WO2016201900A1 - 一种变轨迹受流器及电动车辆 - Google Patents

一种变轨迹受流器及电动车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016201900A1
WO2016201900A1 PCT/CN2015/095656 CN2015095656W WO2016201900A1 WO 2016201900 A1 WO2016201900 A1 WO 2016201900A1 CN 2015095656 W CN2015095656 W CN 2015095656W WO 2016201900 A1 WO2016201900 A1 WO 2016201900A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rod
spring
elastic
pull rod
variable track
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PCT/CN2015/095656
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
索建国
张海丰
林平
杨瀛瑜
张彦林
杨颖�
李军
冯叶
陈敏坚
孙宁
Original Assignee
南车株洲电力机车有限公司
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Application filed by 南车株洲电力机车有限公司 filed Critical 南车株洲电力机车有限公司
Priority to ATA9491/2015A priority Critical patent/AT520871B1/de
Publication of WO2016201900A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016201900A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L5/00—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L5/18—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles using bow-type collectors in contact with trolley wire
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L5/00—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L5/18—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles using bow-type collectors in contact with trolley wire
    • B60L5/22—Supporting means for the contact bow
    • B60L5/28—Devices for lifting and resetting the collector
    • B60L5/30—Devices for lifting and resetting the collector using springs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of power receiving technology for fast charging, in particular to a current collector for rapidly charging a super capacitor of an energy storage electric bus.
  • the invention also relates to an electric vehicle provided with the flow receiver.
  • the so-called energy storage type electric bus vehicles refer to the use of super capacitors to store electric energy as power for traction.
  • the top receiver receives and recirculates, and uses the passengers to quickly complete the charging within tens of seconds of getting on and off the platform.
  • One charge can ensure that the energy storage electric bus runs to the next station and then recharges.
  • the model has been more and more popular use.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a current receiving device of a conventional energy storage electric bus charging system
  • FIG. 2 is a side view of FIG. 1 .
  • the current mechanism of the current energy storage type electric bus charging system can be understood as a set of four-bar linkages installed in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, and the power supply rail 1' is mounted on the flow receiver 2' ( Or directly above the pantograph. Since the rod members of the four-bar linkage mechanism are fixed length and the length of the rod member is set at a certain ratio, under the action of the spring or the driving force of the cylinder, the current collecting head 3' of the current receiving device 2' can achieve an approximate vertical lifting. And after a certain height is raised vertically, it is in contact with the power supply rail 1' directly above, and the vehicle is subjected to the flow.
  • the current collector has the same working principle as the rail receiver (or pantograph) installed on the roof of other rail vehicles, trackless vehicles, etc., and is more suitable for rail vehicles, when applied to rail vehicles.
  • rail receiver or pantograph
  • the modern energy storage bus adopts ordinary rubber wheels and has no track-oriented operation.
  • the parking error of the passengers is large, and the lateral deviation distance of the parking position allowed by the above-mentioned current receiver is only About 200mm, the technical requirements for the passengers are higher.
  • Each charging puts higher requirements on the parking position and parking angle when the vehicle enters the station. It is difficult to meet the requirements of the site use, which is not only conducive to the operation convenience of the vehicle. It also causes the vehicle to be unstable in charging.
  • the receiver is lifted and charged with the power supply rail directly above to provide kinetic energy to the vehicle.
  • the vehicle body sway will cause the receiver attached to the roof to shake together.
  • the collector head on the current collector will sway on the power supply rail, increasing the contact resistance and easily causing the flow problem.
  • the collector head in order to ensure that the collector head can be in contact with the power supply rail after being raised, the collector head is usually designed to grow in the form of a skateboard, and an excessively long collector head may cause structural instability.
  • the receiver After the receiver is dropped, it will occupy a large space on the top of the vehicle, even beyond the width of the vehicle.
