WO2017063306A1 - 一种进出料装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种进出料装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017063306A1
WO2017063306A1 PCT/CN2016/000562 CN2016000562W WO2017063306A1 WO 2017063306 A1 WO2017063306 A1 WO 2017063306A1 CN 2016000562 W CN2016000562 W CN 2016000562W WO 2017063306 A1 WO2017063306 A1 WO 2017063306A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
space
upstream
gas
opening
downstream
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PCT/CN2016/000562
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
向晶
Original Assignee
向旻
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Publication date
Application filed by 向旻 filed Critical 向旻
Priority to US15/768,555 priority Critical patent/US20180291321A1/en
Priority to DE112016004685.5T priority patent/DE112016004685T5/de
Publication of WO2017063306A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017063306A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M1/00—Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
    • C12M1/107—Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology with means for collecting fermentation gases, e.g. methane
    • C12M1/113—Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology with means for collecting fermentation gases, e.g. methane with transport of the substrate during the fermentation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/02—Form or structure of the vessel
    • C12M23/06—Tubular
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/36—Means for collection or storage of gas; Gas holders
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/38—Caps; Covers; Plugs; Pouring means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/40—Manifolds; Distribution pieces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M37/00—Means for sterilizing, maintaining sterile conditions or avoiding chemical or biological contamination
    • C12M37/04—Seals

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an inlet and outlet device and method, and more particularly to an inlet and outlet device for conveying a solid material or a solid object from one space to another, and a method for performing the feeding and discharging operation using the inlet and outlet device.
  • the anaerobic reactor disclosed in WO0206439 uses a sealing door to close the inlet and outlet openings during operation, and the sealing door must be opened during the feeding and discharging operation, thereby causing the anaerobic reaction to be interrupted, so that the reactor can only be operated in a batch process.
  • the anaerobic reactor disclosed in EP 1767500 uses a flexible membrane to close one side and the top of the reactor, and the flexible membrane must be uncovered during the feeding and discharging operations, resulting in interruption of the anaerobic reaction, so that the reactor can only be operated in a batch process.
  • the piston type inlet and outlet device disclosed in EP1170357 and the screw conveyor inlet and outlet device disclosed in CN202626179(U) support the reactor to operate in a continuous manner, but the friction, corrosion and seizure of the materials to the parts easily lead to failure of the inlet and outlet devices. .
  • DE 10 2006 047 828 discloses a feeding device for a digester having a chamber with an inner door and an outer door through which material is conveyed in bulk to the interior of the digester. And the internal and external parts of the digester are kept disconnected, so the digester can be operated continuously.
  • the material entering the chamber must be filled with the chamber that is subsequently closed, which will make the sealing contact surface of the inner and outer doors and the inner wall of the chamber contact with the material or even the material.
  • the extrusion causes the mechanical structure to be damaged and the sealing function to be invalid.
  • the extruded material is compacted, which tends to produce an ever-increasing material bonding block in the lock chamber, which seriously affects or even breaks.
  • the normal function of the bad inlet and outlet device in addition, the inner door is subjected to the gravity of the material pile, which not only impairs the sealing ability of the device, but also means that the feed amount of one batch cannot be large.
  • the airtight transport between the upper and lower spaces means that the mass of the gas flowing to the other space in at least one space during transport is limited to a predetermined limit value.
  • gas mass values below the air tightness limit value use “negligible”.
  • an inlet and outlet device for conveying an upstream object from an upstream space to a downstream space spaced apart therefrom, comprising at least one opening, wherein an opening through which the upstream object is output from the upstream space is configured as an upper
  • the opening, the opening through which the upstream object is input into the downstream space is configured as a lower opening, after sequentially completing the operation of opening the upper opening, passing the upstream object in the upstream space through the upper opening and outputting from the upstream space, and then closing the upper opening
  • a load-bearing transition space that accommodates an upstream object and has no gas free communication relationship with both the upstream space and the downstream space, and sequentially opens the lower opening, passes the upstream object through the lower opening, and inputs it into the downstream space, and then closes
  • a no-load transition space is formed which does not accommodate the upstream object and has no gas free communication relationship with the upstream space and the downstream space, and is characterized in that the mass and volume of the gas
  • step a adjusting the mass and volume of the gas in the bearing transition space
  • step b During the execution of operation step b, the mass and volume of the gas in the no-load transition space are adjusted.
  • the opening K is defined to be closed by the sealing door M; when the opening K is not closed, the spaces S1 and S2 are opened through the opening
  • the opening K is defined to be opened, or the opening K is opened to the spaces S1, S2. Regardless of whether the opening K is closed or opened, the spaces S1 and S2 are respectively referred to as spaces on the side of the opening K.
  • Relative movement only related to the opening K refers to a relative movement between the object T and the opening K having the following characteristics: regardless of the on/off state of the passage connecting the spaces S1 and S2 except the opening K, Relative movement can be achieved.
  • the opening is a channel that can communicate with both sides of the gas, and can also transport solid objects or materials.
  • the gas line described below is a passage that can only communicate gas to the space connected to both sides and cannot transport solid objects or materials.
  • the gas free communication relationship between the two spaces means that the two spaces are at least one space opening on both sides of the opening and/or at least one gas free line connecting the two spaces to each other.
  • the gas free pipeline refers to a gas pipeline that communicates with the space connected to both sides at any time.
  • the mass and volume error of each batch of material being transported that is, the upstream object is far greater than the limit of air tightness requirement. Therefore, from the perspective of air tightness requirements, the mass and volume of the upstream object It is uncertain, and the above-mentioned features of the inlet and outlet device and method of the present invention mean that, even within the range that can be accommodated in the load-transition space, even if the mass and volume of the object entering the upstream and downstream of the inlet and outlet device are uncertain, the bearing is in the transition space.
  • the mass and volume of the gas can be controlled to change and eventually reach the desired value.
  • the expected value and its precision are different, for example, the expected value is an incremental value of the gas mass and volume change in some operation steps.
  • the expected value is an incremental value of the gas mass and volume change in some operation steps.
  • the absolute value of the gas mass and volume is the absolute value of the gas mass and volume.
  • a bearing receptacle in the load-bearing transition space that supports and houses the upstream object, and the support receptacle does not transmit the weight of the upstream object it receives to any sealed door.
  • the support accommodating device not only separates the upstream object from other components inside and outside the discharge device, but also prevents the gravity of the upstream object from being transmitted to the components such as the sealing door and the sealing member that cannot withstand large external forces. Therefore, the feeding and discharging device and method of the present invention have wide applicability to upstream objects, for example, the upstream object may be livestock manure, crop straw, domestic garbage, kitchen waste, various sludges and mixtures thereof, and the like, and may also be tools. , instruments or equipment, etc.
  • the feeding and discharging device and method of the present invention can be applied to various scales, for example, an anaerobic reactor and an aerobic reactor which can be applied to a large-scale biogas project, and can also be applied to a small-scale anaerobic reaction on a laboratory scale. Device.
  • the mass of the gas in the carrying transition space can be adjusted To a negligible value. This embodiment ensures that the gas mass entering the downstream space of the upstream space is less than the limit value specified by the airtightness requirement.
  • the mass and volume of the gas in the no-load transition space can be adjusted, and wherein the mass of the gas can be adjusted to a negligible value.
  • This embodiment ensures that the gas mass entering the upstream space of the downstream space is less than the limit value specified by the airtightness requirement.
  • Adjustment of the mass and volume of the gas in the transition space including the carrying transition space and the no-load transition space, including adjustments to the initial mass and initial volume of the gas in the transition space to be formed, and/or to the formed The current value of the gas in the transition space and the adjustment of the current value of the volume.
  • the initial value of the mass and the initial value of the volume refer to the initial values of the gas mass and the gas volume at the beginning of the formation of the transition space, respectively.
  • the current value of the mass and the current value of the volume refer to the gas mass value and the gas volume value in the transition space respectively when the adjustment is in progress.
  • the two adjustment operations for the mass of the gas in the transition space and the volume of the gas may be performed simultaneously or separately at different times.
  • the quenching and tempering operation refers to the operation of changing or monitoring certain characteristics of the upstream object, such as temperature adjustment of the upstream object, addition of additional substances to the upstream object to change the composition, stirring of the upstream object, sampling of the upstream object, etc. operating.
  • FIG. 1 to 11 are sectional views of the feeding and discharging device 1 of the first embodiment of the present invention, and sequentially show a process in which the feeding and discharging device 1 performs a feeding operation.
  • Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view of the loading and unloading device 101 of the second embodiment of the present invention; wherein, Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB of Figure 14; Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along line CC of Figure 12; 12, FIG. 15 to FIG. 24 are cross-sectional views taken along line AA of FIG. 14, and sequentially show a process in which the feeding and discharging device 101 performs a discharging operation.
  • 25 to 31 are cross-sectional views of the feeding and discharging device 201 of the third embodiment of the present invention, and show a process in which the feeding and discharging device 201 performs a feeding operation.
  • the direction indicated by the solid arrows other than the arrows of the section indicating lines AA, BB, CC in the figure indicates the gas lines or gaps in the parts of the current operation indicated by the drawings.
  • the flow direction of the gas; the reference numeral carried by the solid arrow indicates a space for gas communication with the gas line or gap marked by the solid arrow.
