WO2017067411A1 - 一种crts ⅲ型板式无砟轨道充填层用自密实混凝土及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种crts ⅲ型板式无砟轨道充填层用自密实混凝土及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2017067411A1
WO2017067411A1 PCT/CN2016/101905 CN2016101905W WO2017067411A1 WO 2017067411 A1 WO2017067411 A1 WO 2017067411A1 CN 2016101905 W CN2016101905 W CN 2016101905W WO 2017067411 A1 WO2017067411 A1 WO 2017067411A1
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self
compacting concrete
filling layer
ballastless track
crts iii
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PCT/CN2016/101905
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English (en)
French (fr)
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陈钱宝
黄海
陈雷
汪志勇
黄玉华
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中铁四局集团有限公司
安徽中铁工程材料科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2017067411A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017067411A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B24/38—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of building materials, in particular to a self-compacting concrete for CRTS III type slab ballastless track filling layer and a preparation method thereof.
  • the CRTS III type slab ballastless track structure is a new type of ballastless track structure that Chinese scientific and technological designers have carried out a number of core technological innovations and independently designed. China has completely independent intellectual property rights.
  • CRTS III type slab ballastless track structure is designed to overcome the outstanding defects in the construction, operation and maintenance of CRTS I and CRTS II slab ballastless track structures, to achieve a simple construction of ballastless track structure, material environment friendly, structure Long life and easy maintenance.
  • One of the core technologies of the CRTS III type slab ballastless track structure is to replace the CA mortar with self-compacting concrete as the filling material for the track structure filling layer.
  • self-compacting concrete has the advantages of wide source of raw materials, stable mechanical properties, low cost, convenient construction and maintenance on site.
  • the CRTS III type slab ballastless track structure will be the preferred form of ballastless track structure for high-speed railway construction in the future.
  • CRTS III type slab ballastless track filling layer has unique structural characteristics, which are as follows: 1) The filling layer is a narrow and long closed plate cavity between the base plate and the track plate, and the length and width of the plate cavity formed by the standard plate is 5.6m ⁇ 2.5 m, the height of the plate cavity is only 9 ⁇ 10cm, which is a typical large-size thin-wall structure, which cannot be vibrated by external force. In order to ensure the self-leveling self-leveling filled compact cavity of self-compacting concrete, the self-compacting concrete mixture must have excellent performance.
  • Fluidity and segregation resistance 2) Filling layer high-density reinforcement and bottom geotextile form a great resistance to the perfusion flow of self-compacting concrete in the cavity, and the fluid concrete must have the lowest possible yield shear.
  • the stress and the appropriate plastic viscosity coefficient ensure high self-compacting concrete with high clearance capacity and high slurry stability.
  • the depth of the limiting groove at both ends of the filling layer is up to 10cm, and the perfusion process flows from the solid concrete plane to the concave. When the groove is located, it suddenly falls freely, and the inertia causes the coarse aggregate to sink.
  • the self-compacting concrete is prone to the rich layer and the bubble accumulation layer in the groove part.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a CRTS III type slab ballastless track. Self-compacting concrete for filling layer and preparation method thereof.
  • a CRTS III type slab ballastless track filling layer is made of self-compacting concrete, which is prepared from the following weight ratio raw materials:
  • the cement of the invention is Portland cement
  • the Portland cement clinker and gypsum content is not less than 80%
  • the specific surface is 300-350 m 2 /kg
  • the alkali content is not more than 0.60%
  • 28 days The compressive strength is not less than 42.5 MPa.
  • the expansion agent of the present invention is at least one of a calcium sulphoaluminate expansion agent, a calcium oxide expansion agent, and a calcium sulphoaluminate-calcium oxide expansion agent, and the expansion agent has a preliminary setting time greater than 45min, 7d water limit expansion rate is not less than 0.050%, 21d air limit expansion rate is not less than -0.010%.
  • the fine aggregate of the present invention is at least one of river sand, artificial mechanical sand, modified sea sand, and recycled fine aggregate, and the fine aggregate has a fineness modulus of 2.4 to 2.8.
  • the mud content is not more than 2.0%.
  • the coarse aggregate of the present invention is at least one of gravel, pebbles and pebbles, the particle size of the particles is not more than 20 mm, and the grading is continuous, and the content of the coarse aggregate needle-like particles is not more than 5.0. %, the mud content is not more than 0.5%.
  • the fly ash of the invention is an anthracite or active gelling material collected by calcining coal, the water requirement ratio is not more than 95%, and the loss on ignition is not more than 5.0% under the temperature condition of 950 ⁇ 25°C.
