WO2017094884A1 - 自動車用合わせガラス - Google Patents

自動車用合わせガラス Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017094884A1
WO2017094884A1 PCT/JP2016/085901 JP2016085901W WO2017094884A1 WO 2017094884 A1 WO2017094884 A1 WO 2017094884A1 JP 2016085901 W JP2016085901 W JP 2016085901W WO 2017094884 A1 WO2017094884 A1 WO 2017094884A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
glass
glass plate
laminated glass
thickness
vehicle
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2016/085901
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
中村　篤史
二郎 西濱
Original Assignee
旭硝子株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 旭硝子株式会社 filed Critical 旭硝子株式会社
Priority to CN201680070402.6A priority Critical patent/CN108290787B/zh
Priority to EP16870819.6A priority patent/EP3385238A4/en
Priority to JP2017554201A priority patent/JP6866849B2/ja
Publication of WO2017094884A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017094884A1/ja
Priority to US15/997,034 priority patent/US20180281568A1/en

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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B32B17/10045—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
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    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/10119—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet having a composition deviating from the basic composition of soda-lime glass, e.g. borosilicate
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    • B32B17/10137—Chemical strengthening
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    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
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    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10559—Shape of the cross-section
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    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10614—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer comprising particles for purposes other than dyeing
    • B32B17/10633—Infrared radiation absorbing or reflecting agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10678—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer comprising UV absorbers or stabilizers, e.g. antioxidants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10752—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing polycarbonate
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    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
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    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
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    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
    • B60J1/02—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor arranged at the vehicle front, e.g. structure of the glazing, mounting of the glazing
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    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/006—Transparent parts other than made from inorganic glass, e.g. polycarbonate glazings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a laminated glass for automobiles.
  • the laminated glass typically includes two or more glass plates, and an interlayer film is sandwiched between the glass plates.
  • Patent Document 1 proposes a laminated glass having a structure in which three glass plates having a thickness of 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm are laminated via an intermediate film.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses a polymer interlayer between two or more glass plates for the purpose of improving sound insulation, reducing weight, and improving the adhesion of the interlayer to the glass plate. A laminated glass with an intervening structure is described.
  • the laminated glass described in Patent Document 1 has sound insulation, it is mainly insufficient for lightening because it is mainly used for construction.
  • the thickness of the glass plate may be reduced.
  • the sound insulation and durability are also serious problems.
  • the glass plate is made thinner, there is a problem that the amount of ultraviolet rays and infrared rays that pass through the glass plate increases, and the intermediate film is foamed and yellowed and deteriorates. When the intermediate film is deteriorated, there is a possibility that the sound insulation performance is lowered.
  • the present invention has been made from the above viewpoint, and an object thereof is to provide a laminated glass for automobiles which is lightweight but has excellent sound insulation properties and has foam resistance and yellowing resistance.
  • the laminated glass for automobiles of the present invention is a laminated glass for automobiles comprising three or more laminated glass plates and a plurality of intermediate films sandwiched between the glass plates, the glass plates
  • the outer glass plate located on the outermost side of the vehicle has a thickness of 1.4 mm to 2.5 mm
  • the inner glass plate located on the inner side of the vehicle outside glass plate has a thickness of each of them. Is smaller than the thickness of the outside glass plate, and the surface density is 12 kg / m 2 or less.
  • This automotive laminated glass preferably satisfies the following relational expression (1).
  • k Number of glass plates of laminated glass for automobile
  • k-1 Number of interlayer films of laminated glass for automobile
  • G i Thickness (unit: mm) of i-th glass plate from outside of vehicle
  • P j Thickness (unit: mm) of j-th interlayer film from the outside of the vehicle
  • the ultraviolet transmittance of the outside glass plate is 50% or less.
  • the solar radiation transmittance of the said vehicle outside glass plate is 80% or less.
  • the thickness of the inner glass plate is in the range of 0.5 mm to 1.3 mm.
  • the ratio of the thickness between the outside glass plate and the glass plate closest to the outside of the inside glass plate is preferably 1.154 or more.
  • the plurality of interlayer films have the same thickness.
  • This laminated glass for automobiles preferably has a primary loss coefficient ⁇ of 0 to 500 Hz by a mechanical impedance method (central excitation, half-value method) based on ISO / PAS 16940: 2004 of 0.4 or more.
  • a laminated glass for automobiles that is lightweight but has extremely excellent sound insulation, and has high foam resistance and yellowing resistance.
  • a laminated glass for automobiles includes three or more glass plates arranged in a stack and a plurality of intermediate films sandwiched between the glass plates.
  • the outer glass plate located on the outermost side of the vehicle has a thickness of 1.4 mm to 2.5 mm, and the inner glass plate located on the inner side of the vehicle outside the glass plate is all of them. Is smaller than the thickness of the vehicle exterior glass plate, and the surface density of the laminated glass for automobiles is 12 kg / m 2 or less.
  • This laminated glass for automobiles has an outside glass plate and two or more inside glass plates, and an intermediate film is provided between the outside glass plate and the inside glass plate and between the inside glass plates.
  • the laminated structure is excellent in sound insulation.
  • the interlayer film in the laminated glass for automobiles of the present invention has a function usually possessed by an interlayer film in a known laminated glass for automobiles, that is, a function of bonding a pair of glass plates and integrating them as laminated glass.
  • the intermediate film may be a single layer film or a laminated film in which a plurality of layers are laminated.
  • this laminated glass for automobiles has a surface density of 12 kg / m 2 or less, it is lighter than a conventional laminated glass using three or more glass plates having a glass plate thickness of about 2 mm.
  • the thickness of the outside glass plate is 1.4 mm to 2.5 mm, and the thickness of the inside glass plate is smaller than the thickness of the outside glass. Therefore, this laminated glass for automobiles can reduce the amount of transmitted ultraviolet rays and infrared rays from outside the vehicle while achieving weight reduction. Thereby, deterioration of the intermediate film arrange
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the laminated glass for automobiles of the present invention.
  • the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
  • a vehicle outer glass plate, three or more vehicle interior glasses and three or more intermediate films are used, or as an intermediate film, a single layer film or other than three layers is used.
  • a modification example such as this can also be shown. The same description as below can be applied to these modified examples.
  • a laminated glass 10 for an automobile shown in FIG. 1 includes an outside glass plate 1A, two inside glass plates 1B and 1C, and two intermediate films 2.
  • the vehicle outer side glass plate 1A is disposed to face the vehicle inner side glass plate 1B
  • the vehicle inner side glass plate 1C is disposed to face the side opposite to the vehicle outer side glass plate 1A of the vehicle inner side glass plate 1B.
  • two intermediate films 2 are sandwiched between the outside glass plate 1A and the inside glass plate 1B and between the inside glass plates 1B and 1C.
  • the intermediate film 2 is composed of three layers of a pair of outer layers 2A and 2B and a core layer 2C sandwiched between the outer layers 2A and 2B.
  • the intermediate film 2 sandwiched between the outer glass plate 1A and the inner glass plate 1B has an outer layer 2A on the outer glass plate 1A side and an outer layer 2B on the inner glass plate 1B. Arranged on the side.
  • the outer layer 2A is disposed on the vehicle interior glass plate 1B side
  • the outer layer 2B is disposed on the vehicle interior glass plate 1C side.
  • the outside glass plate 1A, the inside glass plates 1B and 1C, and the two intermediate films 2 have substantially the same shape and the same size main surface.
  • substantially the same shape and the same size means having the same shape and the same size in human appearance.
  • the case where there is a notch or the like in the peripheral portion of the vehicle outer glass plate or the vehicle inner glass plate of laminated glass for automobiles is also included.
  • the vehicle exterior side and the vehicle interior side respectively refer to the vehicle exterior side and the vehicle interior side when the automotive laminated glass is installed in the vehicle.
  • each element which comprises the laminated glass 10 for motor vehicles is demonstrated.
  • the thickness of the outside glass plate 1A in the laminated glass 10 for automobiles is in the range of 1.4 mm to 2.5 mm.
  • the thickness of the vehicle outer side glass plate 1A is 1.4 mm or more, the amount of ultraviolet rays or infrared rays transmitted through the vehicle outer side glass plate 1A can be reduced, and deterioration of the intermediate film 2 can be suppressed.
  • the thickness of the outside glass plate 1A is 2.5 mm or less, it is possible to reduce the weight when the laminated glass 10 for an automobile is used.
  • the thickness of the outside glass plate 1A is preferably in the range of 1.5 mm to 2.4 mm, more preferably in the range of 1.7 mm to 2.4 mm, and in the range of 1.7 mm to 2.1 mm. More preferably.
  • the ultraviolet transmittance (Tuv) measured according to ISO 9050-1990 of the outside glass plate 1A is preferably 50% or less, More preferably, it is 45% or less.
  • the ultraviolet transmittance (Tuv) is 50% or less, yellowing of the intermediate film 2 due to ultraviolet rays can be suppressed.
