WO2017056666A1 - 窒化珪素回路基板およびそれを用いた半導体モジュール - Google Patents
窒化珪素回路基板およびそれを用いた半導体モジュール Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017056666A1 WO2017056666A1 PCT/JP2016/072026 JP2016072026W WO2017056666A1 WO 2017056666 A1 WO2017056666 A1 WO 2017056666A1 JP 2016072026 W JP2016072026 W JP 2016072026W WO 2017056666 A1 WO2017056666 A1 WO 2017056666A1
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- silicon nitride
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Definitions
- Embodiments described later generally relate to a silicon nitride circuit board and a semiconductor module using the same.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a TCT characteristic by controlling the thickness ratio of the metal plate on the front surface side (first metal plate) and the metal plate on the back surface side (second metal plate) to 50% or more and 200% or less. (Thermal cycle test characteristics) is reported to be improved.
- Patent Document 2 reports a ceramic circuit board in which a metal plate on the surface side (metal circuit board side) is warped in a convex shape.
- the solder flow property is improved by adopting such a structure. It has been reported that TCT characteristics and solder flow properties are improved by using a ceramic circuit board as in Patent Document 1 or Patent Document 2.
- a semiconductor element is mounted on a ceramic circuit board via a solder layer.
- the heat transfer path of such a module structure is semiconductor element ⁇ solder layer ⁇ metal plate (front surface metal plate) ⁇ ceramics substrate ⁇ metal plate (back surface metal plate).
- Thermal resistance is an indicator of the heat dissipation of ceramic circuit boards. A low thermal resistance indicates good heat dissipation.
- H is a heat transfer path
- k thermal conductivity
- A is a heat dissipation area.
- Rth H / (k ⁇ A)
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent No. 3797905 (Patent Document 3) reports that a silicon nitride substrate having a three-point bending strength of 500 MPa or more has been developed. By using such a silicon nitride substrate having high mechanical strength, it is possible to improve TCT characteristics.
- a method of increasing the heat radiation area (A) a method of enlarging a metal plate to be bonded to the ceramic substrate or a method of bonding a lead frame, a cooling fin, or the like is effective.
- Patent Document 1 As shown in [Table 1], the thickness ratio of the metal plate bonded to the front surface side and the back surface side of the ceramic substrate is changed to a range of 50 to 250%.
- a base plate is bonded to the back surface of the silicon nitride circuit board, and is bonded to the cooling fin via the base plate.
- the silicon nitride circuit board and the cooling fin are integrally joined with a screw structure.
- the silicon nitride circuit board according to the embodiment is a silicon nitride circuit board in which metal plates are bonded to both surfaces of a silicon nitride substrate having a three-point bending strength of 500 MPa or more, and the thickness of the metal plate on the front side is t1, and the metal on the back side
- the thickness of the plate is t2
- at least one of the thickness t1 or t2 is 0.6 mm or more, satisfies the relational expression 0.10 ⁇
- the silicon nitride substrate is long
- the warping amounts in the side direction and the short side direction are both in the range of 0.01 to 1.0 mm.
- the silicon nitride circuit board according to the embodiment is a silicon nitride circuit board in which a metal plate is bonded to both surfaces of a silicon nitride substrate having a three-point bending strength of 500 MPa or more.
- a metal plate is bonded to both surfaces of a silicon nitride substrate having a three-point bending strength of 500 MPa or more.
- the thickness of the metal plate is t2
- at least one of the thickness t1 or t2 is 0.6 mm or more, and satisfies the relational expression: 0.10 ⁇
- the silicon nitride substrate Is characterized in that the warpage in the long side direction and the short side direction are both in the range of 0.01 to 1.0 mm.
- the silicon nitride substrate has a three-point bending strength of 500 MPa or more. When the three-point bending strength is as low as less than 500 MPa, the TCT characteristics are deteriorated.
- the three-point bending strength is preferably 500 MPa or more, and more preferably 600 MPa or more.
- the silicon nitride substrate preferably has a fracture toughness value of 6.0 MPa ⁇ m 1/2 or more.
- the silicon nitride substrate preferably has a thermal conductivity of 50 W / m ⁇ K or more. Furthermore, it is preferable that the thermal conductivity is as high as 60 W / m ⁇ K or higher, more preferably 80 W / m ⁇ K or higher. By increasing the thermal conductivity of the silicon nitride substrate, the overall thermal resistance of the silicon nitride circuit substrate can be reduced.
- the silicon nitride substrate preferably has a thickness of 0.50 mm or less. Further, it is preferable to reduce the thickness to 0.33 mm or less and 0.26 mm or less. Since the silicon nitride substrate has high strength and excellent insulation, the substrate can be made thinner. Further, the thermal resistance of the circuit board can be lowered by making the board thinner. Note that the lower limit of the thickness of the silicon nitride substrate is preferably 0.10 mm or more. If the substrate thickness is as thin as less than 0.10 mm, it may be difficult to ensure strength and insulation.
- metal plates are bonded to both sides of the silicon nitride substrate.
- the metal plate is preferably a copper plate, an aluminum plate, a copper alloy plate, or an aluminum alloy plate.
- the bonding method may be either a bonding method through a bonding layer or a bonding method in which bonding is performed directly without using a bonding layer.
- an active metal joining method using an active metal brazing material is preferable.
