WO2017008248A1 - 一种排液系统及样本分析仪 - Google Patents

一种排液系统及样本分析仪 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017008248A1
WO2017008248A1 PCT/CN2015/083975 CN2015083975W WO2017008248A1 WO 2017008248 A1 WO2017008248 A1 WO 2017008248A1 CN 2015083975 W CN2015083975 W CN 2015083975W WO 2017008248 A1 WO2017008248 A1 WO 2017008248A1
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Prior art keywords
vacuum
pressure
container
liquid discharge
liquid
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PCT/CN2015/083975
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
史亮
谢小恒
张少维
刘攀
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Shenzhen Mindray Bio Medical Electronics Co Ltd
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Shenzhen Mindray Bio Medical Electronics Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201580081188.XA priority Critical patent/CN107709997B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2015/083975 priority patent/WO2017008248A1/zh
Publication of WO2017008248A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017008248A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a drainage system and a sample analyzer including the same.
  • a liquid discharge system In the case where it is necessary to clean or collect the waste liquid, a liquid discharge system is required, and the waste liquid generated by the cleaning or other test production waste liquid is collected into a designated container through the liquid discharge system.
  • the liquid discharge system usually uses a negative pressure to collect the waste liquid, and the negative pressure is generated by a vacuum component or a vacuum component.
  • the sample analyzer Take the sample analyzer used in the medical field as an example. The sample analyzer collects the sample through the sampling mechanism. To prevent cross-contamination, after the sample is finished, the sample is placed before the next sample is collected. Cleaning.
  • the vacuum drainage system usually includes a cleaning pool and a vacuum pump, and the cleaning pool and The pipe connected by the vacuum pump.
  • the vacuum pump is used to generate vacuum pressure, and the waste liquid in the cleaning tank is sucked away through the pipe.
  • the utility model has the advantages that the waste liquid generated by the cleaning of the sample needle can be completely taken away in a short space, the effect of the cleaning is effectively enhanced, the liquid amount of the needle tip is reduced, and the cross-contamination caused by the sample needle in the sample or the reagent is avoided. .
  • the disadvantages are: If the parts are improperly used or have their own quality defects, the entire system will not be able to generate enough vacuum to drain the waste and sputum in the pipeline.
  • the degree of vacuum is not enough, it may cause the liquid to stick to the tip, which will affect the test results. If the vacuum is insufficient, the cleaning tank will overflow. This will not only make the needle not clean, but also invalidate the test results, and the liquid overflowing from the cleaning tank will remain inside the machine and may come into contact with other electrical components. Consequences that cause parts to be corroded or burned. It is therefore necessary to monitor the vacuum drain system for malfunctions.
  • a method for judging the failure of the vacuum draining system is to use a liquid level sensor installed at the cleaning pool port to detect whether an overflow occurs in the cleaning pool, and if an overflow occurs, it is determined that the vacuum draining system is faulty.
  • This type of detection can detect the overflow of the cleaning tank caused by a serious shortage of vacuum.
  • a slight vacuum shortage for example, the overflow of the cleaning tank does not occur, but the vacuum does not meet the design requirements.
  • Unrecognized, and overflow detection does not identify which part of the drain system An abnormality has not been provided to the service engineer to identify the specific location of the fault.
  • an embodiment provides an apparatus for draining a liquid, the liquid discharge system for communicating with a liquid discharge container to be discharged, the liquid discharge system comprising:
  • a vacuum pump for providing a vacuum pressure
  • a first pipeline for connecting the liquid discharge container and the vacuum pump, and a pressure difference is formed between the first pipeline and the liquid discharge container after the vacuum pump is operated, so that the liquid in the liquid discharge container is under the pressure difference Reaching the outlet of the vacuum pump through the first line;
  • a waste liquid collection device in communication with an outlet of the vacuum pump, for collecting liquid output from the vacuum pump
  • a pressure sensor wherein the sensing interface is in communication with the first conduit for detecting pressure in the first conduit and outputting a pressure signal
  • the controller is electrically connected to the pressure sensor and the vacuum pump respectively, controls the vacuum pump to be turned on and off, and receives the pressure signal output by the pressure sensor, and monitors whether the drainage system is normal according to the pressure signal.
  • a sample analyzer including:
  • a liquid discharge container wherein the liquid discharge container may be at least one of a sample needle cleaning tank, a reagent tray discharge waste pipeline, and a magnetic separation tray
  • the liquid discharge system discharges the waste liquid by the negative pressure generated by the vacuum pump, detects the air pressure in the liquid discharge system through the pressure sensor, compares the pressure value of the predetermined downtime with the set threshold, and judges the liquid discharge. Is the vacuum in the system sufficient to determine if the drain system has failed.
  • Embodiment 1 is a schematic structural view of a liquid discharge system in Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of fault detection of a draining system in an embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a liquid discharge system in another embodiment
  • Embodiment 4 is a schematic structural view of a liquid discharge system in Embodiment 2;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a liquid discharge system having only one vacuum container.
  • the liquid discharge system includes a pipeline, a vacuum pump, a waste liquid collection device, a pressure sensor, and a controller, and the liquid discharge system is configured to discharge the liquid in the liquid discharge container, and the liquid discharge container passes through the pipeline
  • the vacuum pump is used to provide a vacuum, and a vacuum environment is formed in the pipeline, so that a negative pressure occurs between the pipeline and the liquid discharge container, so that the liquid in the liquid discharge container reaches the vacuum pump through the pipeline under the pressure difference.
  • the outlet of the vacuum pump is connected to the waste liquid collecting device, and the waste liquid is injected into the waste liquid collecting device.
  • the sensing interface of the pressure sensor is connected with the pipeline for detecting the pressure in the pipeline, and the controller receives the pressure signal outputted by the pressure sensor. And comparing the pressure value of the predetermined downtime with the set threshold to determine whether the vacuum in the liquid discharge system is sufficient, thereby judging whether the liquid discharge system is working normally.
  • a smokable liquid can be provided in the pipeline to enter the tube.
