WO2017094094A1 - 摺動部材およびすべり軸受 - Google Patents
摺動部材およびすべり軸受 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017094094A1 WO2017094094A1 PCT/JP2015/083687 JP2015083687W WO2017094094A1 WO 2017094094 A1 WO2017094094 A1 WO 2017094094A1 JP 2015083687 W JP2015083687 W JP 2015083687W WO 2017094094 A1 WO2017094094 A1 WO 2017094094A1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
- F16C33/122—Multilayer structures of sleeves, washers or liners
- F16C33/125—Details of bearing layers, i.e. the lining
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C11/00—Alloys based on lead
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C12/00—Alloys based on antimony or bismuth
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C13/00—Alloys based on tin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/02—Alloys based on copper with tin as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F17/00—Multi-step processes for surface treatment of metallic material involving at least one process provided for in class C23 and at least one process covered by subclass C21D or C22F or class C25
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/54—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of metals not provided for in groups C25D3/04 - C25D3/50
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/10—Bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C17/10—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for both radial and axial load
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
- F16C33/122—Multilayer structures of sleeves, washers or liners
- F16C33/124—Details of overlays
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/06—Coating on the layer surface on metal layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/20—Inorganic coating
- B32B2255/205—Metallic coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/536—Hardness
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
- F16C2204/10—Alloys based on copper
- F16C2204/12—Alloys based on copper with tin as the next major constituent
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
- F16C2204/10—Alloys based on copper
- F16C2204/18—Alloys based on copper with bismuth as the next major constituent
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
- F16C2204/30—Alloys based on one of tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, indium, e.g. materials for providing sliding surfaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
- F16C2240/40—Linear dimensions, e.g. length, radius, thickness, gap
- F16C2240/48—Particle sizes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/046—Brasses; Bushes; Linings divided or split, e.g. half-bearings or rolled sleeves
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sliding member and a plain bearing in which a mating shaft slides on a sliding surface.
- Patent Document 1 A sliding member in which a Bi overlay is formed is known (see Patent Document 1).
- conformability and wear resistance are improved by forming an overlay so that the density of precipitated particles of Bi is 50 to 300 particles / 100 ⁇ m 2 .
- Patent Document 1 if the Bi precipitated particle density is 50 to 300 particles / 100 ⁇ m 2 , the fatigue resistance (strength) of the overlay can be improved, but the deformation of the overlay becomes difficult and the conformability decreases. There was a problem.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a technique capable of achieving both conformability and fatigue resistance.
- a sliding member in which a coating layer having a sliding surface of a mating member is formed on a base layer, the coating layer is formed from the base layer.
- a soft soft material Is formed of a soft soft material, and on the sliding surface, aggregates of soft materials having an average particle diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 1 ⁇ m or less are aggregated in a lump shape, whereby an aggregate having an average diameter of 3 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less Is formed.
- the coating strength of the coating layer on the sliding surface can be improved due to the Hall-Petch relationship. Fatigue can be improved. Furthermore, by forming an aggregate in which the crystal grains of the soft material are aggregated in a lump, the conformability can be improved by deformation of the aggregate. That is, fatigue resistance can be improved by fine crystal grains, and at the same time, conformability can be improved by deformation of the aggregate.
- the average grain size of the crystal grains it is possible to prevent the fatigue resistance from being insufficient by setting the average grain size of the crystal grains to 1 ⁇ m or less. Further, by setting the average diameter of the aggregate to 3 ⁇ m or more, it is possible to prevent the deformation amount of the aggregate from being insufficient. On the other hand, by setting the average diameter of the aggregate to 30 ⁇ m or less, it is possible to prevent the oil film from being properly formed by the coarse aggregate and preventing the seizure resistance from deteriorating. By forming the coating layer so that the product of the average grain size of the crystal grains and the average diameter of the aggregate is 3 or more, good fatigue resistance and conformability can be realized.
- the soft material may be Bi, Sn, Pb, In, or Sb.
- Bi, Sn, Pb, In, and Sb all have low hardness (for example, Mohs hardness) and are suitable as soft materials.
- the effects of the present invention described above are also exhibited in a plain bearing having the characteristics of the present invention.
- FIG. 2A is a photograph of the sliding surface
- FIG. 2B is a photograph of the assembly. It is explanatory drawing of a compression test.