  • the gas control unit employed in the following embodiments is a system of the prior art which can deliver gas bidirectionally in its gas line and can accurately meter and control the quality of the delivered gas;
  • the gas When the gas is not delivered, it acts as a valve, that is, when the system is turned on, the gas line in which it is placed is in a connected state, and when the system is turned off, the gas line in which it is placed is not connected.
  • the moving direction of the upstream object is moving from the upstream to the downstream.
  • the first embodiment of the present invention is a feeding device 1 for an anaerobic reactor vessel 2
  • the upstream space 6 is the outer space of the vessel 2, wherein the gas is air
  • the downstream space 7 is The internal space of the container 2, in which the gas is biogas.
  • the feeding and discharging device 1 includes a substantially cylindrical-shaped orifice 37 having upper and lower sealing doors 5, a lower opening 4' and a lower sealing door 5' on the upper and lower sides of the opening 37, respectively.
  • the upper filling space 17 formed by the disk 31 and the film 16 connected to its side is connected to a CO 2 gas space 34 via a gas line 27 to which the air flow control unit 23 is mounted.
  • the upper and lower sealing doors 5, 5' are respectively driven by the driving devices 21, 22, and can be respectively rotated or Stop at a certain position during the exercise.
  • the support accommodating device 13 fixedly connected to the side wall of the tunnel 37 can support and accommodate the upstream object 3, which transfers the gravity of the upstream object 3 to the container 2 without being transmitted to the upper and lower sealing doors 5, 5'.
  • a door 14 consisting of a set of baffles that can be flipped simultaneously is placed at the bottom of the support receiving device 13, and when all the baffles are in a horizontal position, the door 14 is closed and can carry the upstream object 3; when all the baffles are at In the vertical position, the door 14 is opened and the upstream object 3 can be fed into the downstream space 7 from the material door 14 by gravity.
  • a heating device and a stirring device which are not shown in the drawing are disposed on the support accommodating device 13.
  • the support accommodating device 13 divides the tunnel 37 into two parts, one part being the upper side area upstream thereof and the other part being the lower side area downstream thereof;
  • the piping system 36 is a set of gas free lines that communicate both the upper and lower side regions and each other.
  • the piping system 36 is connected to the upstream space 6 and the downstream space 7 via gas lines 29, 30, respectively.
  • Valves 25, 26 and flow meters not shown are also mounted in the gas lines 29, 30, respectively.
  • transition space is formed which has no gas free communication relationship with the upper and lower spaces 6, 7 when the upstream object 3 is in the In the transition space, the transition space is the carrying transition space 8, otherwise the transition space is the no-load transition space 9.
  • the state shown in Fig. 1 is that the lower opening 4' is closed, the upper opening 4 is opened, and the upper sealing door 5 is in the vertical position, and the air flow control units 23, 24 and the valves 25, 26 are both closed, in the upstream space 6.
  • the upstream object 3 waits for entry into and out of the discharge device 1.
  • only a portion of the vertical upper sealing door 5 is shown in FIG.
  • the upstream object 3 is passed through the upper opening 4 and outputted from the upstream space 6 to reach the material door 14; then the upper sealing door 5 is turned to the horizontal position, but at this time the sealing ring 15 is kept in a contracted state, There is a gap 33 between the sealing door 5 and the upper opening 4.
  • the airflow control unit 24 inflates the lower filling space 20 to gradually expand, so that the gas in the lower side region, that is, the air, is discharged into the upstream space 6 through the gap 33.
  • the expansion process of the lower filling space 20 can be considered as an isobaric expansion process.
  • the lower filling space 20 is expanded to fill the lower side region, after which it is continuously inflated by the airflow control unit 24 so that the pressure of the gas therein is slightly larger than the pressure of the gas in the upstream space 6, so that For subsequent operations.
  • the timing is easily judged and recognized.
  • the following filling spaces are filled with the starting time point of the state of the space in which they are located, and are also easy to judge and recognize.
  • Appropriate measures such as making the film 19 sufficiently soft and thin, setting the passage opening of the piping system 36 in the tunnel 37 sufficiently, etc., ensure that the film 19 fits snugly against the surface it encounters, so that In the formed load-transition space 8, the initial mass value and the initial volume value of the gas in the lower region are negligible. All of the following are premised on the fact that the film can be closely attached to the surface it encounters, and the specific measures taken for this purpose are not described again.
  • the airflow control unit 24 is closed; the seal ring 15 is inflated to fully expand and close the upper opening 4, thereby forming a load-bearing transition space 8 between the upper and lower seal doors 5, 5'.
  • the valve 25 is opened, and then the current value of the mass of the gas in the carrying transition space 8 and the current value of the volume are adjusted: the upper filling space 17 is inflated by the airflow control unit 23 to gradually expand, thus carrying the transition space 8 in the upper region
  • the gas i.e., air, is discharged into the upstream space 6 through the gas line 29.
  • the upper filling space 17 is expanded to fill the upper side region, and thus, the mass of the gas in the carrying transition space 8 is adjusted to a negligible value.
  • the valve 26 is opened, and then the current value of the gas in the load-transition space 8 and the current value of the volume are adjusted again: the airflow control units 23, 24 respectively evacuate the filling spaces 17, 20 to make them appropriate The amount of shrinkage is respectively increased, so that the gas in the downstream space 7, that is, the biogas, enters the load-bearing transition space 8 through the gas line 30.
  • the upstream object 3 is subjected to a quenching and tempering operation, for example, stirring the upstream object 3 or adjusting its temperature.
  • the air flow control units 23, 24 are closed, at which time the pressure of the gas in the space on both sides of the lower seal door 5' is equal.
  • the lower opening 4' is then opened and the lower sealing door 5' is placed in a vertical position.
  • the material door 14 is opened, and the upstream object 3 is passed through the lower opening 4' and input into the downstream space 7.
  • the vertical lower sealing door 5' is shown in Figs. 7 and 8.
  • the current value of the mass of the gas in the idling transition space 9 and the current value of the volume are adjusted: the filling spaces 17, 20 are respectively inflated by the airflow control units 23, 24 to gradually expand, respectively, so that the vacant transition space 9
  • the gas, that is, the biogas, is discharged into the downstream space 7 through the gas line 30.
  • the filling spaces 17, 20 are expanded to fill the upper and lower side regions, respectively, and the mass of the gas, i.e., the biogas, in the no-load transition space 9 is adjusted to a negligible value.
  • the airflow control units 23, 24 are closed, the valve 26 is closed, and then the pressure of the gas in the idling transition space 9 is adjusted: the filling space 17, 20 is appropriately inflated or pumped by the airflow control units 23, 24, thereby The pressure of the gas is adjusted to be equal to the pressure of the gas in the upstream space 6, respectively.
  • the airflow control units 23, 24 are then turned off.
  • the valve 25 is opened, and then the current value of the mass of the gas in the idling transition space 9 and the current value of the volume are adjusted again: the airflow control units 23, 24 respectively draw a proper amount of the filling space 17, 20 They contract in an appropriate amount, so that the gas in the upstream space 6, that is, the air, enters the idling transition space 9 through the gas line 29.
  • the air flow control units 23, 24 are then closed, respectively, at which point the pressure of the gas in the space on both sides of the upper sealing door 5 is equal.
  • next upstream object 3' in the upstream space 6 waits for entry into the discharge device 1. Obviously, in order to transport the next upstream object 3', there will be an operational step as shown in Fig. 1, and the upper opening 4 will be opened again.
  • the second embodiment of the present invention shown in Figs. 12 to 24 is an inlet and outlet device 101 of an anaerobic reactor vessel 102.
  • the feeding and discharging device 101 is used for discharging in the horizontal direction, and therefore, the gas in the upstream space 106 on the left side in FIGS. 12, 15 to 24 is biogas, and is in the downstream space on the right side.
  • the gas in 107 is air.
  • the upstream object 103 is loaded in a self-propelled transport vehicle with a stirring device 114 and a temperature regulating device not shown, which constitutes a support accommodating device 113 which will carry the upstream object 103 Gravity is transmitted to the ground without being passed to the sealed door (105, 105').
  • an upper opening 104 and a lower opening 104' are formed on the side of the hole near the upstream space 106 and on the side close to the downstream space 107, respectively, and can be respectively closed or opened.
  • the upper and lower sealing doors 105, 105' of the lower opening 104, 104' are controlled by a driving device not shown in the figure, and can be rotated or stopped in a certain range around the horizontal rotating shafts 136, 137 mounted on the top of the rectangular hole. At a certain point in the process.
  • the retractable soft films 138, 139 respectively close the side gaps between the upper and lower sealing doors 105, 105'.
  • the side partitions 140, 141 respectively close the gap between the two sides of the sealing door and the side of the rectangular hole.
  • the upper and lower sealing door housings 116, 119 and the films 115, 118 respectively connected thereto form upper and lower filling spaces 117, 120, respectively.
  • the gas lines 125 and 126 to which the air flow control units 121 and 122 are respectively mounted respectively connect the upper and lower filling spaces 117 and 120 to the CO 2 gas spaces 142 and 143.