  • the solar radiation transmittance (Te) measured according to JIS R3106 of the outer side glass plate 1A is 80% or less from the viewpoint of suppressing deterioration of the interlayer film 2 when the laminated glass 10 for automobiles is used. 75% or less is more preferable.
  • the solar transmittance (Te) is 80% or less, foaming of the intermediate film due to exposure to infrared rays can be suppressed.
  • the vehicle inner glass plates 1B and 1C in the laminated glass 10 for automobile are configured to have a thickness smaller than that of the vehicle outer glass plate 1A.
  • the plate thicknesses of the vehicle interior glass plates 1B and 1C may be the same or different from each other.
  • the number of vehicle interior glass plates is not limited to two, and may be three or more.
  • the preferable aspect of each glass plate is the same as that of the laminated glass 10 for motor vehicles, and the same effect is acquired. In addition, from the point of balance between weight reduction and physical properties, it is more preferable that the number of vehicle interior glass plates is two.
  • the plate thickness of the vehicle interior glass plates 1B and 1C is in a range smaller than the plate thickness of the vehicle exterior glass plate 1A.
  • the plate thickness is preferably in the range of 0.5 mm to 1.3 mm, and more preferably in the range of 0.9 mm to 1.3 mm.
  • the sound insulation property which was excellent can be ensured because the thickness of the vehicle interior side glass plates 1B and 1C is 0.5 mm or more. When it is 1.3 mm or less, it is possible to achieve weight reduction when the laminated glass for automobiles is used.
  • the ratio of the thickness of the vehicle-side glass plate 1A and the glass plate (vehicle-inside glass plate 1B) closest to the vehicle-outside among the vehicle-side glass plates 1B and 1C thickness of the vehicle-side glass plate (mm) / vehicle-inside Of the glass plates
  • the thickness (mm) of the glass plate closest to the vehicle exterior is preferably 1.154 or more.
  • the thicknesses of the vehicle interior glass plates 1B and 1C are the same.
  • the vehicle-inside glass plates 1B and 1C have the same thickness, so that the sound insulation is further improved.
  • the UV transmittance (Tuv) of the vehicle interior glass plates 1B and 1C is preferably 50% or less, and more preferably 45% or less.
  • the UV transmittance (Tuv) of the vehicle interior glass plate closest to the vehicle exterior side of the vehicle interior glass plate is 50% or less. Yellowing can be suppressed and deterioration of the intermediate film can be suppressed.
  • the solar transmittance (Te) of the vehicle interior glass plates 1B and 1C is preferably 80% or less, and more preferably 75% or less.
  • the solar radiation transmittance (Te) of the vehicle interior side glass plate closest to the vehicle exterior side among the vehicle interior glass plates is 80% or less, thereby suppressing the occurrence of foaming in the intermediate film when exposed to infrared rays. Deterioration of the intermediate film can be suppressed.
  • glass plate In the laminated glass 10 for automobiles of the present embodiment, transparent inorganic glass or organic glass (resin) is used as the material of the glass plate used for the outside glass plate 1A and the inside glass plates 1B, 1C.
  • the inorganic glass ordinary soda lime glass (also referred to as soda lime silicate glass), aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, alkali-free glass, quartz glass, etc. used as glass for automobiles are used without particular limitation. Of these, soda lime glass is particularly preferred. Although it does not specifically limit about a shaping
  • the glass plate which made the said inorganic glass and organic glass (resin) contain an infrared absorber, a ultraviolet absorber, etc., and provided the infrared absorptivity and ultraviolet absorptivity may be sufficient.
  • a green glass plate, an ultraviolet absorption (UV) green glass plate, or the like can be used as such a glass plate.
  • the UV green glass plate means that SiO 2 is 68 mass% to 74 mass%, Fe 2 O 3 is 0.3 mass% to 1.0 mass%, and FeO is 0.05 mass% to 0.00 mass%.
  • the glass plate may be subjected to a strengthening process such as air cooling strengthening or chemical strengthening.
  • the vehicle interior glass plates 1B and 1C are preferably subjected to chemical strengthening treatment. When the plate thickness of the vehicle interior glass plates 1B and 1C is 1.0 mm or less, it is more preferable that chemical strengthening treatment is performed. .
  • organic glass polycarbonate resin, polystyrene resin, aromatic polyester resin, acrylic resin, polyester resin, polyarylate resin, polycondensate of halogenated bisphenol A and ethylene glycol, acrylic urethane resin, halogenated aryl group A containing acrylic resin etc.
  • polycarbonate resins such as aromatic polycarbonate resins and acrylic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate acrylic resins are preferable, and polycarbonate resins are more preferable.
  • bisphenol A-based polycarbonate resin is particularly preferable among polycarbonate resins.
  • a glass plate may be comprised including 2 or more types of above resins.
  • the glass As the glass, a colorless and transparent material to which no coloring component is added may be used, or a colored and transparent material colored within a range not impairing the effects of the present invention may be used. Furthermore, these glass may be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types, For example, the laminated glass laminated
  • the vehicle-side glass plate 1A and the vehicle-side glass plates 1B and 1C used for the laminated glass 10 for automobiles may be made of different types of materials, but are preferably the same.
  • the shapes of the vehicle outer glass plate 1A and the vehicle inner glass plates 1B and 1C may be flat plates, or the entire surface or a part thereof may have a curvature.
  • the interlayer film 2 in the laminated glass 10 for an automobile includes three layers of a pair of outer layers 2A and 2B and a core layer 2C sandwiched between the outer layers 2A and 2B.
  • the intermediate film 2 is disposed between the vehicle outer side glass plate 1A and the vehicle inner side glass plate 1B and between the vehicle inner side glass plates 1B and 1C, respectively, and the vehicle outer side glass plate 1A, the vehicle inner side glass plate 1B, and the vehicle inner side glass plate. 1B and 1C are bonded together to have a function of integrating them as laminated glass 10.
  • each intermediate film 2 is the same as that in the laminated glass 10 for automobiles, and the same effect can be obtained.
  • the film thickness of the two intermediate films 2 may be the same or different from each other.
  • the film thickness of the interlayer film 2 is preferably in the range of 0.3 mm to 1.0 mm, more preferably in the range of 0.4 mm to 0.9 mm, like the interlayer film normally used for laminated glass for automobiles. . If the thickness of the intermediate film 2 is less than 0.3 mm, the strength may be insufficient, and if the glass mismatch is large, peeling is likely to occur. When the film thickness of the intermediate film 2 exceeds 1.0 mm, a phenomenon occurs in which each glass plate sandwiched in the pressure bonding process or durability test (outdoor exposure test or high temperature test) described later occurs when the laminated glass 10 is manufactured. A so-called plate displacement phenomenon may occur.
  • the total film thickness of the two intermediate films 2 is preferably 0.6 mm to 2.0 mm.
  • the total film thickness is 0.6 mm or more, excellent strength and sound insulation can be obtained.
  • the total film thickness is 2.0 mm or less, weight reduction can be achieved. It is preferable that the two intermediate films 2 have the same film thickness because the sound insulation is improved.
  • the layer thickness of the core layer 2C is preferably 0.05 mm to 0.30 mm, more preferably 0.07 mm to 0.27 mm, although it depends on the layer thickness and physical properties of the outer layers 2A and 2B to be combined.
  • the outer layer 2A, 2B has a layer thickness of preferably 0.1 mm to 0.7 mm, preferably 0.2 mm to 0.7 mm, although it depends on the physical properties of the outer layers 2 A and 2 B and the layer thickness and physical properties of the core layer 2 C to be combined. 0.5 mm is more preferable.
  • the relationship between the layer thickness of the core layer 2C and the layer thicknesses of the outer layers 2A and 2B may be within a preferable range of the film thickness of the intermediate film 2 as the total thickness of the three layers. Furthermore, the layer thickness of the core layer 2C is preferably smaller than the layer thickness of the outer layers 2A and 2B. The layer thicknesses of the outer layers 2A and 2B are each preferably in the range of more than 1 and 5 times or less the layer thickness of the core layer 2C.
  • the layer thickness of the outer layers 2A and 2B may be the same or different.
  • the outer layer 2B is an outer layer positioned on the vehicle inner side.
  • the layer thickness of the outer layer 2B on the vehicle inner side may be smaller than the layer thickness of the outer layer 2A on the vehicle outer side, and the layer thickness of the outer layer 2A is 0.3-1. It is preferably in the range of 0 times.
  • the intermediate film 2 may have a wedge shape in at least one cross section.
  • the laminated glass 10 for an automobile having the intermediate film 2 having a wedge-shaped cross section is suitable for a head-up display.
  • at least one of the outer layers 2A and 2B and the core layer 2C has a cross-sectional wedge shape, so that the intermediate film 2 is configured in a cross-sectional wedge shape.
  • the outer layers 2 ⁇ / b> A, 2 ⁇ / b> B, or the core layer 2 ⁇ / b> C has a wedge shape in cross section, the above film thickness and layer thickness indicate the thickness of the thinnest part.