  • the mineral powder of the invention is one of granulated blast furnace slag powder or ground slag powder, the fluidity ratio is not less than 95%, the loss on ignition is not more than 3.0% under the temperature condition of 950 ⁇ 25°C, and the activity index of 28d is not lower than 95%.
  • the special viscosity modifying material used in the invention has been patented, and its publication number is: CN104829160A, and the special viscosity modifying material is composed of fumed silica, calcium carbonate, low-viscosity hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, high-viscosity hydroxy group. Ethyl cellulose ether, thixotropic modifier and water-soluble polymer rubber powder are uniformly mixed.
  • the proportion of each component is: fumed silica 45 ⁇ 55%, nanometer calcium carbonate 43 ⁇ 55%, low-viscosity hydroxyethyl cellulose 0-0.5%, high-viscosity ethyl cellulose 0-0.5%, thixotropic modifier 0-2%, water-soluble polymer rubber powder 2-4%.
  • the special slow release controllable polycarboxylate water reducing agent used in the invention has been patented, and its publication number is CN104829159A, and the special slow release controllable polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent is reduced by high water-reducing polycarboxylic acid.
  • the invention also provides preparation of self-compacting concrete for CRTS III type slab ballastless track filling layer
  • the method comprises the following steps: weighing the following raw materials according to the ratio: cement, fly ash, mineral powder, expansion agent, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, special viscosity modifying material, special slow release controllable polycarboxylic acid minus Water agent, water; cement, fly ash, mineral powder, expansion agent, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, special viscosity modification material into the pot once, pre-stirred for 20s; then add special slow release controllable polycarboxylic acid The water reducing agent and water are stirred for 180-240 s to obtain the self-compacting concrete for the CRTS III type slab ballastless track filling layer.
  • the invention combines special viscosity modifying material and special slow release controllable polycarboxylate water reducing agent, and prepares fluidity by using fine aggregates such as river sand, artificial mechanism sand, modified sea sand and recycled fine aggregate, respectively.
  • fine aggregates such as river sand, artificial mechanism sand, modified sea sand and recycled fine aggregate, respectively.
  • Self-compacting concrete for filling layer, reducing CRTS III The construction difficulty of the self-compacting concrete of the long and narrow filling layer of the slab increases the service life of the ballastless track structure.
  • the filling layer of the present invention uses the self-compacting concrete ratio to define the range of three important parameters of the total amount of the rubber material, the sand ratio and the water-to-binder ratio in the proportion, and basically satisfies the 40-50 MPa compressive strength interval filling layer. Design requirements for self-compacting concrete mix ratios;
  • the invention can use the river sand, the artificial mechanism sand, the modified sea sand and the recycled fine aggregate to prepare the self-compacting concrete for the filling layer with excellent performance, thereby ensuring the extensiveness of the self-compacting concrete fine aggregate source;
  • the proposed self-compacting concrete preparation method for filling layer is simple and efficient, and has low energy consumption, and is suitable for continuous production in a mixing station;
  • the prepared self-compacting concrete has the technical advantages of good fluidity, strong volume stability, low water consumption sensitivity, long fluidity retention time, small change of thixotropic time, low shrinkage rate and good durability. It is specially used for the pouring construction of CRTS III type slab ballastless track structure filling layer, which has a good application prospect and significant economic benefits.
  • the cement is ordinary Portland cement conforming to the Chinese national standard, the total amount of clinker plus gypsum is 90%, and the rest is volcanic ash mixed material; the required water content of fly ash is 94%, burning The loss is 4.2%; the mineral powder fluidity is 100%, the loss on ignition is 2.8%; the expansion agent is calcium sulphoaluminate expansion agent; the viscosity modification material and water reducing agent are produced by Anhui Zhongtie Engineering Materials Technology Co., Ltd. Special viscosity-modifying material for dense concrete (product obtained in Example 1 in publication No.
  • the slow release controllable polycarboxylate water reducing agent (the product obtained in Example 1 of the publication No. CN104829159A); the coarse aggregate is a 5-16 mm continuous grade crushed stone; the mixing water is drinking water, and the performance meets the relevant specifications. .
  • the self-compacting concrete prepared after passing the performance test After testing the performance of all raw materials to meet the requirements, the self-compacting concrete prepared after passing the performance test, the CRTS III type ballastless track filling layer filling and uncovering test, finally based on the self-compacting concrete self-performance and perfusion quality for comprehensive evaluation
  • the self-compacting concrete preparation methods of the following examples are carried out as follows:
  • the fine aggregate is a river sand with a fineness modulus of 2.6.