- the active metal brazing material is preferably made of silver (Ag), copper (Cu), or titanium (Ti). Further, tin (Sn) and indium (In) are added as necessary.
- As the active metal brazing material Ag is 40 to 80% by mass, Cu is 20 to 60% by mass, Ti is 0.1 to 12% by mass, Sn is 20% by mass or less (including 0), and In is 20% by mass or less.
- a brazing material made of (including 0) can be exemplified. If a metal plate is a copper plate or a copper alloy plate, there exists an advantage which is easy to join by an active metal joining method.
- the active metal is Al (aluminum).
- components other than the active metal include Si (silicon).
- the active metal brazing material include a brazing material in which Si is 0.01 to 10% by mass and Al is the balance.
- either the front or back metal plate may be thicker.
- the metal plate on the front surface side is preferably a metal plate on which a semiconductor element is mounted, and the metal plate on the back surface side is preferably a heat radiating plate.
- the surface side metal plate thicker.
- the thickness of at least one of the thickness t1 of the front metal plate or the thickness t2 of the back metal plate be 0.6 mm or more. Moreover, it is preferable that the thickness of at least one of t1 or t2 is 0.8 mm or more.
- the upper limit of the thickness of the metal plate is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5.00 mm or less. If the thickness of the metal plate exceeds 5.00 mm, the volume that changes due to the thermal expansion of the metal plate becomes large, so that it becomes difficult to control the amount of warpage described later.
- the silicon nitride substrate is characterized in that the warpage in the long side direction and the short side direction are both in the range of 0.01 to 1.0 mm.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 show an example of the configuration of the silicon nitride circuit board according to the embodiment.
- 1 is a top view
- FIGS. 2 and 3 are side views.
- reference numeral 1 is a silicon nitride circuit substrate
- 2 is a silicon nitride substrate
- 3 is a metal plate (front metal plate) on the front surface side
- 4 is a metal plate (back metal plate) on the back surface side.
- L1 is the length (vertical width) in the longitudinal direction of the silicon nitride substrate 2
- L2 is the length (horizontal width) in the short side direction of the silicon nitride substrate 2
- S is the amount of warpage of the silicon nitride substrate 2.
- the warpage amount in the longitudinal direction of the silicon nitride substrate 2 is S L1
- the warpage amount in the short side direction is S L2 .
- L3 is the length of the diagonal line of the silicon nitride substrate 2.
- S L3 is the amount of warpage in the diagonal direction of the silicon nitride substrate.
- a straight line is first drawn from one end of the silicon nitride substrate 2 to the other end.
- the distance at which the silicon nitride substrate 2 is farthest from the straight line is defined as a warp amount S.
- Silicon nitride circuit board 1 according to the embodiment, the longitudinal direction of the warp amount S L1 and the short side direction of the warp amount S L2 are both in the range of 0.01 ⁇ 1.0 mm. Further, the warp amount S L1 and the warp amount S L2 are preferably 0.1 to 0.5 mm.
- the diagonal amount S L3 of the silicon nitride substrate 2 is in the range of 0.1 ⁇ S L3 ⁇ 1.5 mm. Further, the warp amount S L3 is preferably in the range of 0.2 ⁇ S L3 ⁇ 0.7 mm.
- the lead frame is joined mainly for the conduction of semiconductor elements. For this reason, the lead frame is often extended to the outside of the silicon nitride circuit board 1.
- the heat sink and the cooling fin are joined to the back side of the silicon nitride circuit board 1. Heat sinks and cooling fins are evenly bonded to the back side.
- the lead frame is joined to the place where conduction is desired.
- the lead frames are not necessarily arranged evenly. If the diagonal warp amount SL3 is set to 0.1 to 1.5 mm, the warp amount of the silicon nitride substrate 2 in the electronic component module is less than 0.1 mm (including 0 mm) even if the lead frame is unevenly arranged. ). In other words, the silicon nitride circuit substrate 1 in the range of 0.1 ⁇ S L3 ⁇ 1.5 mm is suitable for bonding lead frames. Note that the uniform arrangement means that they are arranged symmetrically.
- FIG. 2 shows a structure in which the silicon nitride substrate is warped so that the back metal plate side is concave.
- the circuit board having such a structure is referred to as a first silicon nitride circuit board.
- the first silicon nitride circuit board preferably satisfies t1> t2.
- FIG. 3 shows a structure in which the silicon nitride substrate is warped so that the surface metal plate side is convex.
- a second silicon nitride circuit board 1a is a first silicon nitride circuit substrate and 1b is a second silicon nitride circuit substrate.
- the second silicon nitride circuit board 1b is preferably t1 ⁇ t2. In other words, if t1> t2, it is easy to control the structure so that the back metal plate side is warped so as to be concave. Similarly, if t1 ⁇ t2, it is easy to control the structure so that the surface metal plate side is warped so as to be convex.
- the silicon nitride circuit board according to the embodiment has a predetermined amount of warpage in both the longitudinal direction and the short side direction.
- excellent TCT characteristics are exhibited even when the difference in thickness between the front and back metal plates is 0.10 mm or more and 0.30 mm or less.
- the first silicon nitride circuit board 1a and the second silicon nitride circuit board 1b may have a plurality of metal plates bonded to at least one surface.
- FIG. 4 shows a silicon nitride circuit board 1a in which two metal plates 3 and 3 are bonded to the front side.
