WO2016207244A1 - Leuchtstoff, verfahren zum herstellen eines leuchtstoffs und verwendung eines leuchtstoffs - Google Patents
Leuchtstoff, verfahren zum herstellen eines leuchtstoffs und verwendung eines leuchtstoffs Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016207244A1 WO2016207244A1 PCT/EP2016/064464 EP2016064464W WO2016207244A1 WO 2016207244 A1 WO2016207244 A1 WO 2016207244A1 EP 2016064464 W EP2016064464 W EP 2016064464W WO 2016207244 A1 WO2016207244 A1 WO 2016207244A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- phosphor
- light
- starting materials
- phosphor according
- radiation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent materials, e.g. electroluminescent or chemiluminescent
- C09K11/08—Luminescent materials, e.g. electroluminescent or chemiluminescent containing inorganic luminescent materials
- C09K11/77—Luminescent materials, e.g. electroluminescent or chemiluminescent containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals
- C09K11/7715—Luminescent materials, e.g. electroluminescent or chemiluminescent containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals containing cerium
- C09K11/77217—Silicon Nitrides or Silicon Oxynitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F17/00—Compounds of rare earth metals
- C01F17/30—Compounds containing rare earth metals and at least one element other than a rare earth metal, oxygen or hydrogen, e.g. La4S3Br6
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/80—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70
- C01P2002/84—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70 by UV- or VIS- data
Definitions
- the invention relates to a phosphor, a method for producing a phosphor and a use of a phosphor.
- red emitting phosphor at least one red emitting phosphor.
- Good color rendering devices, devices that emit warm white light, and many display applications rely on the use of red emitting phosphors. Almost all existing red phosphors are based on
- cerium doped red phosphors are not used in any application today.
- cerium-doped red solid-state phosphors are known in the literature.
- the object of at least one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a phosphor which emits efficiently in the red spectral region. Another object is to provide a method for producing a phosphor and a use of a phosphor for
- Impurities, these impurities taken together preferably have at most a weight fraction of the phosphor of at most 0.1 parts per thousand or 10 ppm.
- AE may denote only Ca or, for example, a mixture of Ca and Sr, Ca and Ba.
- Z denotes the proportion of Al to which the lattice sites of Si are replaced by Al.
- oxygen is a constituent of the phosphor.
- Ce is in the +3 oxidation state. Ce may also be referred to as activator of the phosphor.
- 0 ⁇ x -S 2 preferably 0.0016 ⁇ x 1.6.
- X denotes the proportion to which the lattice sites of AE are replaced by Ce. is
- the phosphor Due to the cerium doping, the phosphor has a very short cooldown. This means that the fall back from an excited state to the ground state occurs with the emission of radiation within a few nanoseconds. Thus, it is possible to excite this phosphor with a radiation source having a power density above 1 W / mm 2 , without causing a rapid saturation of the luminance. With the phosphor can thus be high
- the decay times of manganese doped phosphors are about six orders of magnitude slower by comparison.
- the phosphor comprises a cubic crystal system.
- the cubic crystal system has all the space groups which each have a threefold rotational or Drehinversionsachse in four different directions.
- the phosphor has the space group F 4 3m.
- z 0.
- Al is not a constituent of the phosphor. This results in a phosphor of the formula AE ] _g_
- the phosphor in this embodiment has Al in the form of impurity, which impurity preferably contains at most one part by weight of the phosphor of
- the phosphor is to
- the phosphor includes
- the emission lies in the deep red spectral range of the electromagnetic spectrum.
- components such as LEDs with high color rendering index and components that emit warm white light and many
- Display applications are phosphors that are deep red
- the phosphor has a
- the dominant wavelength is the monochromatic one Wavelength that produces the same color impression as a polychromatic light source.
- the line connecting a point for a particular color and the point for the color of a light source can be extrapolated to meet the outline of the space in a maximum of two points. The point of intersection closer to said color represents the dominant wavelength of the color as the wavelength of the pure spectral color at it
- Wavelength perceived by the human eye In general, the dominant wavelength differs from one
- Wavelength of maximum intensity In particular, the dominant wavelength in the red spectral range is at smaller wavelengths than the wavelength of maximum intensity.