  • the support accommodating device 113 is supported by the movable supporting plates 133, 134 in the horizontal position when crossing the liquid tank of the liquid tank ring 132, and the upper and lower sealing doors 105 when the movable supporting plates 133, 134 are in the vertical position,
  • the bottom U-shaped edges of 105' may extend below the level of the liquid level of the tank ring 132, respectively.
  • transition space is formed which has no gas free communication relationship with the upper and lower spaces 106, 107, when the upstream object 103 is in the transition.
  • the transition space is the load transition space 108, otherwise the transition space is the no-load transition space 109.
  • the upper opening 104 is opened, the lower opening 104' is closed, and the air flow control units 121, 122 and the valves 123, 124 are closed.
  • the support receiving device 113 passes through the upper opening 104 and is output from the upstream space 106, and is stopped in the recess 135 surrounded by the liquid groove ring 132, wherein the groove 135 is in fluid communication with the liquid groove ring 132. .
  • the movable support plate 133 is rotated to the vertical position, and then the upper opening 104 is closed by the upper sealing door 105, thereby forming a load-bearing transition space 108 between the upper and lower sealing doors 105, 105'.
  • the airflow control units 121, 122 respectively inflate the upward and downward filling spaces 117, 120 to gradually expand respectively;
  • the liquid is injected into the groove 135 to cause the liquid to gradually rise in the liquid level; thus, the gas in the load-transporting space 108, that is, the biogas, is discharged into the upstream space 106 through the gas line 127.
  • the upper and lower filling spaces 117, 120 are expanded to respectively fill the space where they are located, and the liquid level in the groove 135 rises to the irregular space of the lower portion of the supporting and accommodating device 113, and is completely submerged.
  • the quality of the gas, ie biogas, in 108 was adjusted to a negligible value.
  • the valve 123 is closed, the airflow control units 121, 122 are turned off, and then the pressure of the gas in the carrying transition space 108 is adjusted: the filling spaces 117, 120 are appropriately inflated or pumped by the airflow control units 121, 122, respectively, thereby The pressure is adjusted to be equal to the pressure of the gas in the downstream space 107, respectively.
  • the valve 124 is opened, and then the current value of the gas in the load-transition space 108 and the current value of the volume are adjusted again: the airflow control units 121, 122 respectively pump the upper and lower filling spaces 117, 120
  • the gas is caused to shrink by an appropriate amount; the liquid level in the liquid tank ring 132, that is, the liquid level in the groove 135 is lowered; therefore, the gas in the downstream space 107, that is, the air, enters through the gas line 128. Carrying in the transition space 108.
  • the upstream object 103 in the support accommodating device 113 is separately stirred and temperature-regulated by the stirring device 114 and the temperature adjusting device.
  • the lower opening 104' is opened by the lower sealing door 105', and then the movable supporting plate 134 is rotated to the horizontal position while the liquid level in the tank ring 132 is lowered until there is no liquid in the groove 135.
  • the support accommodating device 113 is passed through the lower opening 104' and input into the downstream space 107, and then the upstream object 103 is unloaded into the downstream space 107, and the downstream object 130 is loaded onto the support accommodating device 113.
  • the support accommodating device 113 is passed through the lower opening 104' and outputted from the downstream space, stopped in the recess 135, and then the movable supporting plate 134 is turned to the vertical position; and then closed by the lower sealing door 105'.
  • the opening 104' forms an empty transition space 109 between the upper and lower sealing doors 105, 105'.
  • the current value of the mass of the gas in the idling transition space 109 and the current value of the volume are adjusted: the upper and lower filling spaces 117, 120 are respectively inflated by the airflow control units 121, 122 to gradually expand respectively; toward the tank ring 132
  • the liquid is injected so that the liquid enters the groove 135 and gradually raises its liquid level; liquid is injected into the support accommodating device 113 from the liquid line not shown in the drawing; therefore, the gas in the vacant transition space 109 is air. It is discharged through gas line 128 into downstream space 107.
  • the upper and lower filling spaces 117, 120 are expanded to respectively fill the space in which they are located; the irregularities in the recess 135 rise to the lower portion of the support accommodating device 113 are completely submerged; the support accommodating device 113 All the voids in which the liquid level rises are completely submerged; at this point, the mass of the gas, i.e., air, in the no-load transition space 109 is adjusted to a negligible value.
  • the gas i.e., air
  • the valve 124 is closed, the airflow control units 121, 122 are turned off, and then the pressure of the gas in the idling transition space 109 is adjusted: the filling spaces 117, 120 are appropriately inflated or pumped by the airflow control units 121, 122, thereby The pressure of the gas is adjusted to the gas in the upstream space 106, respectively. The pressure is equal.
  • the valve 123 is opened, and then the current value of the mass of the gas in the no-load transition space 109 and the current value of the volume are adjusted again: the airflow control units 121, 122 respectively respectively apply the upper and lower filling spaces 117, 120.
  • the air is pumped to shrink in an appropriate amount; the liquid level in the liquid tank ring 132, that is, the liquid level in the groove 135 is lowered; the liquid level in the support container 113 is lowered; thus, the gas in the upstream space 106, that is, the biogas
  • the gas line 127 enters the no-load transition space 109.
  • the upper opening 104 is opened by the upper sealing door 105, and then the movable supporting plate 133 is rotated to the horizontal position; while the liquid level in the liquid groove ring 132 is lowered until there is no liquid in the groove 135; The liquid level in the accommodating device 113 is lowered to the point where there is no liquid.
  • the support receiving device 113 is passed through the upper opening 104 and into the upstream space 106, and then the downstream object 130 is unloaded into the upstream space 106, and the next upstream object 103' is loaded onto the support receiving device 113 for the next batch. The delivery is ready.
  • the third embodiment of the present invention shown in Figs. 25 to 31 is a feeding and discharging device 201 of a sealed organic waste container 202.
  • the feed and discharge device 201 is used to feed the container 202, so that the gas in the upstream space 206 is air and the gas in the downstream space 207 is biogas.
  • the feeding and discharging device 201 includes two sealing doors which are integrally formed with the container 202 and whose inner walls are concentric arc surfaces, and are disposed opposite to each other, and are respectively referred to as a left sealing door and a right sealing door; A substantially cylindrical space is formed between the left and right sealing doors, and an upper tunnel 221 and a lower tunnel 222 are respectively connected to the upper and lower spaces 206 and 207.
  • the rotating member formed by the rotating shaft 220 and the eight partitions 219 mounted thereon constitutes a supporting accommodating device 213 for supporting and accommodating the upstream object 203, and the supporting accommodating device 213 transmits the gravity of the upstream object 203 to the frame without being transmitted.
  • a dynamic sealing fit is formed between the top end of the partition 219 and the inner wall of the sealing door.
  • a region between the partitions is formed, and the top ends of the two adjacent partitions constitute an opening when the opening is closed by a certain sealing door, for example, in one of B, C, G, H in Fig. 25.
  • a transition space is formed between the two partitions that has no gas free communication relationship with the upstream space 206 and the downstream space 207; when there is an upstream object 203 in the transition space, for example, B and C in the figure In the position, the transition space is the load-bearing transition space 208; when there is no upstream object 203 in the transition space, for example, in the G, H position in the figure, the transition space is the no-load transition space 209.
  • each of the partition regions Two partitions constituting each of the partition regions, one of which has a small film 215 fixed to its edge, and the other of which has a large film 217 fixed to its edge, in which the two partitions 219, 219 is formed with a small filling space 216 and a large filling space 218 respectively between the films 215 and 217 respectively provided; each of the filling spaces each has a gas pipe having a gas flow control unit and connected to the upstream space 206. road.
  • the inter-spacer region of the position C and the position G is connected to the downstream space 207, respectively.
  • the display shown in FIG. 25 can be regarded as the operational state of the inter-baffle region at a certain time, and can also be regarded as a certain A collection of operational states of an inter-separator region at eight locations, respectively.
  • the opening between the partitions at this time is the upper opening 204 through which the upstream object 203 is outputted from the upstream space 206, and the left sealing door previously opening the upper opening 204 is Upper sealing door 205; at the same time, the large and small films 217, 215 are each closely attached to the partition fixedly connected thereto, and the large and small filling spaces 218, 216 are not connected with the upstream space 206, the air flow control list
  • the elements 223, 225, 227, 229 are all closed; in this case, the upstream object 203 is passed through the upper channel 221 and the upper opening 204 and output from the upstream space 206.
  • the inter-partition region is rotated to position B, at which time the right sealing door closes the upper opening 204, thereby forming a load-bearing transition space 208, at which time the right sealing door becomes the upper sealing door 205.
  • the upstream object 203 in the carrying transition space 208 is subjected to a quenching process, for example, to adjust its temperature.
  • Airflow control unit 223 evacuates the load-bearing transition space 208, causing the small fill space 216 to gradually expand, thereby venting the gas, ie, air, in the load-transition space 208, through the gas line 224, into the upstream space 206.
  • the inter-spacer region is still at position C, and after the small fill space 216 is expanded to fill the space in which it is located, the mass of the gas, that is, the air in the load-transition space 208, is adjusted to a negligible value, and then turned off.
  • the airflow control unit 223 adjusts the pressure of the gas in the load-transition space 208 by properly inflating or pumping the small fill space 216 to adjust the pressure of the gas therein to be equal to the pressure of the gas in the downstream space 207.
