WO2017022354A1 - 電池制御装置 - Google Patents
電池制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017022354A1 WO2017022354A1 PCT/JP2016/068451 JP2016068451W WO2017022354A1 WO 2017022354 A1 WO2017022354 A1 WO 2017022354A1 JP 2016068451 W JP2016068451 W JP 2016068451W WO 2017022354 A1 WO2017022354 A1 WO 2017022354A1
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- battery
- secondary battery
- current
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
- B60W10/26—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
- H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
- H02J7/007194—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature of the battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
- H02J7/1423—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle with multiple batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6561—Gases
- H01M10/6563—Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
- H02J7/143—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle with multiple generators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a battery control device for a secondary battery.
- the instantaneous energy efficiency of the entire system and the characteristic deterioration of the secondary battery are in a contradictory relationship.
- the power supply for the above-described use has a long use period, it is desirable to use a secondary battery so that the energy efficiency of the entire assumed use period is maximized.
- it is necessary to control the charge / discharge amount of the secondary battery so that the characteristic deterioration of the secondary battery falls within a predetermined range.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for determining the open circuit potentials of a positive electrode and a negative electrode by quantitatively evaluating the deterioration states of the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the electrolyte solution in a nondestructive manner by using a charge / discharge curve of a secondary battery. Is described.
- Patent Document 1 describes a method for determining the state of a secondary battery.
- the charge / discharge curve of the secondary battery is reproduced by calculation based on the charge / discharge curve of the positive electrode / negative electrode alone stored in advance, It describes a method for obtaining the positive electrode potential and the negative electrode potential corresponding to the effective weight of the active material, the effective weight of the negative electrode active material, the capacity deviation between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the open circuit voltage of the secondary battery.
- the control of the secondary battery using the acquired positive electrode potential and negative electrode potential can achieve higher safety of the secondary battery and suppression of characteristic deterioration than control based on the previous battery voltage. Yes.
- Patent Document 1 the state determination method and the characteristic deterioration suppression method described in Patent Document 1 are methods relating to the capacity of the secondary battery, and a method for controlling an increase in the internal resistance of the secondary battery is not disclosed.
- the battery control device includes a storage unit in which first data indicating a positive electrode resistance increase rate of a secondary battery and second data indicating a negative electrode resistance increase rate are stored in advance, and a battery resistance increase rate of the secondary battery.
- a first correlation representing a correlation between the upper limit current of the secondary battery, the battery charge state, and the temperature based on the allowable range, the battery charge state, the positive electrode charge state, the negative electrode charge state, and the first and second data
- a correlation calculation unit that calculates a second correlation representing a correlation between the lower limit current of the secondary battery, the battery charge state, and the temperature, and the first correlation and the second correlation calculated by the correlation calculation unit Based on the relationship, the current of the secondary battery is controlled.
- the characteristic deterioration rate of the secondary battery can be controlled based on the internal resistance of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the secondary battery.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a battery system including the battery control device of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a battery control device.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of battery control using the data table DT1.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a method for calculating the data table DT1 according to the deterioration state.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of the positive and negative data table DT2 having a capacity of 1.2 Ah.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a positive electrode potential curve and a negative electrode potential curve.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the application range at the time of deterioration in the data table DT2 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a data table DT1 at the present time (during deterioration).
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a comparison of control results when current control is performed under three types of conditions.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a part of the data table DT1 for a secondary battery having a capacity of 1.2 (Ah) and an internal resistance of 50 (m ⁇ ).
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a battery system including the battery control device of the present embodiment.
- a battery system 100 shown in FIG. 1 is a battery system of a hybrid electric vehicle.
- the hybrid electric vehicle shown in FIG. 1 includes two vehicle driving systems, one of which uses an engine 120, which is an internal combustion engine, as a power source.
- Engine system The engine system is mainly used as a drive source for HEV.
- the other is an in-vehicle electric system using motor generators 192 and 194 as a power source.
- the in-vehicle electric system is mainly used as a drive source and a power generation source of a hybrid electric vehicle.
- the motor generators 192 and 194 are, for example, synchronous machines or induction machines, and operate as both a motor and a generator depending on the operation method.
- a front wheel axle 114 is rotatably supported at the front portion of the vehicle body.
- a pair of front wheels 112 are provided at both ends of the front wheel axle 114.
- a rear wheel axle (not shown) is rotatably supported on the rear portion of the vehicle body.
- a pair of rear wheels are provided at both ends of the rear wheel axle.
- the hybrid electric vehicle of this embodiment employs a so-called front wheel drive system in which the main wheel driven by power is the front wheel 112 and the driven wheel to be driven is the rear wheel. A method may be adopted.
- a front wheel side differential gear (hereinafter referred to as “front wheel side DEF”) 116 is provided at the center of the front wheel axle 114.