- the phosphor can be excited by radiation in the UV region to the yellow region of the electromagnetic spectrum. This means that the phosphor absorbs radiation in this wavelength range.
- the radiation with which the phosphor is excited or the radiation which is absorbed by the phosphor can also be referred to as primary radiation.
- the phosphor can be excited by radiation having a wavelength of 400 nm to 600 nm, for example 550 nm.
- the primary radiation in one embodiment can be high
- Phosphor emitted radiation also called
- Luminances of the primary radiation are high
- the phosphor has a spectral half-width at half the height of the maximum, in short FWHM or full-width at half maximum, of at least 115 nm.
- the half-width is, for example, 119 nm or 120 nm.
- the specified embodiments of the phosphor can be prepared according to the method given below. Characteristics of the phosphor are therefore also disclosed for the process and vice versa. A method for producing a phosphor is given. The phosphor has the formula
- AE Mg, Ca, Sr and / or Ba, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 5, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 3 and y + z ⁇ 2.
- the method comprises the following method steps:
- Process step B) preferably to a temperature above
- the annealing in process step C) is carried out at over 1400 ° C or above 1500 ° C, for example at 1600 ° C.
- the starting materials comprise Mg3 2 , Ca3 2 ,
- the starting materials comprise SiO 2 , MgO, CaO, SrO and / or BaO.
- MgO, CaO, SrO and BaO correspond in this
- the educts comprise or consist of C a 3 N 2, S 13 N 4, CeO 2 and CaO
- the starting materials are present as a powder.
- the starting materials are mixed in a ball mill or in a tumble mixer. At the same time it can also be a grind.
- Zr0 2 balls may be present in the ball mill. Mixing or blending and grinding can
- the method steps A) to D) are carried out under a nitrogen atmosphere.
- Process steps B) to D) are carried out under a nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the nitrogen atmosphere at temperatures above 1200 ° C has a reducing effect.
- the nitrogen atmosphere at temperatures above 1200 ° C has a reducing effect.
- Ce 4+ of CeC> 2 is reduced to Ce 3+ .
- the annealing in process step C) can take place for two hours to ten hours, preferably for three hours to six hours, for example for four hours.
- the proportion of oxygen in the educts is 2 mol% to 20 mol%, preferably 12 mol% to 15 mol%, particularly preferably 12 mol% to 13 mol%, relative to the total amount of nitrogen and oxygen in the educts. It has been found that the yield of the luminescent material from 12 mol% oxygen with respect to the total amount of nitrogen and oxygen in the educts is maximum. In particular, this means that no or hardly any secondary phases form and the starting materials are completely or almost completely reacted. Below 2 mol%, no formation of the phosphor is observed.
- the starting materials for AE, Ce, Si and Al are used in a molar ratio to one another which corresponds to the stoichiometric composition in the empirical formula of the phosphor to be prepared. It is possible that the component AE is weighed with an excess to potential losses during the synthesis for
- Example to compensate by evaporation or any impurities of the reactants For example, CaO will be in excess weighed, since it is often contaminated with, for example, CaCO 3 and / or Ca (OH) 2.
- the oxygen in the reactants is used in excess.
- the starting materials contain more oxygen than the phosphor to be produced according to its empirical formula.
- the starting materials comprise AIN.
- the educts consist of a Mg, Ba, Sr and / or Ca nitride, S13N4, AlN, CeC> 2, S1O2 and / or a Mg, Ba, Sr and / or Ca. -Oxide.
- the starting materials have a molar ratio of Mg, Ba, Sr and / or Ca: Si: Al: Ce: 0 of
- Crystal lattice of the phosphor in the educts in excess was added. It is also possible that Mg, Ba, Sr and / or Ca is added in excess.
- the reactants consist of a Mg, Ba, Sr and / or Ca nitride, S13N4, CeO 2, S1O2 and / or a Mg, Ba, Sr and / or Ca oxide.
- a further process step takes place: E) comminution of the
- the Glühkuchen can be ground and sieved until the desired particle size is achieved for a corresponding application.
- the annealing is carried out in particular at a temperature of at least 1200 ° C., preferably at least 1400 ° C., and preferably under a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the annealing may be for two hours to ten hours, preferably for three hours to six hours, for example four hours.