  • the inter-spacer region is still at position C, the airflow control unit 225 is turned on, the load-transition space 208 is in gas communication with the downstream space 207, and then the current value and volume of the gas in the load-transition space 208 is present.
  • the value is adjusted: the small fill space 216 is evacuated to gradually contract, thereby allowing the gas in the downstream space 207, i.e., the biogas, to enter the load-transition space 208 via the gas line 226.
  • the inter-spacer region is still at position C, and the small fill space 216 is contracted so that the small film 215 is in close contact with the spacer 219 holding it, and then the small fill space 216 and the upstream space 206 are made. Not connected; the closed airflow control unit 225 disconnects the load-bearing transition space 208 from the downstream space 207.
  • the inter-spacer region is rotated to the position D, at which time the opening between the partitions is the lower opening 204' through which the upstream object 203 is fed into the downstream space 207, and the lower opening 204' is opened.
  • the right sealing door becomes the lower sealing door 205'; in this state, the upstream object 203 starts to pass through the lower opening 204' and is input into the downstream space 207.
  • the inter-spacer region is rotated to the position E, at which time the upstream object 203 is completely input into the downstream space 207.
  • the inter-spacer region is rotated to position F, and the left sealing door begins to close the lower opening 204'.
  • the inter-spacer region is rotated to the position G, at which time the left sealing door completely closes the lower opening 204', thereby forming an empty load transition space 209, at which time the left sealing door becomes the lower sealing door 205. '.
  • the large fill space 218 is then communicated with the upstream space 206, and then the current mass value and volume current value of the gas in the no-load transition space 209 are adjusted: the airflow control unit 227 evacuates the no-load transition space 209, resulting in a large fill space 218
  • the gas gradually expands, so that the gas in the idling transition space 209, that is, the biogas, is discharged into the downstream space 207 through the gas line 228.
  • the inter-spacer region is still at the position G, and after the large-filled space 218 is expanded to fill the space in which it is located, the mass of the gas, that is, the biogas, is adjusted to a negligible value.
  • the airflow control unit 227 is closed to adjust the pressure of the gas in the no-load transition space 209: the large fill space 218 is appropriately inflated or pumped to adjust the pressure of the gas therein to be equal to the pressure of the gas in the upstream space 206.
  • the inter-spacer region is still at position G, the airflow control unit 229 is turned on, the idling transition space 209 is in gas communication with the upstream space 206, and then the current value of the gas in the idling transition space 209 is The current value of the volume is adjusted: the large filling space 218 is evacuated to gradually The contraction thus causes the gas in the upstream space 206, i.e., the air, to enter the no-load transition space 209 via the gas line 230.
  • the inter-spacer region is still at position G, and the large filling space 218 is contracted so that the large film 217 is in close contact with the spacer 219 holding it, and then the large filling space 218 is not connected to the upstream space 206.
  • the closed airflow control unit 229 disconnects the no-load transition space 209 from the upstream space 206.
  • the inter-spacer region is rotated to the position H, at which time the gas in the idling transition space 209 is air.
  • the inter-spacer region is rotated to position A, and the opening between the spacers is again opened by the left sealing door to the upstream space 206 in the form of the upper opening 204, ready to accept the next upstream object 203'.
  • the mass and volume of the gas in the transition space are adjusted to the desired values required to meet the various steps of the hermetic ingress and egress process.
  • the quality and volume of the gas in the transition space can be adjusted to other expected values according to the requirements of the process.
  • the method and the steps for realizing such adjustment are, for example, in the first embodiment, in FIG.
  • the gas flow data flowing into the transition space measured by the flow meter accurately controls the mass and volume of the biogas entering the transition space 8 from the downstream space 7 through the gas line 30, and finally the quality of the biogas in the transition space 8 is carried. And the volume reaches the expected value.
  • other embodiments of the present invention can meet the adjustment requirements to achieve any desired value.