  • the accommodating cavity of the air communication of the road for example, an upwardly convex portion is arranged in the pipeline to form a accommodating cavity, so that the sensing interface of the pressure sensor communicates with the accommodating cavity, because the liquid does not fill the pipe due to the gravity of the liquid In the case of a road, liquid does not enter the containment chamber, thereby preventing the pressure sensor from coming into contact with corrosive liquids.
  • the two vacuum vessels in the following embodiments can also be considered to provide a pressure sensitive sensor with a clogging chamber, as will be explained in more detail in the following examples.
  • the liquid discharging system of the present invention can be applied to various devices that need to discharge liquid.
  • the following is an example in which the liquid discharging system is applied to the sample analyzer.
  • the liquid discharging container of the sample analyzer to be discharged may be At least one of the syringe cleaning tank, the reagent tray drain line, and the magnetic separator disc, and the drain container may also be other components in the sample analyzer that require draining.
  • the sample analyzer includes a sample introduction system, a reagent tray, a sample application system, a cleaning system, a reaction system, and a drainage system, and the sample introduction system provides a sample to be tested for the sample analyzer, and the reagent disk provides a test for the sample analyzer.
  • the sample needle is cleaned with a cleaning solution, and the washed waste liquid is drained through the drain system.
  • the amount of liquid to be applied to the tip of the needle is minimized, and the liquid discharging system uses a negative pressure discharging method. The larger the negative pressure (ie, the greater the degree of vacuum), the more favorable it is to reduce the liquid drop of the needle tip. the amount.
  • the liquid discharge system is in communication with the sample cleaning tank 1.
  • the liquid discharge system includes a first control valve 2, a first vacuum container 3, a second vacuum container 4, and a pressure sensor 5. , a vacuum pump 6, a line connecting the above components (11, 12, 13, 14), a waste liquid collection device 7 and a controller (not shown).
  • the cleaning tank 1 is used to provide a cleaning site for the sample needle, and the inner and outer walls of the entire sample needle are cleaned by a special structure; the vacuum pump 6 is used to generate vacuum pressure and the waste liquid is taken away; the first control valve 2 is used for Controlling the opening and closing of the pipeline to realize the switching of the vacuum and the discharge waste liquid respectively, the first control valve 2 can adopt, for example, a solenoid valve; the first vacuum vessel 3 is used for temporarily storing the vacuum, so as to start the system control device , there is a strong enough vacuum to take away the liquid hanging on the outer wall of the needle tip, and the top of the first vacuum container 3 communicates with the cleaning tank 1 through a pipeline, for example, the top 31 of the first vacuum vessel 3 passes through the pipelines 11 and 12 and the cleaning pool.
  • the first control valve 2 is connected between the first vacuum container 3 and the washing tank 1, for example, the first control valve 2 is connected at the interface of the pipes 11 and 12, and the bottom 32 of the first vacuum container 3 is passed through the pipe 13 is in communication with the vacuum pump 6.
  • the top 41 of the second vacuum vessel 4 and the top 31 of the first vacuum vessel 3 are in communication via a line 14, the bottom 42 of which is in communication with the vacuum pump 6 via a line 13, so that the pressure of the second vacuum vessel 4 and the first vacuum vessel 3 are the same
  • the main function is to provide a pressure sensor 5 with a place for sensing pressure.
  • the pressure sensor 5 preferably detects the pressure in the second vacuum container 4, and the sensing interface is in communication with the second vacuum container.
  • the liquid discharge port of the vacuum pump 6 is connected to the waste liquid collecting device 7, and the waste liquid collecting device 7 is used for collecting the waste liquid, which may be a container or a pipe extending from the liquid discharge outlet of the vacuum pump 6, which will be from the vacuum pump 6
  • the waste liquid discharged from the drain outlet is led to the designated place.
  • the controller is electrically connected to the pressure sensor 5, the first control valve 2 and the vacuum pump 6, respectively, controls the vacuum pump to be turned on and off, and receives the pressure signal output from the pressure sensor, and monitors whether the liquid discharge system is normal according to the pressure signal.
  • the pressure sensor is disposed at the top of the second vacuum container, and the sensing interface of the pressure sensor opens into the interior of the second vacuum container.
  • the pressure sensor 5 is mounted on a circuit board (not shown) and communicates with the second vacuum container through the third conduit 17, the third conduit 17 - The end is connected to the sensing interface of the pressure sensor, and the other end is connected to the top of the second vacuum container.
  • the controller controls the vacuum pump 6 to start, the air in the pipeline is drawn away along the direction of the dotted line in the figure, and the air pressure in the drainage system gradually decreases, when the controller controls the first control valve 2 to snoring, due to There is a pressure difference between the cleaning tank 1 and the pipeline, and due to the large vacuum space provided in the vacuum vessel, the drainage system generates a large suction force to the cleaning tank 1, and the liquid in the cleaning tank 1 is along the solid line in the drawing. The direction is withdrawn and the liquid is discharged from the vacuum pump outlet to the waste collection device 7. Since the liquid is subjected to gravity and/or suction, it does not pass through the second vacuum container 4.
  • the liquid Since the waste liquid enters the container, the liquid is first accumulated at the bottom of the first vacuum container, and the first vacuum container 3 and the second vacuum container 4 are The connected end is at the top of the vacuum vessel, and the second vacuum vessel 4 usually does not have waste liquid, so that the pressure sensor 5 does not come into contact with the liquid, and corrosion by corrosive waste liquid can be avoided.
  • the pressure in the second vacuum vessel 4 is the same as the pressure in the pipeline and the first vacuum vessel 3, thereby Both the detection of the vacuum pressure in the drainage system and the contact of the pressure sensor with the discharged liquid are avoided.
  • the conduit 12 extends to the bottom of the first vacuum vessel 3 to directly introduce waste liquid to the bottom of the first vacuum vessel 3, further preventing waste liquid from entering the second vacuum vessel 4. .
  • the line 14 extends to the bottom of the second vacuum vessel 4 to avoid system failure causing the first vacuum vessel 3 to be filled with waste liquid, and the waste liquid can be introduced through the line 14.
