WO2017016124A1 - Procédé de régénération de cartouche de traitement et cartouche de traitement régénérée - Google Patents
Procédé de régénération de cartouche de traitement et cartouche de traitement régénérée Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017016124A1 WO2017016124A1 PCT/CN2015/096577 CN2015096577W WO2017016124A1 WO 2017016124 A1 WO2017016124 A1 WO 2017016124A1 CN 2015096577 W CN2015096577 W CN 2015096577W WO 2017016124 A1 WO2017016124 A1 WO 2017016124A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- process cartridge
- developing unit
- flexible
- accommodating chamber
- developer accommodating
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G21/00—Arrangements not provided for by groups G03G13/00 - G03G19/00, e.g. cleaning, elimination of residual charge
- G03G21/16—Mechanical means for facilitating the maintenance of the apparatus, e.g. modular arrangements
- G03G21/18—Mechanical means for facilitating the maintenance of the apparatus, e.g. modular arrangements using a processing cartridge, whereby the process cartridge comprises at least two image processing means in a single unit
- G03G21/1803—Arrangements or disposition of the complete process cartridge or parts thereof
- G03G21/181—Manufacturing or assembling, recycling, reuse, transportation, packaging or storage
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G21/00—Arrangements not provided for by groups G03G13/00 - G03G19/00, e.g. cleaning, elimination of residual charge
- G03G21/16—Mechanical means for facilitating the maintenance of the apparatus, e.g. modular arrangements
- G03G21/18—Mechanical means for facilitating the maintenance of the apparatus, e.g. modular arrangements using a processing cartridge, whereby the process cartridge comprises at least two image processing means in a single unit
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process cartridge regeneration method and a regeneration process cartridge, and more particularly to a process cartridge with a flexible developer accommodating cavity.
- a prior art electronic imaging device refers to an apparatus that forms an image on a recording medium using an electrophotographic image forming technique.
- it includes an electrophotographic copying machine, a laser beam printing device, an LED printing device, an electrophotographic facsimile machine, and the like.
- the process cartridge refers to a component that is detachably mounted in the above apparatus, which is involved in electrophotographic imaging, and the process cartridge is one or more.
- the process cartridge forms an image on a recording medium using toner.
- the toner is consumed as the image is formed, so that when the remaining amount of toner in the process cartridge is reduced due to the consumption of the toner until the process cartridge cannot form an image level satisfactory to the user, the service cartridge has a service life. End.
- the process cartridge can be put into service again for maintenance and regeneration. In doing so, we can maximize the use of existing resources to reduce the burden on the environment from the perspective of protecting the environment and reducing energy consumption.
- Regeneration of the process cartridge has also been carried out in the prior art, but there is currently no corresponding regeneration method for the process cartridge with a flexible developer containment chamber.
- the present invention provides a process cartridge with a flexible developer accommodating chamber which does not currently have a corresponding regeneration method to solve the technical problem that the prior art cannot regenerate a process cartridge with a flexible developer accommodating chamber.
- the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
- the process cartridge includes a developing unit, and further includes a flexible developer accommodating chamber disposed in the developing unit, and the method of regenerating the process cartridge includes the following steps:
- the step (b) further includes the following steps:
- the developer is filled or opened on the developing unit from the opening of the developing unit accommodating chamber. Fill the developer after opening.
- the location of the opening is at the identification mark.
- step (f) further comprising removing the stirring frame
- the step (b) further includes the following steps:
- the new flexible developer accommodating chamber is connected to the agitating frame, and when the agitating frame is rotated, the new flexible developer accommodating chamber is opened and the developer is supplied.
- a new seal member is connected to the new flexible developer accommodating chamber on one side, and the other side is coupled to the snap portion on the agitator.
- step (i) Also included in the step (i) is that the new seal is used to block the developer outlet on the new flexible developer accommodating chamber.
- the new cover body has a support portion of the agitating frame which is disposed on both ends in the longitudinal direction of the cover body, and the agitator support portion on one end is in a direction parallel to the longitudinal direction of the new cover body.
- a through groove is provided, and a plurality of grooves for fixing the new flexible developer accommodating chamber to the new one are disposed in a direction perpendicular to the new cover body on the inner side of the new cover body near the other end support portion of the agitator a fixing portion on the cover.
- the new flexible developer accommodating chamber in the step (b) is provided with a developer outlet, and a flexible seal seals the developer outlet, and the flexible seal has a free end provided from the stirring frame support portion.
- the slot passes.
- the fixing portion is disposed on an end away from the through groove.
- the developing unit includes a developing frame, and a through groove is formed in the longitudinal end of the developing frame for allowing a free end of the flexible sealing member to pass through, and is inserted into the through groove by an elastic sealing member for sealing.
- a pad is further disposed between the flexible developer accommodating cavity and the flexible sealing member, and one end of the pad is provided with a protruding piece, and the protruding piece is connected to the fixing portion through a connection port.
- the present invention also provides a process cartridge formed by regenerating a flexible developer containing chamber regeneration method according to any of the foregoing.
- the present invention also provides a regeneration process cartridge characterized in that the regeneration process cartridge is regenerated by a regeneration method with a flexible developer accommodating chamber process cartridge as described above.
- the method of regenerating the process cartridge includes the steps of: (a) taking out the flexible developer accommodating chamber in the developing unit of the process cartridge from the developing unit; (b) filling the developer to Said A new flexible developer accommodating chamber is installed in the inner cavity of the developing unit of the process cartridge into the developing unit of the process cartridge.
- the present invention also provides a process cartridge comprising the modified one described in the foregoing, or a novel process cartridge for providing a process cartridge comprising a flexible developer receiving chamber.
- Figure 1 is a view showing the overall structure of a color image forming apparatus for processing a process cartridge of the present invention
- Figure 2 is a perspective view of the process cartridge before regeneration according to the present invention.
- Figure 3 is a structural view showing a process cartridge before regeneration according to the present invention.
