WO2017104127A1 - Vanne de régulation de fluide et climatiseur utilisant celle-ci - Google Patents

Vanne de régulation de fluide et climatiseur utilisant celle-ci Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017104127A1
WO2017104127A1 PCT/JP2016/005106 JP2016005106W WO2017104127A1 WO 2017104127 A1 WO2017104127 A1 WO 2017104127A1 JP 2016005106 W JP2016005106 W JP 2016005106W WO 2017104127 A1 WO2017104127 A1 WO 2017104127A1
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Prior art keywords
valve
fluid
refrigerant
air conditioner
brass alloy
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PCT/JP2016/005106
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
正雄 犬井
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パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社
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Application filed by パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 filed Critical パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社
Priority to CN201680007752.8A priority Critical patent/CN107208190B/zh
Priority to DE112016005810.1T priority patent/DE112016005810T5/de
Priority to MYPI2017702139A priority patent/MY191315A/en
Publication of WO2017104127A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017104127A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/02—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with screw-spindle
    • F16K1/04—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with screw-spindle with a cut-off member rigid with the spindle, e.g. main valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K27/00—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor
    • F16K27/02—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor of lift valves

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fluid on-off valve such as a two-way valve or a three-way valve interposed in a refrigerant pipe of a refrigeration cycle, and more particularly to a fluid on-off valve capable of reducing environmental load and an air conditioner using the same. Is.
  • an apparatus using a refrigeration cycle for example, an air conditioner, is configured by connecting an indoor unit and an outdoor unit with a refrigerant pipe, and the refrigerant pipe has a service port for air purge and refrigerant filling after the pipe is connected.
  • a three-way valve is provided (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
  • FIG. 7 shows an air conditioner described in Patent Document 1.
  • This air conditioner is configured by connecting an outdoor unit 100 and an indoor unit 101 with refrigerant pipes 103a and 103b, and a two-way valve 104 and a three-way valve 105 are interposed at the connection of the refrigerant pipes 103a and 103b. Yes.
  • the service port 106 of the three-way valve 105 is opened and closed to perform air purging and refrigerant filling after pipe connection.
  • the conventional air conditioner can use the three-way valve 105 to perform air purge without leaking the refrigerant, and can be constructed without causing a load on the environment by leaking the refrigerant. There is.
  • the two-way valve 104 and the three-way valve 105 are complicated in shape and require high accuracy, they are made of a material with good workability and are currently formed of a brass alloy containing lead.
  • This brass alloy is a suitable material for fluid on-off valves with complex and high accuracy because of its excellent corrosion resistance, machinability, mechanical properties, etc. There is a problem that it becomes a heavy load part.
  • this fluid on-off valve is a brass on-off valve made of brass alloy which can be said to be substantially lead-free with a lead content of 1000 ppm or less.
  • the brass alloy constituting the fluid on-off valve reacts with ammonia contained in the atmosphere and stress corrosion cracking occurs.
  • fluid on-off valves such as two-way valves and three-way valves that are used in refrigerant piping are usually installed in outdoor units and are constantly exposed to the atmosphere. Since it is easy to touch the ammonia generated from the excrement of small animals, the aforementioned stress corrosion cracking is likely to occur.
  • the temperature of the on-off valve for fluid such as a two-way valve or a three-way valve that is used by interposing in the refrigerant pipe may be about 60 ° C. and considerably higher than the atmosphere due to the refrigerant flowing inside. Therefore, the sensitivity to the reaction with ammonia is increased, and in this respect, stress corrosion cracking is likely to occur.
  • the present invention has been promoted to lead-free in consideration of these points, and provides a substantially lead-free fluid on-off valve that prevents stress corrosion cracking at a practical level and an air conditioner using the same. To do.
  • the fluid on-off valve is formed of a brass alloy having a lead content of 1000 ppm or less and containing Sn of 0.8% or more.
  • the present invention can prevent stress corrosion cracking of the on-off valve for fluid while reducing the environmental load, and can improve the reliability of the on-off valve for fluid and the air conditioner using the same. it can.