  • the viscosity-modified material is a thickening material with cellulose as the main component.
  • the special viscosity modification material is not used, and the water reducing agent is a special slow release controllable polycarboxylic acid.
  • Water reducing agent, CRTS III type slab ballastless track filling layer with self-compacting concrete is shown in Table 1.
  • the ballastless track filling layer prepared by mixing in proportion 1 was delivered to the site with self-compacting concrete.
  • the concrete expansion degree was 610 mm
  • T 500 was 6.1 s
  • gas content was 8.2%
  • concrete viscosity was compared. Large, filling layer infusion construction takes 20 minutes, far exceeding the normal time of 10min, and the quality of self-compacting concrete filling layer is found to be poor after uncovering.
  • the performance of self-compacting concrete and the uncovering condition are shown in Table 2.
  • the fine aggregate is a river sand with a fineness modulus of 2.6
  • the viscosity modified material is a special viscosity modified material
  • the water reducing agent is a Rawy101 polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent produced by Anhui Zhongtie Engineering Materials Co., Ltd., and no special sustained release can be used.
  • Controlled polycarboxylate water reducer, CRTS III type plate ballastless track filling layer with self-compacting concrete is shown in Table 3.
  • the ballastless track filling layer prepared by mixing proportion 2 was delivered to the site with self-compacting concrete.
  • the mixing water was added for 70 min, the expansion degree was 570 mm, the T 500 was 11.4 s, the fluidity loss was great, and the slurry was The body viscosity is large and it is difficult to carry out the pouring construction.
  • the performance of self-compacting concrete and the condition of pouring and unloading are shown in Table 4.
  • the fine aggregate is river sand with a fineness modulus of 2.6
  • the viscosity modified material is a special viscosity modification material
  • the water reducing agent is a special slow release controllable polycarboxylate water reducing agent
  • the CRTS III type plate type ballastless track filling layer Table 5 is used for the self-compacting concrete.
  • the ballastless track filling layer prepared by mixing in the proportion of Example 1 was delivered to the site by self-compacting concrete.
  • the mixing water was added for 150 minutes, the performance of the tested concrete satisfies the requirements of the pouring construction, and the filling layer infusion construction takes 9 minutes.
  • the time consumption of the board is normal.
  • the uncovering test shows that the self-compacting concrete has good performance and the quality of the filling layer is good.
  • the performance of the self-compacting concrete and the condition of the filling and unloading are shown in Table 6.
  • the fine aggregate is an artificial mechanism sand with a fineness modulus of 2.5
  • the viscosity modified material is a special viscosity modification material
  • the water reducing agent is a special slow release controllable polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent
  • the CRTS III type plate type ballastless track filling is used.
  • the layer used for self-compacting concrete is shown in Table 7.
  • the ballastless track filling layer prepared by mixing in the proportion of Example 2 was delivered to the site with self-compacting concrete.
  • the mixing water was added for 150 minutes, the performance of the tested concrete satisfies the requirements of the pouring construction, and the filling layer infusion construction takes 9.5 minutes.
  • the time required for the filling board is normal.
  • the unbending test shows that the self-compacting concrete has good performance and the quality of the filling layer is good.
  • the performance of the self-compacting concrete and the condition of the filling and unloading are shown in Table 8.
  • the fine aggregate is a modified sea sand with a fineness modulus of 2.4
  • the viscosity modified material is a special viscosity modified material
  • the water reducing agent is a special slow release controllable polycarboxylate water reducing agent
  • the CRTS III type plate ballastless track The packing of the self-compacting concrete for the filling layer is shown in Table 9.
  • the ballastless track filling layer prepared by mixing in the proportion of Example 3 was delivered to the site with self-compacting concrete.
  • the mixing water was added for 150 minutes, the performance of the tested concrete satisfies the requirements of the pouring construction, and the filling operation of the filling layer takes 8.5 minutes.
  • the time required for the filling plate is normal.
  • the unbending test shows that the self-compacting concrete has good performance and the quality of the filling layer is good.
  • the performance of the self-compacting concrete and the condition of the filling and unloading are shown in Table 10.
  • the fine aggregate is a river sand with a fineness modulus of 2.6
  • the viscosity modified material is a special viscosity modifying material
  • the water reducing agent is a special slow release controllable polycarboxylate water reducing agent
  • the CRTSIII type plate type ballastless track filling layer is used.
  • Table 11 The arrangement of self-compacting concrete is shown in Table 11.
  • the ballastless track filling layer prepared by mixing in the proportion of Example 4 was delivered to the site with self-compacting concrete.
