WO2017005156A1 - 可快速检修、更换刀片的医疗废物破碎及蒸汽处理一体化装置 - Google Patents

可快速检修、更换刀片的医疗废物破碎及蒸汽处理一体化装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017005156A1
WO2017005156A1 PCT/CN2016/088382 CN2016088382W WO2017005156A1 WO 2017005156 A1 WO2017005156 A1 WO 2017005156A1 CN 2016088382 W CN2016088382 W CN 2016088382W WO 2017005156 A1 WO2017005156 A1 WO 2017005156A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
crushing
movable
blade
compartment
cabin
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/088382
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
彭俊
王哲
陈锋燕
Original Assignee
重庆智得热工工业有限公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 重庆智得热工工业有限公司 filed Critical 重庆智得热工工业有限公司
Priority to RU2018102713A priority Critical patent/RU2678417C1/ru
Priority to EP16820807.2A priority patent/EP3320992B1/en
Publication of WO2017005156A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017005156A1/zh
Priority to US15/665,430 priority patent/US10391531B2/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/0075—Disposal of medical waste
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L11/00—Methods specially adapted for refuse
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
    • A61L2/04—Heat
    • A61L2/06—Hot gas
    • A61L2/07—Steam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/08—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within vertical containers
    • B02C18/10—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within vertical containers with drive arranged above container
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
    • B02C18/142—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with two or more inter-engaging rotatable cutter assemblies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/22—Feed or discharge means
    • B02C18/2216—Discharge means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
    • B02C19/0056—Other disintegrating devices or methods specially adapted for specific materials not otherwise provided for
    • B02C19/0075—Other disintegrating devices or methods specially adapted for specific materials not otherwise provided for specially adapted for disintegrating medical waste
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
    • B09B3/45—Steam treatment, e.g. supercritical water gasification or oxidation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C2018/162—Shape or inner surface of shredder-housings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
    • B02C2018/188—Stationary counter-knives; Mountings thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a medical waste treatment apparatus, and more particularly to an integrated medical waste treatment apparatus that integrates high temperature sterilization and crushing and destruction in the same confined space.
  • the integrated waste disintegration and steam treatment device capable of quickly repairing and replacing blades is an detachable vertical structure integrated and assembled, which is composed of a feed and a mixing tank and a crushing tank from top to bottom.
  • the three parts of the sterilizing and discharging compartments are connected by flanges and bolts.
  • the three compartments form an inter-connectable sealable space.
  • the whole body is vertically placed on the support frame, and a power mechanism is arranged outside the cabin.
  • the invention focuses on the improvement of the structure of the crushing compartment.
  • the top and bottom of the crushing compartment are respectively an open flange structure, and the left and right sides of the crushing compartment are respectively provided with an access door, and the crushing compartment is provided with a moving knife assembly and a fixed knife assembly.
  • the movable cutter shaft of the movable knife assembly is fixed on the access door by bearings, and the bearing seat and the inspection door are integrated.
  • One end of the movable cutter shaft extends out of the cabin and is connected with the power mechanism, and the power mechanism is transmitted by a sprocket or a gear. structure.
  • the moving blade of the movable knife assembly is mounted on the cutter shaft, and the claws on the adjacent movable blades are installed at a certain angle, and the blades on the different movable cutter shafts are staggered.
  • the fixed blade of the fixed knife assembly is fixed to the inner wall of the crushing cabin by a pressure plate, and the pressure plate is fixed by bolts from the outside of the crushing cabin.
  • the moving blade is arranged in a staggered manner with the fixed blade.
  • the invention integrates the inspection door of the crusher with the movable bearing shaft bearing seat by setting the inspection door on the left and right sides of the crushing cabin.
  • the crusher blade When repairing and replacing the crusher blade, only the maintenance door is removed, and the replacement can be completed outside the crushing cabin. program.
  • the fixed blade is pressed by the pressing plate on the inner wall of the crushing chamber, and the screw for fastening the pressing plate is installed from the outside to the inside.
  • the operator only needs to loosen the fastening screw outside the broken cabin without entering the machine. The replacement of the blade can be achieved.
  • the device quickly disassembles the inspection door of the crusher, and the door panel of the inspection door is fixed by the bolt and the crushing cabin body, the door panel
  • a bearing seat for mounting the movable shaft bearing and a cover plate for fastening and sealing the bearing, wherein one end cover of the movable cutter shaft is a through cover, the movable cutter shaft passes through the through cover, and is connected with the external power mechanism of the cabin, and the other end For the cover, seal the end of the cutter shaft.