- the front wheel axle 114 is mechanically connected to the output side of the front wheel side DEF 116.
- the output shaft of the transmission 118 is mechanically connected to the input side of the front wheel side DEF 116.
- the front wheel side DEF 116 is a differential power distribution mechanism that distributes the rotational driving force that is shifted and transmitted by the transmission 118 to the left and right front wheel axles 114.
- the output side of the motor generator 192 is mechanically connected to the input side of the transmission 118.
- the output side of the engine 120 and the output side of the motor generator 194 are mechanically connected to the input side of the motor generator 192 via the power distribution mechanism 122.
- Motor generators 192 and 194 and power distribution mechanism 122 are housed inside the casing of transmission 118.
- the motor generators 192 and 194 are synchronous machines having a permanent magnet on the rotor, and the AC power supplied to the armature windings of the stator is controlled by the motor controllers 140 and 142, thereby the motor generators 192 and 194. Is controlled.
- a secondary battery 136 is electrically connected to the motor controllers 140 and 142, and power can be exchanged between the secondary battery 136 and the motor controllers 140 and 142.
- the secondary battery 136 for example, a lithium ion battery is used.
- the first motor generator unit composed of the motor generator 192 and the motor controller 140 and the second motor generator unit composed of the motor generator 194 and the motor controller 142 are provided. And use them properly.
- the vehicle can be driven only by the power of the motor generator 192 by operating the first motor generator unit as an electric unit by the electric power of the secondary battery 136.
- the secondary battery 136 can be charged by operating the first motor generator unit or the second motor generator unit as a power generation unit with the power of the engine 120 or the power from the wheels to generate power.
- the secondary battery 136 is also used as a power source for driving a motor 195 of a cooling fan 196 that cools the secondary battery 136.
- DC power is supplied from the secondary battery 136 to the inverter device 43, converted into AC power by the inverter device 43, and supplied to the motor 195 for driving the cooling fan.
- the secondary battery 136 is controlled by the battery control device 138.
- the battery control device 138 is an electronic circuit composed of a plurality of electronic circuit components, and is functionally divided into two layers of a higher control unit and a lower control unit.
- the lower control unit manages and controls the states of the plurality of battery cells that constitute the secondary battery 136. Specifically, each voltage and abnormality (overcharge / discharge) of the plurality of battery cells are detected, and the state of charge between the plurality of battery cells is adjusted.
- the host control unit manages and controls the state of the secondary battery 136. Specifically, the charging state and the deterioration state of the secondary battery 136 are estimated and calculated, and an allowable value for charging and discharging the secondary battery 136 is calculated and provided to the motor controllers 140 and 142, and the allowable values are calculated. The charging / discharging of the secondary battery 136 is controlled within the range.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the battery control device 138.
- the battery control device 138 includes a storage unit 1381, a DT1 calculation unit 1382, a DT3 calculation unit 1383, a DT4 calculation unit 1384, and a current control unit 1385.
- the storage unit 1381 stores in advance an initial state data table DT1 (details will be described later) shown in FIG. As will be described later, when the battery system is activated, a data table DT1 corresponding to the battery deterioration state at that time is calculated and stored in the storage unit 1381.
- the data table DT1 is a data table that defines the upper limit current Imax and the lower limit current Imin with respect to the charging state Q and the temperature T of the secondary battery 136.
- the data table DT1 shown in FIG. 11 shows a part of the data table in the initial state where the secondary battery 136 is not deteriorated, and has a capacity of 1.2 (Ah) and an internal resistance. 50 (m ⁇ ).
- the state of charge Q is represented by the amount of discharge from the fully charged state of the secondary battery 136.
- FIG. 11A shows the upper limit current Imax
- FIG. 11B shows the lower limit current Imin.
- the upper limit current Imax corresponds to a current that increases the internal resistance by 3 (m ⁇ ) per year
- the lower limit current Imin corresponds to a current that increases the internal resistance by 2 (m ⁇ ) per year.
- the charging state Q of the secondary battery 136 in the data table DT1 for example, the discharge capacity from the fully charged state to the fully discharged state is divided into 100, and the fully charged state is expressed as 100 and the fully discharged state is expressed as 0. There is. Alternatively, there is a method of using the amount of discharge from the fully charged state, the amount of charge from the fully discharged state, or the open circuit voltage of the secondary battery 136 as the charged state.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of battery control using the data table DT1, which is executed by the battery control device 138.
- the flowchart of FIG. 3 starts when an output request to the motor generator 192, which is a main energy consuming part, occurs.
- description will be made assuming that the state of the secondary battery 136 is an initial state without deterioration. That is, the data table DT1 of FIG. 11 is used.
- the data table DT1 corresponding to the deterioration state of the secondary battery 136 is calculated when the system is activated, the data table DT1 shown in FIG. 11 is used until the new data table DT1 is calculated.