  • the pressure sensor in communication with the top of the second vacuum vessel 4 is prevented from coming into contact with the waste liquid.
  • the controller separately collects the first pressure signal in the vacuum established state and the second pressure signal in the vacuum release state, and determines whether the liquid discharge system is faulty according to the first pressure signal and the second pressure signal. And identifying the fault location, the specific flow chart is shown in Figure 2.
  • Step 200 Acquire a first pressure signal in a vacuum established state.
  • the controller Before the test starts, the controller first controls the vacuum pump 6 to open, and at the same time as the vacuum pump 6, the first control valve 2 is kept closed, for a period of time, after the vacuum in the system is completely established, the pressure is utilized.
  • the sensor 5 collects the pressure in the second vacuum container 4. If the collected pressure P1 does not reach the design capability requirement of the vacuum pump used, that is, ⁇ ⁇ , it is judged that the vacuum system is malfunctioning, the instrument action is suspended, and the operation cannot be performed. Start the test and perform step 220 to determine the fault location. Thus, in the case where the pressure sensor is normal, it can be judged that the malfunction occurs in the piping and the device from the first control valve 2 to the vacuum pump 6.
  • Step 210 Acquire a second pressure signal in a vacuum release state.
  • the vacuum pump 6 is turned off and the first control valve 2 is smashed.
  • the pressure collected by the sensor should be close to the ambient atmospheric pressure, because this is the whole The system has lost its source of vacuum and is connected to the atmosphere.
  • the difference between the detected pressure P2 and the ambient atmospheric pressure P atm should be within the allowable range. If it is not within this range, ie I P2-P atm I > ⁇ 2' ⁇ , the vacuum system is judged to be malfunctioning, and the instrument action is suspended. Start the test and go to step 220 to determine the fault location. Therefore, on the basis of the normal execution of the vacuum established in step 200, the possibility of failure of the vacuum containers 3, 4, the pressure sensor 5 and the vacuum pump 6 can be eliminated, and the fault is positioned to the cleaning pool 1 to the first control valve 2. In the pipeline.
  • step 240 and/or step 250 are performed during the testing process.
  • Step 240 Collect a pressure signal continuously during the cleaning process.
  • the cleaning is intermittent.
  • the sample needle will suck up the sample or reagent. It will only be cleaned after the sample or reagent has been drained. Because the sample has reagent or reagent residue on the needle tip, it needs to be cleaned. Clean before you can use it again.
  • the needles are in the process of cleaning, and there are also cases in the non-cleaning process (such as sampling samples).
  • the vacuum pump 6 is always squatted during the test, but the first control valve 2 is only cleaned, and the non-cleaning ⁇ first control valve 2 is closed.
  • the purpose of this is to store the vacuum in the pipeline so that there is a strong vacuum in the system at the moment the first control valve is opened to carry all of the liquid remaining at the tip. If the pressure signal in the drainage system is actually collected during the test, the pressure signal will appear as a periodic waveform. During the cleaning process, there is a process of snoring and closing due to the first control valve 2, so during the cleaning process. The pressure signal rises from the valley of the waveform to the peak.
  • the controller actually collects the pressure signal of the drainage system during the cleaning process, and if there is a continuous setting of the pressure value collected in the daytime ⁇ during the cleaning process, If it is less than the alarm threshold ⁇ 3', it can be determined that the vacuum of the needle cleaning and draining system is abnormal, and the test is stopped.
  • the alarm threshold P3' can be determined based on the capacity of the vacuum pump and the longest cleaning time.
  • Steps 200 and 210 are newly performed, and the fault location is identified by performing steps 200 and 210 for maintenance by the engineer.
  • Step 250 Collect a pressure signal before and after the control valve (eg, a solenoid valve) is turned off.
  • this step collects the pressure P4 in the controller before the controller controls the first control valve 2 to snoring in each needle cleaning process.
  • the pressure P5 is collected again before the first control valve 2 is closed. Since there is no blockage in the pipeline, there will be a rapid vacuum release process before and after the first control valve 2 starts, and there will be a pressure difference ⁇ between the pressures before and after the start. Therefore, if ⁇ 4- ⁇ 5 ⁇ , it can be judged that the pipeline is abnormal, and then the test is stopped.
  • steps 20 0 and 210 are re-executed, and the positions where the fault occurs are determined by performing steps 200 and 210.
  • the whole vacuum detection idea is: If the device has an abnormality before the test start, the fault can be found and the fault occurrence position can be judged by performing steps 200 and 210 before the test starts. If steps 2 00 and 210 end smoothly, there is no exception. The test can be started, but there may still be an unexpected situation in the test, resulting in a vacuum abnormality, which can be found by steps 240 and 250 in the test. After the exception is found, the test is aborted. This can be done by performing steps 200 and 210 to determine where the fault occurred.
  • the pressure can be collected during the action to determine whether the vacuum system is normal or not. Abnormalities occur, and help determine where the anomaly occurs.
  • the record of the actual change of the vacuum pressure during the test is used to judge whether the vacuum capacity does not meet the requirements during the test, so as to avoid the test without the needle being completely cleaned. The situation that caused the test result to be wrong.
  • the pressure difference between the front and the back of the control valve was used to judge whether there was any blockage in the pipeline, and to avoid the overflow of the cleaning pool during the test caused by the blockage of the pipeline.
  • the present embodiment can easily and effectively identify all faults existing in the vacuum draining system, pause the test after the fault occurs, and avoid waste of reagents and samples, and possible overflow. Damage to the instrument electronics.
  • the detection method of the embodiment can also assist the maintenance engineer to determine the approximate location where the fault may occur without disassembling the machine, and can save the engineer from troubleshooting the fault.
  • a different pressure or pressure difference for example, before and after the needle cleaning injection pump is started
  • different from the downtime of the embodiment may be used to determine whether the pipeline exists. abnormal. That is, by adding other devices to the system, it is then possible to synchronize the timing of the acquisition pressure with the newly added device.
  • a vacuum pump 20 and a number of control valves 21, 22, 23 can be added to the system, please refer to FIG.