  • the core layer 2C and the outer layers 2A and 2B may be made of a material usually used for an interlayer film for laminated glass for automobiles. This material is appropriately selected for each layer from thermoplastic resins often used as the main material.
  • thermoplastic resins include polyvinyl acetal resin, polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB), polyvinyl chloride resin (PVC), saturated polyester resin, polyurethane resin, and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin (EVA). , Ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer resin, cycloolefin polymer (COP) and the like.
  • a thermoplastic resin may be used independently and 2 or more types may be used together.
  • thermoplastic resin takes into consideration the balance of various properties such as transparency, weather resistance, adhesive strength, penetration resistance, impact energy absorption, moisture resistance, and heat shielding properties, depending on the application of the laminated glass 10 for automobiles. Selected. From such a viewpoint, PVB, EVA, polyurethane resin and the like are preferable as the thermoplastic resin constituting the core layer 2C.
  • the Tg (glass transition point) of the thermoplastic resin constituting the core layer 2C is preferably in the range of 0 ° C to 20 ° C.
  • the outer layers 2A and 2B are preferably PVB, EVA, polyurethane resin, and the like.
  • thermoplastic resin-containing composition containing such a thermoplastic resin as a main component is used.
  • the thermoplastic resin-containing composition is, for example, an infrared absorbent, an ultraviolet absorbent, a fluorescent agent, an adhesive adjuster, a coupling agent, a surfactant, according to various purposes within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention.
  • One type or two or more types of various additives such as an antioxidant, a heat stabilizer, a light stabilizer, a dehydrating agent, an antifoaming agent, an antistatic agent, and a flame retardant may be contained. These additives are uniformly contained throughout the core layer 2C and the outer layers 2A and 2B.
  • additives particularly when an additive imparting an additional function such as an infrared absorber, an ultraviolet absorber, a fluorescent agent, or the like is contained, in the three layers of the core layer 2C and the outer layers 2A and 2B, Only one of the layers may contain the above-described additive or may contain two or more layers. Furthermore, when two or more layers contain an additive, each layer may contain the same type of additive or different amounts, and each layer may contain a different additive.
  • the intermediate film 2 is prepared, for example, by forming the core layer 2C and the outer layers 2A and 2B into sheets from a thermoplastic resin-containing composition suitable for each, and between the obtained outer layers 2A and 2B. It is produced by sandwiching the core layer 2C and heating and integrating them under pressure. The heating and pressurizing conditions are appropriately selected depending on the type of thermoplastic resin.
  • the laminated glass 10 for an automobile has a laminated structure including the outside glass plate 1A, the inside glass plates 1B and 1C, and the two intermediate films 2.
  • the laminated glass 10 for motor vehicles has the outstanding sound insulation.
  • board thickness of 1 A of vehicle exterior glass plates, 1B of vehicle interior glasses, and 1C satisfy
  • the laminated glass 10 for motor vehicles satisfy
  • k number k-1 of the glass sheet having the laminated glass for an automobile: the number of intermediate film having the laminated glass for an automobile
  • G i thickness (unit mm) of the i-th glass plate from the vehicle exterior side
  • P j Thickness (unit: mm) of j-th interlayer film from the outside of the vehicle
  • the laminated body including the vehicle inner glass plate and the intermediate film positioned on the vehicle inner side including the vehicle inner glass plate closest to the vehicle outer side.
  • the primary loss coefficient ⁇ of 0 to 500 Hz measured according to the mechanical impedance method (central excitation, half-width method) based on ISO / PAS 16940: 2004 of the laminated glass 10 for automobiles is preferably 0.4 or more. .45 or more is more preferable. Further, the primary loss coefficient ⁇ of the laminated glass 10 for automobiles is preferably 0.8 or less at the maximum.
  • the primary loss coefficient ⁇ is an index representing sound insulation, and a larger primary loss coefficient ⁇ indicates better sound insulation.
  • the laminated glass 10 for automobiles of the embodiment preferably has a visible light transmittance of 70% or more, more preferably 74% or more, measured according to JIS R3106.
  • Tts Total solar energy transmitted through a glazing measured according to ISO 9050-1990 is preferably 66% or less, and more preferably 60% or less.
  • the laminated glass 10 for an automobile functions as an additional layer between the vehicle outer glass plate 1A and the vehicle inner glass plate 1B and between the vehicle inner glass plates 1B and 1C as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
  • a functional film for example, a configuration in which the intermediate film 2 is configured by a plurality of layers and the functional film is sandwiched between the multilayers of the intermediate film 2 is preferable. That is, in this case, the functional film is configured to be taken into the intermediate film 2.
  • Examples of functional films include infrared shielding films.
  • an infrared shielding film specifically, a dielectric multilayer film, a liquid crystal alignment film, an infrared reflecting material having a thickness of about 100 nm to 500 nm as an infrared reflecting film on a support film such as a PET film having a thickness of about 25 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m.
  • Examples thereof include those formed with a conventionally known infrared reflective film such as a coating film and a single-layer or multilayer infrared reflective film including a metal film.
  • the infrared shielding film include a dielectric multilayer film having a total film thickness of about 25 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m obtained by laminating resin films having different refractive indexes.
  • the laminated glass 10 for an automobile of the embodiment has, as other layers, a coating that imparts a water repellent function, a hydrophilic function, an antifogging function, and the like to the surfaces of the outside glass plate 1A and the inside glass plate 1C that are exposed to the atmosphere. It may be given.
  • functional coatings including a normal metal layer, such as a low radiation coating, an infrared shielding coating, and a conductive coating, are provided on the opposite surfaces of the vehicle outer glass plate 1A and the vehicle inner glass plates 1B and 1C facing each other. It may be given.
  • the outer layers 2A and 2B of the intermediate film 2 are the vehicle outer glass plate 1A and the vehicle inner glass plate 1B. It becomes the structure which touches this functional coating on the opposing surface of 1C.
  • the laminated glass 10 for an automobile has, as another layer, for example, a belt shape on a part or the whole of the peripheral portion thereof for the purpose of concealing a portion of the laminated glass for automobiles attached to a frame or the like or a wiring conductor.
  • the black ceramic layer may be included.
  • the width of the black ceramic layer is appropriately selected according to the use of the laminated glass for automobiles. For example, when the laminated glass for automobiles is a roof glass used for a ceiling part of an automobile, the black ceramic layer is usually formed in a frame shape having a width of about 10 mm to 100 mm. In addition, when used for a side glass of an automobile, it is usually formed in a strip shape having a width of about 30 mm to 200 mm.
  • the black ceramic layer can be formed, for example, in the above-described shape on the main surface on the atmosphere side or intermediate adhesive layer side of the outside glass plate 1A of the laminated glass 10 for automobiles by a normal method.
  • the formation location of the black ceramic layer is appropriately selected according to the intended use.
  • Black in the black ceramic layer does not mean, for example, black defined by the three attributes of color, and is adjusted so as not to transmit visible light to such an extent that at least a portion requiring concealment can be concealed.
  • the black ceramic layer may be configured so that the entire layer becomes a continuous integral film according to the location where it is placed, and the ratio of visible light transmission can be easily adjusted by setting the shape, arrangement, etc. It may be configured by a dot pattern or the like that can be formed.
  • the laminated glass 10 for automobiles of the present embodiment can be manufactured by a commonly used known technique.
  • the core layer 2C is sandwiched between the outer layers 2A and 2B as described above to form the intermediate film 2 (laminate structure of the outer layer 2A / core layer 2C / outer layer 2B).
  • the two intermediate films 2 are respectively inserted between the vehicle outer side glass plate 1A and the vehicle inner side glass plate 1B and between the vehicle inner side glass plates 1B and 1C, so that the vehicle outer side glass plate 1A, the intermediate film 2 and the vehicle inner side glass are inserted.
  • a laminated glass precursor for automobiles before pressure bonding which is laminated in the order of the plate 1B, the intermediate film 2, and the vehicle interior glass plate 1C, is prepared.
  • the order is similarly set so as to obtain the same laminated structure as the laminated glass for automobiles to be obtained.
  • a laminated glass precursor for automobiles is prepared by laminating each glass plate and each layer.
  • This automotive laminated glass precursor is placed in a vacuum bag such as a rubber bag, and this vacuum bag is connected to an exhaust system so that the pressure in the vacuum bag is about -65 kPa to -100 kPa (absolute pressure).
  • the laminated glass for automobiles of the embodiment can be obtained by adhering at a temperature of about 70 ° C. to 110 ° C. under reduced pressure suction (deaeration).
  • a laminated glass for automobiles having higher durability can be obtained by performing a pressure-bonding treatment by heating and pressing under conditions of 100 ° C. to 140 ° C. and a pressure of 0.6 MPa to 1.3 MPa.
  • the use of the laminated glass for automobiles 10 of the present embodiment is not particularly limited.
  • the laminated glass for automobiles it is preferably used as a windshield, side glass, roof glass or rear glass, and particularly preferably used as a windshield or side glass.