- 4A is a graph showing the pulse current of Bi electroplating
- FIG. 4B is a graph of the average grain size of Bi crystal grains
- FIG. 4C is a graph of the average diameter of an aggregate of Bi crystal grains.
- FIG. 5A is a graph of deformation
- FIG. 5B is a graph of yield stress.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a sliding member 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the sliding member 1 includes a back metal 10, a lining 11, and an overlay 12.
- the sliding member 1 is a half-divided metal member obtained by dividing a hollow cylinder into two equal parts in the diameter direction and has a semicircular cross section.
- the sliding bearing A is formed by combining the two sliding members 1 into a cylindrical shape.
- the slide bearing A supports a cylindrical mating shaft 2 (engine crankshaft) in a hollow portion formed inside.
- the outer diameter of the mating shaft 2 is formed slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the slide bearing A.
- Lubricating oil engine oil
- the sliding member 1 has a structure in which a back metal 10, a lining 11, and an overlay 12 are laminated in order from the center of curvature. Therefore, the back metal 10 constitutes the outermost layer of the sliding member 1, and the overlay 12 constitutes the innermost layer of the sliding member 1.
- the back metal 10, the lining 11 and the overlay 12 each have a constant thickness in the circumferential direction.
- the thickness of the back metal 10 is 1.3 mm
- the thickness of the lining 11 is 0.2 mm
- the thickness of the overlay 12 is 20 ⁇ m.
- the radius of the surface on the curvature center side of the overlay 12 (inner diameter of the sliding member 1) is 40 mm.
- the inside means the center of curvature of the sliding member 1
- the outside means the side opposite to the center of curvature of the sliding member 1.
- the inner surface of the overlay 12 constitutes the sliding surface of the counterpart shaft 2.
- the back metal 10 is made of steel containing 0.15 wt% C, 0.06 wt% Mn, and the balance being Fe.
- the back metal 10 should just be formed with the material which can support the load from the other party shaft 2 via the lining 11 and the overlay 12, and does not necessarily need to be formed with steel.
- the lining 11 is a layer laminated on the inner side of the back metal 10 and constitutes the base layer of the present invention.
- the lining 11 contains 10 wt% of Sn, 8 wt% of Bi, and the balance consists of Cu and inevitable impurities.
- Inevitable impurities of the lining 11 are Mg, Ti, B, Pb, Cr and the like, and are impurities mixed in refining or scrap.
- the content of inevitable impurities is 1.0 wt% or less as a whole.
- the overlay 12 is a layer laminated on the inner surface of the lining 11 and constitutes the coating layer of the present invention.
- the overlay 12 is made of Bi and inevitable impurities.
- the content of inevitable impurities is 1.0 wt% or less.
- FIG. 2A is a photograph of the inner surface of the overlay 12. As shown in FIG. 2A, a large number of aggregates 12 a are formed on the inner surface of the overlay 12, that is, on the sliding surface of the mating shaft 2.
- the average diameter which is the average value of the diameters of the aggregates 12a in the direction parallel to the sliding surface, was 14 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 2B is a photograph of the aggregate 12a.
- the aggregate 12a is a polycrystal formed by agglomerating a large number of Bi crystal grains.
- the average grain size of Bi crystal grains on the surface of the aggregate 12a was 0.7 ⁇ m.
- the amount of deformation of the overlay 12 in the compression test was as good as 2.4 ⁇ m.
- the amount of deformation of the overlay 12 means the amount of decrease in the thickness of the overlay 12 when the sliding member 1 is compressed by a compression test.
- the coating strength of the coating layer on the sliding surface can be improved by the Hall-Petch relationship, and fatigue resistance Can be improved.
- the conformability can be improved by deformation of the aggregate 12a. That is, fatigue resistance can be improved by fine crystal grains, and at the same time, conformability can be improved by deformation of the aggregate 12a.
- each layer was measured by the following procedure. First, the cross section in the diameter direction of the sliding member 1 was polished with a cross section polisher (IB-09010CP, manufactured by JEOL). Then, the cross-section of the sliding member 1 was photographed with an electron microscope (JSM-6610A, manufactured by JEOL Ltd.) at a magnification of 7000 to obtain image data of an observation image (reflected electron image). Then, the film thickness was measured by analyzing the observation image with an image analyzer (Lusex AP manufactured by Nireco).