  • the mixing water was added for 150 minutes, the performance of the tested concrete satisfies the requirements of the pouring construction, and the filling operation of the filling layer takes 10 minutes.
  • the board consumption is normal.
  • the uncovering test shows that the self-compacting concrete has good performance and the quality of the filling layer is good.
  • the performance of the self-compacting concrete and the condition of the filling and unloading are shown in Table 12.
  • Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 are examples of self-compacting concrete prepared by using a special slow-release controllable polycarboxylate water-reducing agent and a special viscosity-modifying material, respectively, and the results show that the self-compacting concrete properties of the two materials are used alone. None of them can meet the needs of filling infusion construction, can not be poured, or the filling quality of the filling layer is poor.
  • Example 1-4 river sand, artificial sand and modified sea sand were used as fine aggregates, and at the same time, two kinds of self-compacting materials were specially combined with special viscosity modifying materials and special slow-release controllable polycarboxylate water reducing agents.
  • Concrete special raw material, self-compacting concrete prepared according to the preparation method of the invention is used for perfusion uncovering test, because of good fluidity of the concrete, strong volume stability of the slurry, small thixotropy and long fluidity retention time, excellent concrete performance To meet the filling construction requirements of the filling layer, the quality of the pouring construction is good.

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Abstract

一种CRTS Ⅲ型板式无砟轨道充填层用自密实混凝土，由下述重量配比的材料配制而成：水泥270～350份、粉煤灰0～130份、矿粉0～120份、膨胀剂20～50份、细骨料790～900份、连续级配粗骨料750～900份、专用黏度改性材料20～40份、专用缓释可控型聚羧酸减水剂5.5～8.5份、水165～180份。

Description

一种CRTS Ⅲ型板式无砟轨道充填层用自密实混凝土及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明属于建筑材料技术领域，具体是一种CRTS Ⅲ型板式无砟轨道充填层用自密实混凝土及其制备方法。