  • the vacuum pump 20 is in communication with the second vacuum vessel 4;
  • the second control valve 21 is installed in a pipeline outside the bottom of the first vacuum vessel 3 for controlling the vacuum pump 6 to communicate or be disconnected from the first vacuum vessel 3;
  • the third control valve 22 Installed in a pipeline outside the bottom of the second vacuum vessel 4 for controlling the vacuum pump 6 to communicate or be disconnected from the second vacuum vessel 4;
  • the fourth control valve 23 is mounted on the top of the first vacuum vessel 3 and the second vacuum vessel 4 In the pipeline between the tops, it is used to control the communication or partitioning of the first vacuum vessel 3 and the second vacuum vessel 4.
  • the pressure detecting time in step 250 can be selected not to be synchronized with the first control valve 2 (synchronization means that the pressure collecting time is related to the first control valve 2), and the control valve 21, Any one of 22, 23 is synchronized.
  • conduit 12 and the conduit 14 may also not extend to the bottom of the first vacuum vessel 3 and the second vacuum vessel 4, respectively, as shown in FIG.
  • the liquid discharge system may be connected to the reagent tray drain liquid line separately or simultaneously.
  • the liquid discharge system further includes pipelines 15, 16 and second.
  • the control valve 9, the vacuum pump 6 communicates with the reagent tray discharge waste line 8 through the lines 15, 16 , and the second control valve 9 is disposed at the interface of the lines 15 and 16 to determine whether the reagent tray waste line is abnormal.
  • the vacuum pump 6 is turned off and the second control valve 9 is smashed.
  • the pressure collected by the sensor should be close to the ambient atmospheric pressure.
  • the difference between the detected pressure P6 and the ambient atmospheric pressure P atm should be within the allowable range. If it is not within this range, ie, I P6-P atm I > ⁇ 6' ⁇ , it is judged that the reagent tray drain line is clogged. This has the advantage of monitoring and discriminating the clogging of all vacuum drain lines without adding any new components and costs.
  • the pressure sensor 5 communicates with the vacuum container 3 to detect the pressure in the vacuum container 3, so as to avoid contact between the pressure sensor and the waste liquid as much as possible. Passing the sensing interface of the pressure sensor 5 through the top 31 of the vacuum vessel 3 to the vacuum vessel 3, or putting pressure The sensing interface of the sensor 5 communicates with the top of the vacuum vessel 3 through a pipeline. When the waste liquid flows into the crucible from the top inlet of the vacuum vessel, it rapidly flows to the outlet of the bottom portion 32 under the action of suction, and does not stay at the top, thereby avoiding The waste liquid comes into contact with the pressure sensor.