- the average grain size of Bi crystal grains in the overlay 12 was measured by the following procedure. First, an arbitrary observation visual field range (rectangular range of 17 ⁇ m long ⁇ 25 ⁇ m wide) having an area of 425 ⁇ m 2 on the inner surface of the overlay 12 was photographed with an electron microscope (JSM-6610A manufactured by JEOL Ltd.) at a magnification of 5000 times ( Image data of an observation image (reflected electron image) was obtained by vertical viewing. And the particle size of the crystal grain of Bi was measured by performing the section method in an observation image. In this intercept method, the grain size of a crystal grain on the line segment was measured by dividing the length of the line segment by the number of crystal grains through which the line segment formed on the observation image passes. Furthermore, the arithmetic average value (total value / number of line segments) of the grain sizes of the crystal grains measured for each of the plurality of line segments was measured as the average grain size.
- the average diameter of the Bi aggregate 12a in the overlay 12 was measured by the following procedure. First, an arbitrary observation visual field range (rectangular range of 0.17 mm in length ⁇ 0.25 mm in width) having an area of 0.0425 mm 2 on the inner surface of the overlay 12 is photographed with a magnification of 500 times (vertical view). ) To obtain image data of an observation image. Then, the observation image was input to the image analysis device, and the edge of the image of the aggregate 12a existing in the observation image (the boundary where the brightness, saturation, and hue angle differ by a predetermined value or more) was extracted. Furthermore, the region closed by the edge was extracted from the observation image as an image of the Bi aggregate 12a by the image analysis apparatus.
- the projected area circle equivalent diameter (measurement parameter: HEYWOOD) was measured with respect to the images of all the Bi aggregates 12a existing in the observation visual field range by the image analysis apparatus.
- the projected area equivalent circle diameter is the diameter of a circle having an area equal to the projected area of the Bi aggregate 12a, and the diameter of the circle having an area equal to the area of the image of the Bi aggregate 12a is based on the optical magnification. This is the diameter converted to the actual length. Further, the arithmetic average value (total value / number of aggregates) of the projected area equivalent circle diameters of all the aggregates 12a was measured as the average diameter of the Bi aggregates 12a.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the compression test.
- a compression test was performed by applying a static load to the half-shaped sliding member 1 placed on a housing H that can be regarded as a substantially rigid body.
- a semi-cylindrical concave portion having a diameter corresponding to the outer diameter of the sliding member 1 is formed, and the sliding member 1 is placed along the concave portion.
- a cylindrical mating shaft G having a diameter corresponding to the inner diameter of the sliding member 1 was prepared, and the mating shaft G was placed on the inner surface of the sliding member 1.
- a static load of 50 kN is applied to the counterpart shaft G by means of an autograph (Shimadzu AG-IS) through the plastic plate T, while the thickness of the sliding member 1 is reduced by the autograph. The amount of deformation was measured.
- (1-3) Manufacturing method of sliding member First, a flat plate of low carbon steel having the same thickness as the back metal 10 was prepared. Next, the powder of the material which comprises the lining 11 was sprayed on the plane board formed with the low carbon steel. Specifically, Cu powder, Bi powder, and Sn powder were mixed and dispersed on a flat plate of low carbon steel so that the mass ratio of each component in the lining 11 described above was obtained. As long as the mass ratio of each component in the lining 11 can be satisfied, an alloy powder such as Cu—Bi or Cu—Sn may be dispersed on a flat plate of low carbon steel. The particle size of the powder was adjusted to 150 ⁇ m or less using a test sieve (JIS Z8801).
- the flat plate of low carbon steel and the powder spread on the flat plate were sintered.
- the sintering temperature was controlled at 700 to 1000 ° C., and sintering was performed in an inert atmosphere. After sintering, it was cooled. When cooling is completed, a Cu alloy layer is formed on the flat plate of low carbon steel. This Cu alloy layer contains soft Bi particles precipitated during cooling.
- the low carbon steel on which the Cu alloy layer was formed was pressed so that the hollow cylinder was divided into two equal parts in the diameter direction. At this time, press working was performed so that the outer diameter of the low carbon steel coincided with the outer diameter of the sliding member 1.