  • the cross sections of the upper and lower openings 4, 4' may be designed in a rectangular or other geometric shape.
  • the sealing of the upper and lower sealing doors 5, 5' to the upper and lower openings 4, 4' may also take other forms, such as pressure static with a rubber profile as a seal.
  • the form of the seal in the form of a liquid seal with the sink as the sealing member.
  • the sealing doors 105, 105' may also seal the openings 104, 104' by means of a pressure static seal.
  • the method of judging that the filling space is filled with the space in which it is located may also adopt other solutions of the prior art, for example, a method of detecting a specific point on the outer wall of the filling space to reach a specific spatial position may be employed.
  • a variety of other structures of the prior art that can change the volume in a gastight manner can be used as the structure for adjusting the mass and volume of gas in the transition space in the present invention.
  • only one filling space may be employed in Embodiment 3; more than two filling spaces may be employed in Embodiment 2; the filling medium in the filling space may use a liquid such as N2, for example, water.
  • the structure constituting the filling space may also be a structure of a rigid sleeve which is airtightly telescopically folded, such as a cylinder-piston structure, a retractable hydraulic cylinder-multistage piston structure, and a structure such as a wet gas storage cabinet. Wait.
  • the embodiment may be, for example, in the first embodiment, changing the upper sealing door 5 to a single-layer flexible film without arranging the door main body, and using the water tank as a sealing member of the sealing door, while The valves 25, 26 are replaced by air flow control units, respectively.

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Abstract

一种进出料装置(1)以及一种利用所述进出料装置(1)进行进出料作业的方法，用于将上游物体(3)气密地从上游空间(6)输送到下游空间(7)，在顺次完成打开上开口(4)、使上游物体(3)通过上开口(4)并从上游空间(6)输出、随后关闭上开口(4)的操作之后，形成一个容纳有上游物体(3)的承载过渡空间(8)，在顺次完成打开下开口(4')、使上游物体(3)通过下开口(4')并输入到下游空间(7)中、随后关闭下开口(4')的操作之后，形成一个没有容纳上游物体(3)的空载过渡空间(9)，本方案能够提高进出料过程的气密性，增大进料量，提高设备使用寿命。

Description

一种进出料装置及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种进出料装置及方法，特别涉及将固态物料或固态物体从一个空间气密地输送到另一个空间的进出料装置，以及利用该进出料装置进行进出料作业的方法。
背景技术
WO0206439揭示的厌氧反应器在运行时，采用一个密封门关闭进出料开口，进行进出料作业时必须打开该密封门，导致厌氧反应中断，因此该反应器只能以批处理的方式运行。
EP1767500揭示的厌氧反应器采用柔性膜封闭反应器的一侧和顶部，进出料作业时必须揭开柔性膜，导致厌氧反应中断，因此该反应器也只能以批处理的方式运行。
EP1170357揭示的活塞式进出料装置和CN202626179(U)揭示的螺旋输送器进出料装置均支持反应器以连续方式运行，但其中物料对零部件的摩擦、腐蚀和卡滞，容易导致进出料装置失效。
DE102006047828(A1)揭示了消化器的一种进料装置，该装置有一个装有内门和外门的闸室，进料时，物料以批量的方式经过该闸室被输送到消化器内部，并且保持消化器内部与外部始终不连通，因此该消化器可以连续运行。但是，为了保证空气不随物料进入消化器，必须使进入闸室的物料充满随后处于密闭状态的闸室，这将使得内门和外门的密封接触面以及闸室的内壁与物料接触甚至受物料的挤压，导致机械结构受损、密封功能失效的后果，同时受到挤压的物料被压实，容易在闸室内产生不断增大的物料粘结块，严重影响甚至破 坏进出料装置的正常功能；另外，内门承受物料堆体的重力，这不但使该装置的密封能力受损，还意味着一个批次的进料量不能很大。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，提供一种进出料装置及方法，可将固态物料或物体气密地从上游空间输送到与其分隔开的下游空间，同时克服了现有技术的缺陷。
上、下游空间之间的气密输送是指，在输送过程中，至少一个空间流向另一个空间的气体质量被限制在一个规定的限量值以下。对于低于气密性要求限量值的气体质量数值，用“可忽略不计”表示。
本发明的目的和优点由下述的本发明的进出料装置及方法实现。
根据本发明，提出一种将上游物体气密地从上游空间输送到与其分隔开的下游空间的进出料装置，包括至少一个开口，其中上游物体从上游空间输出时所通过的开口构成为上开口，上游物体输入到下游空间中时所通过的开口构成为下开口，在顺次完成打开上开口、使上游空间中的上游物体通过上开口并从上游空间输出、随后关闭上开口的操作之后，形成一个容纳有上游物体并且与上游空间及下游空间均不存在气体自由连通关系的承载过渡空间，在顺次完成打开下开口、使上游物体通过下开口并输入到下游空间中、随后关闭下开口的操作之后，形成一个没有容纳上游物体并且与上游空间及下游空间均不存在气体自由连通关系的空载过渡空间，其特征在于：所述承载过渡空间中气体的质量和体积是可以调整的。
根据本发明，还提出一种利用本发明的进出料装置进行进出料作业的方法，包括以下按顺序执行的操作步骤：
a、打开上开口；使上游空间中的上游物体通过上开口并从上游空间输
出；关闭上开口，形成并保持承载过渡空间；
b、打开下开口；使上游物体通过下开口并输入到下游空间中；关闭下开口，形成并保持空载过渡空间；
其特点在于，包括以下操作步骤中至少一个操作步骤：
c、在执行操作步骤a的过程中，对承载过渡空间中气体的质量和体积进行调整；
d、在执行操作步骤b的过程中，对空载过渡空间中气体的质量和体积进行调整。
当密封门M密封开口K，使得密封门M两侧的空间S1、S2不能够经由开口K气体连通，定义开口K被密封门M关闭；当开口K没有被关闭，从而空间S1和S2经由开口K气体连通时，定义开口K被打开，或开口K向空间S1、S2打开。无论开口K被关闭或打开，分别称空间S1、S2为开口K一侧的空间。
考虑以下过程：当顺次完成打开开口K、让处于开口K某一侧空间S1中的物体T与开口K之间发生只与本开口K相关的相对运动、随后再次关闭开口K的操作之后，此时物体T处于开口K的另一侧空间S2中。如果上述过程是可以实现的，则定义开口K可以让物体T通过，并且定义上述相对运动的过程为物体T通过开口K的过程；同时，定义开口K构成为物体T从空间S1输出时所通过的开口，也构成为物体T输入空间S2时所通过的开口。
其中“只与本开口K相关的相对运动”是指物体T与开口K之间的具有如下特点的相对运动：无论除开口K之外其它连接空间S1和S2的通道的通断状态如何，该相对运动都能够实现。
所述的开口，是既可以气体连通其两侧空间，也可以输送固态物体或物料的通道。而下述的气体管路，是仅可以气体连通其两侧所连接的空间而不能输送固态物体或物料的通道。
两个空间的气体自由连通关系，是指该两个空间是至少一个打开开口的两侧的空间和/或该两个空间之间有至少一条连接彼此的气体自由管路。其中，气体自由管路是指任何时候都气体连通其两侧所连接的空间的气体管路。
通常情况下，被输送的各批次物料即上游物体在质量及体积方面的误差值远远大于气密性要求的限值，因此，从气密性要求的角度看，上游物体的质量、体积是不确定的，而本发明的进出料装置及方法的上述特点则意味着，在承载过渡空间可容纳的范围内，即使进入进出料装置的上游物体的质量和体积不确定，承载过渡空间中气体的质量和体积，都可以被可控地改变、并最终达到预期数值。
其中，对于一个进出料进程中的不同操作步骤，所述预期数值及其精度都是不相同的，例如所述预期数值在某些操作步骤中是所述气体质量和体积变化的增量值，在另外的操作步骤中就是所述气体质量和体积的绝对值。
根据本发明的一种优选实施方式是，在承载过渡空间中有支承并容纳上游物体的支承容纳装置，并且所述支承容纳装置不将其所受到的上游物体的重力传递给任何密封门。
支承容纳装置不但将上游物体与进出料装置内部的其它零部件分开，还避免了上游物体的重力传递到密封门、密封元件等不能承受较大外力的零部件上。因此本发明的进出料装置及方法对上游物体有广泛的适用性，例如上游物体可以是畜禽粪便、作物秸秆、生活垃圾、餐厨垃圾、各种污泥及其混合物等，还可以是工具、仪器或设备等。另外，本发明的进出料装置及方法可以应用于各种规模的场合，例如既可应用于大型沼气工程的厌氧反应器及好氧反应器，也可应用于实验室规模的小型厌氧反应装置。
根据本发明的一种优选实施方式是，承载过渡空间中气体的质量可以调整 到可忽略不计的值。该实施方式保证了上游空间进入到下游空间的气体质量小于气密性要求所规定的限量值。
根据本发明的一种优选实施方式是，空载过渡空间中气体的质量和体积是可以调整的，并且其中气体的质量可以调整到可忽略不计的值。该实施方式保证了下游空间进入到上游空间的气体质量小于气密性要求所规定的限量值。