- Figure 4 is a schematic view of a split processing cartridge
- Figure 5 is a schematic view of the split photosensitive unit
- Figure 6 is a schematic view of the resolution developing unit
- Figure 7 is a schematic view of the powder feeding roller member in the developing unit
- Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of the developing unit
- Figure 9 is a schematic view of the flexible developer accommodating chamber removed from the developing unit.
- Figure 10 is a schematic view showing the filling of the developer after the process cartridge is regenerated in the first embodiment
- Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the treatment of the developer filling port in the second embodiment
- Figure 12 is a schematic view showing a developer filled in the second embodiment
- Figure 13 is a schematic view showing the flexible developer chamber and the stirring frame in the developing unit disassembled in the third embodiment
- Figure 14 is a schematic view showing the installation of the repaired flexible developer cavity agitating frame
- Figure 15 is a schematic view showing the repair of the flexible developer chamber in the third embodiment
- Figure 16 is a schematic view showing the repair of the flexible developer chamber in the third embodiment
- Figure 17 is a schematic view showing the cutting cover of the fourth embodiment and the fifth embodiment
- Figure 18 is a schematic view showing the cover body, the flexible developer chamber and the stirring frame after the installation and repair of the embodiment 4;
- Figure 19 is a schematic view of a flexible developer accommodating chamber of the sixth embodiment with a flexible seal
- Figure 20 is a perspective view of the developing unit of the sixth embodiment with a flexible seal
- Figure 21 is a schematic view showing another flexible developer accommodating chamber of the sixth embodiment.
- Figure 22 is a schematic view showing the assembly of the seventh embodiment
- Figure 23 is a schematic view showing the assembled flexible developer accommodating chamber of the seventh embodiment
- Figure 24 is a cross-sectional view showing the regeneration process cartridge of the eighth embodiment.
- Fig. 1 shows a process cartridge of the present invention installed in the present invention.
- the main body 100 of the color electronic imaging device is provided with four developing cartridges (PK, PC, PM, PY), and each of the developing cartridges has a color developing agent, which is black (black), cyan (Cyan), and Red (Magenta), yellow (Yellow) four base color developers.
- a laser beam optical scanning system is disposed in the main body of the electronic imaging device, and a laser beam L is emitted for exposing the photosensitive member to form an electrostatic latent image, and then transferring the developer to the photosensitive member from the developing chamber to form a developer image.
- the developer image is transferred to a transfer belt disposed near the photosensitive member by a transfer system disposed in the main body of the electronic image forming apparatus, and the developer image is transferred to the transfer belt by the feed system in combination with the transfer system.
- Print media such as on paper.
- the developer image is then melted by heating by a heat fixing device in the image forming apparatus and then fixed on the printing medium.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the process cartridge before regeneration according to the present invention, four process cartridges PK, PC, PM, PY having different developers are detachably mounted in the color electronic imaging device, when the life of the process cartridge is exhausted, the user It is convenient to take out the process cartridge that has reached the end of life from the electronic image forming apparatus in order to replace the new process cartridge.
- the dismantled service cartridge that has been used up can be repaired or recycled after being recycled by a certain process.
- Figure 3 is a structural view showing a process cartridge before regeneration according to the present invention, as is well known to those skilled in the art, including a powder container portion 21, a waste toner box portion 22, and a connecting unit 2 for connecting the developing unit 21 and the photosensitive unit 22 The first end cap 23 and the second end cap 24.
- the developing unit 21 includes a powder frame 211 in which a developer chamber for accommodating the developer is disposed, and a stirring member for stirring the developer is further disposed in the developer chamber, and the length direction of the powder container frame is further provided. a developer outlet, a powder feeding roller disposed near the developer outlet, a powder discharging knife and a developing roller 4 disposed in parallel with the powder feeding roller; and a powder feeding roller for conveying the developer in the developer chamber to the surface of the developing roller
- the powder discharging knife is used to contact the surface of the developing roller to control the thickness of the surface of the developing roller, and the developer is charged by friction.
- the photosensitive unit 22 includes a waste toner box frame 221 for supporting the photosensitive member 3 for accommodating the developer remaining on the surface of the photosensitive member after development, and the photosensitive member 3 is also a photosensitive drum unit rotatably disposed along the waste toner chamber The longitudinal direction of the frame is disposed, and a cleaning blade member is disposed under the photosensitive member 3 for cleaning the developer remaining on the surface of the photosensitive member 3, and a charging roller member is disposed adjacent to the photosensitive member 3 in the longitudinal direction of the waste toner box frame 221. Used to charge the photosensitive element.
- the process cartridge contains a rotating member including, for example, a stirring member, a powder feeding roller member, a developing roller member, a photosensitive member, a charging roller member, and the like. Further, an assembly for receiving power from the inside of the electronic image forming apparatus to drive the rotation of the rotating member in the process cartridge is provided at one end in the longitudinal direction of the process cartridge.
- a photosensitive member driving force receiving member 31 is provided at the end of the photosensitive member as shown in FIG. 3, and a portion of the gear 123 provided at the end of the developing roller 4, and a developing unit power receiving member also for receiving power from the inside of the electronic image forming apparatus. 122.
- a conductive element for contact with the conductive contacts in the electronic imaging device such as the drum pin 222 component shown in Figure 3, additionally provided as is well known to those skilled in the art.
- the charging roller and the developing roller conductive member are not shown in the drawings.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the split process cartridge.
- a tension spring 25 is disposed at one end of the process cartridge 2, and is developed.
- the frame end portions of the unit 21 and the photosensitive unit 22 are respectively provided with a barb portion for mounting the tension spring 25, and the developing unit 21 and the photosensitive unit 22 are connected together by the tension spring 25, so that the tension spring 25 is one end and developed The unit is connected and the other end is connected to the photosensitive unit.
- the conductive member drum shaft pin 222 is mounted on the end cover 24, which is referred to as a conductive end cover; and the end cover 23 disposed on the other end of the process cartridge 2 is provided in the same manner as the drive portion on the process cartridge.