- the surface of the Cu alloy layer formed on the back metal 10 was cut.
- the cutting amount was controlled so that the thickness of the Cu alloy layer formed on the back metal 10 was the same as that of the lining 11.
- the lining 11 can be formed with the Cu alloy layer after cutting.
- the cutting was performed by a lathe on which a cutting tool material formed of sintered diamond was set.
- overlay 12 was formed by laminating Bi as a soft material on the surface of lining 11 by electroplating to a thickness of 12 ⁇ m.
- the procedure for electroplating Bi was as follows. First, the surface of the lining 11 was degreased by passing an electric current through the surface of the lining 11 in the electrolytic solution. Next, the surface of the lining 11 was washed with water. Furthermore, unnecessary oxides were removed by pickling the surface of the lining 11. Thereafter, the surface of the lining 11 was washed again with water. When the above pretreatment was completed, Bi was electroplated by supplying current to the lining 11 immersed in the plating bath.
- the conditions for Bi electroplating in the overlay 12 were as follows.
- the bath composition was a plating bath containing Bi concentration: 10 g / L, organic sulfonic acid: 25-100 g / L, and additive (polyethylene glycol): 0.5-50 g / L.
- the bath temperature of the plating bath was adjusted to 50 ° C.
- the current supplied to the lining 11 was a rectangular pulse current with a duty ratio of 50%, and the average current density was 1 A / dm 2 .
- FIG. 4A is a graph showing the pulse current of Bi electroplating.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 4A indicates time, and the vertical axis indicates pulse current (the magnitude of current density).
- the average particle diameter of the Bi crystal grains and the average diameter of the aggregate 12a of Bi crystal grains are adjusted by changing the pulse width.
- FIG. 4B is a graph of the average grain size of Bi crystal grains.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 4B indicates the pulse width, and the vertical axis indicates the average grain size of the Bi crystal grains.
- the average grain size of Bi crystal grains can be adjusted by changing the pulse width while keeping the duty ratio and the average current density constant. Specifically, the average grain size of Bi crystal grains can be adjusted to be large by increasing the pulse width.
- FIG. 4C is a graph of the average diameter of the aggregate of Bi crystal grains.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 4C indicates the pulse width, and the vertical axis indicates the average diameter of the aggregate of Bi crystal grains.
- the average diameter of the aggregate of Bi crystal grains can be adjusted by changing the pulse width while keeping the duty ratio and the average current density constant.
- the average grain size of Bi crystal grains can be adjusted to be small by increasing the pulse width. In this embodiment, by setting the pulse width to 0.1 milliseconds, the average grain diameter of Bi crystal grains was adjusted to 0.7 ⁇ m, and the average diameter of the aggregate of crystal grains was adjusted to 14 ⁇ m.
- the sliding member 1 was completed by washing and drying. Furthermore, the sliding bearing A was formed by combining two sliding members 1 in a cylindrical shape.
- Table 1 shows the results of measuring the deformation amount for each average particle diameter of the Bi crystal and the average diameter of the Bi aggregate 12a in the overlay 12.
- Sample 1 is a comparative example having a substantially flat sliding surface in which the Bi aggregate 12a does not exist.
- Samples 1 to 5 having different average grain diameters of Bi crystals and Bi aggregates 12a were produced by the same method as described above. However, the average particle diameter of the Bi crystal was adjusted by adjusting the current density and pulse width in the electroplating of the overlay 12.
- FIG. 5A is a graph showing the deformation amount for each average diameter of the Bi aggregate 12a. As shown in the figure, it was found that the amount of deformation can be increased rapidly by increasing the average diameter of the aggregate 12a in a region where the average diameter of the Bi aggregate 12a is 10 ⁇ m or less. Further, it was found that a large amount of deformation can be stably obtained in the region where the average diameter of the Bi aggregate 12a is 10 ⁇ m or more. Therefore, in order to obtain the conformability necessary for the sliding bearing A, it has been found that the average diameter of the Bi aggregate 12a is more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more.
- FIG. 5B is a graph showing the relationship between the average grain size of crystals and the yield stress (quoted: T. G. Nieh, Lawrence Livermore National Lab). As shown in the figure, in the region where the yield stress becomes maximum at a crystal grain size of about 10 to 20 nm and the crystal grain size is larger than the crystal grain size, the average is in accordance with the Hall-Petch relationship. The yield stress decreases as the grain size increases. It was found that by setting the average grain size of Bi crystal to about 0.5 ⁇ m, the yield stress is moderately large and moderate hardness can be obtained as the hardness of the aggregate 12a.