  • automobile windshields are required to have weight reduction, stepping stone resistance, little deterioration of the interlayer film, and high sound insulation when the window is closed. It is a laminated glass having a function satisfying all.
  • Examples 1 to 13 are examples, and examples 14 to 22 are comparative examples.
  • the film thicknesses of the inner outer layer, outer outer layer, and core layer were adjusted by pressing with a hot press molding machine at 150 ° C. for 300 seconds at a pressing pressure of 50 kg / cm 2 .
  • the outer outer layer is designed to be the outer layer 2A on the vehicle outer side
  • the inner outer layer is designed to be the outer layer 2B on the vehicle inner side.
  • the inner outer layer / core layer / outer outer layer are laminated in the order of hard PVB (330 ⁇ m) / soft PVB (100 ⁇ m) / hard PVB (330 ⁇ m).
  • a 76 mm intermediate film was prepared. The film thicknesses of the inner outer layer, outer outer layer, and core layer were adjusted in the same manner as the intermediate film.
  • Example 1 Using the intermediate film having a thickness of 0.5 mm prepared above, the structure shown in Table 1 (laminated structure of vehicle outer glass 2 mm / intermediate film 0.5 mm / car inner glass 1 mm / intermediate film 0.5 mm / car inner glass 1 mm) ) was produced.
  • As the glass plate ultraviolet absorbing green glass (Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.) was used.
  • the ultraviolet absorbing green glass has a thickness of 2.0 mm
  • the ultraviolet transmittance (Tuv) measured according to ISO 9050-1990 is 42%
  • the solar transmittance (Te) measured according to JIS R3106 is 71%.
  • the laminated glass 10 is laminated with the vehicle outer side glass, the intermediate film, the vehicle inner side glass, the intermediate film and the vehicle inner side glass so as to have the same configuration as the laminated glass 10 in FIG.
  • a preliminary pressure bonding was performed at 110 ° C. while degassing under reduced pressure, and then a final pressure bonding was performed under the conditions of a temperature of 140 ° C. and a pressure of 1.3 MPa to obtain a laminated glass for automobiles.
  • Example 2 to 22 A laminated glass for automobile was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the configuration of the laminated glass for automobile was changed as shown in Table 1.
  • Stepping stone resistance The thickness of each glass constituting the laminated glass for automobiles obtained in each example was evaluated as follows. Here, when the total thickness of the glass plate was 1.3 mm or more, the strength against stepping stones was excellent, and it was determined good. A: The total thickness of the glass plate is 1.3 mm or more. B: The total thickness of the glass plate is less than 1.3 mm. (6) Comprehensive evaluation (1) to (5) characteristic test (sound insulation, foaming, yellowing) Degree, surface density, stepping stones) were evaluated as follows. A: All evaluations of the characteristic test are good. B: One or more evaluations are not good among the characteristic tests.
  • the laminated glass for automobiles of the examples is excellent in sound insulation and the thickness of the outside glass plate is 1 although the plate thickness of the glass plate is thin and lightweight. Since it exceeds 3 mm, it is clear that it has excellent stepping stone resistance. Furthermore, it can be seen that foaming and yellowing of the intermediate film are suppressed, and the intermediate film is hardly deteriorated.
  • SYMBOLS 10 Laminated glass for motor vehicles, 1A ... Car outer side glass plate, 1B, 1C ... Car inner side glass plate, 2 ... Intermediate film, 2A, 2B ... Outer layer, 2C ... Core layer.

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Abstract

軽量でありながら、極めて優れた遮音性を有し、高い耐発泡性及び耐黄変性を有する自動車用合わせガラスの提供。　積層配置された３枚以上のガラス板と、前記各ガラス板間に各々挟持された複数の中間膜と、を備える自動車用合わせガラスであって、前記ガラス板のうち最も車外側に位置する車外側ガラス板は、厚みが１．４～２．５ｍｍであり、前記車外側ガラス板より車内側に位置する車内側ガラス板は、それら全ての各々の厚みが前記車外側ガラス板の厚みより小さく、自動車用合わせガラスの面密度が１２ｋｇ／ｍ２以下である自動車用合わせガラス。