- End, 23 is the drive end cap; the conductive end cap 24 and the drive end cap 23 jointly connect the developing unit 21 and the photosensitive unit 22 together.
- the conductive end caps 24 and the driving end caps 23 are not fixed to the respective unit frames by screws as in the conventional process, but are positioned by the positioning posts and the positioning holes, and then the plastic positioning posts and the positioning holes are welded. Bonding.
- the end caps at both ends are bonded and fixed to the frame on the photosensitive unit, and are not bonded and fixed to the frame on the developing unit, and the developing unit can have a certain rotating space with respect to the photosensitive unit. That is, before the process cartridge is unsplit, the end caps of the process cartridge are fixed relative to the photosensitive unit, and the developing unit has a certain rotational space around the axis.
- the method of splitting the developing unit 21 and the photosensitive unit 22 of the process cartridge 2 may be:
- step 1 the tension spring 25 is detached from the barb of the frame end portion of the photosensitive unit 22 and the barb on the end portion of the frame of the developing unit 21, respectively, and the pull-down spring 25 is taken.
- Step 2 using a tool such as a trowel, the conductive end cap 24 is opened, so that the portion that is originally bonded by the solder is separated, and the end cap 24 is detached from the photosensitive unit frame, so that the drum shaft pin 222 of the photosensitive member is electrically grounded remains. On the conductive end cap.
- Step 3 the developing unit 21 is grasped from the end from which the conductive end cover 24 is detached, and the developing unit 21 is taken out to separate the developing unit 21 from the photosensitive unit 22.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the split photosensitive unit.
- the photosensitive unit 22 includes a photosensitive member 3 whose surface is covered with a photosensitive coating for receiving laser signal irradiation in the electronic imaging device to form an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the photosensitive member, and further includes a charging member 5 and a photosensitive member.
- the elements 3 are arranged in parallel and are in contact with the surface of the photosensitive element 3 for charging the photosensitive element 3, the middle of the charging member 5 is a steel shaft, the surface is covered with a rubber layer, and the steel shaft portion is exposed at both ends; the frame 221 of the photosensitive unit 22 A charging member bracket is disposed at both ends for supporting both ends of the charging member 5; and a cleaning blade 6 is further disposed on the photosensitive unit frame 221 for contacting the surface of the photosensitive member 3, and removing the developing cartridge remains in the photosensitive The developer on the surface of the unit.
- the method of splitting the photosensitive unit can be:
- Step 1 Grab the end of the photosensitive element 3 near the conductive end, raise an angle, and pull out the photosensitive unit to disengage the photosensitive unit from the driving end cover 23.
- step 2 the steel shaft at one end of the charging member 5 is grasped to be separated from the corresponding bracket first, and the charging member 5 is pulled out to be separated from the bracket at the other end.
- step 3 the cleaning blade is fixed to the frame 221 by screws. Therefore, the screws 141, 142 at both ends of the cleaning blade are separately removed by using a tool, and the cleaning blade 6 is removed from the frame 221.
- Figure 6 is a schematic view of the resolution developing unit.
- the developing unit 21 includes a developing member 4 for transferring a developer to the photosensitive member 3 to form a developer image on the surface of the photosensitive member, and a powder discharging knife for controlling the thickness of the developer layer on the surface of the developing member.
- a member 7, and a powder feeding roller 8 that conveys the developer in the developer chamber to the surface of the developing member 4, and is provided at one end in the longitudinal direction of the developing unit for receiving power from the electronic image forming apparatus to transmit and drive the developing member 4,
- the powder feed roller 8 and the drive unit 12 that rotates in the developing chamber (not shown).
- the step of splitting the developing unit 21 may be:
- Step 1 Remove the screws 143 and 144, drive the assembly 12 and the end bracket 13.
- the screws 143 and 144 are for fixing the drive unit 12 provided at the end of the developing unit 21 to the frame 211 together with the end bracket 13 provided between the end of the drive unit 12 and the end of the developing unit frame 211.
- the drive assembly 12 and the end bracket 13 can be removed.
- Step 2 The developing member 4 is removed, and the developing member is collectively mounted by a positioning hole 42 provided at one end of the main frame of the developing unit 21, and a positioning hole 41 provided on the end bracket 13.
- Step 3 Remove the screws 145 and 146 that fix the powder knife at both ends of the powder discharging knife, and then remove the powder discharging knife 7.
- Step 4 Remove the powder feed roller 8.
- Figure 7 is a schematic view of the powder feed roller member in the developing unit. Referring to Fig. 7, a method of taking off the powder feed roller 8 in the developing unit, the powder feed roller 8 is supported on both ends in the longitudinal direction of the developing unit frame 211. Since the powder feeding roller 8 is composed of the mandrel 81 and the surface layer sponge material 82, and the surface layer material 82 is adhered to the mandrel circumferential surface layer, when one end of the mandrel 81 is grasped by hand or a tool, the powder feeding roller 8 is moved toward the frame.
- the surface sponge 8 of the powder feed roller 8 is contracted in the reverse direction to form a wrinkle, as shown in the portion 821 of the drawing.
- the other end of the powder feeding roller 8 is separated from the supporting end of the corresponding frame 211, and then one end of the powder feeding roller 8 from the supporting end is tilted at an angle away from the developing unit frame 211, and then the raised end is sent.
- the surface layer sponge 82 which is pressed and deformed on the powder feeding roller 8 returns to the original state, and the wrinkles disappear.
- Fig. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of the developing unit.
- a cross-sectional view of the developing unit 21, 211 is the main frame of the unit, and 212 is a cover connected to the main frame 211 by welding.
- a cavity is formed between the main frame 211 and the cover 212 for accommodating the developer.
- the developing cartridge accommodates the developer through a flexible developer accommodating chamber 9, which is different from the cavity formed directly between the main frame 211 and the lid 212 in the prior art.
- the flexible developer accommodating chamber is fixed to the cover 212.