- the sliding member 1 constituting the sliding bearing A for bearing the crankshaft of the engine has been illustrated.
- the sliding bearing 1 for other applications may be formed by the sliding member 1 of the present invention.
- a transmission gear bush, a piston pin bush, a boss bush, or the like may be formed by the sliding member 1 of the present invention.
- the matrix of the lining 11 is not limited to the Cu alloy, and a matrix material may be selected according to the hardness of the counterpart shaft 2.
- the soft material may be any material that is softer than the lining 11, and may be any one of Pb, Sn, In, and Sb, for example.
- 1 sliding member, 2 ... mating shaft, 10 ... back metal, 11 ... lining, 12 ... overlay, 12a ... aggregate.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、前記課題にかんがみてなされたもので、なじみ性と耐疲労性とを両立できる技術を提供することを目的とする。
(1)第1実施形態:
(1-1)摺動部材の構成:
(1-2)計測方法:
(1-3)摺動部材の製造方法:
(2)実験結果:
(3)他の実施形態:
(1-1)摺動部材の構成:
図1は、本発明の一実施形態にかかる摺動部材1の斜視図である。摺動部材1は、裏金10とライニング11とオーバーレイ12とを含む。摺動部材1は、中空状の円筒を直径方向に2等分した半割形状の金属部材であり、断面が半円弧状となっている。2個の摺動部材1を円筒状になるように組み合わせることにより、すべり軸受Aが形成される。すべり軸受Aは内部に形成される中空部分にて円柱状の相手軸2(エンジンのクランクシャフト)を軸受けする。相手軸2の外径はすべり軸受Aの内径よりもわずかに小さく形成されている。相手軸2の外周面と、すべり軸受Aの内周面との間に形成される隙間に潤滑油(エンジンオイル)が供給される。その際に、すべり軸受Aの内周面上を相手軸2の外周面が摺動する。
上述した実施形態において示した各数値を以下の手法によって計測した。摺動部材1の各層を構成する元素の質量は、ICP発光分光分析装置(島津社製ICPS-8100)によって計測した。
まず、裏金10と同じ厚みを有する低炭素鋼の平面板を用意した。
次に、低炭素鋼で形成された平面板上に、ライニング11を構成する材料の粉末を散布した。具体的に、上述したライニング11における各成分の質量比となるように、Cuの粉末とBiの粉末とSnの粉末とを混合して低炭素鋼の平面板上に散布した。ライニング11における各成分の質量比が満足できればよく、Cu-Bi,Cu-Sn等の合金粉末を低炭素鋼の平面板上に散布してもよい。粉末の粒径は、試験用ふるい(JIS Z8801)によって150μm以下に調整した。
次に、中空状の円筒を直径方向に2等分した形状となるように、Cu合金層が形成された低炭素鋼をプレス加工した。このとき、低炭素鋼の外径が摺動部材1の外径と一致するようにプレス加工した。
前記実施形態においては、エンジンのクランクシャフトを軸受けするすべり軸受Aを構成する摺動部材1を例示したが、本発明の摺動部材1によって他の用途のすべり軸受Aを形成してもよい。例えば、本発明の摺動部材1によってトランスミッション用のギヤブシュやピストンピンブシュ・ボスブシュ等を形成してもよい。また、ライニング11のマトリクスはCu合金に限られず、相手軸2の硬さに応じてマトリクスの材料が選択されればよい。また、軟質材料はライニング11よりも軟らかい材料であればよく、例えばPb,Sn,In,Sbのいずれかであってもよい。
Claims (3)
- 基層上に、相手材の摺動面を有する被覆層が形成された摺動部材であって、
前記被覆層は、前記基層よりも軟らかい軟質材料で形成され、
前記摺動面においては、平均粒径が0.1μm以上かつ1μm以下の前記軟質材料の結晶粒が塊状に集合することにより、平均径が3μm以上かつ30μm以下の集合体が形成される、
摺動部材。 - 前記軟質材料は、Bi、Sn、Pb、InまたはSbである、
請求項1に記載の摺動部材。 - 基層上に、相手材の摺動面を有する被覆層が形成されたすべり軸受であって、
前記被覆層は、前記基層よりも軟らかい軟質材料で形成され、
前記摺動面においては、平均粒径が0.1μm以上かつ1μm以下の前記軟質材料の結晶粒が塊状に集合することにより、平均径が3μm以上かつ30μm以下の集合体が形成される、
すべり軸受。
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JP2017518369A JP6234637B2 (ja) | 2015-12-01 | 2015-12-01 | 摺動部材およびすべり軸受 |
PCT/JP2015/083687 WO2017094094A1 (ja) | 2015-12-01 | 2015-12-01 | 摺動部材およびすべり軸受 |
US15/542,114 US10100874B2 (en) | 2015-12-01 | 2015-12-01 | Sliding member and slide bearing |