- the battery control in FIG. 3 is executed using the calculated data table DT1.
- step S100 the battery control device 138 reads from the storage unit 1381 the battery voltage V, temperature T, charge state Q, and internal resistance R, which are measured or calculated in advance.
- the battery voltage V is the voltage of the battery cell constituting the secondary battery 136
- the average value of the battery cell voltage detected by the above-described lower control unit or the measured voltage of the secondary battery 136 is the battery. A voltage converted per cell is used.
- step S110 the required current Ireq is calculated from the required output Preq from the motor controller 140, the battery voltage V, and the internal resistance R using, for example, the following equation (1).
- Preq (V ⁇ Ireq ⁇ R) ⁇ Ireq (1)
- step S120 the upper limit current Imax and the lower limit current Imin corresponding to the read charge state Q and temperature T are read from the data table DT1.
- step S130 it is determined whether the required current Ireq is equal to or less than the upper limit current Imax. If it is determined in step S130 that the required current Ireq ⁇ the upper limit current Imax, the process proceeds to step S140, and if it is determined that the required current Ireq> the upper limit current Imax, the process proceeds to step S170.
- step S140 it is determined whether the required current Ireq is equal to or higher than the lower limit current Imin. If it is determined in step S140 that the required current Ireq ⁇ the lower limit current Imin, the process proceeds to step S160, and if it is determined that the required current Ireq ⁇ the lower limit current Imin, the process proceeds to step S150.
- step S160 that is, when it is determined that the required current Ireq is equal to or lower than the upper limit current Imax and equal to or higher than the lower limit current Imin, the battery control device 138 causes the secondary battery 136 to output the required current Ireq.
- the case of the data table DT1 in FIG. 11 will be specifically described.
- the temperature of the secondary battery 136 is 40 ° C.
- the voltage is 4.0 (V)
- the charge state is zero discharge amount. 5 (Ah)
- the internal resistance is 50 (m ⁇ ).
- the required current Ireq is calculated to be about 5.9 (A) from Equation (1).
- the upper limit current is about 9.5 (A) and the lower limit current is about 3.0 (A). Accordingly, the process proceeds from step S130 to step S140 to step S160, and the battery control device 138 outputs a current having a current value of 5.9 (A) from the secondary battery 136.
- step S130 determines whether the required current Ireq> the upper limit current Imax. If it is determined in step S130 that the required current Ireq> the upper limit current Imax, the battery control device 138 outputs the upper limit current Imax from the secondary battery 136 in step S170, and further, the motor generator 194 is turned on in step S180. A power generation operation is performed, and a current corresponding to the difference between the required current Ireq and the upper limit current Imax is supplied to the motor generator 192.
- step S190 it is determined whether or not the battery temperature T satisfies a predetermined condition. If not, the process proceeds to step S200, and the cooling fan 196 is rotated so that the battery temperature T satisfies the predetermined condition. The output of the motor 195 is adjusted. Examples of the condition at this time include a condition that the battery temperature T is not less than a predetermined minimum temperature Tmin and not more than a maximum temperature Tmax. In the data table DT1, there is a condition that when the battery temperature T is decreased or increased by a certain amount from the current value, the value of the upper limit current Imax is increased by a certain amount or more.
- step S170 to step S200 will be specifically described using the data table DT1 shown in FIG.
- the battery temperature is 40 ° C.
- the voltage is 4.0 (V)
- the internal resistance Is 50 m ⁇ .
- the required current Ireq is calculated to be about 11.7 (A) by the above-described equation (1).
- the upper limit current Imax is about 9.5 (A) and the lower limit current Imin is about 3.0 (A). Therefore, in this case, since the required current Ireq exceeds the upper limit current Imax, the battery control device 138 causes the secondary battery 136 to output 9.5 (A) that is the upper limit current Imax (step S170). At the same time, the motor generator 194 is caused to perform a power generation operation to supply the motor generator 192 with a current of 2.1 (A) that is the difference between the required current Ireq and the upper limit current Imax (step S180).
- step S170 since the generated current and the output of the motor 195 are increased by the processing from step S170 to step S200, the energy efficiency of the entire system temporarily decreases.
- the battery temperature T decreases, the characteristic deterioration of the secondary battery 136 is suppressed, and the decrease in the energy efficiency of the entire system over the assumed usage period is suppressed.
- step S140 If it is determined in step S140 that the required current Ireq ⁇ the lower limit current Imin, the process proceeds to step S150, and the output of the motor 195 is reduced or stopped. Thereafter, the process proceeds to step S160, and the required current Ireq is output from the secondary battery 136.
- the function of controlling the temperature T of the secondary battery 136 is lowered, so that the characteristic deterioration of the secondary battery 136 proceeds.
- the energy efficiency increases.
- the required current Ireq is calculated to be about 2.6 (A) by the above equation (1).
