WO2017047932A1 - Additif pour combustible destiné à réduire les gaz à effet de serre, les oxydes d'azote et la matière particulaire - Google Patents

Additif pour combustible destiné à réduire les gaz à effet de serre, les oxydes d'azote et la matière particulaire Download PDF

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WO2017047932A1
WO2017047932A1 PCT/KR2016/008816 KR2016008816W WO2017047932A1 WO 2017047932 A1 WO2017047932 A1 WO 2017047932A1 KR 2016008816 W KR2016008816 W KR 2016008816W WO 2017047932 A1 WO2017047932 A1 WO 2017047932A1
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fuel
oil
heavy oil
fuel additive
carbonate
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PCT/KR2016/008816
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
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이영서
이명진
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이영서
이명진
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Priority to CN201680019547.3A priority Critical patent/CN107429180B/zh
Priority to DK16846753.8T priority patent/DK3351610T3/da
Priority to EP16846753.8A priority patent/EP3351610B1/fr
Publication of WO2017047932A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017047932A1/fr

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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fuel additive that can be added to heavy oil during combustion in an internal combustion engine or boiler using heavy oil as a fuel to reduce the generation of greenhouse gases, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter and improve combustion efficiency.
  • 10-1071204 discloses 25 to 55% by weight of an oil soluble metallic compound containing any one of calcium, barium, manganese or iron, 15 to 25% by weight of alcohol, hydro 10-20% by weight of treated light distillate, 5-15% by weight kerosene, 5-15% by weight mineral oil, and 2-8% by weight of nonionic surfactant
  • the mineral oil is composed of hydrotreated heavy paraffinic distillate or hydrotreated light paraffinic distillate, solvent-dewaxed heavy paraffin distillate (Solvent-dewaxed).
  • a fuel additive for heavy oil characterized in that it is composed of one or more selected from the group consisting of dewaxed light paraffinic distillate.
  • the present invention has been derived under the conventional technical background, and an object of the present invention is to add to heavy oil during combustion in an internal combustion engine or a boiler using heavy oil as fuel to reduce the generation of greenhouse gases, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter, and to improve combustion efficiency. It is to provide a fuel additive that can be improved.
  • an aspect of the present invention provides a fuel additive for heavy oil in the form of a composition including an oil soluble metallic compound, an oxygen supply agent, a dispersant, a lubricant, a nonionic surfactant, and a detergent. to provide.
  • a fuel additive for heavy oil of the present invention will be described by dividing into components.
  • Oil soluble metallic compound as one component of the fuel additive for heavy oil according to the present invention promotes oxidation by increasing the reactivity with oxygen during the combustion of heavy oil as fuel oil, and combustion reaction of low combustible components such as asphaltene powder It acts as a combustion accelerator to inhibit the production of soot and dust.
  • the oil soluble metallic compound in the present invention preferably contains a metal having a high combustion promoting reactivity and at the same time has a property of being soluble in heavy oil which is fuel oil.
  • the metal having high combustion promoting reactivity includes calcium, barium, manganese, iron, and the like.
  • the oil-soluble metal compound is preferably composed of an active metal portion and an organic ligand in order to be dissolved in heavy oil, which is a fuel oil.
  • the oil-soluble metal compound calcium acetylacetonate (Calcium) acetylacetonate, Calcium naphthenate, Calcium oxlate, Calcium oxlate, Barium acetylacetonate, Barium naphthenate, Barium oxlate, Manganese acetylacetonate (Manganese acetylacetonate), Manganese naphthenate, Manganese oxlate, Iron acetylacetonate, Iron naphthenate, Iron oxlate .
  • the oil-soluble metal compound in the present invention may be a metal salt of carboxylic acid, or a metal salt of sulfonic acid from another viewpoint.
  • the oil-soluble metal compound is most preferably an oil-soluble metal compound containing calcium in consideration of the relative magnitude of the combustion-promoting reactivity.
  • calcium salt of sulfonic acid, calcium acetylacetonate, calcium naphthenate ( naphthenate) or calcium oxalate (Calcium oxlate) may be composed of one or more.
  • the calcium salt of sulfonic acid includes an organic functional group such as an alkyl group, an aryl group, or an alkylaryl group, and is preferably calcium alkylbenzenesulfonate including a double alkylaryl group.