- method step F) with heating to a temperature above 1200 ° C. is present
- process step F) takes place if the desired quality of the phosphor after process step D) or E) has not yet been reached.
- the heating takes place at a heating rate of 150 to 300 ° C per hour, preferably from 200 to 250 ° C per hour, for example at a heating rate of 250 ° C per hour.
- the cooling is carried out at a cooling rate of 150 to 300 ° C per hour, preferably 150 to 200 ° C per hour, for example, with a cooling rate of 250 ° C per hour.
- the indicated embodiments of the phosphor can be used for the following uses. Characteristics of the phosphor and of the method are therefore also disclosed for use and vice versa.
- Spectral range of the electromagnetic spectrum is emitted.
- the phosphor is used to convert from UV light to yellow light
- the UV to yellow light has a wavelength of 400 to 600 nm, for example, 550 nm.
- Component an electrical power density from 1 W / mm 2 on.
- the light emitting device can in a
- Embodiment of the use include one or more laser diodes.
- the at least one laser diode is for generating a laser radiation during operation of the light-emitting Component furnished.
- the laser radiation can be a
- Radiation density of at least 1 W / mm 2 have.
- the phosphor (Ba, Ca, Sr) 2 S1 5 N 8: Eu not suitable for obtaining high luminance.
- a yellow phosphor such as Y 3 Al 5 O 2 : Ce is used in conjunction with a long-pass filter to obtain a red emission. Since the phosphor according to the invention in comparison to Y 3 Al 5 0i 2 : Ce has a shifted in the red spectral emission, the
- the light emitting device can in a
- the at least one light-emitting diode is for generating a
- the primary radiation may have a radiation density of at least 1 W / mm 2 .
- the at least one laser diode or the at least one light-emitting diode comprises one
- the conversion element in the beam path is the at least one
- the conversion element is arranged directly on the at least one light-emitting diode or at a distance from the at least one light-emitting diode.
- LARP applications are known, for example, from PCT patent applications WO 2012/076296 A2,
- the conversion element comprises one or more further phosphors which emit green and / or yellow light.
- Luminous device radiated light is then mixed white light, composed of blue, red and yellow or green light.
- the light emitting device emits warm white light.
- Warm white light means that the light has a color temperature below 4000K Due to the fast saturation of the luminance are conventional Mn or Eu-doped phosphors for the
- Figure lb shows the data of the illustrated in Figure la
- Figure 2a shows a measured
- FIGS. 2b to 2d show crystallographic data of a phosphor described here
- FIG. 3 a shows the emission spectrum of a phosphor described here
- FIG. 3b shows the reflectance of one described here
- FIG. 4 shows the dependence of the formation of one here
- FIG. 1 a shows the X-ray diffraction powder diffractogram of the phosphor Cais, 84Ceo, 16S117 32, ⁇ , 84 using copper K a] _ radiation.
- the diffraction angles are given in ° 29 values on the x-axis and the relative intensity (I r ) on the y-axis.
- the molar ratio of Ca: Ce: Si: 0 of the educts is 17.03: 0.16: 17: 4.09. 0 in the starting materials is 13 mol% relative to the total amount of N in the educts and 12 mol% relative to the 34 lattice sites available for N and 0 in the crystal lattice. 0 is present in the educts to 12 mol% relative to the total amount of N and 0 in the starting materials.
- the homogeneous mixture is transferred to a tungsten crucible, which is transferred to a tube furnace. Under a nitrogen atmosphere, the mixture is heated at a heating rate of 250 ° C per hour to a temperature of 1600 ° C.
- the mixture is left for 4 hours at a Annealed at 1600 ° C, then cooled to room temperature with a cooling rate of 250 ° C per hour.
- the pink product is ground in an agate mortar grinder. Subsequently, the phosphor is characterized.
- the diffraction angles in ° 2 ⁇ values are indicated on the x axis and the relative intensity (I r ) on the y axis.