对空载过渡空间中气体的质量和体积进行调整的意义及要求，均与对承载过渡空间中气体的质量和体积进行调整的意义及要求相同，在此不再赘述。
对过渡空间(包括承载过渡空间和空载过渡空间)中气体的质量和体积的调整，包括对将要形成的过渡空间中气体的质量初值和体积初值的调整，和/或对已形成的过渡空间中气体的质量当前值和体积当前值的调整。
其中质量初值和体积初值，分别是指过渡空间形成之初其中气体质量和气体体积的起始值。质量当前值和体积当前值，分别是指在调整正在进行之时，过渡空间中气体质量值和气体体积值。
对过渡空间中气体的质量、气体的体积进行的这两种调整操作，可以同时进行，也可以在不同时间分别进行。
根据本发明的一种优选实施方式是，包括以下操作步骤中至少一个操作步骤：
e、对承载过渡空间中气体的压强进行调整；
f、对空载过渡空间中气体的压强进行调整。
即使在上、下游空间有气体压强差的情况下，经过对过渡空间中气体的压强的调整，也可以保证密封门在两侧无压力差的条件下进行关闭和开启操作。
根据本发明的一种优选实施方式是，包括以下操作步骤：
g、对承载过渡空间中的上游物体进行调质处理操作。
调质处理操作是指改变或监测上游物体某些特性的操作，例如对上游物体进行温度调整、往上游物体中加入另外的物质使其成份改变、对上游物体进行搅拌、对上游物体进行取样等操作。
根据本发明的一种优选实施方式是，包括以下按顺序执行的操作步骤：
h、在执行操作步骤b的过程中，使下游空间中的下游物体通过下开口并且从下游空间输出；
i、打开一个可以连通空载过渡空间和上游空间的开口，使下游物体通过该开口并且输入到上游空间中。
附图说明
图1至图11是本发明第一实施例的进出料装置1的剖面图，并且按顺序表示进出料装置1进行进料作业的一个进程。
图12至图24是本发明第二实施例的进出料装置101的剖面图；其中，图13是沿图14中B-B线的剖面图；图14是沿图12中C-C线的剖面图；图12、图15至图24是沿图14中A-A线的剖面图，并且按顺序表示进出料装置101进行出料作业的一个进程。
图25至图31是本发明第三实施例的进出料装置201的剖面图，并且表示进出料装置201进行进料作业的一个进程。
图中除剖面指示线A-A、B-B、C-C的箭头以外的实心箭头所指的方向，均表示在其所在附图所表示的部分当前操作中，其所标记之处的气体管路或间隙中的气体流动方向；所述实心箭头所带的附图标记，表示与该实心箭头所标记的气体管路或间隙进行气体交流的空间。
具体实施方式
以下各实施例中，存在以下几个假设前提：第一，气体管路中所容纳的气体的质量很小，不会对进出料装置的气密性产生影响。第二，多个“可忽略不计”的值之和仍然是“可忽略不计”的值。
在以下实施例中所采用的气体控制单元是由现有技术构成的系统，该系统可以在其所在气体管路中双向输送气体，并且可以精确计量和控制所输送气体的质量；而该系统在不输送气体时则起阀门的作用，即当该系统开启时，将使其所在的气体管路处于连通状态，当该系统关闭时，将使其所在的气体管路处于不连通状态。
规定上游物体的运动方向是从上游往下游运动。
如图1至图11所示，本发明的第一实施例是一个厌氧反应器容器2的进料装置1，上游空间6是容器2的外部空间，其中的气体是空气，下游空间7是容器2的内部空间，其中的气体是沼气。
进出料装置1包括一个基本为圆筒形状的孔道37，在孔道37的上、下游侧分别有上开口4和上密封门5、下开口4′和下密封门5′。
当上密封门5处于水平位置，且圆盘31上的密封环15被充气至充分膨胀时，上开口4被关闭；当密封环15被抽气收缩时，上开口4向上游空间6打开。
圆盘31与其侧面所连接的薄膜16共同构成的上填充空间17，经过安装有气流控制单元23的气体管路27与一个CO2气体空间34连接。
当下密封门5′处于水平位置，且圆盘32上的密封环18被充气至充分膨胀时，下开口4′被关闭；当密封环18被抽气收缩时，下开口4′向下游空间7打开。
圆盘32与其侧面所连接的薄膜19共同构成的下填充空间20，经过安装有气流控制单元24的气体管路28与一个CO2气体空间35连接。
上、下密封门5、5′分别由驱动装置21、22驱动，可以分别作旋转运动或 停止于运动过程中的某一位置。
与孔道37的侧壁固定连接的支承容纳装置13可以支承并容纳上游物体3，该支承容纳装置13将上游物体3的重力传递给容器2而没有传递给上、下密封门5、5′。由一组可以同时翻转的挡板组成的料门14被设置在支承容纳装置13的底部，当所有挡板处于水平位置时，料门14被关闭并且可以承载上游物体3；当所有挡板处于垂直位置时，料门14被打开，上游物体3可以依靠重力从料门14处输入到下游空间7中。在支承容纳装置13上还配置了在图中没有显示的加热装置和搅拌装置。支承容纳装置13将孔道37分为二部分，一部分为在其上游的上侧区域，另一部分为在其下游的下侧区域；
管路系统36是一组既连通上、下侧区域也彼此相互连通的气体自由管路。管路系统36经由气体管路29、30分别与上游空间6、下游空间7连接，气体管路29、30中还分别安装有阀门25、26以及图中没有显示的流量计。
当上、下密封门5、5′分别关闭上、下开口4、4′时，就形成了一个与上、下游空间6、7均没有气体自由连通关系的过渡空间，当上游物体3在该过渡空间中时，该过渡空间为承载过渡空间8，否则，该过渡空间为空载过渡空间9。
图1所示的状态是，下开口4′被关闭，上开口4被打开，并且上密封门5处于垂直位置，气流控制单元23、24以及阀门25、26均被关闭，处于上游空间6中的上游物体3等待进入进出料装置1。为排版方便，图1中只显示了垂直的上密封门5的一部分。
接着如图2所示，使上游物体3通过上开口4并从上游空间6输出，到达料门14上；接着将上密封门5转到水平位置，但此时密封环15保持收缩状态，上密封门5与上开口4之间存在间隙33。
对将要形成的承载过渡空间8中气体的质量初值和体积初值进行调整：由 气流控制单元24对下填充空间20充气使其逐渐膨胀，因此将下侧区域中的气体即空气经间隙33排到上游空间6中。所述下填充空间20的膨胀过程可以看成是等压膨胀过程。
接着如图3所示，下填充空间20膨胀至其充满下侧区域，在此之后，由气流控制单元24继续对其适量充气，使其中气体的压强稍大于上游空间6中气体的压强，以便于随后的操作。
在上述下填充空间20等压膨胀至其中的气体压强开始增加的时刻，即是下填充空间20充满下侧区域的状态的起始时间点，因此该时刻是很容易判断和识别的。同理，以下各填充空间充满其所在空间的状态的起始时间点，也是很容易判断和识别的。
采取适当的措施，例如让薄膜19足够柔软和轻薄、将管路系统36在孔道37中的通道口设置得足够多等，可以保证薄膜19与其遇到的表面紧密贴合，从而使得在随后即将形成的承载过渡空间8中，在下侧区域的气体的质量初值和体积初值均可忽略不计。以下所述均以薄膜可紧密贴合其所遇到的表面为前提，而不再赘述为此所采取的具体措施。
接着如图4所示，关闭气流控制单元24；对密封环15充气使其充分膨胀并关闭上开口4，从而在上、下密封门5、5′之间形成承载过渡空间8。
开启阀门25，然后对承载过渡空间8中气体的质量当前值和体积当前值进行调整：由气流控制单元23对上填充空间17充气使其逐渐膨胀，因此将承载过渡空间8中在上侧区域的气体即空气经气体管路29排到上游空间6中。
接着如图5所示，上填充空间17膨胀至其充满上侧区域，至此，承载过渡空间8中气体的质量被调整到了可忽略不计的值。
关闭气流控制单元23，关闭阀门25，然后对承载过渡空间8中气体的压强 进行调整：由气流控制单元23、24分别对填充空间17、20进行适当充气或抽气，从而将其中气体的压强分别调整至与下游空间7中气体的压强相等，然后关闭气流控制单元23、24。
接着如图6所示，开启阀门26，然后再次对承载过渡空间8中气体的质量当前值和体积当前值进行调整：由气流控制单元23、24分别对填充空间17、20适量抽气使其分别适量收缩，因此使下游空间7中的气体即沼气经气体管路30进入到承载过渡空间8中。
在承载过渡空间8内，对上游物体3进行调质处理操作，例如对上游物体3进行搅拌或对其温度进行调整。
接着如图7所示，关闭气流控制单元23、24，此时，下密封门5′两侧空间中气体的压强相等。随后打开下开口4′，并将下密封门5′置于垂直位置。
接着如图8所示，将料门14打开，使上游物体3通过下开口4′并输入到下游空间7中。为排版方便，图7及图8中只显示了垂直下密封门5′的一部分。
接着如图9所示，关闭料门14，然后由下密封门5′将下开口4′关闭，从而在上、下密封门5、5′之间形成空载过渡空间9。
对空载过渡空间9中气体的质量当前值和体积当前值进行调整：由气流控制单元23、24分别对填充空间17、20充气，使其分别逐渐膨胀，因此将空载过渡空间9中的气体即沼气经气体管路30排到下游空间7中。
接着如图10所示，填充空间17、20膨胀至分别充满上、下侧区域，至此，空载过渡空间9中气体即沼气的质量被调整到了可忽略不计的值。
关闭气流控制单元23、24，关闭阀门26，然后对空载过渡空间9中气体的压强进行调整：由气流控制单元23、24分别对填充空间17、20进行适当充气或抽气，从而将其中气体的压强分别调整至与上游空间6中气体的压强相等， 然后关闭气流控制单元23、24。
接着如图11所示，开启阀门25，然后再次对空载过渡空间9中气体的质量当前值和体积当前值进行调整：由气流控制单元23、24分别对填充空间17、20适量抽气使其分别适量收缩，因此使上游空间6中的气体即空气经气体管路29进入到空载过渡空间9中。然后分别关闭气流控制单元23、24，此时上密封门5两侧空间中气体的压强相等。
随后，处于上游空间6中的下一个上游物体3′等待进入进出料装置1。显然，为了输送下一个上游物体3′，此后将有如图1的操作步骤，也即将再次打开上开口4。
在本次进料过程中，从下游空间7进入上游空间6中的沼气的质量可忽略不计，并且从上游空间6进入下游空间7中的空气的质量也可忽略不计。
图12到图24所示的本发明的第二实施例，是一个厌氧反应器容器102的进出料装置101。在本实施例中，该进出料装置101被用于在水平方向出料，因此，处于图12、图15至图24中左侧的上游空间106中的气体是沼气，处于右侧的下游空间107中的气体是空气。
上游物体103被装载在一个带有搅拌装置114和图中没有显示的温度调整装置的可自行走的运输车中，该运输车构成了支承容纳装置113，该支承容纳装置113将上游物体103的重力传递给地面而没有传递给密封门(105，105′)。
在反应器的垂直侧壁上有一个矩形孔洞，在该孔洞的靠近上游空间106一侧以及靠近下游空间107一侧分别形成了上开口104以及下开口104′，另外，可分别关闭或打开上、下开口104、104′的上、下密封门105、105′由图中没有显示的驱动装置控制，可以分别绕安装在矩形孔洞顶部的水平转轴136、137在一定范围内转动或者停止于运动过程中的某一个位置上。当上、下密封门105、105′ 被转动到其重心最低的位置(如图12中右侧的下密封门105′所处的位置)，其底部U形边缘分别伸入到液槽环132的液体中，分别关闭了上、下开口104、104′。当上、下密封门105、105′的一部分U形底边缘分别处在液槽环132的液面之上时，则分别打开了上、下开口104、104′。当上、下密封门105、105′转动到重心最高的位置时(如图12中左侧的上密封门105所处的位置)，支承容纳装置113可以分别通过上、下开口104、104′。
可伸缩的软膜138、139分别封闭了上、下密封门105、105′之间的侧面间隙。另外，如图13所示，侧隔板140、141分别封闭了密封门两侧与矩形孔洞侧面的间隙。