Description

自動車用合わせガラス
　本発明は、自動車用合わせガラスに関する。
　近年、自動車の車内の静音化に対する要求が高まっており、窓ガラスに用いられる自動車用合わせガラスに対しても、遮音性が求められている。さらに、自動車の軽量化を目的として、自動車用合わせガラスの軽量化が求められている。ここで、合わせガラスは、典型的には、２枚以上のガラス板を備え、各ガラス板間に中間膜が挟持された構成である。
　遮音性を高めた合わせガラスとして、特許文献１には、厚み１．５ｍｍ～２．５ｍｍの３枚のガラス板を、それぞれ中間膜を介して積層した構造の合わせガラスが提案されている。また、特許文献２には、遮音性を高めるとともに、軽量化を達成し、さらに中間膜のガラス板への密着性を向上させる等の目的で、２枚以上のガラス板の間に高分子中間膜を介在させた構造の合わせガラスが記載されている。
　しかしながら、特許文献１に記載の合わせガラスは、遮音性を備えるものの、主として建築用であるために、軽量化の点では不十分なものであった。ここで、合わせガラスを軽量化するにはガラス板の板厚を減少させればよいが、ガラス板の薄板化に伴い遮音性や耐久性も低減する点が大きな問題であった。
　特にガラス板を薄板化した場合、ガラス板を透過する、紫外線や赤外線の量が増え、中間膜が発泡、黄変して劣化するという問題があった。中間膜が劣化すると、遮音性の低下を招くおそれがある。
特開平７－０９７２４１号公報 特表２０１５-５２７２８０号公報
　本発明は、上記観点からなされたものであり、軽量でありながら、極めて優れた遮音性を有し、耐発泡性及び耐黄変性を有する自動車用合わせガラスを提供することを目的とする。
　本発明の自動車用合わせガラスは、積層配置された３枚以上のガラス板と、前記各ガラス板間に各々挟持された複数の中間膜と、を備える自動車用合わせガラスであって、前記ガラス板のうち最も車外側に位置する車外側ガラス板は、厚みが１．４ｍｍ～２．５ｍｍであり、前記車外側ガラス板より車内側に位置する車内側ガラス板は、それらの全ての各々の厚みが前記車外側ガラス板の厚みより小さく、かつ、その面密度が１２ｋｇ／ｍ２以下であることを特徴とする。
　この自動車用合わせガラスは、下記関係式（１）を満たすことが好ましい。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000002
 　ｋ：自動車用合わせガラスの有するガラス板の枚数
　ｋ－１：自動車用合わせガラスの有する中間膜の枚数
　Ｇｉ：車外側からｉ番目のガラス板の厚み（単位ｍｍ）
　Ｐｊ：車外側からｊ番目の中間膜の厚み（単位ｍｍ）
　この自動車用合わせガラスにおいて、前記車外側ガラス板の紫外線透過率が５０％以下であることが好ましい。また、前記車外側ガラス板の日射透過率が８０％以下であることが好ましい。
　この自動車用合わせガラスにおいて、前記車内側ガラス板の厚みが０．５ｍｍ～１．３ｍｍの範囲であることが好ましい。
　この自動車用合わせガラスにおいて、前記車外側ガラス板と、前記車内側ガラス板のうち最も車外側寄りのガラス板との厚みの比（車外側ガラス板の厚み（ｍｍ）／車内側ガラス板のうち最も車外側寄りのガラス板の厚み（ｍｍ））が１．１５４以上であることが好ましい。
　この自動車用合わせガラスにおいて、前記複数の中間膜の厚みが互いに同じであることが好ましい。
　この自動車用合わせガラスは、ＩＳＯ／ＰＡＳ　１６９４０：２００４に準拠した機械インピーダンス法（中央加振、半値幅法）による０～５００Ｈｚの一次損失係数ηが０．４以上であることが好ましい。
　本発明によれば、軽量でありながら、極めて優れた遮音性を有し、高い耐発泡性及び耐黄変性を有する自動車用合わせガラスを提供することができる。
本発明の一実施形態である自動車用合わせガラス表わす断面図である。
　以下に、本発明の実施形態を説明する。なお、本発明は、これらの実施形態に限定されるものではなく、これらの実施形態を、本発明の趣旨および範囲を逸脱することなく、変更または変形することができる。
　本発明の一実施形態である自動車用合わせガラスは、積層配置された３枚以上のガラス板と、各ガラス板間に挟持された複数の中間膜と、を備えている。そして、前記ガラス板のうち最も車外側に位置する車外側ガラス板は、厚みが１．４ｍｍ～２．５ｍｍであり、前記車外側ガラス板より車内側に位置する車内側ガラス板は、それら全ての厚みが前記車外側ガラス板の厚みより小さく、かつ、自動車用合わせガラスの面密度は１２ｋｇ／ｍ２以下である。
　この自動車用合わせガラスは、車外側ガラス板と、２枚以上の車内側ガラス板とを有し、車外側ガラス板と車内側ガラス板の間、および車内側ガラス板同士の間にそれぞれ中間膜が設けられた積層構造であり、遮音性に優れている。本発明の自動車用合わせガラスにおける中間膜は、公知の自動車用合わせガラスにおける中間膜が通常有する機能、すなわち、１対のガラス板を接着して合わせガラスとして一体化する機能、を有する。中間膜は、単層膜であってもよく、複数の層を積層した積層膜であってもよい。
　この自動車用合わせガラスは、面密度が１２ｋｇ／ｍ２以下であるため、ガラス板厚が２ｍｍ前後の３枚以上のガラス板を用いた従来の合わせガラスに比べて、軽量化されている。
　また、この自動車用合わせガラスは、車外側ガラス板の厚みが１．４ｍｍ～２．５ｍｍであり、車内側ガラス板の厚みが車外側ガラスの厚みより小さい。そのため、この自動車用合わせガラスは、軽量化を達成しながら、車外からの紫外線や赤外線の透過量を小さくすることができる。これにより、各ガラス板間に配置される中間膜の劣化を抑えることができる。さらに、この自動車用合わせガラスは、飛び石に対する強度も有する。
　以下、本発明の自動車用合わせガラスの実施の形態について、車外側ガラス板と、２枚の車内側ガラス板と、２枚の中間膜とを有する場合を例に、図面を参照しながら説明する。なお、ここで中間膜としては３層の複層膜を用いた例を示している。図１は本発明の自動車用合わせガラスの一実施形態を表わす断面図である。本発明は以下の実施形態に限定されず、例えば、車外側ガラス板、３枚以上の車内側ガラスおよび３枚以上の中間膜を用いた場合や、中間膜として、単層膜あるいは３層以外の複層膜を用いた場合、などの変形例も示すことができる。これらの変形例においても以下と同様の説明が適用できる。
　図１に示す自動車用合わせガラス１０は、車外側ガラス板１Ａと、２枚の車内側ガラス板１Ｂ，１Ｃと、２枚の中間膜２と、を有する。車外側ガラス板１Ａは、車内側ガラス板１Ｂに対向して配置され、車内側ガラス板１Ｃは、車内側ガラス板１Ｂの、車外側ガラス板１Ａと反対側に対向して配置される。そして、車外側ガラス板１Ａと車内側ガラス板１Ｂの間および車内側ガラス板１Ｂ、１Ｃの間に、それぞれ２枚の中間膜２が挟持されている。
　中間膜２は、１対のアウター層２Ａ、２Ｂと、アウター層２Ａ、２Ｂに挟持されるコア層２Ｃの３層からなる。自動車用合わせガラス１０において、車外側ガラス板１Ａと車内側ガラス板１Ｂの間に挟持される中間膜２は、アウター層２Ａが車外側ガラス板１Ａ側に、アウター層２Ｂが車内側ガラス板１Ｂ側に配置されている。車内側ガラス板１Ｂ、１Ｃの間に挟持される中間膜２は、アウター層２Ａが車内側ガラス板１Ｂ側に、アウター層２Ｂが車内側ガラス板１Ｃ側に配置されている。自動車用合わせガラス１０において、車外側ガラス板１Ａ、車内側ガラス板１Ｂ、１Ｃおよび、２枚の中間膜２は略同形、同寸の主面を有する。
　ここで、本明細書において、「略同形、同寸」とは、人の見た目において同じ形状、同じ寸法を有することをいう。例えば、自動車用合わせガラスの車外側ガラス板、もしくは車内側ガラス板の周縁部に一部切欠き等がある場合も含まれる。また、自動車用合わせガラスにおいて、車外側、車内側はそれぞれ、自動車用合わせガラスが自動車に設置される際の、車外側、車内側をいう。以下、自動車用合わせガラス１０を構成する各要素について説明する。
［車外側ガラス板］
　自動車用合わせガラス１０における車外側ガラス板１Ａの板厚は、１．４ｍｍ～２．５ｍｍの範囲にある。車外側ガラス板１Ａの板厚が１．４ｍｍ以上であることで、車外側ガラス板１Ａを透過する紫外線や赤外線の量を少なくして、中間膜２の劣化を抑えることができる。一方、車外側ガラス板１Ａの板厚が２．５ｍｍ以下であることで、自動車用合わせガラス１０とした際の軽量化を達成できる。車外側ガラス板１Ａの板厚は、１．５ｍｍ～２．４ｍｍの範囲であることが好ましく、１．７ｍｍ～２．４ｍｍの範囲にあることがより好ましく、１．７ｍｍ～２．１ｍｍの範囲にあることがさらに好ましい。
　自動車用合わせガラス１０とした際の中間膜２の劣化を抑える点で、車外側ガラス板１ＡのＩＳＯ９０５０－１９９０にしたがって測定される紫外線透過率（Ｔｕｖ）は、５０％以下であることが好ましく、４５％以下であることがより好ましい。紫外線透過率（Ｔｕｖ）が、５０％以下であることで、中間膜２の紫外線による黄変を抑制することができる。
　また、自動車用合わせガラス１０とした際の中間膜２の劣化を抑える点で、車外側ガラス板１ＡのＪＩＳ　Ｒ３１０６にしたがって測定される日射透過率（Ｔｅ）は、８０％以下であることが好ましく、７５％以下であることがより好ましい。日射透過率（Ｔｅ）が８０％以下であることで、赤外線に晒されることで中間膜に発泡が生じるのを抑えられる。