  • the more reasonable and reliable knife assembly design is composed of two sets of moving knife assemblies and two sets of fixed knife assemblies to form a double shaft to roller structure.
  • the two sets of movable knife assemblies are composed of the movable cutter shaft and the movable blade and the movable blade spacer mounted on the movable cutter shaft, and the movable blade is cross-mounted with the spacer ring;
  • the two sets of fixed knife assemblies are The fixed blade and the fixed blade spacer are arranged, and the fixed blade is cross-mounted with the fixed blade spacer;
  • the movable blade is designed to have a disc shape, the outer circle is provided with a plurality of claws, and the fixed blade is designed as a fan shape;
  • the blade assembly is separately combined with the blades and the spacers of the two sets of moving blade assemblies.
  • the device further has an improved design of the sterilization and discharge compartment structure, the top port of the sterilization and discharge compartment is set as an open flange, and the bottom is provided with a quick opening discharge door, a sterilization and discharge compartment.
  • a discharge door switch mechanism and a safety interlock mechanism for ensuring the safe opening and closing of the discharge door.
  • a tray filter gate mechanism is provided in the cabin body, one can quickly discharge the materials in the cabin, and the other is to prevent condensation. The liquid is soaked in medical waste, and the third is to facilitate uniform vapor penetration and heat conduction during the sterilization process.
  • the tray filter shutter mechanism includes a filter cartridge, two four-bar linkage mechanisms, four connecting shafts, and two pallets.
  • the filter cartridge is connected to the inner wall of the sterilization and discharge compartments with a gap.
  • Two four-bar linkage upper ends are placed in the sterilization and discharge compartment
  • the connecting rod mechanism outside the cabin is connected, the external connecting rod mechanism is driven by the cylinder or the oil cylinder, and the lower end is connected with the middle edge of the two supporting plates through four connecting shafts, the supporting plate can be rotated at the connecting shaft, and the two supporting plates can be bilaterally symmetric
  • the setting is located at the lower end of the filter cartridge, and the outer end of the pallet is connected with the inner wall of the sterilization and discharge cabin by a hinge, and can be rotated at the hinge.
  • the cylinder or the cylinder is extended/retracted, the pallet is at the outer connecting rod and the fourth The link is driven to open/close.
  • the device improves the design through the above structure, and solves the problem that the replacement of the crusher blade requires lifting equipment to hoist the whole of the crusher blade mechanism, or the need to remove the cabin, or the operator needs to enter the cabin and other practical defects, thereby improving work efficiency. , to avoid the operator entering the danger zone.
  • each time the blade is replaced it usually takes only two people, and it takes half a day to complete successfully, which significantly improves the work efficiency.
  • the materials in the cabin can be quickly discharged, and the condensate is prevented from immersing the medical waste, which facilitates uniform vapor penetration and heat conduction during the sterilization process, thereby achieving better high temperature destruction. Bacterial treatment effect.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of the device
  • Figure 1A is a left side view of Figure 1;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural view of a crushing tank
  • Figure 2A is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 2;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the sterilization and discharge tank
  • Fig. 3A is a left side view of Fig. 3.
  • 1 feeding and mixing tank 1 crushing tank; 2 crushing tank; 3 sterilization and discharge tank; 4 support frame;
  • the device is a detachable vertical structure with integrated assembly, the upper part of which is the feeding and mixing tank, the top of the feeding and mixing tank is the feeding door and its feeding door switch mechanism;
  • the crushing compartment has a crushing cutter mechanism in the crushing compartment;
  • the feeding and mixing compartment is further provided with a pressure material stirring mechanism, the pressure material stirring mechanism runs through the feeding and mixing tank, and the lower part of the feeding and mixing tank is connected with the crushing tank.
  • the lower part of the crushing compartment is the sterilization and discharge compartment.
  • the feeding and mixing tank 1, the crushing compartment 2, the sterilizing and the discharge compartment of the device are connected by bolts.
  • the three compartments form an inter-connectable confinable space, which is placed vertically in the whole.
  • Support frame 4 The lower port of the feed and agitation tank 1 is connected to the top port of the crush tank 2, and the bottom port of the crush tank 2 is connected to the top port of the sterilizing and discharge tank 3.
  • the agitation device 1-4 in the feed and agitation tank body 1-2 is mounted obliquely on the tank, the power section is outside the feed and agitation tank body 1-2, and the agitated section is in the feed and agitation tank compartment 1-2 internal.