CN201580068636.2A CN107110210B (zh) | 2015-12-01 | 2015-12-01 | 滑动构件以及滑动轴承 |
EP15909724.5A EP3244081B1 (en) | 2015-12-01 | 2015-12-01 | Sliding member and sliding bearing |
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EP4012210A1 (en) | 2020-12-09 | 2022-06-15 | Daido Metal Company Ltd. | Sliding member and method for producing same |
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JP6731969B2 (ja) | 2018-04-11 | 2020-07-29 | 大豊工業株式会社 | 摺動部材 |
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JP2001020955A (ja) * | 1999-07-08 | 2001-01-23 | Taiho Kogyo Co Ltd | すべり軸受 |
JP2005105354A (ja) * | 2003-09-30 | 2005-04-21 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 摺動部材 |
JP2014196765A (ja) * | 2013-03-29 | 2014-10-16 | 大豊工業株式会社 | 摺動部材およびすべり軸受 |
JP2015203461A (ja) * | 2014-04-15 | 2015-11-16 | 大豊工業株式会社 | 摺動部材およびすべり軸受 |
JP2015227490A (ja) * | 2014-06-02 | 2015-12-17 | 大豊工業株式会社 | 摺動部材およびすべり軸受 |
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JP2003156045A (ja) | 2001-09-10 | 2003-05-30 | Daido Metal Co Ltd | 摺動部材 |
GB2380772B (en) * | 2001-09-10 | 2004-06-09 | Daido Metal Co | Sliding member |
JP5021536B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-25 | 2012-09-12 | 大同メタル工業株式会社 | すべり軸受 |
AT509111B1 (de) * | 2009-12-10 | 2011-09-15 | Miba Gleitlager Gmbh | Gleitschicht |
GB2487532A (en) * | 2011-01-21 | 2012-08-01 | Mahle Int Gmbh | Bearing linings |
JP2014196764A (ja) * | 2013-03-29 | 2014-10-16 | 大豊工業株式会社 | 摺動部材およびすべり軸受 |
AT515099B1 (de) * | 2014-01-31 | 2015-06-15 | Miba Gleitlager Gmbh | Mehrschichtgleitlager |
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- 2015-12-01 EP EP15909724.5A patent/EP3244081B1/en active Active
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JP2001020955A (ja) * | 1999-07-08 | 2001-01-23 | Taiho Kogyo Co Ltd | すべり軸受 |
JP2005105354A (ja) * | 2003-09-30 | 2005-04-21 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 摺動部材 |
JP2014196765A (ja) * | 2013-03-29 | 2014-10-16 | 大豊工業株式会社 | 摺動部材およびすべり軸受 |
JP2015203461A (ja) * | 2014-04-15 | 2015-11-16 | 大豊工業株式会社 | 摺動部材およびすべり軸受 |
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EP4012210A1 (en) | 2020-12-09 | 2022-06-15 | Daido Metal Company Ltd. | Sliding member and method for producing same |
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CN107110210A (zh) | 2017-08-29 |
JPWO2017094094A1 (ja) | 2017-11-30 |
EP3244081B1 (en) | 2019-05-08 |
US20180258993A1 (en) | 2018-09-13 |
US10100874B2 (en) | 2018-10-16 |
JP6234637B2 (ja) | 2017-11-22 |
EP3244081A4 (en) | 2018-06-13 |
CN107110210B (zh) | 2018-07-24 |
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