［車内側ガラス板］
　自動車用合わせガラス１０における車内側ガラス板１Ｂ、１Ｃの板厚は、車外側ガラス板１Ａの板厚よりも小さく構成される。車内側ガラス板１Ｂ、１Ｃの板厚は、互いに同じであってもよく、異なってもよい。また、車内側ガラス板の枚数は２枚である態様に限定されず、３枚以上であってもよい。３枚以上の車内側ガラス板を備える自動車用合わせガラスについても、各ガラス板の好ましい態様は自動車用合わせガラス１０と同様であり、また、同様の効果が得られる。なお、軽量化と物性とのバランスの点から、車内側ガラス板は２枚であることが、より好ましい。
　車内側ガラス板１Ｂ、１Ｃの板厚は、車外側ガラス板１Ａの板厚よりも小さい範囲である。この板厚は、０．５ｍｍ～１．３ｍｍの範囲にあることが好ましく、０．９ｍｍ～１．３ｍｍの範囲にあることがより好ましい。車内側ガラス板１Ｂ、１Ｃの厚みが０．５ｍｍ以上であることで、優れた遮音性を確保することができる。１．３ｍｍ以下であることで、自動車用合わせガラスとした際の軽量化を達成できる。
　また、車外側ガラス板１Ａと、車内側ガラス板１Ｂ、１Ｃのうち最も車外側寄りのガラス板（車内側ガラス板１Ｂ）との厚みの比（車外側ガラス板の厚み（ｍｍ）／車内側ガラス板のうち最も車外側寄りのガラス板の厚み（ｍｍ））が１．１５４以上であることが好ましい。当該ガラス板の厚みの比が１．１５４以上であることで自動車用合わせガラスとした際に極めて優れた遮音性が得られる。
　車内側ガラス板１Ｂ、１Ｃの板厚は互いに同じであることが好ましい。車内側ガラス板１Ｂ、１Ｃの板厚は互いに同じであることで、より遮音性に優れるものとなる。
　車内側ガラス板１Ｂ、１Ｃの紫外線透過率（Ｔｕｖ）は、５０％以下であることが好ましく、４５％以下であることがより好ましい。特に、車内側ガラス板のうち最も車外側寄りの車内側ガラス板の紫外線透過率（Ｔｕｖ）が、５０％以下であることで、自動車用合わせガラス１０とした際に、紫外線による当該中間膜の黄変を抑制し、当該中間膜の劣化を抑えることができる。
　車内側ガラス板１Ｂ、１Ｃの日射透過率（Ｔｅ）は、８０％以下であることが好ましく、７５％以下であることがより好ましい。特に、車内側ガラス板のうち最も車外側寄りの車内側ガラス板の日射透過率（Ｔｅ）が８０％以下であることで、赤外線に晒されて当該中間膜に発泡が生じるのを抑制し、当該中間膜の劣化を抑えることができる。
[ガラス板]
　本実施形態の自動車用合わせガラス１０において、車外側ガラス板１Ａ及び車内側ガラス板１Ｂ、１Ｃに用いるガラス板の材質としては、透明な無機ガラスや有機ガラス（樹脂）が用いられる。無機ガラスとしては自動車用ガラスとして用いられる通常のソーダライムガラス（ソーダライムシリケートガラスともいう）、アルミノシリケートガラス、ホウ珪酸ガラス、無アルカリガラス、石英ガラス等が特に制限なく用いられる。これらのうちでもソーダライムガラスが特に好ましい。成形法についても特に限定されないが、例えば、フロート法等により成形されたフロート板ガラスであってもよい。
　また、ガラス板としては、上記無機ガラスや有機ガラス（樹脂）に赤外線吸収剤や紫外線吸収剤等を含有させて、赤外線吸収性や紫外線吸収性を付与したガラス板であってもよい。このようなガラス板として、グリーンガラス板、紫外線吸収（ＵＶ）グリーンガラス板等を使用することができる。なお、ＵＶグリーンガラス板とは、ＳｉＯ２を６８質量％以上７４質量％以下、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３を０．３質量％以上１．０質量％以下、かつＦｅＯを０．０５質量％以上０．５質量％以下含有するものであって、波長３５０ｎｍの紫外線透過率が１．５％以下、かつ５５０ｎｍ以上１７００ｎｍ以下の領域に透過率の極小値を有する紫外線吸収グリーンガラスを指す。また、ガラス板は、風冷強化や化学強化といった強化処理がなされていてもよい。車内側ガラス板１Ｂ、１Ｃは化学強化処理がなされていることが好ましく、車内側ガラス板１Ｂ、１Ｃの板厚が１．０ｍｍ以下の場合は、化学強化処理がなされていることが、より好ましい。
　有機ガラス（樹脂）としては、ポリカーボネート樹脂、ポリスチレン樹脂、芳香族ポリエステル樹脂、アクリル樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリアリレート樹脂、ハロゲン化ビスフェノールＡとエチレングリコールとの重縮合物、アクリルウレタン樹脂、ハロゲン化アリール基含有アクリル樹脂等が挙げられる。これらのなかでも芳香族系ポリカーボネート樹脂等のポリカーボネート樹脂やポリメチルメタクリレート系アクリル樹脂等のアクリル樹脂が好ましく、ポリカーボネート樹脂がより好ましい。さらに、ポリカーボネート樹脂のなかでも特にビスフェノールＡ系ポリカーボネート樹脂が好ましい。なお、ガラス板は、上記のような樹脂を２種以上含んで構成されてもよい。
　上記ガラスとしては、着色成分を添加しない無色透明な材質を用いてもよく、あるいは、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で着色された着色透明な材質を用いてもよい。さらには、これらのガラスは１種類を単独でもしくは２種類以上を組合せて用いてもよく、例えば、２層以上に積層された積層ガラスであってもよい。
　自動車用合わせガラス１０の適用箇所にもよるが、ガラスとしては、無機ガラスが好ましい。
　自動車用合わせガラス１０に用いる車外側ガラス板１Ａ及び車内側ガラス板１Ｂ、１Ｃは、互いに異なった種類の材質から構成されてもよいが、同一であることが好ましい。車外側ガラス板１Ａ及び車内側ガラス板１Ｂ、１Ｃの形状は平板でもよく、全面または一部が曲率を有していてもよい。
［中間膜］
　自動車用合わせガラス１０における中間膜２は、それぞれ、図１に示すように、１対のアウター層２Ａ、２Ｂと、アウター層２Ａ、２Ｂに挟持されるコア層２Ｃの３層からなる。中間膜２は、車外側ガラス板１Ａと車内側ガラス板１Ｂの間及び車内側ガラス板１Ｂ、１Ｃの間に、それぞれ配置され、車外側ガラス板１Ａと車内側ガラス板１Ｂ、車内側ガラス板１Ｂと１Ｃ、とをそれぞれ接着して合わせガラス１０として一体化する機能を有するものである。
　自動車用合わせガラスが３枚以上の車内側ガラス板を有する場合には、３枚以上の中間膜が、車外側ガラス板と車内側ガラス板間、及び各車内側ガラス板間にそれぞれ挟持される。この場合にも、各中間膜２の好ましい態様は、自動車用合わせガラス１０における場合と同様であり、また、同様の効果が得られる。
　２枚の中間膜２の膜厚は、互いに同一であっても異なっていてもよい。中間膜２の膜厚は、自動車用合わせガラスに通常用いられる中間膜と同様に、０．３ｍｍ～１．０ｍｍの範囲にあることが好ましく、０．４ｍｍ～０．９ｍｍにあることがより好ましい。中間膜２の膜厚が０．３ｍｍ未満であると、強度が不十分となることがあり、また、ガラスミスマッチが大きい場合、剥離が発生しやすくなる。中間膜２の膜厚が１．０ｍｍを超えると、後述する合わせガラス１０作製時の圧着工程や、耐久試験（屋外暴露試験や高温試験）において、これが挟み込まれる各ガラス板のずれが生じる現象、いわゆる板ずれ現象が発生することがある。
　２枚の中間膜２の膜厚は合計で０．６ｍｍ～２．０ｍｍであることが好ましい。膜厚の合計が０．６ｍｍ以上であることで、優れた強度と遮音性を得ることができる。一方、膜厚の合計が２．０ｍｍ以下であれば軽量化を達成することができる。２枚の中間膜２の膜厚は、互いに同一であることが、遮音性が向上されるため好ましい。
　コア層２Ｃの層厚は、組み合わせるアウター層２Ａ、２Ｂの層厚や物性にもよるが、０．０５ｍｍ～０．３０ｍｍが好ましく、０．０７ｍｍ～０．２７ｍｍがより好ましい。また、アウター層２Ａ、２Ｂの層厚は、アウター層２Ａ、２Ｂの物性や組み合わせるコア層２Ｃの層厚および物性にもよるが、それぞれ、０．１ｍｍ～０．７ｍｍが好ましく、０．２ｍｍ～０．５ｍｍがより好ましい。
　コア層２Ｃの層厚と、アウター層２Ａ、２Ｂの層厚の関係は、３層の合計厚みとして、上記中間膜２の膜厚の好ましい範囲とすればよい。さらに、コア層２Ｃの層厚は、アウター層２Ａ、２Ｂの層厚よりも小さいことが好ましい。アウター層２Ａ、２Ｂの層厚は、それぞれコア層２Ｃの層厚の１倍超５倍以下の範囲にあることが好ましい。
　アウター層２Ａ、２Ｂの層厚は、同一であっても異なってもよい。例えば、自動車用合わせガラス１０において、アウター層２Ａ、２Ｂのうち、アウター層２Ｂが車内側に位置するアウター層となる。この場合、車内側のアウター層２Ｂの層厚が、車外側のアウター層２Ａの層厚より小さくてもよく、アウター層２Ａの層厚はアウター層２Ｂの層厚の、０．３～１．０倍の範囲にあることが好ましい。
　また、中間膜２は、少なくとも一方の断面が楔形状であってもよい。断面が楔形状の中間膜２を有する自動車用合わせガラス１０は、ヘッドアップディスプレイ用として好適である。この場合においては、アウター層２Ａ、２Ｂ、コア層２Ｃの少なくとも１層が断面楔形状を成すことで、中間膜２が断面楔形状に構成される。中間膜２、アウター層２Ａ、２Ｂ又はコア層２Ｃが断面楔形状である場合の上記膜厚、層厚は最も薄い個所の厚みを指す。