  • the top and bottom of the crushing tank 2 are respectively open flanged structures for connection to the feed and mixing tank 1 and the sterilization and discharge tank body 3. Access doors 2-3 are installed on the left and right sides of the crushing compartment.
  • the crushing cabin body 2-1 is provided with a two-axis pairing roller structure composed of two sets of moving knife assemblies and two sets of fixed knife assemblies.
  • the movable knife assembly is composed of two movable cutter shafts 2-2 and a movable blade 2-6 and a movable blade spacer mounted on the movable cutter shaft, and the movable blade and the spacer ring are axially cross-mounted along the cutter shaft.
  • Both ends of the movable cutter shaft 2-2 are fixed to the inspection door 2-3 of the crushing cabin body 2-1 through bearings, and the bearing housing 2-9 and the inspection door 2-3 are integrally designed, and can be installed along with the inspection door 2-3.
  • Disassembly, the bearing seat at one end of the movable cutter shaft and the access door are integrated, and one end of the movable cutter shaft is extended through the chain transmission (or gear) transmission mechanism 2-4 and the speed reducer 2-5.
  • the cutter shaft 2-2 is provided with a movable blade 2-6.
  • the movable blade is designed in the shape of a disk, and the outer circumference is provided with a plurality of claws, and the claws of the movable blades 2-6 on the different cutter shafts are staggered at a certain angle.
  • the fixed knife assembly is composed of a fixed blade 2-7 and a fixed blade spacer.
  • the fixed blade and the fixed blade spacer are axially cross-connected parallel to the cutter shaft, and are fixed on the inner wall of the crushing cabin body 2-1 through the pressure plate 2-8.
  • the pressure plate 2-8 is bolted from the outside of the crushing cabin body 2-1, and the fixed blade is designed in a fan shape.
  • the two sets of fixed blade assemblies are respectively combined with the blades and the spacers of the two sets of moving blade assemblies.
  • the access door is a quick disassembly structure
  • the door panel of the access door 2-3 is fixed by bolts and the crushing cabin body, and can be integrally removed.
  • the door panel has a hole through which the cutter shaft passes, and a bearing housing 2-9 structure is formed on the outer side of the hole, and the bearing and the sealing ring are installed.
  • the outer side of the door panel is fixed by a bolt and a cover plate for fastening and sealing the bearing, wherein the movable cutter shaft end cover
  • the plate is a through cover 2-10, the moving knife shaft passes through the through cover, and is connected with the external power mechanism of the cabin, and the other end is a stuffing cover 2-11, and the end of the cutter shaft is sealed.
  • the top port of the sterilization and discharge compartments 1-3 is an open flange structure, the bottom is provided with a discharge door 3-1, and the sterilization and discharge compartments are provided outside the 3-2
  • the door switch mechanism 3-3 (including the safety interlock mechanism ensures the safe opening and closing of the discharge door 3-1), and the tray filter gate mechanism 3-4 is provided in the sterilization and discharge cabin body 3-2.
  • the tray filter gate mechanism 3-4 includes a filter cartridge 3-4-1, two four-bar linkages 3-4-2, two guide mechanisms 3-4-3, two hinges 3-4-4, and four connections. Shaft 3-4-5 and two pallets 3-4-6.
  • the filter cartridge 3-4-1 is connected to the inner walls of the sterilization and discharge compartments 3-2 with a gap left.
  • One end of the two four-bar linkages 3-4-2 is connected to a linkage 3-5 disposed outside the sterilization and discharge compartment (3-2), and the external linkage 3-5 passes through the cylinder (or cylinder) Drive, the other end of the four-bar linkage 3-4-2 is connected to the middle edge of the two pallets 3-4-6 through four connecting shafts 3-4-5, and the two pallets 3-4-6 are left and right.
  • the pallet 3-4-6 can be rotated at the connecting shaft 3-4-5, the outer end of the pallet 3-4-6 and the sterilization and discharge cabin compartment 3- 2
  • the inner wall is connected by a hinge 3-4-4, and the pallet 3-4-6 can be rotated at the hinge 3-4-4.
  • the cylinder cylinder
  • the pallet 3-4-6 is externally
  • the link 3-5 and the four links 3-4-2 are driven to open/close.
  • the filter cartridge 3-4-1 and the tray 3-4-6 are distributed with filter holes, which can filter the liquid to prevent the condensate from immersing the medical waste, and also facilitate the uniform wear of the steam during the sterilization process. Translucent and heat conduction.