背景技术
CRTS Ⅲ型板式无砟轨道结构形式是中国科研设计人员进行多个核心技术创新，自主设计完成的新型无砟轨道结构形式，中国对其拥有完全自主知识产权。CRTS Ⅲ型板式无砟轨道结构设计宗旨是为克服CRTS I型和CRTS II型板式无砟轨道结构施工、运营和维护过程中存在的突出缺陷，实现无砟轨道结构施工方便、材料环境友好、结构寿命长和维护方便等目标。
CRTS Ⅲ型板式无砟轨道结构的核心技术之一是利用自密实混凝土取代CA砂浆作为轨道结构充填层填充材料。与CA砂浆施工复杂、成本高、环境污染大和材料耐久性差等不足相比，自密实混凝土具有原材料来源广泛、力学性能稳定、成本低、现场铺设施工和维修方便的优势。CRTS Ⅲ型板式无砟轨道结构形式将是今后高速铁路建设中首选的无砟轨道结构形式。
CRTS Ⅲ型板式无砟轨道充填层具有独特的结构特点，具体表现为：1)充填层为底座板和轨道板之间的狭长密闭板腔，标准板构成的板腔长宽为5.6m×2.5m，板腔高度仅为9～10cm，属于典型的大尺寸薄壁结构，无法外力振捣施工，为保证自密实混凝土长距离自流平填充密实板腔，自密实混凝土拌合物必须具有优异的流动性和抗离析性；2)充填层高密度配筋和底部土工布对板腔内自密实混凝土的灌注流动形成巨大阻力，流态混凝土必须具备尽可能低的屈服剪切 应力和适当的塑性粘度系数，保证自密实混凝土具有高的间隙通过能力和高的浆体稳定性；3)充填层两端的限位凹槽深度达10cm，灌注过程自密实混凝土平面高速流至凹槽部位时，突然自由下落，惯性作用导致粗骨料下沉，自密实混凝土在凹槽部位极易出现富浆层和气泡聚集层，凝结硬化后降低了充填层与轨道板底面的粘结强度，影响列车荷载作用下轨道结构反应的一致性，充填层易出现离缝等损伤，降低了整体结构的耐久性。因此为保证CRTS Ⅲ型板式无砟轨道充填层用自密实混凝土灌注施工质量，充填层用自密实混凝土需具有流动性好、浆体体积稳定性强、触变小且稳定、流动性保持时间长和耐久性好等特点。
为配制出流动性好、间隙透过能力强、浆体工作性能长时稳定、触变变化小、内部气泡小而稳定的高流态CRTS Ⅲ型板充填层专用自密实混凝土，需实现原材料性能严格控制、自密实混凝土性能指标科学量化、特殊改性材料研发应用和制备方法科学制定。国际针对CRTS Ⅲ型板充填层用自密实混凝土制备应用已见报道，中国专利CN102390967A公开了一种用于高速铁路Ⅲ型板式无砟轨道的自密实混凝土及其制备方法，其以普通增稠剂和普通减水剂为自密实混凝土改性外加剂，对解决自密实混凝土浮浆浮泡层问题发挥一定作用，但其对改变自密实混凝土流变特性，提升自密实混凝土流动性保持时间和体积长时稳定性作用不明显，且自密实混凝土制备方法过于复杂，能耗较大，获得的混凝土性能尚有很大的技术局限性。中国专利CN102503309B公开了一种铁路板式无砟轨道用自密实混凝土拌合制备方法，使用流变助剂对调控自密实混凝土的流变特性起到一定效用，但未提及提升自密实混凝土流动性、流动性保持时间、体积稳定性、收缩率、耐久性和细骨料来源的方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术缺陷，提供一种CRTS Ⅲ型板式无砟轨道 充填层用自密实混凝土及其制备方法。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现：
一种CRTS Ⅲ型板式无砟轨道充填层用自密实混凝土，由下述重量配比的原材料配制而成：
Figure PCTCN2016101905-appb-000001
作为进一步地优选，本发明所述水泥为硅酸盐水泥，硅酸盐水泥熟料及石膏含量不低于80％，比表面为300～350m2/kg，碱含量不超过0.60％，28天抗压强度不低于42.5MPa。
作为进一步地优选，本发明所述膨胀剂为硫铝酸钙类膨胀剂、氧化钙类膨胀剂、硫铝酸钙—氧化钙类膨胀剂中的至少一种，所述膨胀剂初凝时间大于45min，7d水中限制膨胀率不低于0.050％，21d空气中限制膨胀率不低于-0.010％。
作为进一步地优选，本发明所述细骨料为河砂、人工机制砂、改性海砂、再生细骨料中的至少一种，所述细骨料的细度模数为2.4～2.8，含泥量不大于2.0％。
作为进一步地优选，本发明所述粗骨料为碎石、碎卵石、卵石中的至少一种，颗粒粒径不大于20mm，连续级配，所述粗骨料针片状颗粒含量不大于5.0％，含泥量不大于0.5％。
本发明粉煤灰为无烟煤或有烟煤煅烧收集的活性胶凝材料，需水量比不大于95％，950±25℃温度条件下烧失量不大于5.0％。
本发明矿粉为粒化高炉矿渣粉或磨细矿渣粉中的一种，流动度比不低于95％，950±25℃温度条件下烧失量不大于3.0％，28d活性指数不低于95％。