- the upper limit current Imax is about 9.5 (A) and the lower limit current Imin is about 3.0 (A). . Therefore, in this case, the required current Ireq is lower than the lower limit current Imin.
- the battery control device 138 outputs a required current of 2.6 (A) from the secondary battery 136. At the same time, the output of the motor 195 is reduced, and the temperature adjustment function of the secondary battery 136 is lowered.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a method for calculating the data table DT1 according to the deterioration state. The process of FIG. 4 is executed when the battery system is started, that is, when the hybrid electric vehicle shown in FIG. 1 is started. That is, each time the hybrid electric vehicle is started, the data table DT1 corresponding to the deterioration state of the secondary battery 136 at that time is calculated.
- the storage unit 1381 (see FIG. 2) of the battery control device 138 has resistance increase rates Rp ′ (Qp, T, I), Rn ′ (Qn, T, I) for each of the positive electrode and the negative electrode constituting the battery.
- Data table (hereinafter referred to as data table DT2) is stored in the storage unit in advance.
- the resistance increase rate Rp ′ depends on the state of charge Qp of the positive electrode, the temperature T of the battery, and the current I flowing through the battery.
- the resistance increase rate Rn ' depends on the charge state Qn of the negative electrode, the battery temperature T, and the current I flowing through the battery.
- the resistance increase rates Rp ′ and Rn ′ may be determined as increase rates with respect to the current positive electrode resistance Rp and negative electrode resistance Rn, respectively, or increase rates with respect to appropriate reference values Rp0 and Rn0 of the positive electrode and negative electrode resistances. It may be determined as
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of the positive and negative data table DT2 having a capacity of 1.2 Ah.
- FIG. 5A shows a part of the positive electrode data table DT2, and the data when the temperature is 40 ° C. and the current values are 1 (A), 3 (A), and 10 (A) are shown.
- FIG. 5B shows a part of the negative electrode data table DT2, and the data when the temperature is 40 ° C. and the current values are 1 (A), 3 (A), and 10 (A) are shown.
- the vertical axis represents the rate of increase in resistance (% / year), and the horizontal axis represents the charged state of the positive electrode in terms of the amount of discharge.
- FIG. 5 is a data table DT2 in an initial state without battery deterioration.
- the resistance increase rate is an increase rate when the resistance value 50 (m ⁇ ) in the initial state is used as a reference.
- Step S300 In step S300 of FIG. 4, the DT1 calculation unit 1382 assumes the resistance value R of the secondary battery 136 at the present time, the resistance Re at the end of the assumed usage period (EOL: End of Life) of the secondary battery system, and the assumption. Based on the time te until the end of the use period, an allowable range of the resistance increase rate is calculated. The resistance Re and the time te are stored in the storage unit 1381 in advance.
- the battery voltage is measured by discharging a predetermined current value from the resting state for a predetermined time, and dividing the voltage difference from the battery voltage in the resting state by the current value.
- the resistance value R is measured, and the measured value is used as the current resistance value.
- the resistance value obtained as described above may be stored in advance, and the stored resistance value R may be read and used as the current resistance value.
- the method for calculating the allowable range of the resistance increase rate may be arbitrary.
- Step S310 the current control unit 1385 reads the data table DT2 stored in the storage unit 1381 in advance.
- Step S320 the DT3 calculation unit 1383 of the battery control device 138 creates a data table DT3 indicating the correspondence relationship between the charging state Q of the secondary battery 136, the charging state Qp of the positive electrode, and the charging state Qn of the negative electrode. .
- the creation method of the data table DT3 may be arbitrary. For example, there is a method described in Patent Document 1. Further, for example, the following methods can be mentioned.
- the DT3 calculation unit 1383 holds the battery capacity W0 in the initial state before deterioration, the current battery capacity W, and constants Dp and Dn.
- the current battery capacity W is calculated by a known method. For example, the state of charge (SOC: State of Charge) at that time is calculated from the voltage obtained when the system is inactive, and based on the integrated value of current (dIdt) between the inactive state and the inactive state and the change ⁇ SOC in the state of charge. Calculate the battery capacity (full charge capacity). Alternatively, the change in battery capacity may be estimated from the change in internal resistance.
- the charging state Q of the battery, the charging states Qp and Qn of the positive electrode and the negative electrode are expressed as discharge amounts (that is, discharge electric energy Ah) from the respective fully charged states.
- a negative electrode potential curve 102 and a battery voltage curve 103 show potential curves in the initial state.
- the negative electrode potential curve 105 and the battery voltage curve 106 show potential curves at the time of deterioration.
- the same positive electrode potential curve 101 is obtained in both the initial state and the deterioration state.
- the negative electrode potential curve 102 is shifted to the right by Dn ′, and the negative electrode charge state Qp at the time of deterioration corresponds to a charge state lower by Dn ′ (Ah) than the charge state Q in the initial state. is doing.