  • a discharge device 3-6 is further provided on the discharge door 3-1, and the sewage device 3-6 is connected to the sewage pipe through a hose.
  • the sterilization and discharge compartment 3 is provided with an insulating layer on the outside.
  • the control of the three compartments of the device is controlled by an electrical control system, and the operation panel is mounted on a separate control cabinet.
  • the process of using the medical waste crushing and steam treatment integrated device is:
  • Feeding Automatic feeding, pouring from the top feeding door of the equipment.
  • Pre-vacuum The pre-vacuum is started after the feed door is closed, and the pre-vacuum time is 3-5 minutes.
  • Cooling cold water is sprayed into the sterilization chamber, and the temperature of the sterilization chamber is lowered to about 80 °C. Then, the exhaust valve is opened and the pressure in the sterilization chamber is reduced to normal pressure.
  • Discharge first return the gas to make the sterilization chamber reach normal pressure, open the bottom hatch, and the waste will be poured out automatically.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Accommodation For Nursing Or Treatment Tables (AREA)

Abstract

一种可快速检修、更换刀片的医疗废物破碎及蒸汽处理一体化装置为集成组装的可拆卸立式结构。该装置由进料和搅拌舱（1）、破碎舱（2）、灭菌和出料舱（3）三部分舱体连成一体，破碎舱内装有动刀组件和定刀组件；在破碎舱左右两侧设检修门（2-3），破碎机检修门与动刀组件的动刀轴（2-2）轴承座（2-9）设计为一体，且定刀组件的定刀片（2-7）由压板（2-8）压在破碎舱体内壁上，紧固压板的螺钉由外向内安装。检修更换破碎机刀片时，只需拆下检修门，在破碎舱外部即可完成动刀组件的动刀片（2-6）的更换程序，同时，操作人员也只需在破碎舱舱体外将压板的紧固螺钉松开，无需进入机器内即可实现对定刀片的更换。由此解决了更换破碎机刀片需要吊装设备将破碎机刀辊机构整体吊出，或需要将舱体移去、或者需要操作人员进入舱体等缺陷，提高了工作效率，避免了操作人员进入危险区域。

Description

可快速检修、更换刀片的医疗废物破碎及蒸汽处理一体化装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种医疗废物处理设备，更具体地涉及一种将高温灭菌和破碎毁形集成在同一密闭空间内的一体化的医疗废物处理设备。
背景技术