本发明所用专用黏度改性材料已申请过专利，其公开号为：CN104829160A，所述专用黏度改性材料由气相二氧化硅、碳酸钙、低黏型羟乙基纤维素醚、高黏型羟乙基纤维素醚、触变改性剂和水溶性聚合物胶粉均匀混合而成，按质量百分数计，各组分比例依次为：气相二氧化硅45～55％、纳米级碳酸钙43～55％、低黏型羟乙基纤维素0～0.5％、高黏型乙基纤维素0～0.5％、触变改性剂0～2％、水溶性聚合物胶粉2～4％。
本发明所用专用缓释可控型聚羧酸减水剂已申请过专利，其公开号为CN104829159A，所述专用缓释可控型聚羧酸减水剂由高减水型聚羧酸减水剂母液、1型缓释型聚羧酸减水剂母液、2型缓释型聚羧酸减水剂母液、3型缓释型聚羧酸减水剂母液、缓释控制剂、缓凝剂、液相混凝土触变剂、稳泡剂、消泡剂和引气剂复配而成，各组分有效成分配比为：高减水型聚羧酸减水剂母液3.0～5.0％；1型缓释型聚羧酸减水剂母液2.0～4.0％；2型缓释型聚羧酸减水剂母液2.0～3.0％；3型缓释型聚羧酸减水剂母液1.0～3.0％；缓释控制剂0～0.02％；缓凝剂0～3.0％；混凝土触变剂调节剂0～0.05％，稳泡剂0.05～0.1％；消泡剂0～0.07％，引气剂0～0.01％其余为水。
本发明还提供一种CRTS Ⅲ型板式无砟轨道充填层用自密实混凝土的制备 方法，包括以下步骤：按照配比称取以下原材料：水泥、粉煤灰、矿粉、膨胀剂、细骨料、粗骨料、专用黏度改性材料、专用缓释可控型聚羧酸减水剂、水；将水泥、粉煤灰、矿粉、膨胀剂、细骨料、粗骨料、专用黏度改性材料一次入锅，预搅拌20s；再加入专用缓释可控型聚羧酸减水剂和水，搅拌180-240s，即得到CRTS Ⅲ型板式无砟轨道充填层用自密实混凝土。
本发明联合使用专用黏度改性材料和专用缓释可控型聚羧酸减水剂，分别使用河砂、人工机制砂、改性海砂和再生细骨料等细骨料制备出流动性好、体积稳定性强、用水量敏感度低、流动性保持时间长、触变经时变化小、内部气泡稳定性强、收缩率低和耐久性好的充填层专用自密实混凝土，降低了CRTS Ⅲ型板狭长充填层自密实混凝土的施工难度，提升了无砟轨道结构的使用寿命。
工业实用性
(1)本发明充填层用自密实混凝土配比，限定了配比中“胶材总量、砂率和水胶比”三个重要参数的范围，基本满足40～50MPa抗压强度区间充填层用自密实混凝土配合比的设计需求；
(2)本发明使用河砂、人工机制砂、改性海砂和再生细骨料均可制备出性能优异的充填层用自密实混凝土，保证了自密实混凝土细骨料来源的广泛性；
(3)专用黏度改性材料作为充填层用自密实混凝土制备重要原材料，有效地改善了自密实混凝土的各项性能。其中，纳米粒级有机及无机颗粒发挥的滚珠和微填充效应，细化了浆体内部的气泡，增大了自密实混凝土流动性和密实度；高黏度和低黏度增稠组分的混用，实现了保水和增黏的双重效应，有效地增强了自密实混凝土拌合物的体系稳定性和抗离析性，避免了混凝土长距离流动情况下大水胶比浆体层和浮浆浮泡现象的出现，提高了自密实混凝土硬化后与轨道板的粘结强度；
(4)在专用黏度改性材料和专用缓释可控型聚羧酸减水剂中均独创性地引入触变改性剂，保证了自密实混凝土能够在5h内触变性能恒定，减少了由于触变大导致的堵板情况的出现，增大了灌注密实的成功率；
(5)专用缓释可控型聚羧酸减水剂的使用，降低了混凝土用水量敏感性、增大了体系性能稳定性，减小了触变变化，降低了自密实混凝土干燥收缩率，同时具有减水率高、掺量低和水泥品种适应性强等优势；
(6)大量的自密实混凝土性能改性材料均已集成于专用黏度改性材料和专用缓释可控型聚羧酸减水剂中，两种专用材料均为自动化生产线批量生产，产品质量波动极小，制备出的自密实混凝土性能稳定；
(7)提出的充填层用自密实混凝土制备方法方简单高效，能耗小，适于搅拌站连续生产；
(8)制备出的自密实混凝土具有流动性好、体积稳定性强、用水量敏感度低、流动性保持时间长、触变经时变化小、收缩率低和耐久性好等技术优势，可专用于CRTS Ⅲ型板式无砟轨道结构充填层的灌注施工，具有很好地推广应用前景和显著地经济效益。
具体实施方式
为了便于本领域技术人员理解，下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步地说明。
下述各例采用的原材料性能如下：水泥为符合中国国家标准的普通硅酸盐水泥，熟料加石膏总量达90％，其余为火山灰质混合材料；粉煤灰需水量比94％，烧失量4.2％；矿粉流动度为100％，烧失量为2.8％；膨胀剂为硫铝酸钙类膨胀剂；黏度改性材料和减水剂为安徽中铁工程材料科技有限公司生产的自密实混凝土专用黏度改性材料(公开号CN104829160A中的实施例1所得产品)和专 用缓释可控型聚羧酸减水剂(公开号CN104829159A中的实施例1所得产品)；粗骨料为5～16mm连续级配碎石；拌合用水为饮用水，性能满足相关规范要求。
经检验所有原材料性能均符合要求，制备的自密实混凝土经工作性能检验合格后，进行CRTS Ⅲ型板式无砟轨道充填层灌注和揭板试验，最终根据自密实混凝土自身性能和灌注质量进行综合评价，下述各例的自密实混凝土制备方法均按以下步骤进行：