- the curve provided with the reference I shows a measured X-ray powder diffraction pattern and corresponds to that of the phosphor Cai 5 , 84Ce o, 16S117N32, ⁇ ⁇ , 84, whose
- Cai 6 Sii 7 34 has, according to Hick et al. , Inorganic Chemistry 2012, 51, 12626, a cubic
- Crystal structure with a lattice constant a 14,8882 ⁇ and belongs to the space group F 4 3m. That with the
- the diagram provided with the reference numeral III shows the difference between the X-ray diffraction powder diffractogram with the reference numeral I and the calculated diagram with the reference numeral II it can be seen that the agreement between the measured X-ray diffraction powder diffractogram with the reference symbols I and the calculated diagram with the reference symbol II is very high.
- Figure 2e shows the cubic crystal structure of the phosphor Cais, 84Ceo, 16S117 32, ⁇ , 84 in a schematic representation.
- the structure of the phosphor was determined by the
- a unit cell consists of eight
- Clusters composed of eight edge-sharing SiN 4 tetrahedra each. Partly the places of the N in the tetrahedrons are replaced by 0. In Figure 3a, four of these clusters are shown. Four of the clusters are free-standing, the other four clusters are linked via corner linkage with central SiN 4 tetrahedra on the center of the unit cell to form a three-dimensional spatial network. In Figure 3a is the emission spectrum of the phosphor
- the wavelength is plotted in nanometers on the x-axis and the emission intensity in percent on the y-axis.
- the phosphor has a half-width of about 120 nm and a dominant wavelength of more than 590 nm, the maximum of the emission is about 650 nm.
- Figure 3b shows the reflectance of the phosphor Cais, 68Ceo, 32S117 32, 32O1, 68 as a function of the wavelength. On the x-axis, the wavelength is plotted in nanometers, and on the y-axis, the reflectance in percent.
- the phosphor according to the invention with a wavelength between 350 and 550 nm excitable, since the reflection is relatively low and the absorption is particularly high.
- the invention is not limited by the description based on the embodiments of these. Rather, it includes The invention relates to any novel feature as well as any combination of features, which in particular includes any combination of features i the claims, even if this feature or this combination itself is not explicitly in the
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE112016002878.4T DE112016002878A5 (de) | 2015-06-25 | 2016-06-22 | Leuchtstoff, Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Leuchtstoffs und Verwendung eines Leuchtstoffs |
| US15/738,058 US10793774B2 (en) | 2015-06-25 | 2016-06-22 | Phosphor, method for producing a phosphor and use of a phosphor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102015110258.7 | 2015-06-25 | ||
| DE102015110258.7A DE102015110258A1 (de) | 2015-06-25 | 2015-06-25 | Leuchtstoff, Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Leuchtstoffs und Verwendung eines Leuchtstoffs |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2016207244A1 true WO2016207244A1 (de) | 2016-12-29 |
Family
ID=56178367
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2016/064464 Ceased WO2016207244A1 (de) | 2015-06-25 | 2016-06-22 | Leuchtstoff, verfahren zum herstellen eines leuchtstoffs und verwendung eines leuchtstoffs |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10793774B2 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE102015110258A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2016207244A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10711192B2 (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2020-07-14 | Osram Oled Gmbh | Lighting device |
| US10644206B2 (en) | 2016-08-12 | 2020-05-05 | Osram Oled Gmbh | Lighting device |
| DE102016121692A1 (de) | 2016-08-12 | 2018-02-15 | Osram Gmbh | Leuchtstoff und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Leuchtstoffs |
| JP7050774B2 (ja) | 2016-11-11 | 2022-04-08 | オスラム オプト セミコンダクターズ ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | 蛍光体、照明装置および照明装置の使用 |
| WO2019029849A1 (de) | 2016-11-11 | 2019-02-14 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Dimmbare lichtquelle |
| DE102018205464A1 (de) | 2017-11-10 | 2019-05-16 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Beleuchtungsvorrichtung und verwendung einer beleuchtungsvorrichtung |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7094362B2 (en) | 2003-10-29 | 2006-08-22 | General Electric Company | Garnet phosphor materials having enhanced spectral characteristics |