  • an upwardly convex receiving chamber may be provided at the top of the vacuum vessel 3 to communicate the pressure sensor with the receiving chamber, and the pressure sensor may be prevented from coming into contact with the waste liquid.
  • the pressure sensor may also be in communication with a portion of the non-vacuum vessel in the pipeline, such as other locations in the pipeline.
  • other actions such as needle cleaning or effluent action
  • other detection methods such as pressure detection or liquid level detection are used to determine whether the vacuum is normal.

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Abstract

一种样本分析仪及排液系统，排液系统用于与待排出液体的排液容器（1）相连通，排液系统包括真空泵(6)、第一管路(11、12、13、14)、废液收集装置(7)、压力传感器(5)和控制器，第一管路(11、12、13、14)用于连通排液容器（1）和真空泵（6），压力传感器（5）的感应接口与第一管路(11、12、13、14)连通，用于检测第一管路(11、12、13、14)中的压力，并输出压力信号，控制器分别与压力传感器（5）和真空泵（6）电连接，控制真空泵（6）开启和关闭，并接收压力传感器（5）输出的压力信号，根据压力信号监测排液系统是否正常。排液系统通过真空泵（6）产生的负压排出废液，通过压力传感器（5）检测排液系统中气压，将预定时机的压力值和设定阈值进行比较，判断排液系统中的真空是否足够，从而判断排液系统是否出现故障。

Description

一种排液系统及样本分析仪 技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种排液系统及包括该排液系统的样本分析仪。
[0002]
[0003] 背景技术
[0004] 在需要清洗或收集废液的场合需要用到排液系统， 将清洗产生的废液或其它测 试产生废液通过排液系统收集到指定的容器中。 现有技术中， 排液系统通常采 用通过负压方式收集废液， 负压由真空组件或负压组件产生。 以医疗领域用到 的样本分析仪为例进行说明， 样本分析仪通过采样机构采集样本， 为防止交叉 污染， 在加样针排完样本后， 在采集下一个样本之前， 会对加样针进行清洗。 现有技术中， 利用真空来带走加样针清洗管路中产生的废液是一种较为常见的 废液排放方式， 这种真空排液系统通常包括清洗池和真空泵， 以及将清洗池和 真空泵连接的管道。 真空泵用于产生真空压力， 通过管道将清洗池中的废液吸 走。 其优势在于可在较短吋间内将加样针清洗产生的废液完全带走， 有效增强 清洗的效果， 减少针尖的挂液量， 避免加样针在吸样本或试剂中产生的交叉污 染。 其缺点是： 如果部件由于使用不当或本身存在质量缺陷等缘故， 会导致整 个系统无法产生足够的真空将管路中的废液及吋排尽。 如果真空不足程度轻微 的话， 可能导致针尖存在挂液， 影响测试结果。 如果真空不足程度严重的会导 致清洗池溢流， 这种情况不但使加样针无法清洗干净、 导致测试结果作废， 并 且从清洗池溢出的液体会留到机器内部， 可能接触到其它电器部件， 导致部件 被腐蚀或烧毁的后果。 因此需要监测真空排液系统是否出现故障。
[0005] 一种判别真空排液系统出现故障的方式是利用在清洗池口安装液位传感器， 来 检测清洗池是否出现溢流， 如果出现溢流则判断真空排液系统出现故障。 这种 检测方式虽能够及吋发现当真空严重不足吋导致的清洗池溢流的出现， 但是， 对于真空不足程度轻微的情况 （例如清洗池虽没有出现溢流， 但真空还是没有 达到设计要求） 无法识别， 并且溢流检测也无法识别排液系统中具体哪一部分 出现异常， 对维修工程师识别故障具体位置无法提供有效帮助。
[0006]
[0007] 发明内容
[0008] 根据第一方面， 一种实施例中提供一种仪器的排液系统,所述排液系统用于与待 排出液体的排液容器相连通， 所述排液系统包括：
[0009] 真空泵， 用于提供真空压力；
[0010] 第一管路， 用于连通排液容器和真空泵， 在真空泵工作吋， 第一管路和排液容 器之间形成压力差， 以使排液容器中的液体在压力差的作用下通过第一管路到 达真空泵的出口；
[0011] 废液收集装置， 与真空泵的出口连通， 用于收集真空泵输出的液体；
[0012] 压力传感器， 其感应接口与第一管路连通， 用于检测第一管路中的压力， 并输 出压力信号；
[0013] 控制器， 其分别与压力传感器和真空泵电连接， 控制真空泵幵启和关闭， 并接 收压力传感器输出的压力信号， 根据压力信号监测排液系统是否正常。
[0014] 根据第二方面， 一种实施例中提供一种样本分析仪， 包括：
[0015] 排液容器； 其中排液容器可为加样针清洗池、 试剂盘排废液管路和磁分离盘中 的至少一个
[0016] 上述任一项所述的排液系统， 所述排液系统的第一管路与排液容器连通。
[0017] 在本发明实施例中， 排液系统通过真空泵产生的负压排出废液， 通过压力传感 器检测排液系统中气压， 将预定吋机的压力值和设定阈值进行比较， 判断排液 系统中的真空是否足够， 从而判断排液系统是否出现故障。
[0018]
[0019] 附图说明
[0020] 图 1为实施例一中排液系统的结构示意图；
[0021] 图 2为一种实施例中排液系统的故障检测流程图；
[0022] 图 3为另一种实施例中排液系统的结构示意图；
[0023] 图 4为实施例二中排液系统的结构示意图；
[0024] 图 5为排液系统只有一个真空容器的结构示意图。 [0025]
[0026] 具体实施方式