医疗废物高温蒸汽处理设备种类繁多，其中，将破碎机设计在医疗废物高温灭菌容器内的一体式高温蒸汽处理设备，由于其将全部处理过程高度集成，在密闭容器内一次性完成，因此，成为全球医院中小型医疗废物项目的首选设备。但目前公知的这种一体式设备，由于其结构设计并未解决对机器内部部件更换、维修的方便性、快捷性。在维修破碎机或更换刀片时，拆卸难度较大，操作环境恶劣，且需要吊车或专用起吊设备将破碎机刀轴整体吊出灭菌容器外方能更换刀片或维修破碎机。也有设计将进料舱、破碎舱、出料舱分段集成的设备，但对破碎舱的设计仍然没能解决破碎机检修困难，刀片更换费时、费力的问题，检修拆装刀片必须拆卸与破碎舱相连的其它舱体或设备，需要专用吊具的配合才能实现。
采用高温蒸汽处理医疗废物的工艺过程，破碎毁形是不可或缺的环节。医疗废物中往往同时具有硬质物料，又有柔性软质物料，甚至还混杂有手术钳之类的金属器件等，这种特殊而复杂属性就决定了破碎机刀片磨损快，使用寿命较短，需经常性拆装更换。
因此，在实际使用中，医疗废物破碎机刀片时维修更换频率最多的易损零件，通常每一个月就需要对损坏的刀片进行更换或检修，每次拆下刀片维修更换，往往需要3-4个人，连续作业3-4天时间，还需要吊装设备。不但要拆卸减速机及轴承座等，还要吊拆该设备上的舱体或者将破碎机刀辊整体从灭菌压力容器内吊出，这样一来，对操作人员的技术要求高，劳动强度大，更换时间长，严重影响医疗废物处理的正常生产。《医疗废物管理条例》明确规定“医疗卫生机构应当建立医疗废物的暂时贮存设施、设备，不得露天存放医疗废物；医疗废物暂时贮存的时间不得超过两天。”这规定从另外一个角度强调了医疗废物处理设备连续工作的重要性，因此，快速检修及维护是医疗废物处理设备的一个及其重要的技术指标。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种可快速检修、更换刀片的医疗废物破碎及蒸汽处理一体化装置，以改进现有技术中存在的缺陷。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供的可快速检修、更换刀片的医疗废物破碎及蒸汽处理一体化装置为集成组装的可拆卸立式结构，其自上而下依次由进料和搅拌舱、破碎舱、灭菌和出料舱三部分舱体通过法兰和螺栓连成一体，三个舱体内部形成一个互通的可密封空间，整体竖直安置在支撑架上，舱体外设置有动力机构。
本发明重点对破碎舱的结构进行了改进，所述破碎舱的顶部和底部分别为开口法兰结构，破碎舱左右两侧分别装有检修门，破碎舱内装有动刀组件和定刀组件。动刀组件的动刀轴两端通过轴承分别固定在检修门上，轴承座与检修门为一体结构，动刀轴的一端伸出舱体外，与动力机构连接，动力机构采用链轮或齿轮传递结构。动刀组件的动刀片装动刀轴上，相邻动刀片上的刀爪错开一定角度安装，不同动刀轴上的刀片交错布置。定刀组件的定刀片通过压板固定在破碎舱舱体的内壁上，压板用螺栓从破碎舱舱体外部固定。动刀片与定刀片交错布置。
本发明通过在破碎舱左右两侧设检修门，将破碎机检修门与动刀轴轴承座设计为一体，检修更换破碎机刀片时，只需拆下检修门，在破碎舱外部即可完成更换程序。同时将定刀片由压板压在破碎舱体内壁上，紧固压板的螺钉由外向内安装，更换刀片时，操作人员也只需在破碎舱舱体外将紧固螺钉松开，无需进入机器内即可实现对刀片的更换。
进一步，为了实现更快速方便对刀组件的拆装以及保证刀组件的可靠运行，本装置将破碎机的检修门设计快速拆装结构，检修门的门板通过螺栓与破碎舱舱体连接固定，门板上设有安装动刀轴轴承的轴承座及紧固和密封轴承的盖板，其中动刀轴一端盖板为通盖，动刀轴从通盖穿出，与舱体外动力机构连接，另一端为闷盖，对刀轴端部密封。
进一步，较为合理可靠的刀组件设计是由两套动刀组件和两套定刀组件构成双轴对辊结构。所述两套动刀组件由所述动刀轴及安装在动刀轴上的所述动刀片和动刀片隔环组成，动刀片与隔环交叉安装；所述两套定刀组件由所述定刀片和定刀片隔环组成，定刀片与定刀片隔环交叉安装；所述动刀片设计为圆盘形，外圆设有数个刀爪，所述定刀片设计为扇形；所述两套定刀片组件分别与两套动刀片组件的刀片、隔环交互组合。
本装置进一步还对灭菌和出料舱的结构做了改进设计，灭菌和出料舱的顶部端口设为开口法兰，底部设有快开式出料门，灭菌和出料舱舱体外设有出料门开关机构及确保出料门安全启闭的安全联锁机构，特别地，在舱体内设有托盘过滤闸门机构，一是可快速将舱内物料卸出，二是防止冷凝液浸泡医疗废物，三是便于灭菌处理过程中蒸汽均匀穿透和热传导。