- an agitating frame 10 is disposed along the longitudinal direction of the developing cartridge, the agitating frame 10 is rotatable, and 15 is a stirring blade provided on the agitating frame for intermittently tapping and developing by rotation a surface of the agent accommodating chamber; a sealing member 16 for a developer accommodating chamber for sealing the developer outlet on the developer accommodating chamber and being fixed to the stirring frame 10; the sealing member being connected to the flexible developer accommodating chamber by welding; Before the developing cartridge is used, the sealing member 16 seals the developer outlet, and when the developing cartridge is put into use for the first time, by rotating the stirring frame 10, the sealing member 16 is rotated, and when the sealing member 16 is rotated, the developer is accommodated.
- the chamber 9 is disengaged and the developer outlet is exposed, and the developer 17 in the developer accommodating chamber 9 flows out and is stirred by the agitator blade and transferred to the surface of the powder feeding roller 8, and the developer 17 is sent to the powder feeding roller 8 to The surface of the developing roller 4.
- the charging member 5, and the cleaning blade 6 are removed, the developer remaining in the photosensitive unit main frame 221 of the photosensitive unit 22 after being subjected to development is cleaned, and the photosensitive member 3, the charging member is removed. 5 and the surface of the cleaning blade 6 is cleaned (such as non-woven fabric), or the surface is cleaned by blowing or sucking; if the above components are damaged and affect the quality of the developing cartridge after regeneration, it needs to be replaced with a new one. component.
- Step 1 First, the repaired cleaning blade 6 is fixed to the photosensitive unit main frame 221 by screws 141 and 142.
- Step 2 Mounting the repaired charging member 6 to the brackets 61 and 62 at both ends of the photosensitive unit main frame 221 for fixing the supporting charging member 6.
- Step 3 One end of the photosensitive member 3 in which the repaired photosensitive member is loaded into the drive end cover 23 is inserted into the positioning hole 231, and the other end is placed on the photosensitive member supporting portion 2211 at one end of the main frame 221.
- the powder discharging blade 7, the driving assembly 12, the end bracket 13 and the powder feeding roller 8 on the developing unit 21 are detached from the developing unit, the above components are cleaned. If the above parts are damaged and affect the quality of the developing cartridge after regeneration, it needs to be replaced with a new one.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the flexible developer accommodating chamber detached from the developing unit.
- the developing unit 21 includes a developing unit main frame 211, and a cover 212 welded to the main frame 211; the cover 212 is provided with a plurality of fixing portions 21a, and the flexible developer accommodating chamber 9 is disposed at a corresponding position.
- the flexible developer accommodating chamber 9 is not recovered after use because it is wrinkled during use, and the developer adhered to the inner surface thereof is difficult to clean.
- the flexible developer accommodating chamber 9 is removed without being recycled.
- the developer accommodating chamber is removed by peeling off the fixing portion 21a of the flexible developer accommodating chamber 9 using a tool such as a tweezers, and after peeling off the respective fixing portions 21a, the flexible portion is detached from the developer outlet 213.
- the developer accommodating chamber is removed.
- the cavity in the developing unit 21 is cleaned by blowing, sucking, etc., the cavity and the components in the cavity, such as the stirring frame and the stirring blade.
- a suitable amount of the developer is filled from the developer outlet 213 using a tool such as a funnel 19, as shown in Fig. 10, which is a schematic view showing the filling of the developer after the process cartridge is regenerated in the first embodiment.
- the repaired powder feed roller 8 detached in the step is assembled into the developing unit main frame 211.
- the method is: grasping one end of the powder roller 8 core shaft 81, inserting the other end of the mandrel 81 into the powder feeding roller positioning hole provided on one end of the main frame of the developing unit, and then grasping one end of the inserted mandrel, facing Drag away from the direction of the main frame of the developing unit
- the powder feeding roller 8 is of course creased by the surface sponge of the surface of the powder feeding roller 8, when one end of the mandrel 81 of the powder feeding roller 8 is not inserted into the positioning hole and the inner side wall of the other end of the main frame of the developing unit When there is a gap therebetween, the other end of the mandrel of the powder feed roller 8 can be inserted into another positioning hole provided in the main frame 211 of the developing unit, thereby completing the mounting of the powder feed roller 8.
- the detached drive unit 12, the end bracket 13, the powder discharging knives 7, and the developing unit 4 are respectively assembled to the main frame 211 of the developing unit.
- the powder pulverizing blade 7 is installed first, and the powder discharging knives 7 are fixed to the developing unit main frame 211 by screws 145 and 146; then, the developing member 4 is mounted, and one end of the developing roller 4 is first inserted into the positioning hole 42 and then passed through the mounting end portion.
- the bracket 13 inserts the other end of the developing roller into the positioning hole 41; the drive assembly 12 is then assembled, and both are fixed to the end portions of the developing unit main frame 211 by the screws 143 and 144.
- the two parts are assembled to form a repaired developing cartridge.
- one end of the developing unit and the second end cover 24 are grasped, the other end of the developing unit is mounted into the first end cover 23, and the developing unit power receiving unit 122 on the driving unit of the developing unit 21 is inserted.
- the support hole 232 of the one end cover 23 is included.
- the second end cover 24 is assembled to the other end of the photosensitive unit 22 and the developing unit 21, and a tension spring 25 is assembled on the outer side surface of the second end cover 24, which is the end of the tension spring 25 hooked at the end of the developing unit On the hook portion, the other is hooked on the barb portion of the end of the photosensitive unit.
- the repairing and assembling method of the photosensitive unit refers to the repairing and assembling method of the photosensitive unit in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing the treatment of the developer filling port in the second embodiment. As shown in Fig. 11, on the bottom surface of the main frame 211 of the developing unit 21, a portion 2111a is cut from the main frame to present an opening 2111.
- the cut 2111a portion may be included as an identification mark on the surface of the housing, the identification mark protruding from the surface of the housing, the identification mark being a trademark or model code of the manufacturer that is provided to the user for identification or Information such as sales/production area and production date.
