WO2017057692A1 - スパイラル型分離膜エレメントの製造方法 - Google Patents
スパイラル型分離膜エレメントの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017057692A1 WO2017057692A1 PCT/JP2016/079055 JP2016079055W WO2017057692A1 WO 2017057692 A1 WO2017057692 A1 WO 2017057692A1 JP 2016079055 W JP2016079055 W JP 2016079055W WO 2017057692 A1 WO2017057692 A1 WO 2017057692A1
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- protective layer
- composite semipermeable
- semipermeable membrane
- membrane
- separation membrane
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/10—Spiral-wound membrane modules
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
- B01D69/107—Organic support material
- B01D69/1071—Woven, non-woven or net mesh
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a spiral separation membrane element including a composite semipermeable membrane.
- a spiral separation membrane element is suitable for the production of ultrapure water, brine or desalination of seawater, etc., and is also included in dirt, which is a cause of pollution such as dye wastewater and electrodeposition paint wastewater. It can contribute to the closure of wastewater by removing and collecting pollution sources or effective substances. Moreover, it can be used for advanced treatments such as concentration of active ingredients in food applications and removal of harmful components in water purification and sewage applications. It can also be used for wastewater treatment in oil fields, shale gas fields, and the like.
- Composite semipermeable membranes are called RO (reverse osmosis) membranes, NF (nanofiltration) membranes, and FO (forward osmosis) membranes depending on their filtration performance and treatment methods.
- RO reverse osmosis
- NF nanofiltration
- FO forward osmosis
- a skin layer containing a polyamide-based resin obtained by reacting a polyfunctional amine component and a polyfunctional acid halide component is formed on the surface of a porous support.
- a composite semipermeable membrane As a composite semipermeable membrane often used industrially, for example, a skin layer containing a polyamide-based resin obtained by reacting a polyfunctional amine component and a polyfunctional acid halide component is formed on the surface of a porous support. And a composite semipermeable membrane.
- the surface of the skin layer of the composite semipermeable membrane generally has a negative charge due to the influence of carboxylic acid remaining in the polyamide resin. Therefore, when water containing an ionic organic contaminant such as a surfactant (for example, sewage) is treated with the composite semipermeable membrane, the organic contaminant is adsorbed on the surface of the skin layer by electrostatic attraction, and the water permeability is gradually increased. There was a problem that decreased.
- the surface of the separation active layer is an electrically neutral organic polymer that is insoluble in water at 25 ° C. and soluble in water at 80 ° C.
- a reverse osmosis composite membrane coated with polyvinyl alcohol having a saponification degree of 99% or more has been proposed.
- Patent Document 2 proposes a reverse osmosis membrane in which a cationic polymer is attached to a reverse osmosis membrane and then an anionic polyvinyl alcohol is attached.
- a fluid separation element used for reverse osmosis filtration, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, etc. for example, a supply-side channel material that guides the supply-side fluid to the separation membrane surface, a separation membrane that separates the supply-side fluid,
- a spiral type separation membrane element in which a unit comprising a permeate-side flow channel material that permeates a separation membrane and guides a permeate-side fluid separated from a supply-side fluid to a central tube is wound around a perforated central tube.
- the membrane performance of the composite semipermeable membrane before being processed into an element was found to be greatly reduced when processed into an element. .
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a spiral separation membrane element that can maintain the membrane performance of a composite semipermeable membrane before being processed into an element and has excellent membrane performance.
- the present inventors have found that the above object can be achieved by the following method for producing a spiral separation membrane element, and have completed the present invention.
- the present invention provides a process for producing a composite semipermeable membrane having a skin layer on the surface of a porous support, and a protective layer containing 35 mg / m 2 or more of anionic polyvinyl alcohol is formed on the skin layer for protection.
- a step of producing a composite semipermeable membrane with a layer a step of producing an unwashed spiral separation membrane element using the composite semipermeable membrane with a protective layer, and passing washing water through the unwashed spiral separation membrane element
- a method for manufacturing a spiral separation membrane element including a step of removing a protective layer on the skin layer.
- the present inventor examined the cause of the membrane performance of the composite semipermeable membrane before being processed into an element greatly decreasing when processed into an element, and found that it was due to the following causes.