具体地，托盘过滤闸门机构包括滤筒、两个四连杆机构、四个连接轴及两块托板。滤筒与灭菌和出料舱舱体内壁连接，之间留有间隙。两个四连杆机构上端与设置在灭菌和出料舱 舱体外的连杆机构连接，外部连杆机构通过气缸或油缸驱动，下一端通过四个连接轴与两块托板中部边缘连接，托板可以在连接轴处转动，两块托板可左右对称设置，位于滤筒下端，托板外端与灭菌和出料舱舱体内壁通过铰链连接，可以在铰链处转动，当气缸或油缸伸出/缩回时，托板在外部连杆及四连杆的驱动下张开/闭合。
本装置通过以上结构改进设计，解决了更换破碎机刀片需要吊装设备将破碎机刀辊机构整体吊出，或需要将舱体移去、或者需要操作人员进入舱体等现实缺陷，提高了工作效率，避免了操作人员进入危险区域。采用本装置，每一次更换刀片，通常只需两人，耗用半天时间即可顺利完成，显著提高了工作效率。另外，通过对灭菌和出料舱的改进设计，可快速将舱内物料卸出，同时防止冷凝液浸泡医疗废物，便于灭菌处理过程中蒸汽均匀穿透和热传导，达到更好的高温灭菌处理效果。
附图说明
图1是本装置的整体结构示意图；
图1A是图1的左视图；
图2是破碎舱的结构示意图；
图2A是图2的A-A剖视图；
图3是灭菌和出料舱的结构示意图；
图3A是图3的左视图。
图中：1进料和搅拌舱；2破碎舱；3灭菌和出料舱；4支撑架；
1-1进料门；1-2进料和搅拌舱体；1-3进料门开关机构；1-4搅拌装置；
2-1破碎舱舱体；2-2刀轴；2-3检修门；2-4传动机构；2-5减速机；2-6动刀片；2-7定刀片；2-8压板；2-9轴承座；2-10通盖；2-11闷盖；
3-1出料门；3-2灭菌和出料舱舱体；3-3出料门开关机构；3-4托盘过滤闸门机构；连杆机构3-5；排污装置3-6；
3-4-1滤筒；3-4-2连杆机构；3-4-3导向机构；3-4-4铰链；3-4-5连接轴；3-4-6托板。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图进一步说明本装置的结构和使用方式：
请参阅图1和图1A，本装置是集成组装的可拆卸立式结构，其上部为进料和搅拌舱，进料和搅拌舱的顶部为进料门及其进料门开关机构；中部为破碎舱，破碎舱内设有破碎刀具机构；进料和搅拌舱上还设有压料搅拌机构，压料搅料机构贯穿进料和搅拌舱，进料和搅拌舱的下部和破碎舱连接，破碎舱的下部为灭菌和出料舱。
本装置的进料和搅拌舱1、破碎舱2、灭菌和出料舱3三部分舱体通过螺栓连成一体，三个舱体内部形成一个互通的可密闭空间，整体竖直安置在一支撑架4上。进料和搅拌舱1的下部端口与破碎舱2的顶部端口相连，破碎舱2的底部端口与灭菌和出料舱3的顶部端口相连。
进料和搅拌舱舱体1-2中的搅拌装置1-4斜插安装在舱体上，动力部分在进料和搅拌舱舱体1-2外部，搅拌部分在进料和搅拌舱舱体1-2内部。
参见图2和图2A，破碎舱2的顶部和底部分别为开口法兰结构，用于与进料和搅拌舱1和灭菌和出料舱舱体3连接。破碎舱左右两侧分别装有检修门2-3。破碎舱舱体2-1内装有由两套动刀组件和两套定刀组件构成双轴对辊结构。
动刀组件由两根动刀轴2-2及安装在动刀轴上的动刀片2-6和动刀片隔环组成，动刀片与隔环沿刀轴轴向交叉安装。动刀轴2-2两端通过轴承固定在破碎舱舱体2-1的检修门2-3上，轴承座2-9与检修门2-3为一体设计，可随检修门2-3一起拆卸，动刀轴一端的轴承座与检修门为一体结构，动刀轴一端外伸通过链传动(或齿轮)传动机构2-4与减速机2-5连接。刀轴2-2上设有动刀片2-6，动刀片设计为圆盘形，外圆设有数个刀爪，不同刀轴上的动刀片2-6的刀爪错开一定角度交错布置。
定刀组件由定刀片2-7和定刀片隔环组成，定刀片与定刀片隔环平行于刀轴轴向交叉安装，通过压板2-8固定在破碎舱舱体2-1的内壁上，压板2-8用螺栓从破碎舱舱体2-1外部固定，定刀片设计为扇形。
两套定刀片组件分别与两套动刀片组件的刀片、隔环交互组合。