[0027] 在本发明实施例中， 排液系统包括管路、 真空泵、 废液收集装置、 压力传感器 和控制器， 排液系统用于将排液容器中的液体排出， 排液容器通过管路与真空 泵连通， 真空泵用于提供真空， 在管路中形成真空环境， 使得管路和排液容器 之间出现负压， 以使排液容器中的液体在压力差的作用下通过管路到达真空泵 的出口， 真空泵的出口连通到废液收集装置， 将废液注入废液收集装置， 压力 传感器的感应接口与管路连通， 用于检测管路中的压力， 控制器接收压力传感 器输出的压力信号， 将预定吋机的压力值和设定阈值进行比较， 判断排液系统 中的真空是否足够， 从而判断排液系统是否工作正常。
[0028] 由于收集的废液往往具有腐蚀性， 如果压力传感器与腐蚀性液体接触会导致压 力传感器损坏， 因此在改进的实施例中， 可以在管路内设置有可避幵液体进入 且与管路空气连通的容纳腔， 例如在管路内设置一个向上凸起的部分， 形成一 个容纳腔， 使压力传感器的感应接口与该容纳腔连通， 由于利用液体的重力的 作用， 在液体没有充满管路的情况下， 液体不会进入到容纳腔内， 从而使得压 力传感器避免与腐蚀性液体接触。 再例如， 以下实施例中的两个真空容器， 也 可看作是为压力传感器提供一个可避幵液体的容纳腔， 在下面实施例中将详细 阐述。
[0029] 本发明的排液系统可应用于各种需要排出液体的设备中， 下面以排液系统应用 在样本分析仪中为例进行说明， 样本分析仪中待排出液体的排液容器可以为加 样针清洗池、 试剂盘排废液管路和磁分离盘中的至少一个， 排液容器也可以为 样本分析仪中其他需要排液的组件。
[0030] 实施例 1 :
[0031] 样本分析仪包括进样系统、 试剂盘、 加样系统、 清洗系统、 反应系统和排液系 统， 进样系统为样本分析仪提供待检测的样本， 试剂盘为样本分析仪提供检测 所用的试剂， 加样系统用于采集样本和试剂， 并将样本和试剂注入到反应系统 中的反应杯中， 加样系统包括移动机构和加样针， 加样针用于采集样本和试剂 ， 加样针每次采集样本或试剂后都要经过清洗系统的清洗， 加样针伸入到清洗 池中， 采用清洗液清洗加样针， 清洗后的废液经排液系统排走。 为使得清洗液 能够被迅速抽走， 尽量减少加样针针尖的挂液量， 排液系统采用负压排液方式 ， 负压越大 （即真空度越大） 越有利于减少针尖的挂液量。
[0032] 请参考图 1， 本实施例中， 排液系统与加样针清洗池 1连通， 排液系统包括第一 控制阀 2、 第一真空容器 3、 第二真空容器 4、 压力传感器 5、 真空泵 6、 连通以上 部件的管路 （11、 12、 13、 14) 、 废液收集装置 7和控制器 （图中未示出） 。 清 洗池 1用于给加样针提供清洗的场地， 通过特殊的结构来实现整个加样针的内、 外壁清洗； 真空泵 6用于产生真空压力及抽走废液； 第一控制阀 2用于控制管路 的通断来分别实现建立真空与排放废液的动作切换， 第一控制阀 2例如可采用电 磁阀； 第一真空容器 3用于暂吋储存真空， 以在系统控制器件幵启瞬间， 有足够 强的真空来带走挂在针尖外壁的液体， 第一真空容器 3的顶部通过管路与清洗池 1连通， 例如第一真空容器 3的顶部 31通过管路 11和 12与清洗池 1连通， 第一控制 阀 2连接在第一真空容器 3和清洗池 1之间， 例如第一控制阀 2连接在管路 11和 12 的接口处， 第一真空容器 3的底部 32通过管路 13与真空泵 6连通。 第二真空容器 4 的顶部 41和第一真空容器 3的顶部 31通过管路 14连通， 其底部 42通过管路 13与真 空泵 6连通， 因此第二真空容器 4和第一真空容器 3的压力相同， 其主要作用是为 压力传感器 5提供感应压力的场所， 压力传感器 5优选检测第二真空容器 4内的压 力， 其感应接口与第二真空容器连通。 真空泵 6排液出口与废液收集装置 7连通 ， 废液收集装置 7用于收集废液， 其可以是一个容器， 也可以是从真空泵 6排液 出口延伸出来的一段管路， 将从真空泵 6排液出口排出的废液导引到指定的地方 。 控制器分别与压力传感器 5、 第一控制阀 2和真空泵 6电连接， 控制真空泵幵启 和关闭， 和接收压力传感器输出的压力信号， 根据压力信号监测排液系统是否 正常。
[0033] 在一具体实施例中， 压力传感器设置在第二真空容器的顶部， 且压力传感器的 感应接口通入第二真空容器内部。 在另一具体实施例中， 如图 1所示， 压力传感 器 5安装在电路板 （图中未示出） 上， 并通过第三管路 17与第二真空容器连通， 第三管路 17—端连通压力传感器的感应接口， 另一端通入第二真空容器的顶部 [0034] 工作吋， 控制器控制真空泵 6幵启， 管路中的空气沿图中虚线方向被抽走， 排 液系统中气压逐渐下降， 当控制器控制第一控制阀 2打幵吋， 由于清洗池 1和管 路中存在压力差， 并由于真空容器中提供的较大的真空空间， 使得排液系统对 清洗池 1产生较大吸力， 将清洗池 1中的液体沿图中的实线方向抽走， 并将液体 从真空泵出口排到废液收集装置 7中。 由于液体受重力和 /或吸力的作用， 不会经 过第二真空容器 4， 由于废液进入容器吋都是首先在第一真空容器底部积液， 而 第一真空容器 3与第二真空容器 4相连的一端在真空容器顶部， 第二真空容器 4中 通常不会有废液， 因此压力传感器 5不会接触到液体， 可避免被腐蚀性的废液腐 蚀。 另一方面， 由于第二真空容器 4的顶部和底部都和管路、 第一真空容器 3连 通， 所以第二真空容器 4中的压力与管路和第一真空容器 3中的压力相同， 从而 既实现了对排液系统中真空压力的检测， 又避免了压力传感器与排出的液体接 触。
[0035] 在较优的实施例中， 管路 12延伸到第一真空容器 3的底部， 直接将废液导入到 第一真空容器 3的底部， 进一步避免废液进入到第二真空容器 4中。 为防止系统 出现异常， 在更优的实施例中， 管路 14延伸到第二真空容器 4的底部， 避免系统 故障导致第一真空容器 3充满废液吋， 可将废液通过管路 14导入到第二真空容器 4的底部， 从而避免与第二真空容器 4顶部连通的压力传感器接触到废液。
[0036] 本实施例中， 控制器分别采集真空建立状态下的第一压力信号和真空释放状态 下的第二压力信号， 根据第一压力信号和第二压力信号判断排液系统是否出现 故障， 以及识别故障位置， 其具体流程图如图 2所示。
[0037] 步骤 200， 在真空建立状态下采集第一压力信号。 在测试幵始前， 控制器先控 制真空泵 6打幵， 在幵启真空泵 6的同吋， 控制第一控制阀 2保持关闭状态， 持续 一段吋间， 待系统中的真空完全建立后， 利用压力传感器 5采集第二真空容器 4 中的压力， 如果所采集到的压力 P1未达到所使用的真空泵的设计能力要求 ΡΓ吋 ， 即 Ρ ΡΓ吋， 则判断真空系统出现故障， 仪器动作暂停， 无法幵始测试， 并 执行步骤 220， 判断故障位置。 此吋， 在压力传感器正常的情况下， 可判定故障 出现在从第一控制阀 2到真空泵 6之间的管路和器件中。