- reference numeral 1 is a silicon nitride circuit substrate
- 2 is a silicon nitride substrate
- 3 is a front metal plate
- 4 is a back metal plate
- S is a warp amount of the silicon nitride substrate 2.
- FIG. 4 illustrates the first silicon nitride circuit board 1a
- the second silicon nitride circuit board 1b may be used.
- two metal circuit boards (surface metal boards) 3 and 3 are illustrated, three or more metal circuit boards may be provided.
- the first silicon nitride circuit board 1a is suitable for a semiconductor module in which a cooling fin is joined to a back metal plate.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of a semiconductor module.
- reference numeral 10 is a semiconductor module
- 1a is a first silicon nitride circuit board
- 4 is a heat sink (back metal plate)
- 5 is a semiconductor element
- 7 is a cooling fin
- 9 is a screw receiving portion.
- the semiconductor module 10 using the first silicon nitride circuit board 1a is referred to as a first semiconductor module 10a.
- the warp direction of the silicon nitride circuit board 1a on which is convex to the back metal plate side, and the warpage S L1 and the short side direction of the warp amount S L2 of the long side direction are both 0.01 ⁇ 1.0 mm .
- the second silicon nitride circuit board 1b is suitable for a semiconductor module in which the lead frames 6 and 6 are joined to the front metal plates 3 and 3.
- FIG. 6 shows a configuration example of the semiconductor module.
- reference numeral 10 is a semiconductor module
- 1b is a second silicon nitride circuit board
- 3 is a front metal plate (metal circuit board)
- 5 is a semiconductor element
- 6 is a lead frame.
- the semiconductor module 10 using the second silicon nitride circuit board 1b is referred to as a first semiconductor module 10b.
- the warp direction of the silicon nitride circuit board 1b on which the convex front metal plate side, and the warpage S L1 and the short side direction of the warp amount S L2 of the long side direction are both 0.01 ⁇ 1.0 mm .
- the vertical width L1 of the silicon nitride substrate 2 is preferably 10 to 200 mm.
- the lateral width L2 of the silicon nitride substrate is preferably 10 to 200 mm. If the vertical width (L1) or the horizontal width (L2) is as small as less than 10 mm, the mounting area of the semiconductor element on the metal plate on the surface side becomes small, and the degree of freedom in design decreases. In addition, it is difficult to form an area for providing a protruding region of a bonding layer described later. On the other hand, if the vertical width (L1) or the horizontal width (L2) is greater than 200 mm, it becomes difficult to control the warpage amount (S) within the range.
- the amount of warpage of the long side direction (S L1) and short side direction of warpage ratio (S L1 / S L2) of (S L2) is in the range of 0.5-5.0. That the ratio (S L1 / S L2 ) is in the range of 0.5 to 5.0 indicates that the amount of warpage between the longitudinal direction and the short side direction is approximate.
- the metal plate is preferably bonded to the silicon nitride substrate through a bonding layer containing an active metal.
- the active metal indicates at least one element selected from Ti (titanium), Zr (zirconium), Hf (hafnium), Nb (niobium), and Al (aluminum). Among these active metals, it is preferable to use Ti as described above.
- the bonding layer containing an active metal has a Ag content of 40 to 80 mass%, a Cu content of 20 to 60 mass%, a Ti content of 0.1 to 12 mass%, and a Sn content of 20 mass% or less (including 0).
- an active metal brazing material composed of 20 mass% or less (including 0) of In is preferable.
- the active metal brazing material layer is provided between the silicon nitride substrate and the metal plate and bonded by heat treatment. After bonding, the active metal contained in the bonding layer is preferably mainly active metal nitride.
- FIG. 7 shows a partial cross-sectional view of one configuration example of a silicon nitride circuit substrate in which the bonding layer has a protruding portion.
- reference numeral 2 is a silicon nitride substrate
- 3 is a metal plate
- 11 is a protruding portion of the bonding layer.
- W is the length of the protruding portion of the bonding layer.
- FIG. 7 shows an example of a side surface of the metal plate 3 of the silicon nitride circuit board according to the embodiment.
- reference numeral 2 is a silicon nitride substrate
- 3 is a metal plate
- 11 is a protruding portion of the bonding layer.
- the angle ⁇ of the side surface of the metal plate 3 is determined by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a metal microscope, or a CCD camera after cutting the silicon nitride circuit board perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction and polishing the cut surface. This can be confirmed by observing at a magnification at which the thickness of the metal plate can be confirmed. In the observation image or the observation photograph, a straight line is drawn from a half point of the thickness of the metal plate 3 to the end of the metal plate on the silicon nitride substrate side, and the angle ⁇ between the straight line and the silicon nitride substrate is measured.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- a metal microscope or a CCD camera
- This angle ⁇ being 80 ° or less indicates a shape in which the side surface of the metal plate extends in the direction of the silicon nitride substrate. This cross-sectional shape can relieve the thermal stress between the metal plate and the silicon nitride substrate. Therefore, the straight line angle ⁇ is preferably 80 ° or less, and more preferably 60 ° or less.
- the lower limit of the angle ⁇ is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30 ° or more. If the angle ⁇ is less than 30 °, the side surface of the metal plate becomes too long. If the length is too long, the flat area on the surface of the metal plate is reduced when the metal plate size is the same. When the flat area is small, the area where the semiconductor element can be mounted is small. Further, if the flat area is the same, it is necessary to form a large metal plate.