  • the alkyl group of the calcium alkylbenzenesulfonate is characterized in that 8 to 50 carbon atoms.
  • Specific examples of the calcium alkylbenzenesulfonate include calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, which is a representative anionic surfactant.
  • the content of the oil soluble metallic compound is 20 to 25% by weight based on the total weight of the composition in consideration of the effect of minimizing dust generation and compatibility with other components. Is preferably.
  • Oxygen deficiency phenomenon occurs at the interface where combustion reaction occurs because the exhaustion rate is faster than exhaustion rate of oxygen even when heavy fuel oil is burned, and exhausted by the combustion reaction such as heterogeneous surface reaction. This can happen.
  • the oxygen supply agent which is one component of the heavy oil fuel additive according to the present invention, is preferably a low boiling point compound. Low-boiling compounds can contribute to complete combustion because they increase the combustion reaction surface area by vaporization within the burner spray droplets.
  • the low boiling point compound used as the oxygen feed agent is a dialkyl ether compound, a dialkyl ether compound of ethylene glycol, a dialkyl ether compound of propylene glycol, a butylene glycol dialkyl ether compound, a dialkyl ketone compound, a die It is preferable that it consists of 1 or more types chosen from an alkoxy alkane compound or a dialkyl carbonate compound, and it is more preferable that the said alkyl group, an alkoxy group, or an alkane has 1-5 carbon atoms.
  • oxygen supply agent examples include methyl propyl ether, diisopropyl ether, ethyl methyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, propylene glycol dimethyl ether, dimethyl ketone, acetyl acetone, methyl propyl ketone, Ethyl methyl ketone, isobutyl methyl ketone, dimethoxy methane, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, diisopropyl carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, dipentyl carbonate, methylethyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate or ethylpropyl carbonate And dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, diisopropyl carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, dipentyl carbonate, methylethyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate or ethylpropyl carbonate
  • the content of the oxygen supply is preferably 30 to 35% by weight based on the total weight of the composition in consideration of the effect of minimizing dust generation and compatibility with other components. .
  • the dispersant which is one component of the fuel additive for heavy oil according to the present invention, prevents the formation of sludge, lowers the flash point of heavy oil, and reduces kinematic viscosity and surface tension. If the viscosity and surface tension of the heavy oil are reduced, the particle size of the fuel may be atomized and homogenized upon injection from the nozzle, and rapid combustion and low temperature explosion during combustion may lower the exhaust gas temperature of the internal combustion engine.
  • Dispersant in the present invention is characterized in that the hydrotreated light distillate (Hydrotreated Light Distillate).
  • Hydrotreated is a treatment method in which hydrogen is added to oil or the like.
  • light distillate means a light hydrocarbon which is distilled first when distilling crude oil.
  • Hydrotreated light distillate usually has a boiling point of 150-300 ° C., but is not limited thereto.
  • Hydrotreated light distillate (Hydrotreated Light Distillate) that can be used in the present invention include, but are not limited to products such as CAS No. 64742-47-8, 68921-07-3.
  • the content of the hydrotreated light distillate is to consider the effect of reducing the flash point and kinematic viscosity, minimizing the generation of dust and residual carbon content and compatibility with other components It is preferably from 15 to 20% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the lubricant which is a component of the fuel additive for heavy oil according to the present invention, maintains the form of sludge redispersed into fine particles and suppresses the occurrence of friction in the internal combustion engine.
  • the lubricant is preferably paraffinic oil, and more preferably modified by hydrotreating or dewaxing.
  • the paraffinic oil modified by the hydrotreating or dewaxing process is hydrotreated heavy paraffinic distillate (CAS No. 64742-54-7), hydrotreated light paraffin distillate ( Hydrotreated light paraffinic distillate; CAS No. 64742-55-8), Solvent-dewaxed heavy paraffinic distillate (CAS No.
  • Solvent-dewaxed light paraffin distillate Solvent-dewaxed light paraffinic distillate; CAS No. 64742-56-9
  • Hydrotreated and dewaxed heavy paraffinic distillate CAS No. 91995-39-0
  • hydrotreated and dewaxed It may be composed of one or more selected from light treated paraffin distillate (Hydrotreated and dewaxed light paraffinic distillate; CAS No. 91995-40-3), but is not limited thereto.