- Step S330 the DT4 calculation unit 1384 creates a data table DT4 indicating the correspondence between the battery charge state, temperature and current, and the battery resistance increase rate.
- the data table DT2 data table indicating the positive and negative resistance increase rates
- the data table DT3 created in step S320 are combined to generate data.
- a table DT4 (see FIG. 7) is created.
- the positive resistance increase rate Rp ′ is given to the positive charge state Qp, the battery temperature T, and the current value I as Rp ′ (Qp, T, I). ing.
- the rate of increase in resistance Rn ′ of the negative electrode is given to the charge state Qn of the negative electrode, the battery temperature T, and the current value I as Rn ′ (Qn, T, I).
- the battery resistance increase rate R ′ is in relation to the battery charge state Q, the battery temperature T, and the current value I as R ′ (Q, T, I). Is given.
- the resistance increase rate R ′ of the battery is represented by the sum of the resistance increase rate Rp ′ of the positive electrode and the resistance increase rate Rn ′ of the negative electrode.
- the data table DT2 of FIG. 5 it is necessary to convert the data table DT2 of FIG. 5 into positive and negative resistance increase rates Rp 'and Rn' given by the state of charge Q, temperature T and current value I of the battery. Therefore, the data table DT3 created in step S320, that is, the data table representing the correspondence relationship between the charging state Q of the battery at the current battery capacity and the charging states Qp, Qn of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is shown in FIG.
- a data table DT4 shown in FIG. 7 is generated from the data table DT2.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the application range at the time of deterioration in the data table DT2 shown in FIG.
- the positive electrode potential curve 101 is the same as the initial state even when it is deteriorated. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 8A, 0 (Ah) in the initial state corresponds to the fully charged state, and reaches the end voltage V1 in FIG. 6 at 1.0 (Ah).
- the negative electrode potential curve 105 is shifted to the right by Dn ′ (Ah) as shown in FIG. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 8B, the state of Dn ′ (Ah) in the initial state corresponds to the fully charged state. Then, when the state of charge becomes 1.2 (Ah), the final voltage V1 is reached.
- the resistance increase rate at the discharge amount Q (that is, the state of charge Q) is the sum of the resistance increase rate at the positive electrode discharge amount Q and the resistance increase rate at the negative electrode discharge amount Q + Dn ′.
- the resistance increase rate in the initial state shown in FIG. 7A is the sum of the resistance increase rates of the positive electrode and the negative electrode at the same discharge amount in FIGS. 5A and 5B.
- Step S340 Next, in step S340, the DT1 calculation unit 1382, the data table DT4 (FIG. 7) created in step S330, the upper limit value Rmax ′ of the battery resistance increase rate obtained in step S300, and the lower limit of the battery resistance increase rate. From the value Rmin ′, a data table DT1 indicating Imax (Q, T), Imin (Q, T), which is the relationship between the battery charge state Q, temperature T, upper limit current Imax, and lower limit current Imin, is created.
- the upper limit of the resistance increase rate The value Rmax ′ was 3.0 (m ⁇ / year), and the lower limit value Rmin ′ was 2.0 (m ⁇ / year).
- the reference resistance when calculating the rate of increase in resistance is 50 (m ⁇ )
- 3.0 (m ⁇ / year) is 5.5 (% / year)
- 2.0 (m ⁇ / year) is 4.0 (% / Year).
- a graph of the upper limit current Imax (Q, T) and the lower limit current Imin (Q, T) is the 40 ° C. line shown in FIGS. 11 (a) and 11 (b).
- a graph of the upper limit current Imax (Q, T) and the lower limit current Imin (Q, T) is a 40 ° C. line shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B.
- FIG. 9A and 9B A graph of the upper limit current Imax (Q, T) and the lower limit current Imin (Q, T) is a 40 ° C. line shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a data table DT1 at the present time (during deterioration).
- the line indicating the upper limit current Imax and the line indicating the lower limit current Imin can be obtained in the same manner for temperatures other than 40 ° C. in FIG.
- the data table DT1 corresponding to the deterioration state of the secondary battery 136 can be calculated by the process shown in FIG. And the output control of the secondary battery 136 mentioned above is performed using the calculated present data table DT1. As a result, output control that accurately reflects the battery state (deterioration state) of the secondary battery 136 can be performed.
- the storage unit 1381 of the battery control device 138 has a positive charge state Qp and A data table DT10 relating to the relationship Rp (Qp, T) between the temperature T and the resistance Rp and a data table DT11 relating to the charging state Qn of the negative electrode and the relationship Rn (Qn, T) between the temperature T and the resistance Rn are prepared in advance. .