　コア層２Ｃ、アウター層２Ａ、２Ｂは、自動車用合わせガラスの中間膜に通常用いられる材料で構成すればよい。この材料としては、主材料として良く用いられる熱可塑性樹脂から、各層ごとに適宜選択して構成される。
　このような熱可塑性樹脂として、具体的には、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂、ポリビニルブチラール樹脂（ＰＶＢ）、ポリ塩化ビニル樹脂（ＰＶＣ）、飽和ポリエステル樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂、エチレン－酢酸ビニル共重合体樹脂（ＥＶＡ）、エチレン－エチルアクリレート共重合体樹脂、シクロオレフィンポリマー（ＣＯＰ）等が挙げられる。熱可塑性樹脂は、単独で用いられてもよいし、２種類以上が併用されてもよい。
　また、熱可塑性樹脂は、自動車用合わせガラス１０の用途に応じて、透明性、耐候性、接着力、耐貫通性、衝撃エネルギー吸収性、耐湿性、遮熱性等の諸性能のバランスを考慮して選択される。このような観点から、コア層２Ｃを構成する熱可塑性樹脂としては、ＰＶＢ、ＥＶＡ、ポリウレタン樹脂等が好ましい。コア層２Ｃを構成する熱可塑性樹脂のＴｇ（ガラス転移点）は０℃～２０℃の範囲にあることが好ましい。また、アウター層２Ａ、２Ｂは、それぞれ、ＰＶＢ、ＥＶＡ、ポリウレタン樹脂等が好ましい。
　コア層２Ｃ、アウター層２Ａ、２Ｂの作製には、このような熱可塑性樹脂を主成分として含有する熱可塑性樹脂含有組成物が用いられる。該熱可塑性樹脂含有組成物は、本発明の効果を阻害しない範囲で各種目的に応じて、例えば、赤外線吸収剤、紫外線吸収剤、蛍光剤、接着性調整剤、カップリング剤、界面活性剤、酸化防止剤、熱安定剤、光安定剤、脱水剤、消泡剤、帯電防止剤、難燃剤等の各種添加剤の１種類もしくは２種類以上を含有していてもよい。これらの添加剤はコア層２Ｃ、アウター層２Ａ、２Ｂにおいて、全体に均一に含有される。
　なお、上記添加剤のうちでも特に、赤外線吸収剤、紫外線吸収剤、蛍光剤等の追加の機能を付与する添加剤が含有される場合、コア層２Ｃ、アウター層２Ａ、２Ｂの３層において、いずれか１層のみが上記添加剤を含有する構成であっても、２層以上が含有する構成であってもよい。さらに、２層以上が添加剤を含有する場合、各層が同種の添加剤を同量、または異なる量含有してもよく、各層が異なる添加剤をそれぞれ含有してもよい。
　中間膜２は、例えば、コア層２Ｃ、アウター層２Ａ、２Ｂを、それぞれに適した熱可塑性樹脂含有組成物からシート状に製膜して準備し、得られたアウター層２Ａ、２Ｂの間にコア層２Ｃを挟持させて、加圧下に加熱して一体化することで作製される。加熱、加圧の条件は熱可塑性樹脂の種類により適宜選択される。
［自動車用合わせガラス］
　実施形態の自動車用合わせガラス１０は、上記説明したように、車外側ガラス板１Ａ、車内側ガラス板１Ｂ、１Ｃと、２枚の中間膜２と、からなる積層構造を有する。これにより、自動車用合わせガラス１０は、優れた遮音性を有する。そして、車外側ガラス板１Ａ、車内側ガラス板１Ｂ、１Ｃの板厚が上記所定の条件を満たすため、耐飛び石性を有し、また、中間膜２の紫外線や赤外線による劣化が抑制される。
　また、自動車用合わせガラス１０は、下記式（１）を満たすことが好ましい。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000003
 　ｋ：自動車用合わせガラスの有するガラス板の枚数
　ｋ－１：自動車用合わせガラスの有する中間膜の枚数
　Ｇｉ：車外側からｉ番目のガラス板の厚み（単位ｍｍ）
　Ｐｊ：車外側からｊ番目の中間膜の厚み（単位ｍｍ）
　自動車用合わせガラス１０が上記式（１）を満たす場合には、最も車外側寄りの車内側ガラス板も含め、それよりも車内側に位置する車内側ガラス板及び中間膜からなる積層体（車内側ガラス板１Ｂ、中間膜２、車内側ガラス板１Ｃからなる積層体）と、車外側ガラス板１Ａとの厚みの差が小さくされることで、外部から侵入する音のエネルギーを遮断しやすく、遮音性が向上される。
　自動車用合わせガラス１０のＩＳＯ／ＰＡＳ　１６９４０：２００４に準拠した機械インピーダンス法（中央加振、半値幅法）にしたがって測定される０～５００Ｈｚの一次損失係数ηは、０．４以上が好ましく、０．４５以上がより好ましい。また、自動車用合わせガラス１０の上記一次損失係数ηは、最大でも０．８以下が好ましい。一次損失係数ηは、遮音性を表わす指標であり、一次損失係数ηの大きい方が遮音性に優れることを示す。
　実施形態の自動車用合わせガラス１０は、ＪＩＳ　Ｒ３１０６にしたがって測定される可視光線透過率が７０％以上であることが好ましく、７４％以上であることがより好ましい。ＩＳＯ９０５０-１９９０にしたがって測定されたＴｔｓ（Total solar energy transmitted through a glazing）が６６％以下であることが好ましく、６０％以下であることがより好ましい。
（その他の層）
　実施形態の自動車用合わせガラス１０は、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で、その他の層として、車外側ガラス板１Ａと車内側ガラス板１Ｂの間及び車内側ガラス板１Ｂ、１Ｃの間に機能フィルムを有してもよい。機能フィルムを有する場合は、例えば、中間膜２を複数層で構成し、中間膜２の当該複層の間に機能フィルムを挟持させる構成が好ましい。すなわち、この場合、機能フィルムは中間膜２内部に取り込まれた構成となる。
　機能フィルムとしては、例えば、赤外線遮蔽フィルム等が挙げられる。赤外線遮蔽フィルムとして、具体的には、２５μｍ～２００μｍ程度の厚みのＰＥＴフィルム等の支持フィルム上に、赤外線反射膜として膜厚１００ｎｍ～５００ｎｍ程度の、誘電体多層膜、液晶配向膜、赤外線反射材含有コーティング膜、金属膜を含む単層または多層の赤外線反射膜等の従来公知の赤外線反射膜が形成されたものが挙げられる。赤外線遮蔽フィルムとしては、さらに屈折率の異なる樹脂フィルムを積層した合計膜厚が２５μｍ～２００μｍ程度の誘電多層フィルム等が挙げられる。
　実施形態の自動車用合わせガラス１０は、その他の層として、車外側ガラス板１Ａ及び車内側ガラス板１Ｃの大気に晒される表面に、撥水機能、親水機能、防曇機能等を付与するコーティングが施されていてもよい。また、車外側ガラス板１Ａ及び車内側ガラス板１Ｂ、１Ｃの、他のガラスと互いに対向する対向面には、低放射性コーティング、赤外線遮蔽コーティング、導電性コーティング等の通常金属層を含む機能コーティングが施されていてもよい。
　なお、車外側ガラス板１Ａ及び車内側ガラス板１Ｂ、１Ｃの対向面が上記機能コーティングを有する場合には、上記中間膜２のアウター層２Ａ、２Ｂは車外側ガラス板１Ａ及び車内側ガラス板１Ｂ、１Ｃの対向面上の該機能コーティングに接する構成となる。
　実施形態の自動車用合わせガラス１０は、その他の層として、例えば、自動車用合わせガラスの枠体等への取り付け部分や配線導体等を隠蔽する目的で、その周縁部の一部または全部に帯状に、黒色セラミックス層を有してもよい。黒色セラミックス層の幅は、自動車用合わせガラスの用途に応じて適宜選択される。例えば、自動車用合わせガラスが、自動車の天井部位に使用されるルーフガラスの場合には、黒色セラミックス層は、通常、幅が１０ｍｍ～１００ｍｍ程度の額縁状に形成される。また、自動車のサイドガラスに用いる場合は、通常、幅が３０ｍｍ～２００ｍｍ程度の帯状に形成されることがある。
　黒色セラミックス層は、例えば、自動車用合わせガラス１０が有する車外側ガラス板１Ａの大気側または中間接着層側の主面に、通常の方法で、上記の形状に形成できる。黒色セラミックス層の形成箇所は使用用途に応じて適宜選択される。
　なお、黒色セラミックス層の「黒色」は、例えば、色の三属性等で規定された黒を意味するものではなく、少なくとも隠蔽が求められる部分が隠蔽できる程度に可視光線を透過させないように調整された黒色と認識可能な範囲を含む。したがって、黒色セラミックス層においては、この機能が果たせる範囲内で、必要に応じて黒色に濃淡があってもよく、色味が色の三属性で規定された黒とは若干異なってもよい。同様の観点から、黒色セラミックス層は配設される箇所に応じて層全体が連続した一体膜となるように構成されてもよく、形状や配置等の設定で可視光透過の割合を容易に調整できるドットパターン等により構成されてもよい。
［自動車用合わせガラスの製造］
　本実施形態の自動車用合わせガラス１０は、一般的に用いられる公知の技術により製造できる。自動車用合わせガラス１０においては、まず、上記のようにしてアウター層２Ａ、２Ｂの間にコア層２Ｃを挟持させて中間膜２（アウター層２Ａ／コア層２Ｃ／アウター層２Ｂの積層構造）を作製する。２枚の中間膜２をそれぞれ、車外側ガラス板１Ａと車内側ガラス板１Ｂの間及び車内側ガラス板１Ｂ、１Ｃの間に挿入して、車外側ガラス板１Ａ、中間膜２、車内側ガラス板１Ｂ、中間膜２、車内側ガラス板１Ｃの順に積層された圧着前の自動車用合わせガラス前駆体を準備する。３枚以上の車内側ガラス板および３枚以上の中間膜を有する場合や、その他の層を有する場合にも、同様に、得ようとする自動車用合わせガラスと同様の積層構造となるように順番に各ガラス板と各層を積層して自動車用合わせガラス前駆体を準備する。