  • the content of the lubricant is 3 to 7 based on the total weight of the composition in consideration of the effect of reducing the flash point and kinematic viscosity, minimizing the generation of dust and residual carbon content and compatibility with other components It is preferable that it is weight%.
  • nonionic surfactant which is one component of the heavy oil fuel additive according to the present invention prevents the formation of sludge and redisperses the produced sludge into fine particles.
  • nonionic surfactants exhibit a repulsive action due to steric hindrance to form a stable dispersion system, and when used together with an ionic material such as an oil soluble metallic compound, the dispersion performance is greatly improved.
  • nonionic surfactants used in the present invention are not particularly limited in kind, such as esters, ethers, fatty acid amides, aliphatic amine derivatives, and ester nonionic surfactants, esters of sorbitan and fatty acids, and pentaeryth.
  • Nonionic surfactants include polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ethers, alkyl polyglycosides, and the like.
  • Fatty acid amide-based nonionic surfactants include fatty acid dialkanolamides, fatty acid monoalkanolamides, and polyoxyethylene.
  • Fatty acid baby Maad and the like, and aliphatic amine derivative nonionic surfactants include polyoxyethylene alkylamine and the like.
  • the nonionic surfactants used in the present invention are esters of sorbitan and fatty acids, esters of polyethylene glycol and fatty acids, considering the effects of reducing the flash point and kinematic viscosity, minimizing the generation of dust and residual carbon, and compatibility with other components. It is preferably composed of one or more selected from esters of polyethylene glycol sorbitan and fatty acids. Examples of esters of sorbitan and fatty acids include sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan monolaurate, and the like.
  • ester of the polyethylene glycol sorbitan and the fatty acid examples include polyethylene glycol sorbitan monooleate.
  • ester of the polyethylene glycol and fatty acid examples include polyethylene glycol dilaurate, polyethylene glycol monooleate, polyethylene glycol dioleate, polyethylene glycol monolysine oleate (Polyethylene glycol monoricinoleate), polyethylene glycol monostearate, and the like.
  • the content of the nonionic surfactant is based on the total weight of the composition in consideration of the effect of reducing the flash point and kinematic viscosity, minimizing the generation of dust and residual carbon, and compatibility with other components. It is preferable that it is 8-15 weight%.
  • Detergent which is one component of the fuel additive for heavy oil according to the present invention, serves to decompose secondary oxides and combustion products to reduce the formation of precipitates on the surface of metal parts.
  • the cleaning agent used in the present invention is an alkali metal salt of a known sulfonate.
  • the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal is preferably selected from calcium, magnesium, sodium or barium.
  • the cleaning agent in the form of a metal salt may comprise a metal in near or in stoichiometric amount. In the latter case, it is treated as a so-called overbased detergent.
  • the overbased detergent is a metal salt that is soluble in oil, and appears as a micelle composed of insoluble metal salts held in suspension in a fuel oil composition described later.
  • the overbased nature of the detergent is characterized by the total base number (TBN), measured according to the ASTM D2896 standard, expressed in mg of KOH per gram.
  • TBN total base number
  • the overbased detergent itself typically has a TBN value of at least about 150, or at least 250 or 450.
  • the detergent is preferably an overbased detergent in consideration of synergies with other components.
  • the overbased detergent in the present invention preferably has a TBN of 200 or more, more preferably 300 or more.
  • Overbased processes are well known in the art and typically include reacting an acidic substance with an organic acid or metal salt thereof, a reaction mixture containing a metal compound.
  • the acidic substance may be a gas such as carbon dioxide or sulfur dioxide, or may be boric acid.
  • Methods of making overbased alkali metal sulfonates and phenates are described in US Pat. No. 4,839,094. Suitable methods for overbased sodium sulfonates are described in EP-A-235929. Methods of making overbased salicylates are described in US Pat. No. 5,451,331.
  • overbased detergents include T106 (Overbased Heavy alkyl benzene synthetic calcium sulfonate (CAS No. 61789-86-4) by Anneng Chemical Co., Ltd.), CALCINATE TM C-300CS by Chemtura Corporation, Chevron OLOA 246S (Sulfonic acids, petroleum, calcium salts, overbased; CAS No. 68783-96-0) from Chemical Company.
  • the overbased sulfonate-based detergent of CAS No. 68783-96-0 has a structure of Formula 1
  • the overbased sulfonate-based detergent of CAS No. 115733-10-3 has a structure of Formula 2.