- R ′ (R0 + Rp + Rp0 ⁇ Rp ′ + Rn + Rn0 ⁇ Rn ′) / (R0 + Rp + Rn) or the like with respect to the reference values Rp0 and Rn0 of the positive and negative electrodes.
- the data table DT4 that is, R ′ (Q, T, I) is calculated.
- FIG. 10 compares the case where the current control shown in FIG. 3 is used and the case where it is not used.
- Condition A is when the data table DT1 is not updated
- Condition B is when the data table DT1 is updated
- Condition C is when the requested output to the secondary battery is output as it is.
- the upper limit value of the resistance increase rate is 2.57 (m ⁇ / year) and the lower limit value is 1.71 (m ⁇ / year).
- the battery temperature is 40 ° C.
- the battery voltage is 4.0 (V)
- the charge state is 0.25 (Ah) from the fully charged state.
- the heat capacity of the secondary battery was 15 (J / K), and the battery temperature became constant when the output of temperature adjustment was twice the Joule heat generation of the secondary battery. And it shows about the case where the required output to the secondary battery is 22 (W), 35 (W), 10 (W).
- condition A when the required output is 22 (W), the required current is equal to or less than the upper limit current of the data table DT1 (FIG. 2), and a current that satisfies the required output is output from the secondary battery.
- the required output is 35 (W)
- the required current is equal to or greater than the upper limit current of the data table DT1
- the output of the secondary battery is 31.4 (W) when the upper limit current is passed.
- the temperature control output was controlled under the condition of 4 times the Joule heat generation of the battery. As a result, the temperature after 10 seconds of the secondary battery decreased to 36.7 ° C.
- condition B when the required output is 22 (W) and 35 (W), the required current is equal to or higher than the upper limit current of the data table DT1 (FIG. 9), so the output of the secondary battery passed the upper limit current. 21.6 (W).
- the temperature control output was controlled under the condition of 4 times the Joule heat generation of the battery. As a result, the temperature after 10 seconds of the secondary battery decreased to 38.6 ° C.
- the required output is 10 (W)
- the required current is not less than the lower limit current and not more than the upper limit current of the data table DT1, so that the secondary battery outputs it as requested.
- condition C the secondary battery output as required, and the temperature was adjusted to offset Joule heat generation. Therefore, in any output, the temperature of the secondary battery is maintained at 40 ° C.
- the resistance increase was suppressed with respect to the condition C when the required output was 35 (W) or more.
- the target upper limit of resistance increase of 2.57 (m ⁇ / year) was exceeded.
- the target resistance increase rate was within an upper limit of 2.57 (m ⁇ / year) for any required output.
- the optimum current control according to the deterioration state of the secondary battery can be performed. Furthermore, by performing current control as shown in FIG. 3, it is possible to keep the target resistance increase rate within the upper limit. However, even when the secondary battery is continuously controlled using the data table DT1 (FIG. 11) of the upper and lower limit currents of the secondary battery in the initial state as in the condition A, the secondary battery is deteriorated as compared with the condition C. It can be close to the target value.
- the data table DT2 representing the positive resistance increase rate and the negative resistance increase rate of the secondary battery 136 is stored in the storage unit 1381 in advance. Then, in DT1 calculation unit 1382, allowable range (upper limit value Rmax ′ and lower limit value Rmin ′) of battery resistance increase rate of secondary battery 136, battery charge state Q, positive electrode charge state Qp, and negative electrode charge state Qn
- a data table DT1 representing the correlation between the upper limit current of the secondary battery 136, the battery charge state, and the temperature, and the correlation between the lower limit current of the secondary battery 136, the battery charge state, and the temperature is calculated. To do.
- the current control unit 1385 controls the current of the secondary battery 136 based on the data table DT1 calculated by the DT1 calculation unit 1382.
- the characteristic deterioration rate (that is, the secondary battery 136) , Increase in internal resistance) can be accurately controlled.
- the battery charge state Q, the positive electrode charge state Qp, and the negative electrode charge state Qn may be calculated by the DT3 calculation unit 1383.
- a data table DT2 representing the rate of increase in resistance of the positive electrode and the rate of increase in resistance of the negative electrode of the secondary battery 136, the charge state Q of the battery calculated by the DT3 calculation unit 1383, the charge state Qp of the positive electrode,
- a DT4 calculation unit 1384 is provided that calculates a data table DT4 indicating a battery resistance increase rate when the capacity of the secondary battery is reduced based on the state of charge Qn. Based on the allowable range of the battery resistance increase rate and the data table DT4 The data table DT1 may be calculated.
- the storage unit 1381 indicates a correlation between the positive charge state Qp of the secondary battery 136, the temperature T, and the resistance Rp, and the negative charge state Qn, the temperature T, and the resistance Rn.
- the data table DT11 to be expressed is further held, and the DT4 calculation unit 1384 is based on the resistance R0 other than the positive electrode and the negative electrode and the data table DT2 and the data tables DT10 and DT11 described above when the capacity of the secondary battery 136 is reduced.
