • ASIC Application (Specific Integrated Circuit) or FPGA. It may be replaced with hardware processing using (field-programmable gate array) or the like.

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système d'alimentation électrique qui peut être exploité de manière économique. Le système d'alimentation électrique comprend : une installation d'alimentation électrique (5, 6) qui est connectée à une installation de charge (9) par l'intermédiaire d'un réseau de distribution d'énergie (2) et peut augmenter/diminuer sa puissance de sortie sur la base d'une instruction de sortie externe (PBATT(t), PEG(t)); et un dispositif de commande (4). Le dispositif de commande (4) comporte : une unité de calcul de puissance électrique absorbée par inertie de système (416) pour calculer une puissance électrique absorbée par inertie de système (ΔPI(t)) sur la base de l'inertie de système (H) appartenant au réseau de distribution d'énergie (2) de manière que la plage de variation de fréquence du réseau de distribution d'énergie (2) s'inscrive dans une plage prédéterminée (±ΔfLIM); et une unité d'entrée/sortie de signal (42) pour envoyer une valeur obtenue par soustraction de la puissance électrique absorbée par inertie de système (ΔPI(t)) d'une puissance électrique en déficit/excédent (PDP(t)), c'est-à-dire un déficit ou un excédent de puissance électrique dans le réseau de distribution d'énergie (2), à l'installation d'alimentation électrique (5, 6) à titre d'instruction de sortie (PBATT(t), PEG(t)).
PCT/JP2016/083152 2015-12-25 2016-11-09 Système d'alimentation électrique, dispositif de commande pour système d'alimentation électrique, et programme WO2017110276A1 (fr)

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CN111953014A (zh) * 2020-07-24 2020-11-17 天津大学 基于超级电容储能的光伏发电虚拟惯量补偿系统及方法

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JP7025973B2 (ja) * 2018-03-28 2022-02-25 株式会社日立製作所 分散電源の制御装置
JP7358836B2 (ja) * 2019-08-21 2023-10-11 東京電力ホールディングス株式会社 慣性推定装置、慣性推定プログラム及び慣性推定方法
JP7358837B2 (ja) * 2019-08-21 2023-10-11 東京電力ホールディングス株式会社 慣性推定装置、慣性推定プログラム及び慣性推定方法
KR102318452B1 (ko) * 2019-08-27 2021-10-28 한국전력공사 On-line 전력계통 관성 모니터링 및 주파수 시뮬레이션 방법 및 장치
KR102639221B1 (ko) * 2019-12-12 2024-02-22 한국전력공사 계통의 관성 에너지 모니터링 방법 및 시스템

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JP2012034452A (ja) * 2010-07-29 2012-02-16 Hitachi Ltd スマートグリッドの監視制御方法及び装置
WO2015067602A2 (fr) * 2013-11-06 2015-05-14 Reactive Technologies Limited Réponse en fréquence de réseau électrique

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JP2008022612A (ja) * 2006-07-11 2008-01-31 Central Res Inst Of Electric Power Ind 緊急時周波数制御装置および緊急時周波数制御方法
JP2012034452A (ja) * 2010-07-29 2012-02-16 Hitachi Ltd スマートグリッドの監視制御方法及び装置
WO2015067602A2 (fr) * 2013-11-06 2015-05-14 Reactive Technologies Limited Réponse en fréquence de réseau électrique

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111953014A (zh) * 2020-07-24 2020-11-17 天津大学 基于超级电容储能的光伏发电虚拟惯量补偿系统及方法

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