- the opening 2111 obtained after the cutting will serve as an inlet for filling the developer in the embodiment of the present embodiment.
- the powder discharging blade 7, the driving assembly 12, the end bracket 13 and the powder feeding roller 8 on the developing unit 21 are detached from the developing unit,
- the above components are clean. If the above components are damaged and affect the quality of the developing cartridge after regeneration, it needs to be replaced with new ones. And after the flexible developer accommodating chamber in the developing unit is removed as in the first embodiment, and the developing unit inner chamber and its inner member are cleaned.
- the respective components other than the developer are mounted to the main frame of the developing unit.
- Fig. 12 is a schematic view of the developer filled in the second embodiment. See Figure 12, using tooling (not shown)
- the developing unit 21 is positioned and the developer injection opening is placed upward, and the cavity in the developing unit is filled with an appropriate amount of the developer from the opening 2111 using the funnel 19; after the filling of the developer is completed, a size-fitted cover is used. 20 seals the opening 2111.
- the assembling method of the photosensitive unit 22 and the developing unit 21 of the present embodiment is the same as the assembling method of the photosensitive unit of the present embodiment and the developing unit as in the first embodiment.
- the repairing and assembling method of the photosensitive unit refers to the repairing and assembling method of the photosensitive unit in the first embodiment.
- the powder discharging blade 7, the driving assembly 12, the end bracket 13 and the powder feeding roller 8 on the developing unit 21 are detached from the developing unit, the above components are cleaned. If the above parts are damaged and affect the quality of the developing cartridge after regeneration, it needs to be replaced with a new one.
- a developer holding chamber 9 is also included in the developing unit.
- Figure 13 is a schematic view showing the flexible developer chamber and the stirring frame in the developing unit disassembled in the third embodiment.
- the agitator gear 103 connected to the agitating frame 10 at the end portion in the longitudinal direction of the photosensitive unit main frame 211 is taken out, and then the agitating frame 10 is taken out from the cavity of the developing unit 21.
- the agitator 10 includes a rotating body 101 on which a plurality of latching portions 102 are provided for fixing the agitating blades 15 and the sealing member 16 to the agitating frame rotating body 101.
- the flexible developer accommodating chamber 9 is peeled off from the developing unit by a tool such as the tweezers 18, and the connecting port 9a of the flexible developer accommodating chamber is disengaged from the fixing portion 21a provided on the cover 212 of the developing unit 21, and The flexible developer accommodating chamber 9 is taken out from the cavity of the developing unit 21.
- the flexible developer accommodating chamber 9 includes a flexible bottom plate 91, a flexible cavity 92 connected to the bottom plate 91 and protruding from the surface thereof for accommodating the developer, and the flexible cavity 92 is provided with a plurality of developer outlets 9b, the developer may be provided It flows out from the outlet 9b.
- the agitator gear 103, the agitator frame 10 and the agitator blade removed in the step can be regenerated if cleaned without damage.
- the flexible developer accommodating chamber 9 removed in the step is pleated and deformed during use, and the residual developer therein is difficult to clean, in order not to affect the quality of the developed developing cartridge.
- the old flexible developer accommodating chamber 9 is replaced with a brand new flexible developer accommodating chamber 90, and a new seal member 160 is used in place of the old seal member 16.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic view showing the installation of the repaired flexible developer chamber agitating frame
- FIG. 15 is a schematic view showing the repair of the flexible developer chamber in the third embodiment
- FIG. 16 is a schematic view showing the repairing of the flexible developer chamber in the third embodiment.
- a brand new seal member 160 and a brand new developer accommodating cavity 902 are provided, and a plurality of developer outlets 90b are opened in the developer accommodating cavity, and the seal is mounted using a tooling (not shown).
- 160 is welded to the surface of the developer accommodating cavity 902, and the developer outlet 90b is completely sealed.
- 1601 and 9021 are bonding wires. After the welding is completed, one end of the sealing member 160 is connected to the developer accommodating cavity 902, and the other end is a free end.
- a developer is filled in the developer accommodating cavity 902, and then a brand new flexible developer accommodating chamber bottom plate 901 is welded or affixed by a tooling (not shown).
- the glue connects the surface of the bottom plate 901 with the edge 9022 on the developer accommodating cavity 901.
- the filling of the developer and the step of sealing the flexible developer cavity are completed.
- the following describes how to place the repaired flexible developer accommodating chamber and the agitator in the repaired developing unit cavity.
- Method 1 First, the inner cavity and the outer surface of the developing unit main frame 211 and the cover 212 are cleaned, and then the flexible developer accommodating cavity 90 is installed from the opening 213 formed by the developing unit main frame 211 and the cover 212.
- the developing unit main frame 211 and the cover body 212 are formed in the cavity, and the connecting port 90a on the bottom plate 901 of the flexible developer accommodating chamber 90 is snap-fitted to the fixing portion 21a provided on the cover body 212, and the sealing member 160 is simultaneously provided.
- One end of the mounting opening 160a is exposed on the outside of the developing unit cavity opening 213, and then one end of the 160 mounting opening 160a is fastened to the locking portion 102 of the stirring frame 10 through the mounting opening 160a, and then the stirring is performed.
- the frame 10 is placed in the developing unit cavity from the opening 213, and the agitator rotating body 101 is placed on the agitating support portion on the cover 212 (refer to the supporting portions 212a1 and 212a2 shown in FIG. 17, and FIG. 17 is the fourth embodiment).
- the shaft portion 1031 of the agitator gear 103 is inserted into the positioning hole at the end of the developing unit main frame 211 from the end portion in the longitudinal direction of the developing unit, and the shaft portion is passed through the positioning hole. 1031 Positioning an end portion of the hole 101 into the rotation of 1011.
- the flexible developer accommodating chamber 90 and the stirring frame 10 are both fixed in the cavity of the developing unit 21.
- Method 2 Different from the above method, in the method, the sealing member 160 is firstly fastened to the agitating frame 10, and at the same time, the agitating frame 10 is connected to the flexible developer receiving chamber 90 through the sealing member 160 as a whole. 14.