- thermal stress can be further reduced by an appropriate combination of the protruding portion of the bonding layer and the angle ⁇ .
- the TCT characteristics can be improved even if the thickness of the metal plate is increased or a difference (
- the length W of the protruding portion 11 is less than 10 ⁇ m, the effect of providing the protruding portion is insufficient.
- the length W of the protruding portion 11 is larger than 150 ⁇ m, it is easy to manufacture, but there are few effects.
- the insulation distance between adjacent metal circuit boards is shortened, which may cause poor conduction. Further, in order to secure a sufficient insulation distance, it is necessary to increase the size of the entire circuit board, which may be a cause of deterioration in characteristics and cost.
- the length W of the protruding portion 11 is preferably 10 to 150 ⁇ m, more preferably 15 to 60 ⁇ m. Further, the angle ⁇ is preferably 80 ° or less, and more preferably 60 ° or less. As a result, thermal stress relaxation is achieved, and TCT characteristics are improved.
- H is a heat transfer path
- k is thermal conductivity
- A is a heat dissipation area.
- the silicon nitride circuit board according to the embodiment can shorten the heat transfer path of the portion having low thermal conductivity by reducing the thickness of the silicon nitride substrate. Further, by increasing the thickness of the metal plate or increasing the size of the metal plate, the thermal conductivity (k) and the heat radiation area (A) of the silicon nitride circuit board can be increased. As a result, the thermal resistance (Rth) can be reduced.
- the difference in thickness of the metal plate on the front surface side or the back surface side is defined so as to satisfy the relational expression: 0.10 mm ⁇
- the silicon nitride circuit board as described above is suitable for a semiconductor module on which a high-power semiconductor element is mounted.
- the silicon nitride circuit board according to the embodiment is suitable for a semiconductor element having a high junction temperature because it reduces thermal resistance and improves TCT characteristics.
- SiC devices and GaN devices have junction temperatures as high as 175 ° C. or higher.
- the silicon nitride circuit board according to the present embodiment is suitable for a semiconductor module on which an SiC element or a GaN element is mounted.
- the lead frame 6 preferably has a thickness of 0.2 mm or more. Furthermore, the thickness of the lead frame 6 is preferably 0.4 mm or more. In addition, by increasing the thickness of the lead frame to 0.2 mm or more, it is possible to increase current carrying capacity and improve heat dissipation.
- the upper limit of the thickness of the lead frame 6 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 mm or less.
- the lead frame is preferably made of a metal plate such as a copper plate.
- the warp amount S L1 in the long side direction and the warp amount S L2 in the short side direction are defined in the range of 0.01 to 1.0 mm. Therefore, even if a lead frame having a thickness of 0.2 mm or more is bonded to the surface metal plate, the warpage amount of the silicon nitride substrate can be made less than 0.1 mm (including 0 mm). In the case where only the warpage amount (S L1 ) in the long side direction is controlled as in the conventional case, the silicon nitride substrate is easily bent when the lead frame is joined.
- the silicon nitride substrate 2 is not curved and the amount of warpage is reduced.
- the silicon nitride substrate of the semiconductor module By reducing the amount of warpage of the silicon nitride substrate of the semiconductor module, it is possible to improve the TCT characteristics as the semiconductor module. In addition, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of mounting defects when mounting the semiconductor module itself.
- the amount of warpage S L3 in the diagonal direction is less than 0.1 mm even when the lead frame is fixed in an uneven arrangement ( (Including 0 mm).
- the silicon nitride circuit board according to this embodiment is suitable for a semiconductor module that is resin-sealed, such as a transfer mold method.
- a semiconductor module is placed in a heated mold.
- the semiconductor module is disposed in a space called a cavity.
- die comprises one set up and down, and comprises a cavity.
- a resin tablet solidified resin
- the resin tablet put into the pot starts to melt gradually and is put into the cavity.
- the liquid resin fills the surrounding space with the electronic component. When the filled resin is solidified, it becomes a molded state.
- the transfer molding method is a resin sealing method that is excellent in mass productivity because many mold processes can be performed at once by increasing the mold size.
- the transfer molding method is a method in which wire deformation and disconnection are likely to occur. Therefore, by adopting a structure that does not perform wire bonding, it is possible to eliminate wire disconnection failure and deformation failure when resin sealing is performed by a transfer molding method.
- electrical_connection of a semiconductor element may be performed by wire bonding.
- the first semiconductor module 10a using the first silicon nitride circuit board 1a is formed by joining a cooling fin to a back metal plate.
- the cooling fin preferably has a thickness of 0.2 mm or more. Further, it is more preferable that the cooling fin has a thickness of 0.4 mm or more. Moreover, although the upper limit of the thickness of a cooling fin is not specifically limited, It is preferable that thickness is 20 mm or less.
- the shape of the cooling fin may be various shapes such as a plate shape, a comb shape, a groove shape, and a pin shape.
- the first silicon nitride circuit board 1 a is suitable for a structure that is screwed to the cooling fin 7.
- the first silicon nitride circuit board 1a is provided with a convex amount of warpage on the back metal plate side. With this structure, the amount of warpage of the silicon nitride substrate 2 of the first semiconductor module 10a can be reduced. For this reason, the adhesion between the back metal plate 4 of the silicon nitride substrate 2 and the cooling fins 7 can be improved.