如图12所示，上、下密封门外壳116、119和分别与其所连接的薄膜115、118分别形成了上、下填充空间117、120。分别安装有气流控制单元121、122的气体管路125、126分别将上、下填充空间117、120与CO2气体空间142、143连接。
分别安装有阀门123、124以及流量计(图中没有显示)的气体管路127、128，分别将上、下游空间106、107与液槽环132所包围的地面之上的区域连接。
支承容纳装置113在跨越液槽环132的液槽时，分别由处于水平位置的活动支承板133、134提供支承；而当活动支承板133、134处于垂直位置时，上、下密封门105、105′的底部U形边缘可以分别伸入到液槽环132的液面之下。
当上、下密封门105、105′分别关闭上、下开口104、104′时，形成了一个与上、下游空间106、107均没有气体自由连通关系的过渡空间，当上游物体103处于该过渡空间中时，该过渡空间为承载过渡空间108，否则，该过渡空间为空载过渡空间109。
如图12所示的状态是，上开口104被打开，下开口104′被关闭，气流控制单元121、122以及阀门123、124均关闭。
接着如图15所示，支承容纳装置113通过上开口104并从上游空间106输出，停止在液槽环132所包围地面的凹槽135中，其中凹槽135与液槽环132是液体连通的。
接着如图16所示，活动支承板133被转至垂直位置，然后由上密封门105关闭上开口104，从而在上、下密封门105、105′之间形成承载过渡空间108。
开启阀门123，然后对承载过渡空间108中气体的质量当前值和体积当前值进行调整：由气流控制单元121、122分别向上、下填充空间117、120充气使其分别逐渐膨胀；往液槽环132中注入液体，从而使液体进入到凹槽135中并使其液面逐渐上升；因此使承载过渡空间108中的气体即沼气经气体管路127排到上游空间106中。
接着如图17所示，上、下填充空间117、120膨胀至分别充满其所在空间，凹槽135中的液面上涨至支承容纳装置113下部的不规则空隙被完全淹没，至此，承载过渡空间108中气体即沼气的质量被调整到了可忽略不计的值。
关闭阀门123，关闭气流控制单元121、122，然后对承载过渡空间108中气体的压强进行调整：由气流控制单元121、122分别对填充空间117、120进行适当充气或抽气，从而将其中气体的压强分别调整至与下游空间107中气体的压强相等。
接着如图18所示，开启阀门124，然后再次对承载过渡空间108中气体的质量当前值和体积当前值进行调整：由气流控制单元121、122分别对上、下填充空间117、120适量抽气使其分别适量收缩；使液槽环132中的液面也即凹槽135中的液面下降；因此使下游空间107中的气体即空气经气体管路128进入到 承载过渡空间108中。
与此同时，由搅拌装置114和温度调整装置对支承容纳装置113中的上游物体103分别进行搅拌和温度调整。
接着如图19所示，由下密封门105′打开下开口104′，然后将活动支承板134转至水平位置，同时让液槽环132中的液面下降至凹槽135中没有液体为止。
接着如图20所示，使支承容纳装置113通过下开口104′并输入到下游空间107中，随后将上游物体103卸载到下游空间107中，再将下游物体130装载到支承容纳装置113上。
接着如图21所示，使支承容纳装置113通过下开口104′并从下游空间输出，停止于凹槽135中，随后将活动支承板134转到垂直位置；再由下密封门105′关闭下开口104′，从而在上、下密封门105、105′之间形成空载过渡空间109。
对空载过渡空间109中气体的质量当前值和体积当前值进行调整：由气流控制单元121、122分别对上、下填充空间117、120进行充气使其分别逐渐膨胀；往液槽环132中注入液体，从而使液体进入到凹槽135中并使其液面逐渐上升；由图中没有显示的液体管路往支承容纳装置113中注入液体；因此将空载过渡空间109中的气体即空气经气体管路128排到下游空间107中。
接着如图22所示，上、下填充空间117、120膨胀至分别充满其所在空间；凹槽135中的液面上涨至支承容纳装置113下部的不规则空隙被完全淹没；支承容纳装置113中液面上涨至其中的所有空隙被完全淹没；至此，空载过渡空间109中的气体即空气的质量被调整到了可忽略不计的值。
关闭阀门124，关闭气流控制单元121、122，然后对空载过渡空间109中气体的压强进行调整：由气流控制单元121、122分别对填充空间117、120进行适当充气或抽气，从而将其中气体的压强分别调整至与上游空间106中气体 的压强相等。
接着如图23所示，开启阀门123，然后再次对空载过渡空间109中气体的质量当前值和体积当前值进行调整：由气流控制单元121、122分别对上、下填充空间117、120适量抽气使其分别适量收缩；使液槽环132中的液面也即凹槽135中的液面下降；使支承容纳装置113内的液面下降；因此使上游空间106中的气体即沼气经气体管路127进入到空载过渡空间109中。
接着如图24所示，由上密封门105打开上开口104，然后将活动支承板133转至水平位置；同时让液槽环132中的液面下降至凹槽135中没有液体为止；让支承容纳装置113中的液面下降至其中没有液体为止。
使支承容纳装置113通过上开口104并输入到上游空间106中，随后将下游物体130卸载到上游空间106中，再将下一个上游物体103′装载到支承容纳装置113上，为下一批次的输送做好准备。
图25至图31所示的本发明的第三实施例，是一个密闭的有机废弃物容器202的进出料装置201。在本实施例中，进出料装置201被用于向容器202内进料，因此，上游空间206中的气体是空气，下游空间207中的气体是沼气。
如图25所示，进出料装置201包括两个分别与容器202成为一体、且其内壁为同心等半径圆弧面、左右相对配置的密封门，分别被称为左密封门和右密封门；左、右密封门之间形成了一个基本为圆柱形的空间以及分别与上、下游空间206、207连通的上孔道221、下孔道222。
转轴220与安装在其上的八个隔板219共同形成的转动部件构成了支承并容纳上游物体203的支承容纳装置213，该支承容纳装置213将上游物体203的重力传递给机架而没有传递给密封门。在转轴220沿顺时钟方向转动的过程中，隔板219的顶端与密封门的内壁之间形成动密封配合。在每两个相邻的隔板219 之间形成一个隔板间区域，两个相邻隔板的顶端构成了一个开口，当该开口被某一个密封门关闭时，例如处于图25中B、C、G、H其中之一的位置上时，在该两个隔板之间形成了一个与上游空间206和下游空间207均没有气体自由连通关系的过渡空间；当该过渡空间中有上游物体203时，例如处于图中B、C位置时，该过渡空间即为承载过渡空间208；当该过渡空间中没有上游物体203时，例如处于图中G、H位置时，该过渡空间即为空载过渡空间209。
构成每一个隔板间区域的两个隔板，其中一个隔板带有与其边缘固定的小薄膜215，另一个隔板则带有与其边缘固定的大薄膜217，在该二个隔板219、219与其分别带有的薄膜215、217之间分别形成了一个小填充空间216、大填充空间218；每一个所述填充空间都各自带一根具有气流控制单元、与上游空间206连接的气体管路。
分别安装了气流控制单元223、229的气体管路224、230分别将位置C、位置G的隔板间区域与上游空间206连接，分别安装了气流控制单元225、227的气体管路226、228分别将位置C、位置G的隔板间区域与下游空间207连接。
随转轴220顺时钟转动，隔板间区域从位置A运动到位置H即完成了一次进料进程。因为任何一个隔板间区域在同一个转动相位上具有相同的操作状态，因此，图25所显示的，可以看成是某一时刻八个隔板间区域的操作状态，也可以看成是某一个隔板间区域分别在八个位置上的操作状态的集合。
下面参考图25到图31，说明一个隔板间区域的进料作业进程。
如图25，当隔板间区域在位置A时，此时隔板间的开口为上游物体203从上游空间206输出时所通过的上开口204，而先前打开该上开口204的左密封门为上密封门205；与此同时，大、小薄膜217、215均各自紧贴在与其固定连接的隔板上，并且大、小填充空间218、216与上游空间206不连通，气流控制单 元223、225、227、229均关闭；在此状况下，使上游物体203通过上孔道221及上开口204并从上游空间206输出。
接着如图25所示，该隔板间区域转动到位置B，此时右密封门关闭了上开口204，从而形成了承载过渡空间208，此时右密封门成为了上密封门205。
对承载过渡空间208中的上游物体203进行调质处理，例如，对其温度进行调整。
接着如图25所示，该隔板间区域转动到位置C，将小填充空间216与上游空间206连通，然后对承载过渡空间208中气体的质量当前值和体积当前值进行调整：气流控制单元223对承载过渡空间208抽气，致使小填充空间216逐渐膨胀，因此将承载过渡空间208中的气体即空气经气体管路224排到上游空间206中。
接着如图26所示，该隔板间区域仍处于位置C，在小填充空间216膨胀至充满其所在空间、承载过渡空间208中气体即空气的质量被调整到了可忽略不计的值之后，关闭气流控制单元223，对承载过渡空间208中气体的压强进行调整：适当对小填充空间216进行充气或抽气，从而将其中气体的压强调整到与下游空间207中气体的压强相等。
接着如图27所示，该隔板间区域仍处于位置C，开启气流控制单元225，使承载过渡空间208与下游空间207气体连通，然后对承载过渡空间208中气体的质量当前值和体积当前值进行调整：对小填充空间216进行抽气使其逐渐收缩，因此使下游空间207中的气体即沼气经气体管路226进入到承载过渡空间208中。
接着如图28所示，该隔板间区域仍处于位置C，小填充空间216收缩到使小薄膜215紧贴于固定它的隔板219上，然后使小填充空间216与上游空间206 不连通；关闭气流控制单元225使承载过渡空间208与下游空间207不连通。
接着如图25所示，该隔板间区域转动到位置D，此时隔板之间的开口为上游物体203输入下游空间207时所通过的下开口204′，而将该下开口204′打开的右密封门成为了下密封门205′；在此状态下，上游物体203开始通过下开口204′并输入到下游空间207中。
接着如图25所示，该隔板间区域转动到位置E，此时上游物体203完全输入到了下游空间207中。
接着如图25所示，该隔板间区域转动到位置F，左密封门开始关闭下开口204′。
接着如图25所示，该隔板间区域转动到位置G，此时左密封门完全关闭了下开口204′，从而形成了空载过渡空间209，此时左密封门成为了下密封门205′。随后将大填充空间218与上游空间206连通，然后对空载过渡空间209中气体的质量当前值和体积当前值进行调整：气流控制单元227对空载过渡空间209抽气，致使大填充空间218逐渐膨胀，因此将空载过渡空间209中的气体即沼气经气体管路228排到下游空间207中。
接着如图29所示，该隔板间区域仍处于位置G，在大填充空间218膨胀至充满其所在空间、空载过渡空间209中气体即沼气的质量被调整到了可忽略不计的值之后，关闭气流控制单元227，对空载过渡空间209中气体的压强进行调整：适当对大填充空间218进行充气或抽气，从而将其中气体的压强调整至与上游空间206中气体的压强相等。
接着如图30所示，该隔板间区域仍处于位置G，开启气流控制单元229，使空载过渡空间209与上游空间206气体连通，然后对空载过渡空间209中气体的质量当前值和体积当前值进行调整：对大填充空间218进行抽气使其逐渐 收缩，因此使上游空间206中的气体即空气经气体管路230进入到空载过渡空间209中。