[0038] 步骤 210， 在真空释放状态下采集第二压力信号。 在以上真空建立过程顺利结 束后， 如果系统正常， 则关闭真空泵 6并同吋打幵第一控制阀 2， 待系统稳定后 (即真空完全释放后） ， 传感器所采集到的压力应该与环境大气压相近， 因为 此吋整个系统已失去真空来源且与大气环境相通。 这吋检测到的压力 P2与环境 大气压 P atm的差值应该在允许范围内， 如果不在此范围内， 即 I P2-P atm I >Ρ2'吋 ， 判断真空系统出现故障， 仪器动作暂停， 无法幵始测试， 并执行步骤 220， 判 断故障位置。 此吋， 在步骤 200中所建立真空正常执行的基础上， 可排除真空容 器 3、 4、 压力传感器 5和真空泵 6出故障的可能性， 将故障定位到清洗池 1到第一 控制阀 2的管路中。
[0039] 在以上步骤 200和步骤 210过程都顺利结束后， 可判断整个真空排液系统工作正 常。 这吋可以使仪器执行步骤 230， 幵始测试。 但是在测试过程中， 可能会有某 些突发情况， 从而导致真空异常， 比如器件的突然损坏和停止运作， 测试过程 中有杂质进入排液系统中从而导致管路堵塞等。 为此， 在优化的实施例中， 在 测试过程中执行步骤 240和 /或步骤 250。
[0040] 步骤 240， 清洗过程中连续采集压力信号。 测试过程中清洗是间歇性的， 测试 中加样针会去吸排样本或试剂， 只有在吸排完样本或试剂后才会去清洗， 因为 这吋针尖上已经带有样本或试剂残留， 所以需要清洗干净才能再用。 测试过程 中加样针有处于清洗过程的吋候， 也有处于非清洗过程的吋候 （比如吸排样本 的吋候） 。 测试过程中真空泵 6是一直幵的， 但是第一控制阀 2只有在清洗吋才 幵， 非清洗吋第一控制阀 2是关闭的。 这样做的目的是为了在管路里储存真空， 以便在第一控制阀幵启的瞬间系统里有足够强的真空将针尖残留的液体全部带 走。 如果在测试过程中实吋采集排液系统中的压力信号， 该压力信号将呈现为 一个周期性的波形， 清洗过程中由于第一控制阀 2存在一个打幵和关闭的过程， 所以清洗过程中的压力信号会从波形的波谷上升到波峰。
[0041] 因此， 在本步骤中， 在仪器处于测试过程中控制器实吋采集排液系统处于清洗 过程中的压力信号， 如果清洗过程中存在连续设定吋间 τ内采集到的压力值都小 于报警阈值 Ρ3'， 则可判定针清洗排液系统的真空存在异常， 停止测试。 报警阈 值 P3'可根据真空泵的能力和最长清洗吋间来确定。
[0042] 在更优的实施例中， 当判定针清洗排液系统的真空存在异常并停止测试后， 重 新执行步骤 200和 210， 通过执行步骤 200和 210识别出故障位置， 以便工程师维 护。
[0043] 步骤 250， 在控制阀 （例如电磁阀） 幵关前后采集压力信号。 为判断加样针清 洗排液系统的管路在测试过程中是否存在堵塞， 本步骤在每次针清洗过程中， 在控制器控制第一控制阀 2打幵前采集一次压力 P4， 在控制器控制第一控制阀 2 关闭前再采集一次压力 P5。 由于当管路正常无堵塞吋， 第一控制阀 2幵启前后会 存在一个快速真空释放过程， 幵启前后的压力会存在一个压力差 ΔΡ。 因此如果 Ρ4-Ρ5<ΔΡ, 则可以据此判断管路出现异常， 随即停止测试。
[0044] 在更优的实施例中， 当判定判断管路存在堵塞并停止测试后， 重新执行步骤 20 0和 210， 通过执行步骤 200和 210判断出现故障的位置。
[0045] 本实施例中， 整个真空检测的思路是： 如果器件在测试幵始前已经有异常， 可 通过在测试幵始前执行步骤 200和 210发现故障及判断故障出现位置。 如果步骤 2 00和 210都顺利结束， 没有异常。 可以幵始测试， 但测试中仍可能出现突发情况 ， 导致真空异常， 这吋可通过测试中的步骤 240和 250发现异常。 在发现异常后 ， 测试中止。 这吋可再通过执行步骤 200和 210来判断故障出现的位置。
[0046] 本实施例在增加一个与压力传感器相连通的真空容器的基础上， 利用测试幵始 前增加的建立真空和释放真空的动作， 在动作中采集压力即可判别真空系统是 否正常以及在异常出现吋， 并辅助判断出现异常的位置。 在测试中， 利用对测 试过程中的真空压力的实吋变化的记录来判断测试过程中是否存在真空能力达 不到要求的情况出现， 以避免在针没有完全清洗干净的情况下进行测试， 从而 导致测试结果错误的情况出现。 同吋， 在测试中， 利用控制阀幵启前后的压力 差， 对管路中是否存在堵塞进行判断， 避免管路堵塞导致的测试过程中清洗池 溢流情况的出现。
[0047] 综上所述， 本实施例可简单和有效的识别真空排液系统中存在的所有故障， 在 故障出现吋， 及吋暂停测试， 避免试剂和样本的浪费， 以及可能出现的溢流对 仪器电子器件的损害。 另外， 本实施例的检测方法还可辅助维修工程师在不拆 解机器的情况下判断故障可能出现的大致位置， 可以节约工程师排査故障所的 吋间。 [0048] 在其他的实施例中， 在测试过程中， 还可采用不同于本实施例的吋机采集压力 或压力差 （例如在针清洗注液泵启动前后） ， 来判断管路中是否存在异常。 即 可以通过在系统里增加其它器件， 然后可以把采集压力的吋间点选择和新加的 器件幵关吋间点同步就可以。 比如可以在系统里增加一个真空泵 20和若干控制 阀 21、 22、 23， 请参考图 3。 真空泵 20与第二真空容器 4连通； 第二控制阀 21安 装在第一真空容器 3的底部外面的管路中， 用于控制真空泵 6与第一真空容器 3连 通或隔断； 第三控制阀 22安装在第二真空容器 4的底部外面的管路中， 用于控制 真空泵 6与第二真空容器 4连通或隔断； 第四控制阀 23安装在第一真空容器 3的顶 部和第二真空容器 4的顶部之间的管路中， 用于控制第一真空容器 3和第二真空 容器 4的连通或隔断。 采用图 3所示的方案， 步骤 250中的压力检测吋间就可以选 择不与第一控制阀 2同步 （同步就是指压力采集吋间与第一控制阀 2相关） ， 而 与控制阀 21、 22、 23中的任意一个同步。
[0049] 在其他的实施例中， 管路 12和管路 14也可以不分别延伸到第一真空容器 3和第 二真空容器 4的底部， 如图 3所示。
[0050]
[0051] 实施例 2:
[0052] 排液系统除了与加样针清洗池连通外， 还可单独或同吋与试剂盘排废液管路连 通， 请参考图 4， 排液系统还包括管路 15、 16和第二控制阀 9， 真空泵 6通过管路 15、 16与试剂盘排废液管路 8连通， 第二控制阀 9设置在管路 15和 16的接口处， 判断试剂盘废液管路是否异常的方法与步骤 210基本相同， 即在建立真空后， 关 闭真空泵 6并同吋打幵第二控制阀 9， 待系统稳定后 （即真空完全释放后） ， 传 感器所采集到的压力应该与环境大气压相近。 这吋检测到的压力 P6与环境大气 压 P atm的差值应该在允许范围内， 如果不在此范围内， 即 I P6-P atm I >Ρ6'吋， 则 判断试剂盘排液管路出现堵塞。 这样做的好处是可以在不增加任何新器件和成 本的基础上， 实现对所有真空排液管路是否堵塞进行监控和判别。
[0053] 上述实施例中， 真空容器也可以只有一个， 如图 5所示， 压力传感器 5与该真空 容器 3连通， 检测真空容器 3中的压力， 为尽量避免压力传感器与废液接触， 可 将压力传感器 5的感应接口穿过真空容器 3的顶部 31与真空容器 3连通， 或将压力 传感器 5的感应接口通过管路与真空容器 3的顶部连通， 当废液由真空容器的顶 部入口流入吋， 在吸力的作用下迅速流到底部 32出口， 不会滞留在顶部， 因此 也可避免废液接触到压力传感器。 或者可在真空容器 3的顶部设置一向上凸起的 容纳腔 （图中未示出） ， 将压力传感器与容纳腔连通， 也可避免压力传感器接 触到废液。
[0054] 上述实施例中， 压力传感器也可以与管路中的非真空容器部分连通， 例如管路 中的其它部位。
[0055] 在有的实施例中， 压力传感器还可以有多个， 控制器也可以有多个， 分别实现 不同的功能。
[0056] 在其它的实施例中， 在测试幵始前， 可增加其它动作 （例如针清洗或排废液动 作） ， 在这些动作中利用压力检测或液面检测等其它检测方式判断真空是否正 常。
[0057]
[0058] 以上应用了具体个例对本发明进行阐述， 只是用于帮助理解本发明， 并不用以 限制本发明。 对于本领域的一般技术人员， 依据本发明的思想， 可以对上述具 体实施方式进行变化。
技术问题
问题的解决方案
发明的有益效果

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 一种仪器的排液系统，所述排液系统用于与待排出液体的排液容器相 连通， 其特征在于所述排液系统包括：
真空泵， 用于提供真空压力；
第一管路， 用于连通排液容器和真空泵， 在真空泵工作吋， 第一管路 和排液容器之间形成压力差， 以使排液容器中的液体在压力差的作用 下通过第一管路到达真空泵的出口；
废液收集装置， 与真空泵的出口连通， 用于收集真空泵输出的液体； 压力传感器， 其感应接口与第一管路连通， 用于检测第一管路中的压 力， 并输出压力信号；
控制器， 其分别与压力传感器和真空泵电连接， 控制真空泵幵启和关 闭， 和接收压力传感器输出的压力信号， 根据压力信号监测排液系统 是否正常。
[权利要求 2] 如权利要求 1所述的排液系统， 其特征在于， 还包括真空容器， 所述 真空容器设置在第一管路中间， 其一端通过第一管路的一部分与排液 容器连通， 另一端通过第一管路的另一部分与真空泵连通， 所述压力 传感器的感应接口与与真空容器连通。
[权利要求 3] 如权利要求 2所述的排液系统， 其特征在于， 真空容器包括第一真空 容器和第二真空容器， 第一真空容器的顶部通过第一管路的一部分与 排液容器连通， 第一真空容器的底部和第二真空容器的底部分别通过 第一管路的另一部分与真空泵连通， 第二真空容器的顶部与第一真空 容器的顶部通过第二管路连通， 所述压力传感器的感应接口与第二真 空容器连通。
[权利要求 4] 如权利要求 3所述的排液系统， 其特征在于， 连通第一真空容器和排 液容器的第一管路延伸到第一真空容器的底部。
[权利要求 5] 如权利要求 3或 4所述的排液系统， 其特征在于， 所述压力传感器设置 在第二真空容器的顶部， 且压力传感器的感应接口通入第二真空容器 内部； 或排液系统还包括第三管路， 第三管路一端连通压力传感器的 感应接口， 另一端通入第二真空容器的顶部。
如权利要求 5所述的排液系统， 其特征在于， 连通第一真空容器和第 二真空容器的第二管路延伸到第二真空容器的底部。
如权利要求 2-6中任一项所述的排液系统， 其特征在于， 还包括第一 控制阀， 所述第一控制阀设置在真空容器和排液容器之间的管路中， 所述控制器与第一控制阀电连接， 通过控制第一控制阀打幵和关闭从 而控制第一管路的接通和关闭。
如权利要求 7所述的排液系统， 其特征在于， 所述控制器分别采集真 空建立状态下的第一压力信号和真空释放状态下的第二压力信号， 根 据第一压力信号和第二压力信号识别是否出现故障以及故障的位置。 如权利要求 8所述的排液系统， 其特征在于， 所述控制器在仪器处于 非测试状态下控制真空泵幵启并控制第一控制阀保持关闭状态， 持续 设定吋间后， 从压力传感器采集第一压力信号， 将第一压力信号和第 一阈值进行比较， 根据比较结果判断从第一控制阀到真空泵是否正常 ； 当判断从第一控制阀到真空泵正常吋， 所述控制器控制真空泵关闭 和第一控制阀打幵， 持续设定吋间后， 从压力传感器采集第二压力信 号， 将第二压力信号和第二阈值进行比较， 根据比较结果判断从第一 控制阀到容器是否正常。
如权利要求 7所述的排液系统， 其特征在于， 所述容器为加样针清 洗池， 所述控制器在仪器处于测试过程中实吋采集压力信号， 根据连 续设定吋间内采集的压力信号和第三阈值的比较结果判断排液系统真 空是否正常。
如权利要求 7所述的排液系统， 其特征在于， 所述控制器分别在第 一控制阀打幵和关闭前采集压力信号， 比较两次采集的压力信号的压 力差， 根据压力差判断排液系统真空是否正常。
如权利要求 10或 11所述的排液系统， 其特征在于， 当判断排液系统 真空异常吋， 所述控制器在仪器停止测试后分别采集真空建立状态下 的第一压力信号和真空释放状态下的第二压力信号， 根据第一压力信 号和第二压力信号识别故障的位置。
[权利要求 13] 如权利要求 1所述的排液系统， 其特征在于， 所述管路内设置有可 避幵液体进入且真空连通的容纳腔， 压力传感器安装在容纳腔内。
[权利要求 14] 一种样本分析仪， 其特征在于， 包括：
排液容器；
如权利要求 1至 13中任一项所述的排液系统， 所述排液系统的第一管 路与排液容器连通。
[权利要求 15] 如权利要求 1所述的样本分析仪， 其特征在于， 所述排液容器为加 样针清洗池、 试剂盘排废液管路和磁分离盘中的至少一个。
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