- the above-mentioned whole body is placed in the opening 213 of the developing unit 21 and placed in the cavity of the developing unit 21, and then the connection port 90a on the bottom plate 901 of the flexible developer accommodating chamber 90 and the fixing provided on the cover body 212 are respectively fixed.
- the portion 21a is snap-fitted, and the agitator is placed on the support portions 212a1 and 212a2 on the cover 212, and then the shaft portion 1031 of the agitator gear 103 is inserted into the end portion of the developing unit main frame 211 from the end portion in the longitudinal direction of the developing unit.
- the shaft portion 1031 is inserted into the positioning hole 1011 at the end of the rotating body 101.
- the flexible developer accommodating chamber 90 and the stirring frame 10 are both fixed in the cavity of the developing unit 21.
- the repaired powder feed roller 8, the powder discharging blade 7, the developing member 4, the end bracket 13, and the driving assembly 12 are attached to the main frame of the developing unit by the method of assembling the developing unit as described in the first embodiment. Thereby the installation of the developing unit is completed.
- the photosensitive unit and the assembling method of the developing unit are referred to the photosensitive unit of the first embodiment and the assembling method of the developing unit.
- the repairing and assembling method of the photosensitive unit refers to the repairing and assembling method of the photosensitive unit in the first embodiment.
- the driving unit 12, the end bracket 13, the developing member 4, the powder discharging knife 7, the powder feeding roller 8, the stirring frame 10, the agitating frame gear 103, and the flexible developer are respectively removed from the developing unit 21.
- the method of accommodating the chamber 9 and referring to the method of repairing each component in the third embodiment replaces the damaged component which cannot be recovered and repaired into a new one.
- FIG. 18 is a schematic view showing the cover body, the flexible developer chamber and the stirring frame after the installation and repair of the embodiment 4 and the embodiment.
- the agitator 10 on the developing unit 21 the flexible developer accommodating chamber 9 has been taken out, and then, the tooling (not shown) will include the fixing portion 21a.
- a portion 2121A of the cover 212 of the support portions 212a1 and 212a2 is cut from the cover 212 as shown in FIG.
- the following describes how to place the repaired flexible developer accommodating chamber and the agitator in the repaired developing unit cavity.
- a new replacement portion 2121B of the 2121A portion under the original cutting is taken, and the inner surface of the replacing portion 2121B is further provided with a wire portion 2122 protruding in the axial direction.
- a plurality of fixing portions 21a, and supporting portions 212a1 and 212a2 are provided as they are; first, the sealing member 160 is coupled to the stirring frame 10, and then the flexible developer accommodating chamber 90 is fastened to the fixing portion 21a on the replacement portion 2121B. And both ends of the mixer rotating body 101 are placed on the support portions 212a1 and 212a2.
- the entire unit installed in the above step is placed at the corresponding position of the chip opening from the cover 212, and then the replacement portion 2121B is welded to the cover 212 by heat welding or laser welding.
- the flexible developer accommodating chamber 90 and the agitating frame 10 are fixedly mounted in the cavity of the developing unit 21, and the agitator frame 103 is inserted from the end portion of the developing unit 21 in the longitudinal direction to fix the agitating frame 10.
- the repaired powder feed roller 8, the powder discharging blade 7, the developing member 4, the end bracket 13, and the driving assembly 12 are attached to the main frame of the developing unit by the method of assembling the developing unit as described in the first embodiment. Thereby the installation of the developing unit is completed.
- the photosensitive unit and the assembling method of the developing unit are referred to the photosensitive unit of the first embodiment and the assembling method of the developing unit.
- the repairing and assembling method of the photosensitive unit refers to the repairing and assembling method of the photosensitive unit in the first embodiment.
- the agitator 10 and the flexible developer chamber 9 can be removed without cutting the 2121A on the cover 212.
- the 2121A portion of the cover 212 is cut by the tooling, and while the portion 2121A is removed, the flexible developer accommodating chamber is still connected to the fixing portion 21a on the cutting portion of the 2121A, so that the flexible developer accommodating chamber can be used along with the 2121A.
- the cutting part is separated from the developing single Element 21; the agitator gear 103 is removed and the agitator 10 can be removed from the incision.
- the cover body 212 on the developing unit 21 can be integrally opened by using a tool, the entire cover body 212 can be removed, and then the removed old cover body 212 can be replaced with a brand new cover body, which is brand new.
- the cover is connected to the developing unit main frame 211 by welding.
- the photosensitive unit and the assembling method of the developing unit are referred to the photosensitive unit of the first embodiment and the assembling method of the developing unit.
- the repairing and assembling method of the photosensitive unit refers to the repairing and assembling method of the photosensitive unit in the first embodiment.
- the repairing method of the developing unit of the present embodiment is different from the foregoing embodiment in that a removable developer outlet for sealing the developer outlet on the flexible developer accommodating chamber is provided in the flexible developer accommodating chamber in the present embodiment.
- Flexible sealing member 200 is provided in the flexible developer accommodating chamber in the present embodiment.
- the stirring frame 10 and the flexible developer accommodating chamber 9 in the developing unit 21 to be repaired are removed from the developing unit frame by the method in the fourth embodiment or the fifth embodiment, and the developing unit to be repaired is removed.
- the upper cover 212 is removed and the repaired developing unit will be replaced with a new cover 2121A.
- the new cover 2121C has support portions 2121a1 and 2121a2 of the agitator 10 which are disposed at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the new cover 2121C, and the agitator support portion 2121a2 on one end is along the length of the new cover 2121C.
- a through groove 212a21 is formed in the vertical direction, and a plurality of fixing portions 21b are provided in a direction perpendicular to the cover body 2121A in the inner side of the new cover body 2121C near the agitating frame support portion 212a1 for the new flexible developer accommodating chamber 900 is fixed to the new cover 2121C
- Fig. 19 is a schematic view of the flexible developer accommodating chamber of the sixth embodiment with a flexible seal.