- the first silicon nitride circuit board 1a is to control the amount of warpage long side direction (S L1) and short side direction of the warp amount (S L2), or joining the cooling fins 7, or set screw Suitable for structure. Further, the warpage amount of the silicon nitride substrate 2 of the first semiconductor module 10a can be less than 0.1 mm (including 0 mm). In the conventional case where only the warpage amount (S L1 ) in the long side direction is controlled, the silicon nitride substrate is likely to bend when the cooling fin is joined or screwed.
- the volume ratio of (volume of the joint portion of the lead frame to the front metal plate + volume of the front metal plate) / (volume of the back metal plate) is 0.6 to 1.5. It is preferable to be within the range. If it is out of this range, it may be difficult to reduce the warpage amount of the silicon nitride substrate as a semiconductor module to less than 0.1 mm (including 0 mm).
- the joint portion to the front metal plate is 10 mm long ⁇ 10 mm wide.
- the volume of each joined portion is obtained and the total value is defined as the “volume of the joined portion of the lead frame to the surface metal plate”.
- the volume of a surface metal plate makes the value which totaled the volume of each surface metal plate the "volume of a surface metal plate", when a some surface metal plate is joined.
- the volume of the back metal plate when a plurality of back metal plates are joined, is a value obtained by summing the volumes of the respective back metal plates as the “volume of the back metal plate”.
- the volume ratio of (volume of the front metal plate) / (volume of the back metal plate + volume of the joint portion of the cooling fin to the back metal plate) is 0.3 to 1.5. It is preferable to be within the range. Outside this range, it may be difficult to reduce the amount of warpage of the silicon nitride substrate when it becomes a semiconductor module to less than 0.1 mm (including 0 mm).
- the back metal plate is 30 mm long ⁇ 30 mm wide, and the size of the cooling fin is 50 mm long ⁇ 50 mm wide ⁇ 2 mm thick.
- requires not using the volume of the whole cooling fin but using the volume of the junction part of a back metal plate.
- the sum of the volumes of the joined portions of the respective front metal plates is obtained and set as the “volume of the front metal plate”.
- the first silicon nitride circuit board 1a is used. Further, if (volume of the joining portion of the lead frame to the front metal plate + volume of the front metal plate) ⁇ (volume of the back metal plate + volume of the joining portion of the cooling fin to the back metal plate), the second A silicon nitride circuit board 1b is used.
- the manufacturing method thereof is not particularly limited, but the following method may be mentioned as a method for obtaining it efficiently.
- a silicon nitride substrate is prepared.
- the silicon nitride substrate has a three-point bending strength of 500 MPa or more.
- the silicon nitride substrate preferably has a fracture toughness value of 6.0 MPa ⁇ m 1/2 or more.
- the silicon nitride substrate preferably has a thermal conductivity of 50 W / m ⁇ K or more. It is preferable that the thermal conductivity is as high as 50 W / m ⁇ K or higher, more preferably 80 W / m ⁇ K or higher.
- the silicon nitride substrate preferably has a thickness of 0.1 mm or more and 0.50 mm or less. Further, it is preferable to reduce the thickness to 0.33 mm or less and 0.26 mm or less.
- the warpage amount of the silicon nitride substrate is prepared such that the warpage amount S L1 on the long side direction side and the warpage amount S L2 on the short side direction are both less than 0.1 mm.
- the metal plate is preferably one type selected from a copper plate, a copper alloy, an Al plate, and an Al alloy plate.
- the thickness of the metal plate is defined so that the relationship between the thickness t1 of the front surface side metal plate and the thickness t2 of the back surface side metal plate is 0.10 ⁇
- the joining process is performed using an active metal brazing material.
- the active metal includes one selected from Ti (titanium), Zr (zirconium), Hf (hafnium), and Nb (niobium). Ti is most preferable as the active metal. Moreover, Ag, Cu, In, and Sn are mentioned as components other than an active metal.
- composition of the active metal brazing material Ag is 40 to 80% by mass, Cu is 20 to 60% by mass, Ti is 0.1 to 12% by mass, Sn is 20% by mass or less (including 0), A brazing material comprising 20% by mass or less (including 0) of In is preferable.
- the active metal is Al (aluminum).
- components other than the active metal include Si (silicon).
- Examples of the composition of the active metal brazing material include 0.01 to 10% by mass of Si, and the balance of Al.
- the side surface of the metal plate is processed in advance so that an angle ⁇ when a straight line is drawn from a half point of the thickness of the metal plate to the end of the metal plate on the silicon nitride substrate side is 80 ° or less. Good. Further, by performing an etching process after joining the metal plates, the angle ⁇ when a straight line is drawn from the half of the thickness of the metal plate to the end of the metal plate on the silicon nitride substrate side is 80 °. You may process so that it may become the following.
- a resin binder is added to the active metal brazing material to prepare an active metal brazing paste.
- An active metal brazing material paste is applied onto a silicon nitride substrate to form an active metal brazing material paste layer.
- a metal plate is placed thereon. When the protruding portion of the bonding layer is provided, the active metal brazing paste layer is provided wider than the vertical and horizontal sizes of the metal plate.