- a data table DT4 representing the battery resistance increase rate may be calculated.
- the battery control device 138 includes a battery system as shown in FIG. 1, that is, a secondary battery 136, a motor generator 194 as a generator, and a motor generator as an electric motor driven by the current of the secondary battery 136.
- a battery system as shown in FIG. 1, that is, a secondary battery 136, a motor generator 194 as a generator, and a motor generator as an electric motor driven by the current of the secondary battery 136.
- the current control unit 1385 determines that the required current Ireq for the secondary battery 136 is larger than the upper limit current Imax based on the data table DT1
- the current control unit 1385 outputs the upper limit current Imax from the secondary battery 136 and the required current Ireq.
- a current corresponding to the difference from the upper limit current Imax is supplied from the motor generator 194 to the motor generator 192.
- the secondary battery 136 outputs the required current Ireq, and the secondary battery 136 causes the motor 195 to output the required current Ireq. Decrease the input current.
- the characteristic deterioration of the secondary battery 136 is accelerated when the characteristic deterioration of the secondary battery 136 is below the assumed range.
- the energy efficiency of the entire battery system can be improved, and the energy efficiency of the entire assumed use period of the battery system can be improved.
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Abstract
Description
後輪駆動方式を採用しても構わない。
次に、電池制御装置138による電池制御について説明する。図2は、電池制御装置138の一例を示すブロック図である。電池制御装置138は、記憶部1381、DT1演算部1382,DT3演算部1383、DT4演算部1384、電流制御部1385を備えている。記憶部1381には、図11に示す初期状態のデータテーブルDT1(詳細は後述する)が予め記憶されている。後述するように電池システムの起動時には、そのときの電池劣化状態に応じたデータテーブルDT1が算出され、記憶部1381に記憶される。
Preq=(V-Ireq・R)×Ireq …(1)
ところで、上述したように、電池システム起動時には、二次電池136の劣化状態に応じたデータテーブルDT1が算出され、そのデータテーブルDT1に基づいて図3の制御が行われる。図4は、劣化状態に応じたデータテーブルDT1の算出方法の一例を示すフローチャートである。図4の処理は、電池システムの起動時、すなわち図1に示したハイブリッド電気自動車の起動時において実行される。すなわち、ハイブリッド電気自動車の起動の度に、そのときの二次電池136の劣化状態に応じたデータテーブルDT1が算出される。
図4のステップS300では、DT1演算部1382は、現時点での二次電池136の抵抗値Rと、二次電池システムの想定利用期間の終了時(EOL:End of Life)の抵抗Reと、想定利用期間の終了時までの時間teに基づいて、抵抗上昇率の許容範囲を算出する。抵抗Reおよび時間teは、予め記憶部1381に記憶されている。
ステップS310では、電流制御部1385は、予め記憶部1381に保持されている前記データテーブルDT2を読み込む。
ステップS320では、電池制御装置138のDT3演算部1383において、二次電池136の充電状態Qと、正極の充電状態Qpと、負極の充電状態Qnとの対応関係を示すデータテーブルDT3が作成される。
ステップS330では、DT4演算部1384は、電池の充電状態および温度および電流と電池の抵抗上昇率の対応を示すデータテーブルDT4を作成する。データテーブルDT4の作成方法は種々あるが、ここでは、ステップS310で読み込んだデータテーブルDT2(正極、負極の抵抗上昇率を示すデータテーブル)と、ステップS320で作成したデータテーブルDT3とを組み合わせてデータテーブルDT4(図7参照)を作成する。