  • the fuel additive for heavy oil 7 to 15 weight based on the total weight of the composition in consideration of the combustion improvement effect, the NOx reduction effect, the minimization of dust and residual carbon generation or the compatibility with other components of the cleaning agent It is preferable that it is%.
  • the heavy oil-based fuel oil according to the present invention comprises a heavy oil and the fuel additive for heavy oil described above.
  • the heavy oil is not limited in kind, and may be A heavy oil, B heavy oil, C heavy oil (or bunker C oil) or a mixed heavy oil thereof.
  • the content of the fuel additive for heavy oil in the fuel oil is not significantly limited, but the effect of reducing the flash point and kinematic viscosity of the fuel additive, the effect of minimizing the generation of dust and residual carbon, the effect of reducing NOx and improving the combustion efficiency, the economical efficiency of the fuel oil Considering these, it is preferable that it is 0.001-0.5 weight part per 100 weight part of heavy oil, and it is more preferable that it is 0.005-0.1 weight part.
  • the fuel additive of the present invention When a small amount (0.025%) of the fuel additive of the present invention is added to heavy oil, generation of particulate matter (PM), residual carbon, and nitrogen oxide during combustion can be reduced. In addition, when a small amount (0.025%) of the fuel additive of the present invention is added to the heavy oil, the maximum combustion pressure increases during combustion, while the exhaust temperature decreases, thereby improving combustion efficiency. Therefore, the fuel additive of the present invention is very useful for large boilers, especially large diesel engines, which use heavy oil as fuel.
  • 1 is a schematic diagram of an experimental apparatus for an engine used in the present study.
  • 2 is a chart showing the increase and decrease ratio of the output at each load according to whether the fuel additive is added in the present study.
  • 3 is a chart showing the results of fuel consumption according to whether the fuel additive is added in the present study.
  • 5 is a chart showing the exhaust temperature after combustion of the engine at each load according to whether the fuel additive is added in the present study.
  • Applicants of the present invention attempted to reduce fuel costs by adding a predetermined fuel additive (containing a soluble calcium-based organometallic compound as one component) to heavy oil for ships. Specifically, a method of reducing fuel costs by introducing a predetermined amount of a fuel additive (containing a soluble calcium-based organometallic compound as one component) (0.025% of the amount of fuel used) was attempted. For the accuracy of the experiment, a two-stroke large diesel engine installed in a land power plant was used. The engine load was divided into low, medium and high loads (50, 75, 100%), and the engine performance before and after the fuel additive was added (output, fuel consumption rate, maximum combustion pressure (P-max), exhaust temperature). ) was analyzed. Through this experiment, the fuel additive was added to reduce the fuel cost by more than 2% at low load (50%). The maximum combustion pressure was increased while the exhaust temperature was decreased.
  • a study performed by the applicant of the present invention will be described in detail.
  • Benzenesulfonic acid mono-C15-30-branched alkyl and di-C11-13-branched and linear alkyl derivs., Calcium salts; CAS No. 71486-79-8) 23 parts by weight, dimethyl carbonate (Dimethyl carbonate) 32 parts by weight, hydrotreated light distillate (CAS No. 64742-47-8) 18 parts by weight, hydrotreated heavy paraffinic distillate; CAS No. 64742- 54-7) 5 parts by weight, 12 parts by weight of sorbitan monooleate (CAS No.
  • the target equipment for the performance test is a 40MW generator, a diesel engine generator, manufactured and installed by Doosan Engine.
  • Table 2 shows the properties of the fuels used in this study, and shows the fuel properties of the heavy oil before the fuel additive is added to the marine heavy oil and the fuel additive at the ratio of 0.025%.
  • Fuel additives were additives containing oil-soluble calcium-based organometallic compounds. Fuel component analysis for each fuel was analyzed by requesting a domestic fuel analysis agency to take three samples during the experiment for accurate component analysis of the fuel.
  • the fuel additive injection facility installed a dosing pump to automatically supply a certain amount around the control tank, and the supply position was connected to the supply pipe to supply the fuel control tank.
  • the engine power was measured by a local integrated power meter and a control room instrument, and the fuel consumption was referred to the on-site mass flow meter reading installed on the fuel oil supply line.
  • Table 3 shows the dosing pump and mass flowmeter specifications.