- the coating thickness of the active metal brazing paste layer is preferably in the range of 10 to 40 ⁇ m. If the thickness of the active metal brazing material layer paste layer is less than 10 ⁇ m, sufficient bonding strength may not be obtained. Further, even if the thickness exceeds 40 ⁇ m, not only the bonding strength is not improved, but also the cost is increased. Therefore, the thickness of the active metal brazing paste layer is preferably in the range of 10 to 40 ⁇ m, more preferably 15 to 25 ⁇ m.
- the heating temperature is preferably in the range of 600 to 900 ° C.
- the joining temperature is preferably in the range of 750 to 900 ° C.
- the joining temperature is preferably in the range of 600 to 750 ° C.
- the degree of vacuum is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 Pa or less, more preferably 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa or less.
- the warp amount S L1 on the long side direction side and the warp amount S L2 on the short side direction are in the range of 0.01 to 1.0 mm. it can. Further, if necessary, a predetermined amount of warpage may be applied by heating in a state where stress is applied.
- patterning is performed by etching. Further, the length W of the protruding portion of the brazing material and the angle ⁇ of the side surface of the metal plate are adjusted by the etching process.
- a lead frame or cooling fin is joined. Moreover, if necessary, a screwing structure is adopted.
- a semiconductor element is mounted on a metal plate (surface metal plate) on the front side. Further, the joining of the heat dissipation member such as the lead frame and the joining of the semiconductor element may be performed in the same process or in separate processes. Further, the order is not particularly limited.
- the first or second silicon nitride circuit board is used according to the joining order.
- the lead frame is bonded first, it is preferable to use a second silicon nitride circuit board that is convex toward the front metal plate.
- the 2nd silicon nitride circuit board 1b which became concave shape by the back metal plate side.
- the resin sealing step is preferably manufactured by a transfer mold method.
- the transfer mold method is an excellent method for mass production. In the case of the silicon nitride circuit board according to the embodiment, even if the resin sealing is performed by the transfer molding method, the warpage amount can be reduced.
- Example 2 As a silicon nitride substrate, a substrate having a thickness of 0.32 mm, a length in the longitudinal direction (L1) of 60 mm, and a length in the short side direction (L2) of 40 mm was prepared.
- This silicon nitride substrate has a three-point bending strength of 600 MPa, a thermal conductivity of 90 W / m ⁇ K, and a fracture toughness value of 6.5 MPa ⁇ m 1/2 .
- a copper plate as a metal plate was prepared. Further, a raw material mixture composed of Ag (60 wt%), Cu (30 wt%), In (8 wt%), and Ti (2 wt%) was prepared as an active metal brazing material raw material. This raw material mixture was mixed with a resin binder to prepare an active metal brazing paste. The above active metal brazing paste is applied to both sides of the silicon nitride substrate, a copper plate is placed, and a heating process is performed in which the copper plate is joined by heating to a temperature of 780 to 830 ° C. in a vacuum atmosphere of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa or less. did.
- the surface metal plate of the silicon nitride / copper circuit board that was heat-bonded was etched and patterned. Further, the side surfaces of the front metal plate and the back metal plate were etched to control the length W of the protruding portion of the brazing material and the inclination angle ⁇ of the side surface of the metal plate. Then, it adjusted so that the predetermined curvature amount might be obtained by heating, applying stress.
- Table 1 shows the size of the copper plate on the front surface side, the size of the copper plate on the back surface side, the inclination angle ⁇ of the side surface of the metal plate, and the amount of protrusion of the active metal brazing material.
- the angle of the side surface of the metal plate is an angle ⁇ when a straight line is drawn from the half point of the thickness of the metal plate to the end of the metal plate on the silicon nitride substrate side. did.
- what joined the some copper plate unified the space
- warpage S L1 of the long side direction was measured in the direction of warpage S L2 and warpage in the short side direction.
- the amount of warpage was measured by drawing a straight line from one end of the silicon nitride substrate to the other end, and taking the distance that the substrate was farthest from the straight line as the amount of warpage.
- warpage of diagonal S L3 was also measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Examples 1 to 3 relate to the first silicon nitride circuit board.
- Examples 4 to 6 relate to the second silicon nitride circuit board.
- Comparative Example 1 has no warp. In Comparative Examples 2 and 3, the amount of warpage was large.
- Reference Example 1 shows a case where the angle of the end portion of the metal plate is excessive, and Reference Example 2 shows a case where the length of the protruding portion of the brazing material is too small.
- Example 7 Substrates having the specifications shown in Table 3 were prepared as silicon nitride substrates.
- a warpage amount was prepared such that the warpage amount on the long side direction side was 0.02 mm or less, and the warpage amount on the short side side was 0.02 mm or less.
- the joining process of a metal plate is the same as that of Example 1.
- the copper plates shown in the left column of Table 4 were joined to the front side and back side of each silicon nitride substrate. Further, the angle ⁇ on the side surface of the metal plate and the length W of the protruding portion of the brazing material were controlled by etching. Moreover, what joined the several copper plate unified the distance between adjacent copper plates into 1.2 mm. Thereafter, heating was applied while applying a stress to give a predetermined amount of warpage.
- Warpage of the long-side direction side of the resulting silicon nitride circuit board S L1, warpage S L2 of the short-side direction, a diagonal direction of warpage S L3, and the direction of the warp were measured.