  • FIG. 1 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of the air conditioner according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2A is a front view showing an appearance of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2B is a side view showing a part of the piping cover of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the three-way valve of the air conditioner according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded cross-sectional view showing the three-way valve of the air conditioner according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a test state of the test product of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a two-way valve of an air conditioner according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of a conventional air conditioner.
  • FIG. 1 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of an air conditioner according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2A is a front view showing an appearance of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2B is a side view showing a part of the piping cover of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the three-way valve of the air conditioner according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded sectional view showing the three-way valve of the air conditioner according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the air conditioner in the present embodiment includes a compressor 1 that compresses a refrigerant, a four-way valve 2 that switches a refrigerant circuit during cooling and heating operation, an outdoor heat exchanger 3 that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and the outside air, and An outdoor unit 5 having a decompressor 4 for decompressing the refrigerant is provided.
  • the indoor unit 7 which has the indoor heat exchanger 6 which exchanges the heat
  • the first fluid on-off valve 10 is provided in the pipe between the connection port to the gas connection pipe 9 of the outdoor unit 5 and the four-way valve 2, and the connection port to the liquid connection pipe 8 and the decompressor 4 are connected to each other.
  • a second fluid on-off valve 11 is provided in the intermediate pipe.
  • the air conditioner in the present embodiment includes a compressor 1, a four-way valve 2, an outdoor heat exchanger 3, a decompressor 4, a second fluid on-off valve 11, a liquid connection pipe 8, an indoor heat exchanger 6, A gas connection pipe 9 and a first fluid on-off valve 10 are connected in a ring shape by a pipe to constitute a refrigerant circuit.
  • the first fluid on-off valve 10 is constituted by a three-way valve that performs air purge and refrigerant filling after the pipe is connected, and the second fluid on-off valve 11 is constituted by a two-way valve.
  • the first fluid on-off valve 10 and the second fluid on-off valve 11 are both exposed on the side surface of the outdoor unit 5 as shown in FIG. Although both the first fluid on-off valve 10 and the second fluid on-off valve 11 are covered with the pipe cover 5a, the environment is often exposed to the atmosphere near the ground or the like. .
  • the first fluid on-off valve 10 and the second fluid on-off valve 11 are both formed by forging using a brass alloy.
  • the refrigerant used for the refrigerant circuit constituting the air conditioner according to the present embodiment has tetrafluoropropene or trifluoropropene as a base component. Then, difluoromethane, pentafluoroethane, or tetrafluoroethane is mixed in two or three components so that the global warming potential is 5 or more and 750 or less, preferably 350 or less, and more preferably 150 or less. A mixed hydrofluoroolefin refrigerant with a low environmental impact is used.
  • a single refrigerant of an HFC refrigerant such as R32, a hydrogen fluoride refrigerant having a carbon double bond such as HFO-1234yf, or a mixed refrigerant containing them as a main component is used.
  • the four-way valve 2 is switched so that the discharge side of the compressor 1 and the outdoor heat exchanger 3 communicate with each other.
  • coolant compressed by the compressor 1 turns into a high temperature / high pressure refrigerant
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 3 heat is exchanged with the outside air to dissipate the heat, and the high-pressure liquid refrigerant is sent to the decompressor 4.
  • the pressure is reduced to form a low-temperature and low-pressure two-phase refrigerant, which is sent to the indoor unit 7 through the second fluid on-off valve 11 and the liquid connection pipe 8.
  • the refrigerant enters the indoor heat exchanger 6, exchanges heat with indoor air, absorbs heat, evaporates, and becomes a low-temperature gas refrigerant. At this time, the room air is cooled to cool the room. Further, the refrigerant returns to the outdoor unit 5 through the gas connection pipe 9, and returns to the compressor 1 through the first fluid on-off valve 10 and the four-way valve 2.
  • the four-way valve 2 is switched so that the discharge side of the compressor 1 communicates with the first fluid on-off valve 10.
  • the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 1 becomes a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant, passes through the four-way valve 2, the first fluid on-off valve 10, and the gas connection pipe 9 and is sent to the indoor unit 7.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant enters the indoor heat exchanger 6, exchanges heat with indoor air in the indoor heat exchanger 6 to dissipate heat, and is cooled to become high-pressure liquid refrigerant. At this time, the room air is heated to heat the room.
  • the refrigerant passes through the liquid connection pipe 8 and is sent to the second fluid on-off valve 11 and the decompressor 4, and is decompressed by the decompressor 4 to become a low-temperature and low-pressure two-phase refrigerant and is sent to the outdoor heat exchanger 3. Then, heat is exchanged with the outside air to evaporate and return to the compressor 1 via the four-way valve 2.