- the composite semipermeable membrane is produced on a line having rolls and then wound around a drum. Further, when the composite semipermeable membrane is processed into an element, the composite semipermeable membrane is unwound from the drum and conveyed on a line having a roll for a long distance. For this reason, the surface of the skin layer is physically damaged in the transport process, the winding process, the rewinding process, the element manufacturing process, and the like after the composite semipermeable membrane is manufactured and processed into the element. As a result, it is considered that the membrane performance of the composite semipermeable membrane is greatly reduced when processed into an element.
- a protective layer containing 35 mg / m 2 or more of anionic polyvinyl alcohol is formed on the skin layer to protect the surface of the skin layer. It can suppress that the skin layer surface receives a physical damage in each process until it produces.
- the protective layer is preferably removed completely, but may remain so as not to lower the water permeability of the element.
- anionic polyvinyl alcohol is used as a raw material for the protective layer in order to facilitate the removal of the protective layer by passing washing water through the element.
- the surface of the skin layer containing the polyamide resin generally has a negative charge due to the influence of the carboxylic acid remaining in the polyamide resin. Therefore, it can be inferred that the use of anionic polyvinyl alcohol as a raw material for the protective layer makes it easier to remove the protective layer due to electrical repulsion with the skin layer surface.
- the present invention is not limited or limited by this inference.
- the skin layer surface tends to be physically damaged in each step until the element is produced.
- a spiral separation membrane element having excellent membrane performance equivalent to that of a composite semipermeable membrane before being processed into an element can be produced by a simple method.
- the method for producing a spiral separation membrane element of the present invention includes a step of producing a composite semipermeable membrane having a skin layer on the surface of a porous support, and contains 35 mg / m 2 or more of anionic polyvinyl alcohol on the skin layer.
- Forming a protective layer to produce a composite semipermeable membrane with a protective layer producing an unwashed spiral separation membrane element using the composite semipermeable membrane with a protective layer, and the unwashed spiral separation membrane element Washing water is passed through to remove the protective layer on the skin layer.
- the material for forming the skin layer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include cellulose acetate, ethyl cellulose, polyether, polyester, and polyamide.
- a skin layer containing a polyamide resin obtained by polymerizing a polyfunctional amine component and a polyfunctional acid halogen component is preferable.
- the polyfunctional amine component is a polyfunctional amine having two or more reactive amino groups, and examples thereof include aromatic, aliphatic and alicyclic polyfunctional amines.
- aromatic polyfunctional amines include m-phenylenediamine, p-phenylenediamine, o-phenylenediamine, 1,3,5-triaminobenzene, 1,2,4-triaminobenzene, and 3,5-diamino.
- aromatic polyfunctional amines include m-phenylenediamine, p-phenylenediamine, o-phenylenediamine, 1,3,5-triaminobenzene, 1,2,4-triaminobenzene, and 3,5-diamino.
- examples include benzoic acid, 2,4-diaminotoluene, 2,6-diaminotoluene, N, N′-dimethyl-m-phenylenediamine, 2,4-diaminoanisole, amidole, xylylenediamine and the like.
- Examples of the aliphatic polyfunctional amine include ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, tris (2-aminoethyl) amine, and n-phenyl-ethylenediamine.
- Examples of the alicyclic polyfunctional amine include 1,3-diaminocyclohexane, 1,2-diaminocyclohexane, 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, piperazine, 2,5-dimethylpiperazine, 4-aminomethylpiperazine, and the like.
- polyfunctional amines may be used alone or in combination of two or more. In order to obtain a skin layer having a high salt inhibition performance, it is preferable to use an aromatic polyfunctional amine.
- the polyfunctional acid halide component is a polyfunctional acid halide having two or more reactive carbonyl groups.
- polyfunctional acid halides include aromatic, aliphatic and alicyclic polyfunctional acid halides.
- aromatic polyfunctional acid halides include trimesic acid trichloride, terephthalic acid dichloride, isophthalic acid dichloride, biphenyl dicarboxylic acid dichloride, naphthalene dicarboxylic acid dichloride, benzene trisulfonic acid trichloride, benzene disulfonic acid dichloride, and chlorosulfonylbenzene dicarboxylic acid.
- An acid dichloride etc. are mentioned.