按照配比称取以下组分：水泥、粉煤灰、矿粉、膨胀剂、细骨料、5～16mm连续级配粗骨料、专用黏度改性材料、专用缓释可控型聚羧酸减水剂、水；将水泥、粉煤灰、矿粉、膨胀剂、细骨料、5～16mm连续级配粗骨料、专用黏度改性材料一次入锅，预搅拌20s；再加入专用缓释可控型聚羧酸减水剂和水，搅拌180-240s，即得到CRTS Ⅲ型板式无砟轨道充填层用自密实混凝土。
对比例1
细骨料是细度模数2.6的河砂，黏度改性材料是以纤维素为主要成分的增稠材料，未使用专用黏度改性材料，减水剂为专用缓释可控型聚羧酸减水剂，CRTS Ⅲ型板式无砟轨道充填层用自密实混凝土的配比如表1。
表1无砟轨道充填层用自密实混凝土的配比(单位kg/m3)
Figure PCTCN2016101905-appb-000002
采用对比例1配比拌制的无砟轨道填充层用自密实混凝土运抵现场，距加入拌合水120min时检测混凝土扩展度为610mm，T500为6.1s，含气量8.2％，混凝土黏度较大，填充层灌注施工耗时达20min，远远超过正常时间10min，且揭板后发现自密实混凝土填充层质量较差，自密实混凝土性能和揭板情况具体见 表2。
表2无砟轨道充填层自密实混凝土性能及灌注揭板情况
Figure PCTCN2016101905-appb-000003
对比例2
细骨料是细度模数2.6的河砂，黏度改性材料为专用黏度改性材料，减水剂为安徽中铁工程材料公司生产的RAWY101型聚羧酸减水剂，未使用专用缓释可控型聚羧酸减水剂，CRTS Ⅲ型板式无砟轨道充填层用自密实混凝土的配比如表3。
表3无砟轨道充填层用自密实混凝土的配比(单位kg/m3)
Figure PCTCN2016101905-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2016101905-appb-000005
采用对比例2配比拌制的无砟轨道填充层用自密实混凝土运抵现场，距加入拌合水70min时检测其扩展度为570mm，T500为11.4s，流动性损失极大，且浆体黏度大，较难进行灌注施工。自密实混凝土性能和灌注揭板情况具体见表4。
表4无砟轨道充填层自密实混凝土性能及灌注揭板情况
Figure PCTCN2016101905-appb-000006
实施例1
细骨料是细度模数2.6的河砂，黏度改性材料为专用黏度改性材料，减水剂为专用缓释可控型聚羧酸减水剂，CRTS Ⅲ型板式无砟轨道充填层用自密实混凝土的配比如表5。
表5无砟轨道充填层用自密实混凝土的配比(单位kg/m3)
Figure PCTCN2016101905-appb-000007
采用实施例1配比拌制的无砟轨道填充层用自密实混凝土运抵现场，距加入拌合水150min时，检测混凝土各项性能均满足灌注施工要求，充填层灌注施工耗时9min，灌板耗时正常，揭板试验表明自密实混凝土性能良好，充填层质量良好，自密实混凝土性能和灌注揭板情况具体见表6。
表6无砟轨道充填层自密实混凝土性能及灌注揭板情况
Figure PCTCN2016101905-appb-000008
实施例2
细骨料是细度模数2.5的人工机制砂，黏度改性材料为专用黏度改性材料，减水剂为专用缓释可控型聚羧酸减水剂，CRTS Ⅲ型板式无砟轨道充填层用自密实混凝土的配比如表7。
表7无砟轨道充填层用自密实混凝土的配比(单位kg/m3)
Figure PCTCN2016101905-appb-000009
采用实施例2配比拌制的无砟轨道填充层用自密实混凝土运抵现场，距加入拌合水150min时，检测混凝土各项性能均满足灌注施工要求，充填层灌注施工耗时9.5min，灌板耗时正常，揭板试验表明自密实混凝土性能良好，充填层质量良好，自密实混凝土性能和灌注揭板情况具体见表8。
表8无砟轨道充填层自密实混凝土性能及灌注揭板情况
Figure PCTCN2016101905-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2016101905-appb-000011
实施例3
细骨料是细度模数2.4的改性海砂，黏度改性材料为专用黏度改性材料，减水剂为专用缓释可控型聚羧酸减水剂，CRTS Ⅲ型板式无砟轨道充填层用自密实混凝土的配比如表9。
表9无砟轨道充填层用自密实混凝土的配比(单位kg/m3)
Figure PCTCN2016101905-appb-000012
采用实施例3配比拌制的无砟轨道填充层用自密实混凝土运抵现场，距加入拌合水150min时，检测混凝土各项性能均满足灌注施工要求，充填层灌注施工耗时8.5min，灌板耗时正常，揭板试验表明自密实混凝土性能良好，充填层质量良好，自密实混凝土性能和灌注揭板情况具体见表10。
表10无砟轨道充填层自密实混凝土性能及灌注揭板情况
Figure PCTCN2016101905-appb-000013