  • the first fluid on-off valve 10 is a three-way valve, and its valve body 21 has an indoor pipe side port 22, an outdoor pipe side port 23, a service port 24, and a valve rod reception into which a valve rod 25 is screwed. A portion 26 is provided.
  • a gas connection pipe 9 connected to the indoor heat exchanger 6 is connected to the indoor pipe side port 22 via a flare nut 27, and a copper pipe 28 is brazed to the outdoor pipe side port 23 via a flux agent.
  • a pipe 29 (see the refrigerant circuit diagram of FIG. 1) from the outdoor heat exchanger 3 side is connected to the copper pipe 28.
  • valve core 30 is inserted into the service port 24, and the service port cap 31 is screwed. Although normally sealed, the service port 24 is evacuated when the air conditioner is installed.
  • valve stem cap 32 is screwed onto the valve stem receiving portion 26 to prevent dust from entering the valve stem receiving portion 26 from the outside.
  • the valve rod 25 in the valve rod receiving portion 26 is integrally provided with a groove portion 25 d that interposes a male screw portion 25 a, a hexagon wrench insertion hole 25 b, and an O-ring 25 c.
  • the male threaded portion 25a of the valve stem 25 is screwed with a female threaded portion 26a provided in the valve stem receiving portion 26, and a hexagonal wrench (not shown) is inserted into the hexagonal wrench insertion hole 25b for rotational operation.
  • the valve stem 25 can be advanced and retracted to open and close the outdoor piping side port valve seat 23a.
  • the valve body 21 of the three-way valve having the above-described configuration is formed by forging using a brass alloy as described above, and the brass alloy is a lead-less brass alloy having a lead content of 1000 ppm or less.
  • the lead-free brass alloy having a lead content of 1000 ppm or less reacts with ammonia to cause stress corrosion cracking when the brass alloy constituting the on-off valve contained in the atmosphere reacts with ammonia.
  • the on-off valve has a lead content of 1000 ppm or less, contains Sn more than 0.220% (not including 0.220%), and preferably further contains Bi of 1.320. % (Not including 1.320%) lead-free brass alloy.
  • Table 1 shows the results of an ammonia stress corrosion cracking test conducted to evaluate the stress corrosion cracking of a three-way valve formed of this leadless brass alloy.
  • a vent plate is placed above the ammonia water in a desiccator containing 14% ammonia water, and a test product to be described later is placed thereon, and this test product is exposed to an ammonia atmosphere. After leaving for 72 hours, the sample was taken out, washed with a nitric acid solution, and visually observed. As a result of the observation, in the column of “Evaluation” in Table 1, “O” indicates that there is no crack, and “X” indicates that there is a crack. Note that the distance t between the upper surface of the ammonia water and the ventilation plate is about 100 mm, and the test product is not in contact with the ammonia water.
  • test product is a three-way valve shown in FIG. 3, and the dimensions and tightening torque of each part of the indoor piping side port 22, the service port 24, and the valve rod receiving portion 26 are as shown in Table 2.
  • a fluid on-off valve such as a two-way valve or a three-way valve that is used in the refrigerant piping, that is, exposed to the atmosphere rich in ammonia, and reacts with ammonia at a higher temperature than the atmosphere. Even if it is an easy on-off valve for fluid, stress corrosion cracking can be prevented.
  • the refrigerant compression pressure by the compressor is high. Therefore, even if it receives a high compressive stress compared with the conventional on-off valve for fluid used in an air conditioner using, for example, a 410A refrigerant, it can strongly prevent stress corrosion cracking. Therefore, the environmental load can be greatly reduced by adopting the above-mentioned low warming potential refrigerant and the use of a lead-free brass alloy fluid on-off valve.
  • Sn is contained excessively, a nest is generated inside the cast product, and the machinability is lowered or the elongation is lowered. Therefore, it is preferably 2.5% or less, preferably 2.0% or less ( Sn: 0.220% (excluding 0.220%) to 2.5%).
  • Bi is more than 1.320% (not including 1.320%), preferably 1.890% or more. Since this Bi has the characteristic which improves machinability, the deterioration of workability, such as cutting which arises by having set it as the lead-less brass alloy by containing this can be suppressed. Thus, the productivity of the fluid on-off valve having a plurality of ports and forming screws on the inner and outer peripheries of the ports can be improved. If this Bi is contained excessively, the tensile strength and elongation are lowered, so it is preferable to make it less than 2.120% (Bi: 1.320% (excluding 1.320%) to less than 2.120%. ).
  • the leadless brass alloy used in the above test has Cu of 58.300% to 61.720%, Sn of 0.220% to 1.050%, and Bi of 1.320%. (Not including 1.320%) to less than 2.120%, with the balance being Zn and impurities.
  • Cu is preferably more than 59.500% (not including 59.500%) from the viewpoint of workability and the like, and is good up to 66.00% (Cu: 59.500% (59.500). % Not included) to 66.00%).