- Examples of the aliphatic polyfunctional acid halide include propanedicarboxylic acid dichloride, butanedicarboxylic acid dichloride, pentanedicarboxylic acid dichloride, propanetricarboxylic acid trichloride, butanetricarboxylic acid trichloride, pentanetricarboxylic acid trichloride, glutaryl halide, adipoid Examples include luhalides.
- Examples of the alicyclic polyfunctional acid halide include cyclopropane tricarboxylic acid trichloride, cyclobutane tetracarboxylic acid tetrachloride, cyclopentane tricarboxylic acid trichloride, cyclopentane tetracarboxylic acid tetrachloride, cyclohexane tricarboxylic acid trichloride, and tetrahydrofuran.
- Examples thereof include tetracarboxylic acid tetrachloride, cyclopentane dicarboxylic acid dichloride, cyclobutane dicarboxylic acid dichloride, cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid dichloride, and tetrahydrofurandicarboxylic acid dichloride.
- polyfunctional acid halides may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- an aromatic polyfunctional acid halide it is preferable to use an aromatic polyfunctional acid halide.
- a polymer such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone or polyacrylic acid, a polyhydric alcohol such as sorbitol or glycerin may be copolymerized.
- the porous support for supporting the skin layer is not particularly limited as long as it can support the skin layer. Usually, an ultrafiltration membrane having micropores with an average pore diameter of about 10 to 500 mm is preferably used.
- the material for forming the porous support include polysulfone, polyarylethersulfone such as polyethersulfone, polyimide, polyvinylidene fluoride, and the like. Polysulfone and polyarylethersulfone are preferably used from the viewpoint of stability.
- the thickness of such a porous support is usually about 25 to 125 ⁇ m, preferably about 40 to 75 ⁇ m, but is not necessarily limited thereto.
- the porous support is reinforced by backing with a base material such as a woven fabric or a non-woven fabric.
- the method for forming the skin layer containing the polyamide-based resin on the surface of the porous support is not particularly limited, and any known method can be used.
- an interfacial condensation method is a method in which a skin layer is formed by bringing an aqueous amine solution containing a polyfunctional amine component into contact with an organic solution containing a polyfunctional acid halide component to cause interfacial polymerization.
- a polyamide resin skin layer is directly formed on a porous support by interfacial polymerization on the porous support. Details of the conditions of the interfacial condensation method are described in JP-A-58-24303 and JP-A-1-180208, and those known techniques can be appropriately employed.
- the thickness of the skin layer formed on the porous support is not particularly limited, but is usually about 0.05 to 2 ⁇ m, preferably 0.1 to 1 ⁇ m.
- a protective layer containing anionic polyvinyl alcohol is formed on the skin layer to produce a composite semipermeable membrane with a protective layer.
- Anionic polyvinyl alcohol is polyvinyl alcohol having an anionic functional group, and examples of the anionic functional group include a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, and a phosphoric acid group. Among these, a carboxyl group or a sulfonic acid group is preferable.
- the method for introducing an anionic functional group into polyvinyl alcohol is not particularly limited, and a known method can be employed.
- anionic polyvinyl alcohols include, for example, KL-118, KL-318, KL-506, KM-118, and KM-618 manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd .; 330H, and Gohsenx T-350.
- the protective layer is formed by applying a solution containing anionic polyvinyl alcohol on the skin layer and drying it.
- a coating method spraying, application
- an organic solvent such as a skin layer that does not deteriorate the performance may be used in combination.
- organic solvents include, for example, aliphatic alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol; lower alcohols such as methoxymethanol and methoxyethanol.
- the temperature of the solution is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 to 90 ° C., more preferably 10 to 60 ° C. from the viewpoint of preventing deterioration of the skin layer and ease of handling.
- the temperature at which the drying treatment is carried out after coating the solution on the skin layer is not particularly limited, but is usually about 60 to 160 ° C., preferably 80 to 150 ° C.
- the protective layer needs to contain 35 mg / m 2 or more of anionic polyvinyl alcohol, preferably 39 mg / m 2 or more, more preferably 55 mg / m 2 or more, and further preferably 100 mg / m 2. Or more, more preferably 150 mg / m 2 or more, and particularly preferably 170 mg / m 2 or more.
- the content of the anionic polyvinyl alcohol in the protective layer becomes too large, it becomes difficult to remove the protective layer by the water passage treatment, so the content of the anionic polyvinyl alcohol in the protective layer is 2000 mg / m 2 or less.