- the amount of warpage was measured by drawing a straight line from one end of the silicon nitride substrate to the other end, and taking the distance at which the silicon nitride substrate was farthest from the straight line as the amount of warpage.
- Table 5 The results are shown in Table 5 below.
- Example 8 is an example of the first silicon nitride circuit board 1a.
- Examples 7, 9, and 10 are examples of the second silicon nitride circuit board 1b.
- TCT characteristics of the silicon nitride circuit substrates according to Examples 1 to 10, Comparative Examples 1 to 3, and Reference Examples 1 to 2 were measured.
- a thermal cycle of temperature ⁇ 40 ° C. ⁇ 30 minutes hold ⁇ room temperature (25 ° C.) ⁇ 10 minutes hold ⁇ temperature 175 ° C. ⁇ 30 minutes hold ⁇ room temperature (25 ° C.) ⁇ 10 minutes hold is set to 500 cycles.
- the occurrence of peeling of the metal plate and occurrence of cracks in the silicon nitride substrate after 1500 cycles was measured. The results are shown in Table 6 below.
- the silicon nitride circuit boards according to the examples and comparative examples were excellent in TCT characteristics. Moreover, in order to fully demonstrate the durability of the circuit board, particularly over a long period of 1500 cycles, it is necessary to control the side surface angle ⁇ of the metal plate and the length W of the protruding portion of the brazing material. There was found.
- Example 4 A second semiconductor module 10b according to Examples 1A to 3A and Example 8A was fabricated by bonding cooling fins to the back metal plate of the first silicon nitride circuit board (Examples 1 to 3 and 8). Further, in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the cooling fins were joined to produce semiconductor modules according to Comparative Example 1A and Comparative Example 2A. Further, as Reference Example 4, a semiconductor module was manufactured by bonding a cooling fin to the first silicon nitride circuit board (Example 4). The cooling fin was made of a copper plate.
- the amount of warpage of the silicon nitride substrate in each semiconductor module was measured. Further, TCT characteristics of the semiconductor module were measured. The TCT characteristics are as follows: temperature -40 ° C x 30 minutes hold ⁇ room temperature (25 ° C) x 10 minutes hold ⁇ temperature 200 ° C x 30 minutes hold ⁇ room temperature (25 ° C) x 10 minutes hold. After that, the presence or absence of defects such as peeling of the metal plate and occurrence of cracks was investigated. The results are shown in Table 7 below.
- the warpage amount of the silicon nitride substrate was less than 0.10 mm after the cooling fins were joined. As a result, the TCT characteristics were also excellent.
- Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 the amount of warpage increased and the TCT characteristics deteriorated.
- the warping direction was reversed as in Reference Example 4, the warping toward the back substrate side was increased (warping amount minus display). Also in this case, the TCT characteristics deteriorated.
- the comparative example and the reference example it was found that when a warp structure is used, stress is applied to the silicon nitride substrate and the TCT characteristics are further deteriorated when the screwing structure is used.
- the first silicon nitride circuit board is effective for the structure in which the cooling fin is joined to the surface metal plate.
- Example 4B-6B, 7B, 9B, 10B, Comparative Examples 1B, 3B, Reference Example 3 A lead frame was joined to the surface metal plate of the second silicon nitride circuit board (Examples 4 to 6, 7, 9, 10) to produce semiconductor modules according to Examples 4B to 6B, 7B, 9B, and 10B. Further, lead frames were joined to the silicon nitride circuit boards according to Comparative Examples 1 and 3 to produce semiconductor modules according to Comparative Examples 1B and 3B. Further, as Reference Example 3, a lead frame was joined to the first silicon nitride circuit board (Example 1) to produce a semiconductor module. The lead frame was made of a copper plate.
- the amount of warpage of the silicon nitride substrate in each semiconductor module was measured. Further, TCT characteristics of the semiconductor module were measured. Here, the TCT characteristic is 1000 cycles with a temperature of ⁇ 40 ° C. ⁇ 30 minutes hold ⁇ room temperature (25 ° C.) ⁇ 10 minutes hold ⁇ temperature 200 ° C. ⁇ 30 minutes hold ⁇ room temperature (25 ° C.) ⁇ 10 minutes hold. After the implementation, the presence or absence of peeling or cracking of the metal plate was investigated. The results are shown in Table 8 below.
- the warpage amount of the silicon nitride substrate was less than 0.10 mm after the lead frame was joined.
- the TCT characteristics were also excellent.
- Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 the amount of warpage increased, and the TCT characteristics deteriorated. Further, when the warping direction was reversed as in Reference Example 3, the warping toward the back substrate side increased and the warping amount became negative (indicated by the amount of warping minus). Also in this case, the TCT characteristics deteriorated. For this reason, it has been found that the second silicon nitride circuit board is effective for a module structure in which a lead frame is bonded to a surface metal plate.