  • the second embodiment of the present invention shows another example of a lead-free brass alloy fluid release valve that suppresses stress corrosion cracking with a lead content of 1000 ppm or less.
  • the lead-less brass alloy of this fluid on-off valve has a lead content of 1000 ppm or less, contains Si, preferably contains 0.001% or more of Si, and more preferably contains 3.060% or more of Si.
  • An on-off valve for fluid is formed of an alloy.
  • Table 3 shows the results of the ammonia stress corrosion cracking test conducted to evaluate the stress corrosion cracking of the three-way valve formed of this leadless brass alloy.
  • a vent plate was placed in a desiccator containing 14% ammonia water as in the case of the first embodiment, and a test product to be described later was placed thereon, and this test product was exposed to an ammonia atmosphere. After leaving for 72 hours, the sample was taken out, washed with a nitric acid solution, and visually observed. As a result of the observation, in the “Evaluation” column of Table 3, “o” indicates that there is no crack, and “x” indicates that there is a crack.
  • the distance t between the upper surface of the ammonia water and the intermediate plate is about 100 mm, and the test product is in a non-contact state with the ammonia water.
  • test product is a three-way valve shown in FIG. 3, and the dimensions and tightening torque of each part of the indoor piping side port 22, the service port 24, and the valve rod receiving portion 26 are as shown in Table 2 described in the first embodiment. It is.
  • the indoor piping side port 22 portion and the flare nut 27 having a large tightening torque are the most severe conditions for stress corrosion cracking. It evaluated with the result of.
  • Si is 0.001% or more, and more preferably Si is 3.060% or more. Since stress corrosion cracking resistance is improved, stress corrosion cracking can be prevented.
  • the Si improves the stress corrosion cracking resistance and also improves the machinability. However, if it exceeds 4.0%, the machinability improving effect commensurate with it cannot be obtained, so it is limited to less than 4.0%. (Si: 0.001% to less than 4.0%) is preferable.
  • the fluid on-off valve used by being interposed in the refrigerant pipe that is, exposed to the atmosphere rich in ammonia, and reacts with ammonia when the temperature is higher than the atmosphere. Even a fluid on-off valve that is easy to do can prevent stress corrosion cracking.
  • the lead-less brass alloy used in the above test has a Cu content of 59.060% to 75.170% and a Si content of 0.001% or more (in other words, contains at least Si), as is apparent from Table 3. If it is ⁇ 3.060% or more and the balance is made of Zn and impurities, and Si is 3.060% or more, the Cu content may be up to 79%, preferably up to 75.170% (Cu: 59.060% (excluding 59.060%) to 79%).
  • FIG. 6 shows a fluid on-off valve according to a third embodiment of the present invention, which is a two-way valve.
  • This two-way valve includes an indoor piping side port 42, an outdoor piping side port 43, and a valve rod receiving portion 46 into which a valve rod 45 is screwed.
  • a liquid connection pipe 8 connected to the indoor heat exchanger 6 is connected to the indoor pipe side port 42 via a flare nut 47, and a copper pipe (not shown) is connected to the outdoor pipe side port 43 with a flux agent.
  • the pipe 29a (see the refrigerant circuit diagram of FIG. 1) from the outdoor heat exchanger 3 side is similarly connected to the copper pipe.
  • the brass alloy constituting the two-way valve is formed of the leadless brass alloy described in the first embodiment or the leadless brass alloy described in the second embodiment.
  • the air conditioner refers to a device equipped with a refrigeration cycle, and it goes without saying that it includes not only general air conditioners but also devices such as a dehumidifier and a heat pump water heater.
  • the present invention forms a fluid on-off valve with a brass alloy having a lead content of 1000 ppm or less and containing Sn of 0.8% or more.
  • this fluid on-off valve is interposed in the refrigerant pipe and used, it is exposed to the atmosphere rich in ammonia, and even in an environment where the temperature is higher than the atmosphere and easily reacts with ammonia. , Stress corrosion cracking can be prevented.
  • a brass alloy containing 1.6% or more of Bi may be further formed.
  • the fluid on-off valve may be formed of a brass alloy having a lead content of 1000 ppm or less and containing Si in an amount of more than 0.001%.
  • this fluid on-off valve is interposed in the refrigerant pipe and used, it is exposed to the atmosphere rich in ammonia, and even in an environment where the temperature is higher than the atmosphere and easily reacts with ammonia. , Stress corrosion cracking can be prevented.
  • the present invention may be an air conditioner provided with any of the fluid on-off valves of the present invention described above.
  • the present invention can provide a fluid on-off valve free from stress corrosion cracking and an air conditioner using the same, even if it is a lead-less brass alloy. Therefore, the environmental load can be reduced without reducing the reliability of equipment equipped with a refrigeration cycle, including fluid on-off valves and air conditioners, and can be used for various equipment equipped with refrigerant piping. is there.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Valve Housings (AREA)
  • Lift Valve (AREA)
  • Temperature-Responsive Valves (AREA)