为了拆卸方便，检修门为快速拆装结构，检修门2-3的门板是通过螺栓与破碎舱舱体连接固定的，可以整体拆下来。门板上有容刀轴通过的孔，并在孔外侧形成轴承座2-9结构，安装轴承和密封圈，门板外侧通过螺栓固定设置有紧固和密封轴承的盖板，其中动刀轴一端盖板为通盖2-10，动刀轴从通盖穿出，与舱体外动力机构连接，另一端为闷盖2-11，对刀轴端部密封。
拆装时，只需拆装检修门，即先拆下门上的闷盖和通盖，再拆轴承、密封圈，然后拆下门板螺栓，最后就可以取开一侧的检修门，这样就方便工人取出动刀组件。
拆装定刀组件时，只需从舱外松紧固定压板的螺栓，然后就可以方便地交替逐片取下定刀和动刀，即在破碎舱舱体外即可完成拆装。
另外，由于破碎舱的刀轴与减速机的连接采用链条或齿轮传动方式，在检修维护时，只需拆掉刀轴上的链轮或皮带轮即可，无需移动减速机，提高检修维护效率。
参见图3和图3A，灭菌和出料舱1-3的顶部端口为开口法兰结构，底部设有出料门3-1，灭菌和出料舱舱体3-2外设有出料门开关机构3-3(包括安全联锁机构，确保出料门3-1的安全启闭)，灭菌和出料舱舱体3-2内设有托盘过滤闸门机构3-4。
托盘过滤闸门机构3-4包括滤筒3-4-1，两个四连杆机构3-4-2，两个导向机构3-4-3，两个铰链3-4-4、四个连接轴3-4-5及两块托板3-4-6。滤筒3-4-1与灭菌和出料舱舱体3-2内壁连接，之间留有间隙。两个四连杆机构3-4-2一端与设置在灭菌和出料舱舱体(3-2)外的连杆机构3-5连接，外部连杆机构3-5通过气缸(或油缸)驱动，四连杆机构3-4-2另一端通过四个连接轴3-4-5与两块托板3-4-6的中部边缘连接，两块托板3-4-6是左右对对称布置的，位于滤筒下方，托板3-4-6可以在连接轴3-4-5处转动，托板3-4-6的外端与灭菌和出料舱舱体3-2内壁通过铰链3-4-4连接，托板3-4-6可以在铰链3-4-4处转动，当气缸(油缸)伸出/缩回时，托板3-4-6在外部连杆3-5及四连杆3-4-2的驱动下张开/闭合。
以上结构中，滤筒3-4-1和托板3-4-6上均分布有滤孔，可以对液体过滤，以防止冷凝液浸泡医疗废物，并且也便于灭菌处理过程中蒸汽均匀穿透和热传导。
另外，在出料门3-1上还设有排污装置3-6，排污装置3-6通过软管与排污管连接。
进一步，灭菌和出料舱3外部装有保温隔热层。
本装置对三个舱工作的控制是采用电器控制系统，操作面板安装在独立的控制柜上。
本医疗废物破碎及蒸汽处理一体化装置的使用流程是：
(1)进料：自动投料，由设备顶部进料门倒入。
(2)预真空：在进料门关闭后启动预真空，预真空时间3-5分钟。
(3)破碎：在进料门关闭预真空结束后开始。破碎机以设定的时间间隔及预定的运转方向工作，保证所有废弃物都能进入破碎机。
(4)蒸汽灭菌处理：输入蒸汽至灭菌室，将灭菌室内温度提高到预设温度。温度监测位于灭菌和出料舱下部，灭菌室内上下两个作业区的温度和压力都处于控制和平衡下。医疗废物在灭菌室内处于预设温度、预设压力的情况下保持预设的时间，即完成蒸汽灭菌处理过程。
(5)冷却：向灭菌室内喷入冷水，灭菌室温度下降至80℃左右。然后，打开排气阀，灭菌室内的压力降为常压。
(6)排水：排出冷却水和冷凝水。
(7)后真空：开门前，通过抽真空方式冷凝灭菌后的废弃物及余汽，同时将破碎后的废物充分干燥。
(8)出料：先回气使灭菌室达到常压，打开底部舱门，废物自动倒出。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种可快速检修、更换刀片的医疗废物破碎及蒸汽处理一体化装置，所述装置为集成组装的可拆卸立式结构；其特征在于：装置自上而下依次由进料和搅拌舱(1)、破碎舱(2)、灭菌和出料舱(3)三部分舱体通过法兰和螺栓连成一体，三个舱体内部形成一个互通的可密封空间，整体竖直安置在支撑架(4)上，舱体外设置有动力机构；