  • Engine power was measured in three stages: low, medium and high loads (50, 75 and 100%). At the low load of 50% of the engine load, the average value was measured four times, and at the medium load of 75% and the high load of 100%, the average value was measured seven times. Table 4 shows the rate of increase and decrease of the output at each load, and Figure 2 shows the results graphically. At 50% of low load, the output decreased by 2.1%, but at 75% of medium load and 100% of high load, it increased by 1.6 and 0.4% respectively. These results indicate that the output is improved by completely burning unburned fuel with the fuel additive effect at 75% or more load. This engine power value is the value of the measured power value corrected to the design Gen power factor value. The results show that the fuel additives in heavy oil improve the engine power in the medium and high load ranges rather than the low loads.
  • Table 5 and Figure 3 show the results of the fuel consumption rate. The average of four measurements was shown at 50% of engine load and at medium and high loads of 75 and 100%. At low loads, fuel consumption decreased by 2.2%, and at medium and high loads, 0.7 and 0.8%, respectively. This result is judged to be the result of the combustion promotion. That is, it was confirmed that fuel economy was improved at full load by adding fuel additive to heavy oil. In particular, the rate of decrease in fuel consumption was higher at low loads than at medium and high loads.
  • Table 6 and Figure 4 show the results of the maximum combustion pressure of the engine. Each value was measured after all 12 cylinders and the average value was displayed. At low loads, the maximum combustion pressure increased by about 3.0%, and at medium and high loads, they increased by about 6.6 and 0.9%, respectively. In other words, it was confirmed that the maximum combustion pressure was increased at all loads by adding fuel additives to the heavy oil for ships. In particular, it shows a high rate of increase at 75% of the commercial load of the engine. As shown in Table 2, it is analyzed that the combustion performance is improved by actively promoting engine combustion by the action of oxygen contained in the fuel additive.
  • Table 7 and Figure 5 show the exhaust temperature after combustion of the engine at each load. Each value was measured after all 12 cylinders and the average value was displayed. At low loads, the exhaust temperature decreased by about 2.7%, and at medium and high loads, about 2.4 and 0.6%. That is, it was confirmed that the exhaust temperature is reduced at full load by adding the fuel additive to the heavy oil. This is because asphaltenes and sludge contained in the heavy oil are dispersed well by the dispersant included in the fuel additive, so that it is possible to achieve a stable combustion by bringing fuel atomization and homogenization effect.
  • Table 8 shows the change in the emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) with or without the addition of fuel additives
  • Table 9 shows the change in emissions of particulate matter (Particulate Matter, PM) depending on whether the fuel additive is added.
  • the fuel additive of the present invention was added to the heavy oil and combusted, the generation of nitrogen oxides and particulate matters was greatly reduced.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un additif pour combustible pour un fuel lourd sous une forme de composition, comprenant : un composé métallique soluble dans le pétrole ; un oxygénateur ; un dispersant ; un lubrifiant ; un tensioactif non ionique ; et un détergent. Si une petite quantité (0,025 %) de l'additif de la présente invention est ajoutée à du fuel lourd, la génération de matière particulaire (MP), d'atomes de carbone résiduels, d'oxydes d'azote et analogues lors d'une combustion, peut être réduite. En outre, si une petite quantité (0,025 %) des additifs de la présente invention est ajoutée à du fuel lourd, l'efficacité de combustion peut être améliorée étant donné que, lors d'une combustion, une pression de combustion maximale est augmentée, tandis qu'une température d'échappement est abaissée. Ainsi, l'additif pour combustible de la présente invention est très utile pour une chaudière de grande taille utilisant du fuel lourd en tant que combustible, en particulier, un grand moteur diesel.
PCT/KR2016/008816 2015-09-17 2016-08-11 Additif pour combustible destiné à réduire les gaz à effet de serre, les oxydes d'azote et la matière particulaire WO2017047932A1 (fr)

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CN201680019547.3A CN107429180B (zh) 2015-09-17 2016-08-11 减少温室气体、氮氧化物及颗粒物的燃料添加剂
DK16846753.8T DK3351610T3 (da) 2015-09-17 2016-08-11 Brændstofadditiv til reduktion af drivhusgasser, nitrogenoxider og partikelstoffer
EP16846753.8A EP3351610B1 (fr) 2015-09-17 2016-08-11 Additif pour combustible destiné à réduire les gaz à effet de serre, les oxydes d'azote et la matière particulaire

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