Abstract

La vanne de régulation de fluide selon la présente invention est constituée d'un alliage de laiton contenant au moins 1000 ppm de plomb et au moins 0,8 % de Sn, et est disposée dans un circuit de réfrigérant utilisé dans un climatiseur ou similaire. En utilisant ladite vanne de régulation de fluide dans un conduit de réfrigérant, la fissuration par corrosion sous contrainte peut être évitée, même dans des environnements dans lesquels il existe une exposition élevée à l'ammoniac atmosphérique, et dans lesquelles la température est plus élevée que la température de l'atmosphère, de manière à favoriser la réaction avec l'ammoniac. La mise en œuvre de ladite vanne de régulation de fluide permet en outre une diminution de la charge environnementale. L'alliage mentionné ci-dessus peut contenir en outre 1,6 % de Bi ou plus.
PCT/JP2016/005106 2015-12-17 2016-12-12 Vanne de régulation de fluide et climatiseur utilisant celle-ci WO2017104127A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201680007752.8A CN107208190B (zh) 2015-12-17 2016-12-12 流体用开闭阀和使用它的空气调节机
DE112016005810.1T DE112016005810T5 (de) 2015-12-17 2016-12-12 Fluid-auf/zu-ventil und klimagerät zu dessen verwendung
MYPI2017702139A MY191315A (en) 2015-12-17 2016-12-12 Fluid on-off valve and air conditioner using the same

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2015-245858 2015-12-17
JP2015245858A JP6868761B2 (ja) 2015-12-17 2015-12-17 流体用開閉弁及びそれを用いた空気調和機

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WO2017104127A1 true WO2017104127A1 (fr) 2017-06-22

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JP (1) JP6868761B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN107208190B (fr)
DE (1) DE112016005810T5 (fr)
MY (1) MY191315A (fr)
WO (1) WO2017104127A1 (fr)

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WO2019049746A1 (fr) * 2017-09-05 2019-03-14 ダイキン工業株式会社 Système de climatisation et unité d'embranchement pour réfrigérant
JP2019045103A (ja) * 2017-09-05 2019-03-22 ダイキン工業株式会社 冷媒分岐ユニット
JP2019045129A (ja) * 2017-09-05 2019-03-22 ダイキン工業株式会社 空調システム
US11486619B2 (en) 2017-09-05 2022-11-01 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Air-conditioning system or refrigerant branch unit

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DE102021103063A1 (de) 2021-02-10 2022-08-11 Viessmann Climate Solutions Se Wärmepumpe

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JP2000119775A (ja) * 1998-10-12 2000-04-25 Sanbo Copper Alloy Co Ltd 無鉛快削性銅合金
JP2004346947A (ja) * 2003-05-19 2004-12-09 Maezawa Ind Inc 水道用仕切弁及びその弁類
JP2005281800A (ja) * 2004-03-30 2005-10-13 Kitz Corp 銅基合金とこの合金を用いた鋳塊・製品
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JP2019045103A (ja) * 2017-09-05 2019-03-22 ダイキン工業株式会社 冷媒分岐ユニット
JP2019045129A (ja) * 2017-09-05 2019-03-22 ダイキン工業株式会社 空調システム
US11486619B2 (en) 2017-09-05 2022-11-01 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Air-conditioning system or refrigerant branch unit

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DE112016005810T5 (de) 2018-09-13
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JP6868761B2 (ja) 2021-05-12
JP2017110265A (ja) 2017-06-22
CN107208190A (zh) 2017-09-26

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