- the fixing portion 21b is disposed at one end away from the through groove 212a21, and the flexible developer accommodating chamber 900 is provided with a plurality of developer outlets 900b for discharging the developer in the accommodating chamber.
- the flexible sealing member 200 is first joined to the flexible developer accommodating cavity 9002 by welding using a tooling (not shown) and the developer outlet 900b is completely sealed, and then accommodated to the flexible developer by the tooling.
- the cavity 9002 is filled with a developer, and then the flexible developer cavity 9002 is connected to the bottom plate 9001 by a glue or soldering and completely sealed; and the developer-filled flexible developer accommodating chamber 900 is mounted to a new cover.
- a free end of the flexible seal 200 is passed through the slot 212a21 in the agitator support portion 212a2.
- connection ports 900a are provided on one end of the flexible developer accommodating chamber 900 in the longitudinal direction (as shown in FIG. 22, and FIG. 22 is an assembly schematic view of the seventh embodiment) for fixing to the new cover body 2121C.
- the part 21b is fitted.
- the agitating frame 10 is attached to the agitating frame supporting portions 212a1 and 212a2, and the new cap body 2121C is welded to the developing unit frame 211, and the agitating frame gear 103 is attached to stir.
- the frame 10 is fixed in the developing unit 21.
- a through groove (not shown) is opened on the end portion 211 of the developing unit frame 211 along the length direction of the frame, and the flexible sealing member 200 can be made.
- the free end of the passage is completed, as shown in Fig. 20, and Fig. 20 is a perspective view of the developing unit with the flexible seal of the sixth embodiment.
- an elastic sealing member 200 is inserted into the through groove formed at the end of the frame 211 for sealing.
- the free end of the flexible sealing member 200 exposed on the outside of the frame 211 can be grasped and pulled out in the longitudinal direction of the developing unit until the flexible sealing member 200 is completely removed from the developing unit.
- the developer outlet 900b on the flexible developer accommodating chamber 900 can be leaked, and the developer in the accommodating chamber 900 can be discharged from the developer outlet 900b.
- the elastomeric seal 400 remains in the channel of the frame 211 to seal the channel without exposing the developer.
- the developer outlet 900b on the flexible developer accommodating chamber 900 in the present embodiment may also be provided only as one, as shown in Fig. 21, which is a schematic view of another flexible developer accommodating chamber of the sixth embodiment.
- At least one fixing portion 21b on the new cover 2121C is disposed and the flexible seal 200 is projected toward the new cover 2121C. In addition to the direction of the flexible seal 200, it overlaps.
- FIG. 23 is the mounted flexible developer accommodating chamber of the seventh embodiment.
- a pad 300 is added.
- the pad 300 is composed of a main body 3001 and an end protruding piece 3002.
- the main body is further provided with an opening 300a.
- the length of the opening 300a is set on the flexible developer accommodating cavity 900.
- the total length of the opening is long; and an opening 300b is provided on the end projecting piece 3002 for connection with a fixing portion provided on the cover 2121C.
- the flexible sealing member 200 is first welded to the backing plate 300, and the opening 300a of the backing plate is completely sealed, and then the backing plate 300 is welded to the flexible developer receiving chamber 9002, and the receiving chamber 9002 is provided.
- the developer outlet 900b on the upper is completely sealed.
- the flexible developer accommodating chamber can be protected by the action of the end portion 3002 of the backing plate 300 connecting with the new cover 2121C. 900 is not damaged.
- a double-sided adhesive can be applied between the bottom surface of the bottom plate 9001 of the flexible developer chamber and the inner surface of the cover 2121C.
- the photosensitive unit and the assembling method of the developing unit are referred to the photosensitive unit of the first embodiment and the assembling method of the developing unit.
- Fig. 24 is a cross-sectional view of the regenerating cartridge of the eighth embodiment. As shown in Fig.
- a first opening 2112 for injecting new developer is milled; secondly, since the toner cartridge is not disassembled, the toner to be regenerated At There is also a flexible developer accommodating chamber 9 in the cartridge 21, so that it is also necessary to open an opening 921 on the developer accommodating chamber 9, which is called a second opening; the first opening 2112 and the second opening 921 are connected to each other.
- new developer is poured into the flexible developer accommodating chamber through the first opening 2112 and the second opening 921; further, in order not to leave the old developer remaining in the flexible developer accommodating chamber with new
- the new developer mixture poured in affects the printing effect, and after the first opening 2112 and the second opening 921 are opened, the developer remaining in the flexible developer accommodating chamber is cleaned with a tool such as a vacuum cleaner, and then poured.
- a new developer after the developer is poured, the first opening 2112 is sealed using a sealing member such as a dome, a seal with a backing or the like.
- the order in which these steps are performed may be different from the order in which they are implemented in the above-described implementation steps.
- the repairing method of the process cartridge in the implementation step the used process cartridge is decomposed, and the consumables produced by the decomposition of the process cartridge are inspected and stored in accordance with predetermined standards and categories. Then, the consumables satisfying the predetermined standard can be reused in the process cartridge repaired by the above-described repair method. It is determined that the consumables that cannot be reused are replaced by new (unused) or consumables selected from other processing boxes different from the process cartridges they are disassembled.
- the above repair method of the process cartridge includes a repair method of the process cartridge in which the process cartridge is assembled using manual and automatic processes.
- the process cartridge is used as a consumable member detachably mounted to the electrophotographic image forming apparatus group, and is usually required to perform a print test work before it leaves the factory, and an additional developer is set on the developing unit to perform printing during the assembly process. After the test is passed, the excess developer is sucked out; when the printing test is performed, the rotating parts in the process box are involved in the rotation, so that a seal that can be removed from the outside is provided on the flexible developer accommodating chamber, and Avoid detaching the seal from the flexible developer receiving chamber during the printing test.