Figure PCTCN2016101905-appb-000014
实施例4
细骨料是细度模数2.6的河砂，黏度改性材料为专用黏度改性材料，减水剂为专用缓释可控型聚羧酸减水剂，CRTSⅢ型板式无砟轨道充填层用自密实混凝土的配比如表11。
表11无砟轨道充填层用自密实混凝土的配比(单位kg/m3)
Figure PCTCN2016101905-appb-000015
采用实施例4配比拌制的无砟轨道填充层用自密实混凝土运抵现场，距加入拌合水150min时，检测混凝土各项性能均满足灌注施工要求，充填层灌注施工耗时10min，灌板耗时正常，揭板试验表明自密实混凝土性能良好，充填层质量良好，自密实混凝土性能和灌注揭板情况具体见表12。
表12无砟轨道充填层自密实混凝土性能及灌注揭板情况
Figure PCTCN2016101905-appb-000016
Figure PCTCN2016101905-appb-000017
对比例1和对比例2分别为单独使用专用缓释可控型聚羧酸减水剂和专用黏度改性材料配制自密实混凝土的实例，结果表明两种材料单独使用配制出的自密实混凝土性能均无法满足充填层灌注施工的需要，无法灌注施工，或是充填层灌注质量较差。实施例1-4分别为使用河砂、人工机制砂和改性海砂作为细骨料，且同时联合运用专用黏度改性材料和专用缓释可控型聚羧酸减水剂两种自密实混凝土专用原材料，按本发明所述制备方法制备出的自密实混凝土用于灌注揭板试验，因混凝土流动性好、浆体体积稳定性强、触变小和流动性保持时间长，混凝土性能优异，满足充填层灌注施工要求，灌注施工质量好。
以上内容仅仅是对本发明所作的举例和说明，所属本技术领域的技术人员对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代，只要不偏离发明或者超越本权利要求书所定义的范围，均应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种CRTS Ⅲ型板式无砟轨道充填层用自密实混凝土，其特征在于，由下述重量配比的原材料配制而成：
    Figure PCTCN2016101905-appb-100001
  2. 根据权利要求1所述CRTS Ⅲ型板式无砟轨道充填层用自密实混凝土，其特征在于，所述水泥为硅酸盐水泥，硅酸盐水泥熟料及石膏含量不低于80％，比表面为300～350m2/kg，碱含量不超过0.60％，28天抗压强度不低于42.5MPa。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述CRTS Ⅲ型板式无砟轨道充填层用自密实混凝土，其特征在于，所述膨胀剂为硫铝酸钙类膨胀剂、氧化钙类膨胀剂、硫铝酸钙—氧化钙类膨胀剂中的至少一种。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述CRTS Ⅲ型板式无砟轨道充填层用自密实混凝土，其特征在于，所述细骨料为河砂、人工机制砂、改性海砂、再生细骨料中的至少一种。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述CRTS Ⅲ型板式无砟轨道充填层用自密实混凝土，其特征在于，所述粗骨料为碎石、碎卵石、卵石中的至少一种，颗粒粒径不大于20mm， 连续级配。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述CRTS Ⅲ型板式无砟轨道充填层用自密实混凝土，其特征在于，所述专用黏度改性材料由气相二氧化硅、碳酸钙、低黏型羟乙基纤维素醚、高黏型羟乙基纤维素醚、触变改性剂和水溶性聚合物胶粉均匀混合而成。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述CRTS Ⅲ型板式无砟轨道充填层用自密实混凝土，其特征在于，所述专用缓释可控型聚羧酸减水剂由高减水型聚羧酸减水剂母液、1型缓释型聚羧酸减水剂母液、2型缓释型聚羧酸减水剂母液、3型缓释型聚羧酸减水剂母液、缓释控制剂、缓凝剂、液相混凝土触变剂、稳泡剂、消泡剂和引气剂复配而成。
  8. 一种制备权利要求1-7任一项所述CRTS Ⅲ型板式无砟轨道充填层用自密实混凝土的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：按照配比称取以下原材料：水泥、粉煤灰、矿粉、膨胀剂、细骨料、连续级配粗骨料、专用黏度改性材料、专用缓释可控型聚羧酸减水剂、水；将水泥、粉煤灰、矿粉、膨胀剂、细骨料、连续级配粗骨料、专用黏度改性材料一次入锅，预搅拌20s；再加入专用缓释可控型聚羧酸减水剂和水，搅拌180-240s，即得到CRTS Ⅲ型板式无砟轨道充填层用自密实混凝土。
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