- it is 1000 mg / m 2 or less, more preferably 500 mg / m 2 or less, and particularly preferably 300 mg / m 2 or less.
- the unwashed spiral separation membrane element includes a supply-side channel material, the composite semipermeable membrane with a protective layer, and a permeation-side channel material.
- the supply side channel material and the permeate side channel material can be used without particular limitation, and examples thereof include a net-like material, a knitted material, a mesh-like material, a grooved sheet, and a corrugated sheet.
- the unwashed spiral separation membrane element is formed by, for example, stacking a supply-side flow path material and a permeation-side flow path material between two layers of a composite semipermeable membrane with a protective layer, and permeating the supply-side fluid.
- a separation membrane unit is manufactured by applying an adhesive for forming a sealing portion for preventing side fluid mixing to the peripheral portion (three sides) of the composite semipermeable membrane with a protective layer. Is wound around the central tube in a spiral shape, and the periphery of the separation membrane unit is further sealed.
- washing water is passed through the unwashed spiral separation membrane element, and the protective layer on the skin layer is removed to produce a spiral separation membrane element.
- the temperature of the washing water is not particularly limited, but is usually about 10 to 40 ° C., and preferably 25 to 40 ° C. from the viewpoint of the removal efficiency of the protective layer.
- the water pressure is not particularly limited, it is usually about 0.1 to 3.0 MPa, and preferably 0.5 to 1.5 MPa from the viewpoint of the removal efficiency of the protective layer.
- the protective layer is preferably completely removed, but may remain so that the water permeability of the spiral separation membrane element does not decrease.
- the content of the anionic polyvinyl alcohol in the protective layer after the water passage treatment is preferably 200 mg / m 2 or less, more preferably 100 mg / m 2 or less, and further preferably 75 mg / m 2. 2 or less, more preferably 33 mg / m 2 or less, and particularly preferably 23 mg / m 2 or less.
- the spiral separation membrane element obtained by the production method of the present invention has excellent membrane performance equivalent to the membrane performance of the composite semipermeable membrane before being processed into the element.
- Comparative Example 1 An aqueous amine solution containing 3% by weight of m-phenylenediamine, 0.15% by weight of sodium lauryl sulfate, 3% by weight of triethylamine, 6% by weight of camphorsulfonic acid, and 4% by weight of isopropyl alcohol was treated with a porous polysulfone support membrane (on the side of thin film formation). An aqueous solution coating layer was formed by removing the excess amine aqueous solution. Next, an isooctane solution containing 0.2% by weight of trimesic acid chloride was applied to the surface of the aqueous solution coating layer. Thereafter, the excess solution is removed, and further kept in a hot air dryer at 130 ° C. for 3 minutes to form a skin layer (thickness: 1 ⁇ m) containing a polyamide-based resin on the porous polysulfone support membrane to form a composite semipermeable membrane. Was made.
- Example 1 On the skin layer of the composite semipermeable membrane produced in Comparative Example 1, KL-318 (manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd., carboxylic acid-modified polyvinyl alcohol, polymerization degree: 1800, saponification degree: 87.5%) 0.7% by weight, An aqueous solution containing 30% by weight of isopropyl alcohol was applied and dried at 130 ° C. for 3 minutes to form a protective layer, thereby preparing a composite semipermeable membrane with a protective layer.
- KL-318 manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd., carboxylic acid-modified polyvinyl alcohol, polymerization degree: 1800, saponification degree: 87.5
- Example 2 A composite semipermeable membrane with a protective layer was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the content of KL-318 in the aqueous solution was changed to 0.07% by weight.
- Example 3 A composite semipermeable membrane with a protective layer was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the content of KL-318 in the aqueous solution was changed to 0.037% by weight.
- Example 4 A composite semipermeable membrane with a protective layer was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the content of KL-318 in the aqueous solution was changed to 0.023 wt%.
- Example 5 A composite semipermeable membrane with a protective layer was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the content of KL-318 in the aqueous solution was changed to 0.018% by weight.
- Example 6 A composite semipermeable membrane with a protective layer was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the content of KL-318 in the aqueous solution was changed to 0.016% by weight.