次いで、ステップS340では、DT1演算部1382は、ステップS330で作成したデータテーブルDT4(図7)と、ステップS300で求めた電池の抵抗上昇率の上限値Rmax’と、電池の抵抗上昇率の下限値Rmin’とから、電池の充電状態Q、温度Tと上限電流Imax、下限電流Iminとの関係である、Imax(Q,T)、Imin(Q,T)を示すデータテーブルDT1を作成する。
電池制御装置138の記憶部1381は、上述したデータテーブルDT2(図5に示すRp’(Qp,T,I),Rn’(Qn,T,I))に加えて、正極の充電状態Qpおよび温度Tと抵抗Rpとの関係Rp(Qp,T)に関するデータテーブルDT10と、負極の充電状態Qnおよび温度Tと抵抗Rnとの関係Rn(Qn,T)に関するデータテーブルDT11とを予め備えておく。そして、必要に応じて、正極と負極以外の抵抗R0を加えて、その後、電池の抵抗上昇率R’を適切な計算式によって算出する。例えば、R’=(Rp×Rp’+Rn×Rn’)/(Rp+Rn)やR’=(R0+Rp×Rp’+Rn×Rn’)/(R0+Rp+Rn)が挙げられる。あるいは、正極と負極の抵抗の基準値Rp0、Rn0に対して、R’=(R0+Rp+Rp0×Rp’+Rn+Rn0×Rn’)/(R0+Rp+Rn)などが挙げられる。このようにして、データテーブルDT4、すなわちR’(Q,T,I)が算出される。
図10は、図3に示した電流制御を用いた場合と、用いない場合とを比較したものである。条件AはデータテーブルDT1を更新しない場合であり、条件BはデータテーブルDT1を更新する場合、条件Cは二次電池への要求出力をそのまま出力した場合である。ここでは、初期状態において、容量1.2(Ah)、内部抵抗50(mΩ)、Dp=Dn=0の二次電池が、容量1.0(Ah)、内部抵抗60(mΩ)、Dp=0、Dn=0.2の状態に劣化した場合における制御を示す。すなわち、条件Aの制御では、図2に示すデータテーブルDT1を使用し、条件Bの制御では図9に示すデータテーブルDT1を使用する。
(a)電池制御装置138では、記憶部1381に、二次電池136の正極の抵抗上昇率および負極の抵抗上昇率を表すデータテーブルDT2が予め保持されている。そして、DT1演算部1382では、二次電池136の電池抵抗上昇率の許容範囲(上限値Rmax’および下限値Rmin’)、電池の充電状態Q、正極の充電状態Qpおよび負極の充電状態QnとデータテーブルDT2とに基づいて、二次電池136の上限電流と電池充電状態と温度との相関、および、二次電池136の下限電流と電池充電状態と温度との相関を表すデータテーブルDT1を算出する。電流制御部1385は、DT1演算部1382で算出されたデータテーブルDT1に基づいて、二次電池136の電流を制御する。
Claims (5)
- 二次電池の正極抵抗上昇率を示す第1データおよび負極抵抗上昇率を表す第2データが予め保持されている記憶部と、
二次電池の電池抵抗上昇率の許容範囲、電池充電状態、正極充電状態および負極充電状態と前記第1および第2データとに基づいて、二次電池の上限電流と電池充電状態と温度との相関を表す第1相関関係、および、二次電池の下限電流と電池充電状態と温度との相関を表す第2相関関係を算出する相関演算部と、を備え、
前記相関演算部で算出された第1相関関係および第2相関関係に基づいて、二次電池の電流を制御する電池制御装置。 - 請求項1に記載の電池制御装置において、
初期電池容量に対する容量低下に基づいて、前記電池充電状態、前記正極充電状態および前記負極充電状態を算出する充電状態算出部と、を備える電池制御装置。 - 請求項2に記載の電池制御装置において、
二次電池の正極抵抗上昇率を示す第1データおよび負極抵抗上昇率を表す第2データと、前記充電状態算出部で算出された電池充電状態、正極充電状態および負極充電状態とに基づいて、二次電池の容量低下時における電池抵抗上昇率を算出する電池抵抗上昇率演算部を備え、
前記相関演算部は、前記許容範囲と前記容量低下時における電池抵抗上昇率とに基づいて、前記第1相関関係および前記第2相関関係を算出する、電池制御装置。 - 請求項2に記載の電池制御装置において、
前記記憶部には、二次電池の正極充電状態と温度と抵抗との相関を表す第3相関関係と、負極充電状態と温度と抵抗との相関を表す第4相関関係とが、さらに保持され、
二次電池の正極および負極以外の抵抗と、前記第1データ、前記第2データ、前記第3相関関係および前記第4相関関係とに基づいて、二次電池の容量低下時における電池抵抗上昇率を算出する電池抵抗上昇率演算部を備え、
前記相関演算部は、前記許容範囲と前記容量低下時における電池抵抗上昇率とに基づいて、前記第1相関関係および前記第2相関関係を算出する、電池制御装置。 - 二次電池、発電機、前記二次電池の電流により駆動される電動機、および前記二次電池の電流により駆動される電池冷却装置を備える電池システムに設けられ、前記二次電池の電流を制御するために用いられる請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の電池制御装置であって、
前記第1相関関係に基づいて前記二次電池に対する要求電流が前記上限電流以下か否かを判定する第1判定部と、
前記第2相関関係に基づいて前記二次電池に対する要求電流が前記下限電流以上か否かを判定する第2判定部と、を備え、
前記第1判定部により前記要求電流が前記上限電流よりも大きいと判定されると、前記二次電池から前記上限電流を出力させるとともに、前記要求電流と前記上限電流との差分に相当する電流を前記発電機から前記電動機に供給させ、
前記第2判定部により前記要求電流が前記下限電流よりも小さいと判定されると、前記二次電池から前記要求電流を出力させるとともに、前記二次電池から前記電池冷却装置に入力される電流を減少させる、電池制御装置。
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