　この自動車用合わせガラス前駆体をゴムバッグのような真空バッグの中に入れ、この真空バッグを排気系に接続して、真空バッグ内の圧力が約－６５ｋＰａ～－１００ｋＰａの減圧度（絶対圧力）となるように減圧吸引（脱気）しながら温度約７０℃～１１０℃で接着することで実施形態の自動車用合わせガラスを得ることができる。さらに、例えば、１００℃～１４０℃、圧力０．６ＭＰａ～１．３ＭＰａの条件で加熱加圧する圧着処理を行うことで、より耐久性の優れた自動車用合わせガラスを得ることができる。
　本実施形態の自動車用合わせガラス１０の用途は特に限定されない。自動車用合わせガラスの中でも、フロントガラス、サイドガラス、ルーフガラスまたはリアガラスとして用いることが好ましく、フロントガラスまたはサイドガラスとして用いることが特に好ましい。特に、自動車のフロントガラスにおいては、軽量化とともに、耐飛び石性、中間膜の劣化の少ないこと、および窓を閉じた際の高い遮音性が要求されるが、自動車用合わせガラス１０は、これらの全てを満足する機能を有する合わせガラスである。
　以下に、本発明を実施例によりさらに詳細に説明する。本発明は、以下で説明する実施形態および実施例に何ら限定されるものではない。例１～１３が実施例であり、例１４～２２が比較例である。
（中間膜）
　この実施例および比較例においては、内側アウター層／コア層／外側アウター層として、硬質ＰＶＢ（２００μｍ）／軟質ＰＶＢ（１００μｍ）／硬質ＰＶＢ（２００μｍ）の順に積層された厚み０．５０ｍｍの中間膜を準備した。内側アウター層、外側アウター層、コア層のそれぞれの膜厚はホットプレス成形機にて、１５０℃、３００秒間、プレス圧５０ｋｇ／ｃｍ２でプレスして調整した。中間膜は、自動車用合わせガラス１０とする際には、外側アウター層が車外側のアウター層２Ａ、内側アウター層が車内側のアウター層２Ｂとなる設計とした。
　また、上記中間膜と厚みの異なる中間膜として、内側アウター層／コア層／外側アウター層が、硬質ＰＶＢ（３３０μｍ）／軟質ＰＶＢ（１００μｍ）／硬質ＰＶＢ（３３０μｍ）の順に積層された厚み０．７６ｍｍの中間膜を準備した。内側アウター層、外側アウター層、コア層のそれぞれの膜厚は上記中間膜と同様に調整した。
（例１）
　上記で準備した厚み０．５ｍｍの中間膜を用いて、表１に示す構成（車外側ガラス２ｍｍ／中間膜０．５ｍｍ／車内側ガラス１ｍｍ／中間膜０．５ｍｍ／車内側ガラス１ｍｍの積層構造）の自動車用合わせガラスを作製した。ガラス板としては紫外線吸収グリーンガラス（旭硝子社製）を用いた。該紫外線吸収グリーンガラスの厚み２．０ｍｍでの、ＩＳＯ９０５０－１９９０にしたがって測定される紫外線透過率（Ｔｕｖ）は４２％、ＪＩＳ　Ｒ３１０６にしたがって測定される日射透過率（Ｔｅ）は７１％である。
　図１の合わせガラス１０と同様の構成となるように、車外側ガラス、中間膜、車内側ガラス、中間膜、車内側ガラスを積層し、この積層体を真空バッグに入れ、絶対圧力－６０ｋＰａ以下の減圧下で脱気しながら１１０℃で予備圧着を行った後、温度１４０℃、圧力１．３ＭＰaの条件でさらに本圧着を行うことにより自動車用合わせガラスを得た。
（例２～２２）
　自動車用合わせガラスの構成を表１に示すように変更した他は例１と同様にして、自動車用合わせガラスを得た。
　各例で得られた自動車用合わせガラスについて、車外側ガラス板の厚みＧ１と車内側ガラス板のうち最も車外側寄りの車内側ガラス板の厚みＧ２の比（Ｇ１／Ｇ２）、及び、上記式（１）の左辺の値を算出した。結果を表１に示す。
（評価）
　例１～２２で得られた合わせガラスの遮音性、発泡性、黄変度を以下のようにして測定し、評価した。また、耐飛び石性、総合評価については、以下の基準により評価した。結果を表２に示す。
（１）遮音性
　上記で得られた合わせガラスについて、ＩＳＯ／ＰＡＳ　１６９４０：２００４に準拠した機械インピーダンス法（中央加振、半値幅法）による０～５００Ｈｚの一次損失係数ηを、小野測器社製、中央加振法測定システム（ＭＡ－５５００、ＤＳ－２０００）を用いて測定した。一次損失係数ηは、値が大きいほど遮音性が高いことを示し、０．４以上で遮音性が良好と評価した。
（２）発泡性
　各例で得られた自動車用合わせガラスについて、サンシャインカーボンアーク灯式耐候性試験機（ＳＷＯＭ、スガ試験機社製）を用いて、ブラックパネル温度（ＢＰＴ）が８３℃、降雨なしの条件で、光照射試験を３０００時間行った。試験後に中間膜にエッジ（外周端）からガラス板の中心側に向かって発泡が成長している場合がある。この場合の発泡の中で最大のものに対し、中間膜のエッジ（外周端）から発泡のガラス板中心側の端部までの距離を測定した。測定した当該エッジからの距離が、３．８ｍｍ以下のものを発泡性が良好であると評価した。
（３）黄変度
　各例で得られた自動車用合わせガラスについて、上記発泡性試験と同様の光照射試験を３０００時間行い、自動車用合わせガラスのエッジから中央への距離が１０ｍｍの箇所の分光を、分光光度計（型番：Ｕ－４１００、日立ハイテクサイエンス社製）を用いて測定した。測定結果より、試験前から試験後の黄色度（ＹＩ）の変化（黄変度：ΔＹＩ）を算出した。ΔＹＩは大きいほど黄変が強く生じたことを示す。黄変度：ΔＹＩが０．４以下を良好とした。
（４）面密度
　各例で得られた自動車用合わせガラスの質量と表面積によって、単位面積当たりの密度を算出した。この面密度が、１２ｋｇ／ｍ２以下のものを良好と評価した。
（５）耐飛び石性
　各例で得られた自動車用合わせガラスを構成する各ガラスの厚みを合計した厚みについて、以下のように評価した。ここでは、このガラス板の合計厚みが１．３ｍｍ以上の場合を、飛び石に対する強度等が優れており、良好とした。
　　Ａ：ガラス板の合計厚みが１．３ｍｍ以上
　　Ｂ：ガラス板の合計厚みが１．３ｍｍ未満
（６）総合評価
　上記した（１）～（５）の特性試験（遮音性、発泡性、黄変度、面密度、飛び石性）において、以下のように評価した。
　　Ａ：特性試験の全ての評価が良好である
　　Ｂ：特性試験のうち、良好でない評価が１つ以上ある
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000004
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000005
　表２から、実施例（例１～１３）の自動車用合わせガラスは、ガラス板の板厚が薄く軽量化されているにも関わらず、遮音性に優れるとともに、車外側ガラス板の厚みが１．３ｍｍを超えているので、耐飛び石性に優れることが明らかである。さらに、中間膜の発泡および黄変が抑制されており、中間膜が劣化しにくいことが分かる。
１０…自動車用合わせガラス、１Ａ…車外側ガラス板，１Ｂ，１Ｃ…車内側ガラス板、２…中間膜、２Ａ，２Ｂ…アウター層、２Ｃ…コア層。

Claims (8)

  1. 　積層配置された３枚以上のガラス板と、前記各ガラス板間に各々挟持された複数の中間膜と、を備える自動車用合わせガラスであって、
    　前記ガラス板のうち最も車外側に位置する車外側ガラス板は、厚みが１．４～２．５ｍｍであり、
    　前記車外側ガラス板より車内側に位置する車内側ガラス板は、それら全ての各々の厚みが前記車外側ガラス板の厚みより小さく、前記自動車用合わせガラスの面密度が１２ｋｇ／ｍ２以下である、自動車用合わせガラス。
  2. 　下記関係式（１）を満たす請求項１に記載の自動車用合わせガラス。
    Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000001
     　ｋ：自動車用合わせガラスの有するガラス板の枚数
    　ｋ－１：自動車用合わせガラスの有する中間膜の枚数
    　Ｇｉ：車外側からｉ番目のガラス板の厚み（単位ｍｍ）
    　Ｐｊ：車外側からｊ番目の中間膜の厚み（単位ｍｍ）
  3. 　前記車外側ガラス板の紫外線透過率が５０％以下である請求項１または２に記載の自動車用合わせガラス。
  4. 　前記車外側ガラス板の日射透過率が８０％以下である請求項１～３のいずれか１項に記載の自動車用合わせガラス。
  5. 　前記車内側ガラス板の厚みが０．５ｍｍ～１．３ｍｍの範囲である請求項１～４のいずれか１項に記載の自動車用合わせガラス。
  6. 　前記車外側ガラス板と、前記車内側ガラス板のうち最も車外側寄りのガラス板との厚みの比（車外側ガラス板の厚み（ｍｍ）／車内側ガラス板のうち最も車外側寄りのガラス板の厚み（ｍｍ））が１．１５４以上である請求項１～５のいずれか１項に記載の自動車用合わせガラス。
  7. 　前記複数の中間膜の厚みが全て同じである請求項１～６のいずれか１項に記載の自動車用合わせガラス。
  8. 　ＩＳＯ／ＰＡＳ　１６９４０：２００４に準拠した機械インピーダンス法（中央加振、半値幅法）による０～５００Ｈｚの一次損失係数ηが０．４以上である請求項１～７のいずれか１項に記載の自動車用合わせガラス。
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