    所述破碎舱(2)的顶部和底部分别为开口法兰结构，破碎舱舱体(2-1)左右两侧分别装有检修门(2-3)，破碎舱内装有动刀组件和定刀组件；动刀组件的动刀轴(2-2)两端通过轴承分别固定在检修门上，轴承座与检修门(2-3)连为一体，动刀轴的一端伸出舱体外，与动力机构(2-5)连接，动力机构采用链轮或齿轮传递结构；动刀组件的动刀片(2-6)装在动刀轴上，相邻动刀片上的刀爪错开一定角度安装，不同动刀轴上的刀片交错布置；定刀组件的定刀片(2-7)通过压板(2-8)固定在破碎舱舱体(2-1)的内壁上，压板用螺栓从破碎舱舱体外部固定；动刀片(2-6)与定刀片(2-7)交错布置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的可快速检修、更换刀片的医疗废物破碎及蒸汽处理一体化装置，其特征在于，所述破碎机的检修门为快速拆装结构，检修门(2-3)的门板通过螺栓与破碎舱舱体连接固定，门板上设有安装动刀轴轴承的轴承座(2-9)及紧固和密封轴承的盖板；其中动刀轴一端的盖板为通盖(2-10)，动刀轴从通盖穿出，与舱体外动力机构连接，另一端为闷盖(2-11)，对刀轴端部密封。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的可快速检修、更换刀片的医疗废物破碎及蒸汽处理一体化装置，其特征在于，所述破碎舱内由两套动刀组件和两套定刀组件构成双轴对辊结构；所述两套动刀组件由所述动刀轴(2-2)及安装在动刀轴上的所述动刀片(2-6)和动刀片隔环组成，动刀片与动刀片隔环沿刀轴轴向交叉安装；所述两套定刀组件由所述定刀片(2-7)和定刀片隔环组成，定刀片与定刀片隔环平行于刀轴轴向交叉安装；所述动刀片(2-6)设计为圆盘形，外圆设有数个刀爪，所述定刀片(2-7)设计为扇形；所述两套定刀片组件分别与两套动刀片组件的刀片、隔环交互组合。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的可快速检修、更换刀片的医疗废物破碎及蒸汽处理一体化装置，其特征在于，所述动刀片与动刀片隔环设计为一体，或设计为完全分开独立的两部分，定刀片与定刀片隔环设计为一体，或设计为完全分开独立的两部分。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4之任意一项所述的可快速检修、更换刀片的医疗废物破碎及蒸汽处理一体化装置，其特征在于：所述进料和搅拌舱的舱底设为开口法兰，舱顶设有快开式进料门(1-1)，舱体(1-2)外设有进料门开关机构及确保进料门安全启闭的安全联锁机构(1-3)，舱内设有压料搅拌机构(1-4)，压料搅拌机构的搅拌轴通过轴承斜安装在舱体壁上，一 端在舱体内，一端在舱体外，搅拌轴外端通过减速机连接电机，内端固定搅拌桨。
  6. 根据权利要求1-4之任意一项所述的可快速检修、更换刀片的医疗废物破碎及蒸汽处理一体化装置，其特征在于：所述灭菌和出料舱的顶部端口设为开口法兰，底部设有快开式出料门(3-1)，灭菌和出料舱舱体(3-2)外设有出料门开关机构(3-3)及确保出料门安全启闭的安全联锁机构，舱体内设有托盘过滤闸门机构(3-4)，出料门上设有排污装置(3-6)。
  7. 根据权利要求1-4之任意一项所述的可快速检修、更换刀片的医疗废物破碎及蒸汽处理一体化装置，其特征在于：托盘过滤闸门机构(3-4)包括滤筒(3-4-1)、两个四连杆机构(3-4-2)、四个连接轴(3-4-5)及两块托板(3-4-6)；滤筒(3-4-1)与灭菌和出料舱舱体(3-2)内壁连接，之间留有间隙；两个四连杆机构(3-4-2)上端与设置在灭菌和出料舱舱体(3-2)外的连杆机构(3-5)连接，外部连杆机构(3-5)通过气缸或油缸驱动，下一端通过四个连接轴(3-4-5)与两块托板(3-4-6)中部边缘连接，托板(3-4-6)可以在连接轴(3-4-5)处转动，两块托板可左右对称设置，位于滤筒(3-4-1)下端，托板(3-4-6)外端与灭菌和出料舱舱体内壁通过铰链(3-4-4)连接，可以在铰链处转动，当气缸或油缸伸出/缩回时，托板(3-4-6)在外部连杆(3-5)及四连杆(3-4-2)的驱动下张开/闭合。
  8. 根据权利要求7之所述的可快速检修、更换刀片的医疗废物破碎及蒸汽处理一体化装置，其特征在于：在滤筒(3-4-1)的外壁设有两个导向机构(3-4-3)，与四连杆机构(3-4-2)配合，对四连杆机构的工作端进行上下运动导向。
  9. 根据权利要求7之所述的可快速检修、更换刀片的医疗废物破碎及蒸汽处理一体化装置，其特征在于：所述滤筒(3-4-1)和托板(3-4-6)上可分布小滤孔。
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