接着如图31所示，该隔板间区域仍处于位置G，大填充空间218收缩到使大薄膜217紧贴于固定它的隔板219上，然后使大填充空间218与上游空间206不连通；关闭气流控制单元229使空载过渡空间209与上游空间206不连通。
接着如图25所示，该隔板间区域转动到位置H，此时空载过渡空间209中的气体为空气。
接着如图25所示，该隔板间区域转动到位置A，该隔板间的开口再次以上开口204的形式被左密封门向上游空间206打开，准备接受下一个上游物体203′。
在以上所述的所有实施中，过渡空间中气体的质量和体积，均调整到了满足气密性进出料进程各步骤所需要的预期数值。除此之外，还可以根据工艺的要求，将过渡空间中气体的质量和体积调整到其它的预期数值，实现这种调整的方法和步骤例如是：在第一实施例中，在图6所示的对承载过渡空间8中气体的质量当前值和体积当前值进行调整时，变为如下操作：由气流控制单元23、24分别对填充空间17、20进行抽气，同时结合气体管路30中流量计测得的流入承载过渡空间的气体流量数据，精确地控制从下游空间7经气体管路30进入承载过渡空间8的沼气质量和体积，并最终使承载过渡空间8中的沼气的质量和体积达到预期的数值。采用与之类似的形式，本发明的其他实施方式都可以满足实现任何预期数值的调整要求。
开口和密封门的结构以及密封门密封开口的方法，可以采用现有技术的其它方案，而不仅限于上述三个实施例中所述。例如，在第一实施例中，上、下开口4、4′的横截面可以设计成矩形或其它的几何形状。上、下密封门5、5′对上、下开口4、4′的密封还可采用其他的形式，比如以橡胶型材作为密封件的压力静 密封的形式、以水槽作为密封部件的液体密封的形式。在第二实施例中，密封门105、105′也可以采用压力静密封的方式密封开口104，104′。
判断填充空间充满其所在空间的方法也可采用现有技术的其它方案，例如可采用检测填充空间外壁上的特定点到达特定空间位置的方法。
即使对于同一个进出料装置，也可以有多个进程可以实现上游物体的气密输送过程。例如，在实施例1中如图2中所示的操作中，当向下填充空间20充气使其逐渐膨胀的同时，也对上填充空间17充气使逐渐其膨胀，并且使这两个填充空间20、17分别膨胀至充满其各自所在的空间，然后在此之后再关闭上开口4，这样，在承载过渡空间8形成之初，即已经将其中气体的质量初值和体积初值调整到了满足气密性要求的可忽略不计的值。
现有技术的多种其它可以气密地改变体积的结构，都可用作为本发明中对过渡空间中气体质量和体积进行调整的结构。例如，在实施例3中可以只采用一个填充空间；在实施例2中可以采用多于2个的填充空间；填充空间中的填充介质除了可以采用其他气体如N2之外，还可以采用液体例如水。构成填充空间的结构还可以是由可气密地伸缩的叠套的刚性套筒的结构，例如气缸-活塞结构、可伸缩式液压缸-多级活塞结构，以及如湿式储气柜那样的结构等。除了如实施例2所采用的其它空间与过渡空间进行液体交流的方法之外，还可以采用其它的、不用填充空间的结构或方法，例如，还可以采用过渡空间的内壁可发生变形的结构和方法来实现所述调整，其实施形式例如可以是：在第一实施例中，将上密封门5改变为单层柔性薄膜而不配置门主体，并且以水槽作为该密封门的密封部件，同时用气流控制单元分别代替阀门25、26。
所述所有实施例并不构成对本发明的限定，在本发明的范围内，所述各实施方式及其特征可以进行任意组合而不会背离本发明的构思框架。
附图标记列表
1、101、201进出料装置             31、32园盘
2、102、202容器                   33间隙
3、103、203上游物体               34、35CO2气体空间
3′、103′、203′下一个上游物体   36管路系统
4、104、204上开口                 37孔道
4′、104′、204′下开口           114搅拌装置
5、105、205上密封门               115、118薄膜
5′、105′、205′下密封门         116上密封门外壳
6、106、206上游空间               117上填充空间
7、107、207下游空间               119下密封门外壳
8、108、208承载过渡空间           120下填充空间
9、109、209空载过渡空间           121、122气流控制单元
13、113、213支承容纳装置          123、124阀门
14料门                            125、126、127、128气体管路
15、18密封环                      130下游物体
16、19薄膜                        132液槽环
17上填充空间                      133、134活动支承板
20下填充空间                      135凹槽
21、22驱动装置                    136、137水平转轴
23、24气流控制单元                138、139软膜
25、26阀门                        140、141侧隔板
27、28、29、30气体管路            142、143CO2气体空间
215小薄膜                         221上孔道
216小填充空间                     222下孔道
217大薄膜                         223、225、227、229气流控制单元
218大填充空间                     224、226、228、230气体管路
219隔板
220转轴

Claims (10)

  1. 将上游物体(3，103，203)气密地从上游空间(6，106，206)输送到与其分隔开的下游空间(7，107，207)的进出料装置(1，101，201)，包括至少一个开口，其中上游物体(3，103，203)从上游空间(6，106，206)输出时所通过的开口构成为上开口(4，104，204)，上游物体(3，103，203)输入到下游空间(7，107，207)中时所通过的开口构成为下开口(4′，104′，204′)，在顺次完成打开上开口(4，104，204)、使上游空间(6，106，206)中的上游物体(3，103，203)通过上开口(4，104，204)并从上游空间(6，106，206)输出、随后关闭上开口(4，104，204)的操作之后，形成一个容纳有上游物体(3，103，203)并且与上游空间(6，106，206)及下游空间(7，107，207)均不存在气体自由连通关系的承载过渡空间(8，108，208)，在顺次完成打开下开口(4′，104′，204′)、使上游物体(3，103，203)通过下开口(4′，104′，204′)并输入到下游空间(7，107，207)中、随后关闭下开口(4′，104′，204′)的操作之后，形成一个没有容纳上游物体(3，103，203)并且与上游空间(6，106，206)及下游空间(7，107，207)均不存在气体自由连通关系的空载过渡空间(9，109，209)，其特征在于：所述承载过渡空间(8，108，208)中气体的质量和体积是可以调整的。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的进出料装置(1，101，201)，其特征在于：在承载过渡空间(8，108，208)中有支承并容纳上游物体(3，103，203)的支承容纳装置(13，113，213)，并且所述支承容纳装置(13，113，213)不将其所受到的上游物体(3，103，203)的重力传递给任何密封门(5，105，205，5′，105′，205′)。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的进出料装置(1，101，201)，其特征在于：承载过渡空间(8，108，208)中气体的质量可以调整到可忽略不计的值。
  4. 根据权利1或2所述的进出料装置(1，101，201)，其特征在于：空载过渡空间(9，109，209)中气体的质量和体积是可以调整的，并且其中气体的质量可以调整到可忽略不计的值。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的进出料装置(1，101，201)，其特征在于：空载过渡空间(9，109，209)中气体的质量和体积是可以调整的，并且其中气体的质量可以调整到可忽略不计的值。
  6. 利用权利要求1至5之一所述的进出料装置(1，101，201)进行进出料作业的方法，包括以下按顺序执行的操作步骤：
    a、打开上开口(4，104，204)，使上游空间(6，106，206)中的上游物体(3，103，203)通过上开口(4，104，204)并从上游空间(6，106，206)输出，关闭上开口(4，104，204)，形成并保持承载过渡空间(8，108，208)；
    b、打开下开口(4′，104′，204′)，使上游物体(3，103，203)通过下开口(4′，104′，204′)并输入到下游空间(7，107，207)中，关闭下开口(4′，104′，204′)，形成并保持空载过渡空间(9，109，209)；
    其特征在于，包括以下操作步骤中至少一个操作步骤：
    c、在执行操作步骤a的过程中，对承载过渡空间(8，108，208)中气体的质量和体积进行调整；
    d、在执行操作步骤b的过程中，对空载过渡空间(9，109，209)中气体的质量和体积进行调整。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的进行进出料作业的方法，其特征在于，包括以下操作步骤中至少一个操作步骤：
    e、对承载过渡空间(8，108，208)中气体的压强进行调整；
    f、对空载过渡空间(9，109，209)中气体的压强进行调整。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的进行进出料作业的方法，其特征在于，包括以下操作步骤：
    g、对承载过渡空间(8，108，208)中的上游物体(3，103，203)进行调质处理操作。
  9. 根据权利要求6或7所述的进行进出料作业的方法，其特征在于，包括以下按顺序执行的操作步骤：
    h、在执行操作步骤b的过程中，使下游空间(107)中的下游物体(130)通过下开口(104′)并从下游空间(107)输出；
    i、打开一个可以连通空载过渡空间(109)和上游空间(106)的开口(104)，使下游物体(130)通过该开口(104)并输入到上游空间(106)中。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的进行进出料作业的方法，其特征在于，包括以下按顺序执行的操作步骤：
    h、在执行操作步骤b的过程中，使下游空间(107)中的下游物体(130)通过下开口(104′)并从下游空间(107)输出；
    i、打开一个可以连通空载过渡空间(109)和上游空间(106)的开口(104)，使下游物体(130)通过该开口(104)并输入到上游空间(106)中。
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