- a process cartridge provided by the present invention is not limited to the repaired process cartridge, the modified process cartridge, and the newly manufactured process cartridge.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Dry Development In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Electrophotography Configuration And Component (AREA)
Abstract
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CNCN201510443867.9 | 2015-07-24 | ||
CN201510443867.9A CN106353989A (zh) | 2015-07-24 | 2015-07-24 | 一种带有柔性显影剂容纳腔处理盒的再生方法及再生处理盒 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2017016124A1 true WO2017016124A1 (fr) | 2017-02-02 |
Family
ID=57842970
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CN2015/096577 WO2017016124A1 (fr) | 2015-07-24 | 2015-12-07 | Procédé de régénération de cartouche de traitement et cartouche de traitement régénérée |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN106353989A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2017016124A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN207895229U (zh) * | 2017-03-09 | 2018-09-21 | 纳思达股份有限公司 | 出粉刀以及显影盒 |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1030227A2 (fr) * | 1999-02-16 | 2000-08-23 | Konica Corporation | Récipient pour poudre |
JP2003285887A (ja) * | 2002-03-26 | 2003-10-07 | Konica Corp | 粉体収容容器、粉体収容製品、静電荷像現像用トナー収容容器、静電荷像現像用トナー収容製品、及び粉体充填方法とトナー充填方法 |
CN101236384A (zh) * | 2007-02-01 | 2008-08-06 | 珠海天威飞马打印耗材有限公司 | 激光打印机用碳粉容器再生方法 |
CN103676551A (zh) * | 2012-09-04 | 2014-03-26 | 佳能株式会社 | 显影单元、处理盒和成像设备 |
US20140212181A1 (en) * | 2013-01-25 | 2014-07-31 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Cartridge, developing cartridge, process cartridge and image forming apparatus |
US20140376955A1 (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2014-12-25 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Cartridge and image forming apparatus |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101201580B (zh) * | 2007-12-13 | 2011-10-26 | 珠海天威飞马打印耗材有限公司 | 激光打印机处理盒再生方法 |
JP2014056025A (ja) * | 2012-09-11 | 2014-03-27 | Canon Inc | 現像剤収納容器、プロセスカートリッジ、及び画像形成装置 |
-
2015
- 2015-07-24 CN CN201510443867.9A patent/CN106353989A/zh active Pending
- 2015-12-07 WO PCT/CN2015/096577 patent/WO2017016124A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1030227A2 (fr) * | 1999-02-16 | 2000-08-23 | Konica Corporation | Récipient pour poudre |
JP2003285887A (ja) * | 2002-03-26 | 2003-10-07 | Konica Corp | 粉体収容容器、粉体収容製品、静電荷像現像用トナー収容容器、静電荷像現像用トナー収容製品、及び粉体充填方法とトナー充填方法 |
CN101236384A (zh) * | 2007-02-01 | 2008-08-06 | 珠海天威飞马打印耗材有限公司 | 激光打印机用碳粉容器再生方法 |
CN103676551A (zh) * | 2012-09-04 | 2014-03-26 | 佳能株式会社 | 显影单元、处理盒和成像设备 |
US20140212181A1 (en) * | 2013-01-25 | 2014-07-31 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Cartridge, developing cartridge, process cartridge and image forming apparatus |
US20140376955A1 (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2014-12-25 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Cartridge and image forming apparatus |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN106353989A (zh) | 2017-01-25 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN102749826B (zh) | 显影器件的再制造方法、处理盒的再制造方法、显影器件和处理盒 | |
JP5063792B2 (ja) | 現像装置、プロセスカートリッジ、現像装置およびプロセスカートリッジの再生産方法 | |
EP1783563B1 (fr) | Récipient d'approvisionnement en révélateur avec un obturateur | |
EP3002634A1 (fr) | Unité de cadre de dispositif de développement, dispositif de développement, cartouche de traitement et procédé de fabrication de ladite unité | |
CN1189801C (zh) | 处理盒的再生方法及处理盒 | |
KR20020083465A (ko) | 프로세스 카트리지 재제조 방법 | |
JPH07302034A (ja) | トナーカートリッジ及びプロセスカートリッジ及び電子写真画像形成装置 | |
US20180052409A1 (en) | Toner Cartridge Container and Seal | |
EP3436874B1 (fr) | Cartouche d'encre en poudre et procédé de scellement de celle-ci | |
WO2017016124A1 (fr) | Procédé de régénération de cartouche de traitement et cartouche de traitement régénérée | |
JP2003173076A (ja) | 現像装置および現像カートリッジ | |
CN110320784B (zh) | 制造图像承载单元的方法和制造盒的方法 | |
CN110320783B (zh) | 用于制造图像承载单元的方法和用于制造盒的方法 | |
CN204903952U (zh) | 一种处理盒 | |
CN105589316A (zh) | 清洁设备、盒、清洁设备的再生产方法及盒的再生产方法 | |
US10656589B2 (en) | Manufacturing method for cartridge attachable to image forming apparatus and cartridge | |
EP3516458B1 (fr) | Système et procédé de remise a noeuf d'un conteneur de toner | |
JP3700621B2 (ja) | 画像形成ユニット | |
JPH07306576A (ja) | トナー容器及びその清掃方法 | |
JP3154592B2 (ja) | 現像剤収容容器の再シール部材、この再シール部材を使用した現像剤収容容器の再シール方法、プロセスカートリッジの再シール方法 | |
US10996589B2 (en) | Method for disassembling developing device and method for recycling developing device | |
JP2000258979A (ja) | 電子写真装置 | |
US20160033932A1 (en) | Cartridge and method for manufacturing cartridge | |
JP2012168490A (ja) | カラー画像形成装置 | |
JPH0756416A (ja) | カラー画像形成装置 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 15899474 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 15899474 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
32PN | Ep: public notification in the ep bulletin as address of the adressee cannot be established |
Free format text: NOTING OF LOSS OF RIGHTS PURSUANT TO RULE 112(1) EPC (EPO FORM 1205A DATED 22/05/2018) |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 15899474 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |