WO2017107663A1 - 一种高密封性耐高温闸门及其使用方法 - Google Patents

一种高密封性耐高温闸门及其使用方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017107663A1
WO2017107663A1 PCT/CN2016/103863 CN2016103863W WO2017107663A1 WO 2017107663 A1 WO2017107663 A1 WO 2017107663A1 CN 2016103863 W CN2016103863 W CN 2016103863W WO 2017107663 A1 WO2017107663 A1 WO 2017107663A1
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Prior art keywords
shutter
sealing
cooling water
sealing material
water jacket
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PCT/CN2016/103863
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李效东
邱江波
夏明�
黄小兵
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天津闪速炼铁技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2017107663A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017107663A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
    • C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/18—Door frames; Doors, lids, removable covers
    • F27D1/1858—Doors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/18—Door frames; Doors, lids, removable covers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/18—Door frames; Doors, lids, removable covers
    • F27D1/1858—Doors
    • F27D2001/1891—Doors for separating two chambers in the furnace

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of high temperature melting, and in particular relates to a high sealing high temperature resistant gate and a method of using the same.
  • a retaining wall is provided to isolate the melt or the flue gas, but the retaining wall is fixed and cannot change its position and length.
  • An adjustable retaining wall such as a gate, is often required as a quick and flexible means of regulating the furnace and stabilizing production.
  • the gate is installed on the wall of the fire smelting device, the gate system itself is required to have a good sealing property to prevent high temperature furnace gas or melt leakage; at the same time, the conventional fire smelting device, smelting The temperature generally reaches above 1000 °C. The melt in the molten pool has a certain pH and strong scouring.
  • the current gate system is generally not sealed, and it cannot meet the above-mentioned harsh environment with high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and erosion resistance.
  • the present invention aims to propose a high-sealing high-temperature resistant gate and a method of using the same to solve the problem that the gate device cannot be quickly and flexibly adjusted in the fire melting apparatus.
  • the utility model relates to a high sealing high temperature resistant gate, which comprises a ram and a cooling water jacket.
  • the cooling water jacket is arranged in parallel on both sides of the ram, and a sealing material layer is arranged in the gap between the cooling water jacket and the ram, and an electrode is arranged in the ram.
  • the surface of the shutter is sintered or powdered with an insulating layer.
  • the shutter is a carbon fiber composite carbon material shutter, and a silicon nitride layer is sintered on the surface of the shutter.
  • the sealing material layer is one of a smelting slag layer, a metal melt layer, and a soot slag layer.
  • the cooling water jacket is one of a copper cooling water jacket, a cast iron cooling water jacket, a steel cooling water jacket, a stainless steel cooling water jacket, and an aluminum nitride cooling water jacket.
  • the power supply of the electrode in the shutter is turned on, the shutter is heated, the surface temperature of the shutter is slightly higher than the melting point of the sealing material layer, and the temperature is maintained, so that the sealing material layer close to the surface of the shutter is shallowly melted. , reducing the friction of the movement of the shutter and adjusting the position of the shutter;
  • the power supply of the electrode in the shutter is closed, and the cooling water jacket outside the sealing material layer cools the sealing material layer, so that the sealing material layer is reduced to a solid state, and the shutter is fixed.
  • the existence of the cooling water jacket causes the temperature of the sealing material to be distributed from the surface of the ram to the surface of the cooling water jacket to ensure a stable stability of the sealing material.
  • the alternating current working voltage of the electrodes in the shutter is ⁇ 380V.
  • the DC working voltage of the electrode in the shutter is ⁇ 36V.
  • the sealing material layer has a fixed melting point and good thermal conductivity.
  • the surface of the shutter is sintered or powdered with an insulating layer.
  • the sealing material layer uses a high temperature container smelting slag or a metal melt or ash in the flue gas.
  • the gate can be embedded in various high temperature container equipments. According to the actual application, the safety voltage can be used ⁇ 36V in the place where safety requirements are applied. According to the pressure conditions in different high temperature containers, the length of the cooling water jacket and the gate gap can be adjusted. The width, that is, the length and width of the layer of the sealing material to be filled, so that the ram can maintain a good sealing under different pressure conditions; when the moving ram is not required, the cooling water jacket functions as a sealing material layer Cool down, keep it solid and fix the ram to cope with the temperature rise of the sealing material layer caused by the surrounding environment heat.
  • the sealing material layer may be worn, the corresponding sealing material may be melted and poured into the cooling water jacket and the gate gap loss region.
  • the sealing material should have a fixed melting point.
  • high temperature container smelting slag or metal melt or ash in flue gas is preferred; for example, the gate is installed on the upper part of the pyrometallurgical device for dust prevention and adjustment of smoke. Gas flow rate, if the ash in the flue gas is used as the sealing material, the ash in the flue gas will be automatically replenished once the sealing material is worn out.
  • the ram needs to take into account the functions of the baffle and the electric heating body. It can be used directly, or it can be sintered or powdered on the surface of the electric heating body to form a ram with good thermal conductivity, high temperature resistance, erosion resistance and corrosion resistance.
  • materials with good thermal conductivity such as copper, cast iron, steel, stainless steel, and aluminum nitride can be used.
  • the high-sealing high-temperature resistant gate and the method of using the same according to the present invention have the following advantages:
  • the invention relates to a high-sealing high-temperature resistant gate and a method for using the same, which is the first time in the high-temperature melting field to use a gate system to adjust the furnace condition, the adjustment mode is fast and flexible, the gate sealing property is good, the gate plate has good thermal conductivity and high temperature resistance, Corrosion resistant, impact resistant and long service life.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a high-sealing high-temperature resistant gate according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the use method of a high-sealing high-temperature resistant gate according to the present invention.
  • 1-gate 2-sealing material layer, 3-cooling water jacket, 4-high sealing high temperature resistant gate, 5-coke filter layer, 6-slag layer, 7-smelting zone, 8-electrothermal zone.
  • a high-sealing high-temperature resistant gate comprises a shutter 1 and a cooling water jacket 3 , and the cooling water jacket 3 is arranged in parallel on both sides of the shutter 1 , and the gap between the cooling water jacket 3 and the shutter 1 is The sealing material layer 2 is filled, and electrodes are provided in the shutter 1.
  • the surface of the shutter is sintered or powdered with an insulating layer.
  • the shutter 1 of the embodiment is provided with an insulating layer, which can prevent the electrodes in the shutter 1 from being electrically connected to the entire device, so that the entire device is charged. Damage to personnel.
  • the shutter 1 is a carbon fiber composite carbon material shutter, and a silicon nitride layer is sintered on the surface of the shutter 1.
  • the shutter 1 of the embodiment has good thermal conductivity, good sealing performance, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and impact resistance.
  • the sealing material layer 2 is a soot slag layer or a smelting slag layer or a metal melt layer.
  • the sealing material layer 2 of the embodiment adopts a ash layer or a smelting slag layer, which is related to the use environment of the gate of the present invention.
  • the gate is mostly embedded in a high-temperature melting equipment, and the sealing material layer is selected for the convenience of taking materials. Ash slag layer, smelting slag layer or metal melt layer.
  • the cooling water jacket is one of a copper cooling water jacket, a cast iron cooling water jacket, a steel cooling water jacket, a stainless steel cooling water jacket, and an aluminum nitride cooling water jacket.
  • the cooling water jacket material of the embodiment is selected to be suitable for the environment and has good thermal conductivity.
  • the power supply of the electrodes in the shutter 1 is turned on, and the shutter 1 is heated, so that the surface temperature of the shutter 1 is slightly higher than the melting point of the sealing material layer 2, and the temperature is maintained to be close to the surface of the shutter 1.
  • the sealing material layer 2 is shallowly melted, reducing the frictional force of the movement of the shutter 1, and adjusting the position of the shutter 1;
  • the power of the electrode in the shutter 1 is turned off, and the outer cooling jacket 3 of the sealing material layer 2 cools the sealing material layer 2, the sealing material layer 2 is reduced to a solid state, and the shutter 1 is fixed.
  • the brake plate 1 is prevented from causing loss of the sealing material due to excessive liquefaction of the sealing material due to excessive temperature, and affecting the airtightness between the shutter 1 and the cooling water jacket 3.
  • the presence of the cooling water jacket 3 causes the temperature of the sealing material layer 2 to have a temperature gradient from the surface of the shutter 1 to the surface of the cooling water jacket 3, ensuring the overall sealing material layer 2 Stability.
  • the working voltage of the electrodes in the shutter 1 is ⁇ 36V.
  • the working voltage described in this embodiment can make the shutter 1 not be insulated, and it will not cause harm to personnel.
  • AC voltages below 380V can also be selected.
  • the sealing material layer 2 has a fixed melting point.
  • the sealing material layer 2 of the embodiment has a fixed melting point, so that the electrode heating operation in the shutter 1 can be stably maintained within a fixed working temperature, thereby reducing the operation difficulty.
  • the material of the shutter 1 is a carbon fiber composite carbon material, and a silicon nitride layer is sintered on the surface, and the thermal conductivity, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and impact resistance are excellent, and the shutter 1
  • the electrode is embedded; the cooling water jacket 3 material is copper; and the sealing material layer 2 is made of smelting furnace slag.
  • the high-sealing high-temperature resistant gate 4 of the present invention is installed on the upper furnace wall at the junction of the melting chamber 7 and the electric heating zone 8 of the Kfsset furnace, and the lower end of the shutter 1 penetrates the slag of the molten pool.
  • the shutter 1 can isolate the smelting flue gas of the smelting zone 7 and the electrothermal zone 8 and block the movement of the coke of the coke filter layer 5 to the electrothermal zone 8, when it is necessary to adjust the thickness of the slag layer 6 or adjust the melt from the smelting zone 7
  • the shutter 1 can be adjusted to move up and down.
  • the specific adjustment method is as follows: the electrode power supply in the shutter 1 is turned on, and the shutter 1 is heated to the temperature of the molten slag layer 6 for the Kiefu game.
  • Lead furnace smelting lead the temperature is 1200 ° C
  • the sealing material layer on the surface of the ram 1 is shallowly melted
  • the ram 1 is moved to the desired position
  • the power is quickly turned off
  • the ram 1 is cooled
  • a sealing body is formed between the plate 1 and the cooling water jacket 3.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)

Abstract

一种高密封性耐高温闸门及其使用方法，闸门包括闸板（1）、冷却水套（3）。冷却水套（3）平行设置于闸板（1）两侧，冷却水套（3）与闸板（1）两侧间隙内设置密封材料层（2），闸板（1）内设置电极。使用该闸门密封性好，实现了在高温熔炼领域使用闸门系统调节炉况，调节方式快速灵活，闸板（1）导热性能好、耐高温、耐腐蚀、抗冲击，使用寿命长。

Description

一种高密封性耐高温闸门及其使用方法 技术领域
本发明属于高温熔炼领域，尤其是涉及一种高密封性耐高温闸门及其使用方法。
背景技术
目前在一些火法熔炼装置中，设置有挡墙，以隔离熔体或烟气，但挡墙是固定式的，无法改变其位置和长度，而在实际生产中，随着工艺参数的变化，往往需要一种可调节式的挡墙，比如闸门，作为一种快速灵活的调节炉矿、稳定生产的手段。另一方面，若把闸门安装在火法熔炼装置的炉壁上，则要求闸门系统本身具有较好的密封性，以防高温炉气或熔体泄露；同时，常规的火法熔炼装置，熔炼温度一般可达1000℃以上，熔池内的熔体具有一定的酸碱度，也有较强的冲刷性，目前的闸门系统普遍不能密封，也无法满足上述耐高温、耐腐蚀、耐冲刷的严苛环境，在高温冶金领域还没有应用闸门的先例。因而开发一种密封性好，同时可应用于高温、腐蚀和冲刷性强的严苛环境中的闸门装置是高温熔炼领域一个急待解决的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明旨在提出一种高密封性耐高温闸门及其使用方法，以解决目前在火法熔炼装置中无法应用闸门装置快速灵活调节炉况的问题。
为达到上述目的，本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：
一种高密封性耐高温闸门，包括闸板、冷却水套，冷却水套平行设置于闸板两侧，冷却水套与闸板两侧间隙内设置密封材料层，闸板内设置电极。
进一步的，所述闸板表面烧结或粉结有绝缘层。
进一步的，所述闸板为碳纤维复合碳材料闸板，闸板表面烧结一层氮化硅层。
进一步的，所述密封材料层为冶炼渣层、金属熔体层、烟灰渣层中的一种。
进一步的，所述冷却水套为铜冷却水套、铸铁冷却水套、钢冷却水套、不锈钢冷却水套、氮化铝冷却水套中的一种。
一种高密封性耐高温闸门的使用方法，
当需要移动闸门时，接通闸板内电极的电源，加热闸板，使闸板的表面温度稍高于密封材料层的熔点，并维持该温度，使接近闸板表面的密封材料层浅熔化，降低闸板移动的摩擦力，调节闸板位置；
当需要固定闸门时，关闭闸板内电极的电源，密封材料层外冷却水套为密封材料层降温，使密封材料层还原为固态，并固定闸板。
在把闸板调节到所需位置后，需要迅速关闭闸板电极电源，使密封材料层凝结固定闸板，避免由于温度过高，使密封材料过度液化流失后造成密封材料损耗，并且影响闸板与冷却水套之间的气密性。
在整个移动和固定闸板的过程中，冷却水套的存在使密封材料的温度从闸板表面到冷却水套表面方向呈一个降温梯度分布，保证密封材料整体的稳固性。
进一步的，所述闸板内电极的交流工作电压≤380V。
进一步的，所述闸板内电极的直流工作电压≤36V。
进一步的，所述密封材料层有固定的熔点和良好的导热性。
进一步的，所述闸板表面烧结或粉结有绝缘层。
进一步的，所述密封材料层使用高温容器冶炼渣或金属熔体或烟气中的灰渣。
该闸门可嵌于各种高温容器设备中，根据实际应用情况，有安全要求的地方可以用安全电压≤36V；根据应用在不同高温容器内的压力情况，调节冷却水套与闸门间隙的长度和宽度，即灌注的密封材料层的长度和宽度，以适应在不同的压力条件下，闸板都能保持良好的密封性；当不需要移动闸板时，冷却水套的作用是为密封材料层降温，使其保持固态并固定闸板，以应对周边环境热量可能引起的密封材料层的升温。
在实际应用中，若密封材料层有损耗，可把相应密封材料融化后灌注于冷却水套与闸门间隙损耗区。
密封材料应具有固定的熔点，为了便于补充及就地取材，优选高温容器冶炼渣或金属熔体或烟气中的灰渣；例如，闸门安装于高温冶金装置的上部用于挡尘和调节烟气流速，若以烟气中灰渣为密封材料，则一旦密封材料有损耗，则烟气中的灰渣则会自动进行补充。
闸板需要兼顾挡板和电热体的功能，可以直接使用，也可以选择在电热体表面烧结或粉结一层绝缘层，组成导热性能好、耐高温、耐冲刷、耐腐蚀的闸板。
冷却水套可以使用铜、铸铁、钢、不锈钢、氮化铝等导热性能好的材料。
相对于现有技术，本发明所述的一种高密封性耐高温闸门及其使用方法具有以下优势：
本发明所述的一种高密封性耐高温闸门及其使用方法是首次在高温熔炼领域使用闸门系统调节炉况，该调节方式快速灵活，闸门密封性好，闸板导热性能好、耐高温、耐腐蚀、抗冲击，使用寿命长。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1为本发明所述的一种高密封性耐高温闸门结构示意图；
图2为本发明所述的一种高密封性耐高温闸门的使用方法示意图。
附图标记说明：
1-闸板，2-密封材料层，3-冷却水套，4-高密封性耐高温闸门，5-焦滤层，6-渣层，7-熔炼区，8-电热区。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
如图1所示，一种高密封性耐高温闸门，包括闸板1、冷却水套3，冷却水套3平行设置于闸板1两侧，冷却水套3与闸板1两侧间隙内充填密封材料层2，闸板1内设置电极。
如图1所示，所述闸板表面烧结或粉结有绝缘层，本实施例所述闸板1设置绝缘层，可以避免闸板1内的电极与整个设备导通，使整个设备带电，造成人员伤害。
如图1所示，所述闸板1为碳纤维复合碳材料闸板，闸板1表面烧结一层氮化硅层。本实施例所述闸板1导热性能好，密封性好，耐高温、耐腐蚀、抗冲击。
如图1所示，所述密封材料层2为烟灰渣层或冶炼渣层或金属熔体层。本实施例所述密封材料层2采用灰渣层或冶炼渣层，这与本发明所述闸门的使用环境相关，该闸门多嵌于高温熔炼设备上使用，为了便于取材，因此密封材料层选取烟灰渣层、冶炼渣层或金属熔体层。