- Comparative Example 2 A protective layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that GOHSENOL NL-05 (manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., polyvinyl alcohol, polymerization degree: 500, saponification degree: 99.2%) was used instead of KL-318. An attached composite semipermeable membrane was prepared.
- GOHSENOL NL-05 manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., polyvinyl alcohol, polymerization degree: 500, saponification degree: 99.2%
- Comparative Example 3 A composite semipermeable membrane with a protective layer was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the content of KL-318 in the aqueous solution was changed to 0.007% by weight.
- Comparative Example 4 A composite semipermeable membrane with a protective layer was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the content of KL-318 in the aqueous solution was changed to 0.0007% by weight.
- Comparative Example 5 A composite semipermeable membrane with a protective layer was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the content of KL-318 in the aqueous solution was changed to 0.012% by weight.
- the composite semipermeable membranes with protective layers prepared in Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 2 to 5 were measured with TOF-SIMS 5, and the protective layers of the composite semipermeable membranes with protective layers based on the calibration curves.
- the content of polyvinyl alcohol contained therein was calculated. Further, the content of polyvinyl alcohol contained in the protective layer was calculated for the composite semipermeable membrane with a protective layer after measurement of the permeation flux and the salt rejection (after water passage treatment) by the same method as described above.
- the permeation rate and conductivity of the permeated water obtained by this operation were measured, and the permeation flux (m 3 / m 2 ⁇ d) and the salt rejection (%) were calculated.
- the salt rejection was calculated in advance using a correlation (calibration curve) between NaCl concentration and aqueous solution conductivity in advance.
- Salt rejection (%) ⁇ 1 ⁇ (NaCl concentration in the permeate [mg / L]) / (NaCl concentration in the feed liquid [mg / L]) ⁇ ⁇ 100
- the composite semipermeable membranes with protective layers of Examples 1 to 6 even when the membrane surface on the skin layer side is rubbed, the salt rejection is hardly lowered. This is presumably because the skin layer was not damaged by the protective layer on the skin layer. Moreover, the water permeability is maintained high by removing the protective layer as much as possible by performing a water flow treatment.
- the composite semipermeable membrane of Comparative Example 1 does not have a protective layer, and the salt blocking rate is greatly reduced because the skin layer is greatly damaged by rubbing.
- the composite semipermeable membrane with a protective layer of Comparative Example 2 has a protective layer formed of PVA that has not been modified with a carboxylic acid. Yes. In the composite semipermeable membranes with protective layers of Comparative Examples 3 to 5, the protective layer was not sufficiently formed, and the skin blocking rate was reduced because the skin layer was damaged by rubbing.
- the spiral separation membrane element of the present invention is suitable for the production of ultrapure water, desalination of brackish water or seawater, etc., and from contamination that causes pollution such as dyeing waste water and electrodeposition paint waste water. It can contribute to the closure of wastewater by removing and recovering contained pollution sources or effective substances. Moreover, it can be used for advanced treatments such as concentration of active ingredients in food applications and removal of harmful components in water purification and sewage applications. It can also be used for wastewater treatment in oil fields, shale gas fields, and the like.