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Abstract
Description
熱伝導率を50W/m・K以上、さらには80W/m・K以上と高いことが好ましい。また、窒化珪素基板は厚さが0.1mm以上、0.50mm以下であることが好ましい。さらに0.33mm以下、0.26mm以下と薄型化することが好ましい。
(実施例1~6、比較例1~3および参考例1~2)
窒化珪素基板として、厚さが0.32mmであり、長手方向(L1)の長さが60mmであり、短辺方向(L2)の長さが40mmである基板を用意した。この窒化珪素基板は、3点曲げ強度が600MPaであり、熱伝導率が90W/m・Kであり、破壊靭性値が6.5MPa・m1/2である。また、銅板を接合する前の窒化珪素基板の反り量は、長辺方向側の反り量SL1=0.02mm、短辺方向の反り量SL2=0.01mmである基板を用いた。
窒化珪素基板として表3に示す仕様を有する基板をそれぞれ用意した。反り量は、長辺方向側の反り量を0.02mm以下であり、短辺側の反り量も0.02mm以下である基板を用意した。金属板の接合工程は実施例1と同様である。
第一の窒化珪素回路基板(実施例1~3、8)の裏金属板に冷却フィンを接合することにより実施例1A~3A、実施例8Aに係る第二の半導体モジュール10bを作製した。また、比較例1および比較例2についても冷却フィンを接合して比較例1A、比較例2Aに係る半導体モジュールを作成した。また、参考例4として第一の窒化珪素回路基板(実施例4)に冷却フィンを接合して半導体モジュールを作製した。なお、冷却フィンは銅板で作製した。
第二の窒化珪素回路基板(実施例4~6、7,9,10)の表金属板にリードフレームを接合して実施例4B~6B,7B,9B,10Bに係る半導体モジュールを作製した。また、比較例1,3に係る窒化珪素回路基板についてもリードフレームを接合して比較例1B、3Bに係る半導体モジュールを作製した。さらに、参考例3として第一の窒化珪素回路基板(実施例1)にリードフレームを接合して半導体モジュールを作製した。なお、リードフレームは銅板で作製した。
1a …第一の窒化珪素回路基板
1b…第二の窒化珪素回路基板
2 …窒化珪素基板
3 …表面側の金属板
L1 …窒化珪素基板の長辺方向の長さ
L2 …窒化珪素基板の短辺方向の長さ
L3…窒化珪素基板の対角線の長さ
4 …裏面側の金属板
S …窒化珪素基板の反り量
SL1 …窒化珪素基板の長辺方向の反り量
SL2 …窒化珪素基板の短辺方向の反り量
SL3…窒化珪素基板の対角線方向の反り量
5 …半導体素子
6 …リードフレーム
7 …冷却フィン
8 …ねじ
9 …ねじ受け部
10 …半導体モジュール
10a …第一の半導体モジュール
10b…第二の半導体モジュール
11 …接合層(ろう材)のはみ出し部
θ…金属板側面の角度
W …接合層のはみ出し部の長さ
Claims (15)
- 3点曲げ強度が500MPa以上である窒化珪素基板の両面に接合層を介して金属板を接合した窒化珪素回路基板において、
表面側の金属板の厚さをt1とし、裏面側の金属板の厚さをt2としたとき、厚さt1およびt2の少なくとも一方は0.6mm以上であり、関係式:0.10≦|t1-t2|≦0.30mmを満たし、
上記窒化珪素基板は長辺方向および短辺方向共に反り量が0.01~1.0mmの範囲内であることを特徴とする窒化珪素回路基板。 - 前記窒化珪素基板の縦幅(L1)が10~200mmであり、横幅(L2)が10~200mmの範囲内であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の窒化珪素回路基板。
- 前記窒化珪素基板の長辺方向側の反り量をSL1、短辺方向の反り量をSL2としたとき、比(SL1/SL2)が0.5~5.0の範囲内であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項2のいずれか1項に記載の窒化珪素回路基板。
- 前記窒化珪素基板の対角線の長さ方向の反り量をSL3としたとき、0.1≦SL3≦1.5mmであることを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の窒化珪素回路基板。
- t1>t2であり、裏面側に凸状に反っていることを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の窒化珪素回路基板。
- t1<t2であり、表面側に凸状に反っていることを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の窒化珪素回路基板。
- 前記金属板の端部からはみ出した接合層のはみ出し部の長さが10~150μmの範囲内であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の窒化珪素回路基板。
- 前記金属板の側面において、金属板厚さの1/2の点から窒化珪素基板側の金属板の端部まで直線を引いたとき、この直線と窒化珪素基板の平面方向とがなす角度が80°以下であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の窒化珪素回路基板。
- 前記窒化珪素基板の熱伝導率が50W/m・K以上であり、厚さが0.50mm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の窒化珪素回路基板。
- 請求項5記載の窒化珪素回路基板の裏面側に接合した金属板を冷却フィンに接合した構造を有することを特徴とする半導体モジュール。
- 前記窒化珪素回路基板と冷却フィンとをねじ止めする構造を有することを特徴とする請求項10記載の半導体モジュール。
- 前記窒化珪素基板の長辺方向の反り量および短辺方向の反り量は共に0.1mm未満(0mm含む)であることを特徴とする請求項10ないし請求項11のいずれか1項に記載の半導体モジュール。
- 請求項6記載の窒化珪素回路基板の表面側に接合した金属板にリードフレームを接合した構造を有することを特徴とする半導体モジュール。
- 前記リードフレームの厚さが0.2mm以上であることを特徴とする請求項13記載の半導体モジュール。
- 前記窒化珪素基板の長辺方向の反り量および短辺方向の反り量は共に0.1mm未満(0mm含む)であることを特徴とする請求項13ないし請求項14のいずれか1項に記載の半導体モジュール。
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