| US20060197439A1 (en) * | 2005-03-04 | 2006-09-07 | Dowa Mining Co., Ltd. | Phosphor and manufacturing method of the same, and light emitting device using the phosphor |
| US20090066230A1 (en) * | 2005-05-24 | 2009-03-12 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Phosphor and use thereof |
| WO2011098164A1 (de) | 2010-02-15 | 2011-08-18 | Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Lichtquelleneinheit und projektor mit einer derartigen lichtquelleneinheit |
| WO2012076296A2 (de) | 2010-12-06 | 2012-06-14 | Osram Ag | Leuchtvorrichtung |
| WO2013110495A2 (de) | 2012-01-27 | 2013-08-01 | Osram Gmbh | Leuchtvorrichtung mit leuchtstoffrad |
| US20140265819A1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Phosphor and light-emitting device employing the same |
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| DE10146719A1 (de) * | 2001-09-20 | 2003-04-17 | Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh | Beleuchtungseinheit mit mindestens einer LED als Lichtquelle |
| EP1867697B1 (de) * | 2005-03-04 | 2014-05-14 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Fluoreszierende substanz und herstellungsverfahren dafür sowie davon gebrauch machende lichtemittierende vorrichtung |
| US20070075629A1 (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2007-04-05 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Nitride and oxy-nitride cerium based phosphor materials for solid-state lighting applications |
| TW200801158A (en) * | 2006-02-02 | 2008-01-01 | Mitsubishi Chem Corp | Complex oxynitride phosphor, light-emitting device using the same, image display, illuminating device, phosphor-containing composition and complex oxynitride |
| DE102007035592B4 (de) * | 2007-07-30 | 2023-05-04 | Osram Gmbh | Temperaturstabiler Leuchtstoff, Verwendung eines Leuchtstoffs und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Leuchtstoffs |
| WO2011142880A1 (en) * | 2010-05-14 | 2011-11-17 | Lightscape Materials, Inc. | Oxycarbonitride phosphors and light emitting devices using the same |
| US20120019126A1 (en) * | 2010-07-22 | 2012-01-26 | General Electric Company | Oxynitride phosphors, method of preparation, and light emitting instrument |
| DE102012213467B4 (de) | 2012-07-31 | 2023-12-07 | Coretronic Corporation | Vorrichtung zum bereitstellen elektromagnetischer strahlung |
| DE102013215981A1 (de) | 2013-08-13 | 2015-02-19 | Osram Gmbh | Lichtmodul und Verfahren zum Erzeugen von wellenlängenkonvertiertem Licht im roten Spektralbereich sowie Verfahren zum Bereitstellen eines Wellenlängenkonversionselements |
| DE102014226591A1 (de) | 2014-12-19 | 2016-06-23 | Osram Gmbh | Lichtmodul und Verfahren zur Bereitstellung von wellenlängenkonvertiertem Licht im roten Spektralbereich sowie Projektionsvorrichtung dazu |
-
2015
- 2015-06-25 DE DE102015110258.7A patent/DE102015110258A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2016
- 2016-06-22 WO PCT/EP2016/064464 patent/WO2016207244A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2016-06-22 US US15/738,058 patent/US10793774B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2016-06-22 DE DE112016002878.4T patent/DE112016002878A5/de not_active Withdrawn
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| US7094362B2 (en) | 2003-10-29 | 2006-08-22 | General Electric Company | Garnet phosphor materials having enhanced spectral characteristics |
| US20060197439A1 (en) * | 2005-03-04 | 2006-09-07 | Dowa Mining Co., Ltd. | Phosphor and manufacturing method of the same, and light emitting device using the phosphor |
| US20090066230A1 (en) * | 2005-05-24 | 2009-03-12 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Phosphor and use thereof |
| WO2011098164A1 (de) | 2010-02-15 | 2011-08-18 | Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Lichtquelleneinheit und projektor mit einer derartigen lichtquelleneinheit |
| WO2012076296A2 (de) | 2010-12-06 | 2012-06-14 | Osram Ag | Leuchtvorrichtung |
| WO2013110495A2 (de) | 2012-01-27 | 2013-08-01 | Osram Gmbh | Leuchtvorrichtung mit leuchtstoffrad |
| US20140265819A1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Phosphor and light-emitting device employing the same |
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| KAWANO Y. ET AL., OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS, vol. 1770, 2014 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102015110258A1 (de) | 2016-12-29 |
| US10793774B2 (en) | 2020-10-06 |
| DE112016002878A5 (de) | 2018-03-08 |
| US20180305613A1 (en) | 2018-10-25 |
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