Abstract
Description
m-フェニレンジアミン3重量%、ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム0.15重量%、トリエチルアミン3重量%、カンファースルホン酸6重量%、及びイソプロピルアルコール4重量%を含有するアミン水溶液を多孔性ポリスルホン支持膜(薄膜形成側平均孔径20nm、非対称膜)上に塗布し、その後余分なアミン水溶液を除去することにより水溶液被覆層を形成した。次に、前記水溶液被覆層の表面にトリメシン酸クロライド0.2重量%を含有するイソオクタン溶液を塗布した。その後、余分な溶液を除去し、さらに130℃の熱風乾燥機中で3分間保持して、多孔性ポリスルホン支持膜上にポリアミド系樹脂を含むスキン層(厚み1μm)を形成して複合半透膜を作製した。
比較例1で作製した複合半透膜のスキン層上に、KL-318(クラレ社製、カルボン酸変性ポリビニルアルコール、重合度:1800、ケン化度:87.5%)0.7重量%、及びイソプロピルアルコール30重量%を含有する水溶液を塗布し、130℃で3分間乾燥させて保護層を形成して保護層付き複合半透膜を作製した。
水溶液中のKL-318の含有量を0.07重量%に変更した以外は実施例1と同様の方法で保護層付き複合半透膜を作製した。
水溶液中のKL-318の含有量を0.037重量%に変更した以外は実施例1と同様の方法で保護層付き複合半透膜を作製した。
水溶液中のKL-318の含有量を0.023重量%に変更した以外は実施例1と同様の方法で保護層付き複合半透膜を作製した。
水溶液中のKL-318の含有量を0.018重量%に変更した以外は実施例1と同様の方法で保護層付き複合半透膜を作製した。
水溶液中のKL-318の含有量を0.016重量%に変更した以外は実施例1と同様の方法で保護層付き複合半透膜を作製した。
KL-318の代わりにゴーセノールNL-05(日本合成化学工業社製、ポリビニルアルコール、重合度:500、ケン化度:99.2%)を用いた以外は実施例1と同様の方法で保護層付き複合半透膜を作製した。
水溶液中のKL-318の含有量を0.007重量%に変更した以外は実施例1と同様の方法で保護層付き複合半透膜を作製した。
水溶液中のKL-318の含有量を0.0007重量%に変更した以外は実施例1と同様の方法で保護層付き複合半透膜を作製した。
水溶液中のKL-318の含有量を0.012重量%に変更した以外は実施例1と同様の方法で保護層付き複合半透膜を作製した。
(保護層中に含まれるポリビニルアルコールの含有量の測定)
比較例1で作製した複合半透膜のスキン層上に、実施例及び比較例で用いたポリビニルアルコールを所定濃度で含む水溶液をそれぞれ塗布し、乾燥させて保護層を形成して保護層付き複合半透膜を作製した。作製した保護層付き複合半透膜を用いて、TOF-SIMS 5(ION-TOF製)で測定して得られる相対強度とポリビニルアルコール量との相関から検量線を作成した。その後、実施例1~6及び比較例2~5で作製した保護層付き複合半透膜についてTOF-SIMS 5で測定を行い、前記検量線を基に各保護層付き複合半透膜の保護層中に含まれるポリビニルアルコールの含有量を算出した。
また、透過流束及び塩阻止率の測定後(通水処理後)の保護層付き複合半透膜について、前記と同様の方法で保護層中に含まれるポリビニルアルコールの含有量を算出した。
実施例1~6及び比較例2~5で作製した保護層付き複合半透膜、及び比較例1で作製した複合半透膜を所定の形状、サイズに切断し、平膜評価用のセルにセットした。そして、膜に25℃の水を1.5MPaの圧力で1~2時間通水した。その後、2000mg/LのNaClを含みかつpH7に調整した水溶液を25℃で膜の供給側と透過側に1.55MPaの差圧を与えて膜に30分間接触させた。この操作によって得られた透過水の透過速度および電導度を測定し、透過流束(m3/m2・d)および塩阻止率(%)を算出した。塩阻止率は、NaCl濃度と水溶液電導度の相関(検量線)を事前に作成し、それらを用いて下式により算出した。
塩阻止率(%)={1-(透過液中のNaCl濃度[mg/L])/(供給液中のNaCl濃度[mg/L])}×100
実施例1~6及び比較例2~5で作製した保護層付き複合半透膜、及び比較例1で作製した複合半透膜を所定の形状、サイズに切断してサンプルを得た。原水スペーサー(Delstar社製、材質:ポリプロピレン、厚み:34mil)を4cm×12cmに切断し、それを前記サンプルのスキン層側に設置した。70gの重りを原水スペーサー上に載せ、原水スペーサーを移動させて前記サンプルのスキン層側の膜面を10回擦った。その後、前記と同様の方法で透過流束および塩阻止率を測定した。
Claims (1)
- 多孔性支持体の表面にスキン層を有する複合半透膜を作製する工程、前記スキン層上にアニオン性ポリビニルアルコールを35mg/m2以上含有する保護層を形成して保護層付き複合半透膜を作製する工程、前記保護層付き複合半透膜を用いて未洗浄スパイラル型分離膜エレメントを作製する工程、及び前記未洗浄スパイラル型分離膜エレメントに洗浄水を通水して、前記スキン層上の保護層を除去する工程を含むスパイラル型分離膜エレメントの製造方法。
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WO2014158660A1 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-10-02 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Composite polyamide membrane including dissolvable polymer coating |
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