如图1所示，所述冷却水套为铜冷却水套、铸铁冷却水套、钢冷却水套、不锈钢冷却水套、氮化铝冷却水套中的一种。本实施例所述冷却水套材料的选取要适合使用环境，同时具有良好的导热性。
现结合附图2对一种高密封性耐高温闸门的使用方法做进一步详细的说明：
一种高密封性耐高温闸门的使用方法，
当需要移动闸门时，接通闸板1内电极的电源，加热闸板1，使闸板1的表面温度稍高于密封材料层2的熔点，并维持该温度，使接近闸板1表面的密封材料层2浅熔化，降低闸板1移动的摩擦力，调节闸板1位置；
当需要固定闸门时，关闭闸板1内电极的电源，密封材料层2外冷却水套3为密封材料层2降温，使密封材料层2还原为固态，并固定闸板1。
在把闸板1调节到所需位置后，需要迅速关闭闸板1电极电源，使密封材料层2凝结固 定闸板1，避免由于温度过高，使密封材料过度液化流失后造成密封材料损耗，并且影响闸板1与冷却水套3之间的气密性。
在整个移动和固定闸板1的过程中，冷却水套3的存在使密封材料层2的温度从闸板1表面到冷却水套3表面方向呈一个降温梯度分布，保证密封材料层2整体的稳固性。
所述闸板1内电极的工作电压≤36V。本实施例所述工作电压，可以使闸板1未进行绝缘处理的情况下，也不会对人员造成危害。当然，由于工程需要，在做好安全措施防护的情况下，也可以选用380V以下的交流电压。
所述密封材料层2有固定的熔点。本实施例所述密封材料层2有固定的熔点，使闸板1内的电极加热操作可以稳定的维持在一个固定的工作温度内，降低操作难度。
具体实施例：
结合图1，本发明所述高密封性耐高温闸门，闸板1材料为碳纤维复合碳材料，表面烧结一层氮化硅，其导热性能、耐高温耐腐蚀、抗冲击能力优秀，闸板1内嵌有电极；冷却水套3材料为铜；密封材料层2采用冶炼炉渣。
结合图1与图2，把本发明所述高密封性耐高温闸门4安装于基夫赛特炉熔炼区7与电热区8的交界处的上部炉壁上，闸板1下端深入熔池的渣层6中，闸板1可以隔绝熔炼区7和电热区8的冶炼烟气并阻挡焦滤层5的焦炭向电热区8的移动，当需要调节渣层6厚度或调节熔体从熔炼区7向电热区8流动的速度时，可以调节闸板1使其上下移动，具体的调节方法为：接通闸板1内电极电源，闸板1被加热至熔化渣层6的温度，对于基夫赛特炉炼铅，该温度为1200℃，使闸板1表面的密封材料层浅熔化，移动闸板1至所需位置，迅速断电，让闸板1冷却，作为密封材料的冶炼炉渣在闸板1和冷却水套3之间形成密封体。
以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种高密封性耐高温闸门，其特征在于：包括闸板(1)、冷却水套(3)，冷却水套(3)平行设置于闸板(1)两侧，冷却水套(3)与闸板(1)两侧间隙内设置密封材料层(2)，闸板(1)内设置电极。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的高密封性耐高温闸门，其特征在于：所述闸板(1)表面烧结或粉结有绝缘层。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的高密封性耐高温闸门，其特征在于：所述闸板(1)为碳纤维复合碳材料闸板，闸板(1)表面烧结氮化硅层。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的高密封性耐高温闸门，其特征在于：所述密封材料层(2)为烟灰渣层、冶炼渣层、金属熔体层中的一种。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的高密封性耐高温闸门，其特征在于：所述冷却水套(3)为铜冷却水套、铸铁冷却水套、钢冷却水套、不锈钢冷却水套、氮化铝冷却水套中的一种。
  6. 一种高密封性耐高温闸门的使用方法，其特征在于：
    当需要移动闸门时，接通闸板(1)内电极的电源，加热闸板(1)，使闸板(1)的表面温度稍高于密封材料层(2)的熔点，使接近闸板(1)表面的密封材料层(2)浅熔化，降低闸板(1)移动的摩擦力，调节闸板(1)位置；
    当需要固定闸门时，关闭闸板(1)内电极的电源，密封材料层(2)外冷却水套(3)为密封材料层(2)降温，使密封材料层(2)还原为固态，并固定闸板(1)。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的高密封性耐高温闸门的使用方法，其特征在于：所述闸板(1)内电极的交流工作电压≤380V。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的高密封性耐高温闸门的使用方法，其特征在于：所述闸板(1)内电极的直流工作电压≤36V。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的高密封性耐高温闸门的使用方法，其特征在于：所述闸板(1)表面烧结或粉结有绝缘层。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的高密封性耐高温闸门的使用方法，其特征在于：所述密封材料层(2)有固定的熔点，且密封材料层(2)使用高温容器的冶炼渣或金属熔体或冶炼烟气中的灰渣。
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