  • the flow receiver allows a large deviation distance of the parking position, which is convenient for the vehicle to operate, and can ensure stable flow under the condition that the vehicle body is shaken, and has the advantages of stable structure and small occupied space.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an electric vehicle provided with the variable track receiver.
  • the present invention provides a variable track current receiver comprising a four-bar linkage mechanism and a current collecting head, the four-bar linkage mechanism comprising a base, an upper rod, a lower rod and a tie rod, the collecting head
  • the pull rod is disposed on the extension end of the upper rod
  • the pull rod is an elastic pull rod
  • the four-bar linkage mechanism drives the current collecting head to have a vertical lifting stroke and a lateral movement stroke.
  • the elastic rod is maintained Long
  • the elastic tie rod is stretched
  • the flow receiving portion of the current collecting head is located outside in the lateral movement direction.
  • the rod body of the elastic tie rod is provided with an elastic expansion and contraction portion formed by a spring along the length direction.
  • the elastic tie rod comprises a pull-down rod and a spring connected to each other, wherein the spring is located at an upper end, and the pull-down rod is located at a lower end.
  • the elastic pull rod comprises a pull-up rod and a spring connected to each other, wherein the upper pull rod is located at an upper end, and the spring is located at a lower end.
  • the elastic pull rod comprises two connecting rods and a spring connected to each other, the pulling rod is located at two ends, and the spring is located in the middle.
  • the elastic tie rod comprises two segments of springs and a length of tie rods connected to each other, the springs being located at two ends, and the tie rods are located in the middle.
  • the elastic tie rod comprises a plurality of segments of springs and tie rods that are alternately connected.
  • the elastic pull rod comprises two rod segments which are matched by a telescopic structure, and a spring is arranged between the two rod segments.
  • the collector head is provided with a plurality of electrodes, and the electrodes are arranged in parallel at intervals on the outside.
  • the collector head is mounted to the upper rod by a universal bearing, and an anti-friction roller is provided at the top.
  • the present invention provides an electric vehicle including a vehicle body, an electric drive system, and a charging system, the charging system being provided with a current receiving device, the flow receiving device being the variable track described in any of the above
  • the flow receiving device is mounted on the roof of the vehicle perpendicular to the length of the vehicle body.
  • the invention designs the pull rod in the four-bar linkage of the flow receiver as an elastic pull rod, and at the same time designs the current receiving portion of the current collecting head on the outer side, thereby forming a lateral current receiving device that receives power in the side direction, and supplies power during operation.
  • the rail is installed in the side orientation of the flow receiver, and the movement of the collector head is decomposed into the trajectory movement of the vertical lifting and the lateral movement by the length change of the pulling rod during the movement, and the collecting head first rises vertically to a certain height. (>1500mm), with the cooperation of the longitudinal degree of freedom limiting mechanism, it can continue to move horizontally to a certain distance (>600mm) until it is in contact with the power supply rail to achieve the power receiving function.
  • the rod stays fixed length during the vertical lifting of the collector head.
  • the drawbar is approximately linearly elongated. Due to its long-distance horizontal movement function, the collector head can increase the allowable parking position deviation distance, which is convenient for vehicle operation and improves the stability of the flow, especially Suitable for modern energy storage electric buses.
  • variable trajectory current receiving device Since the variable trajectory current receiving device has the above technical effects, the electric vehicle provided with the variable trajectory current receiving device should also have corresponding technical effects.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a current receiving device of a conventional energy storage type electric bus charging system
  • Figure 2 is a side view of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a specific embodiment of a variable track current receiving device according to the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the lifting and lateral movement of the variable track receiver shown in Figure 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the landing of the variable track receiver shown in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the landing of the variable track receiver shown in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a specific embodiment of a variable track receiver according to the present invention.
  • the lateral flow receiver provided by the present invention is mainly composed of a base 1, an upper rod 2, a lower rod 3, a tie rod 4, a collector head 5, and the like, wherein the base 1, the upper rod 2, and the lower rod 3 and the pull rod 4 forms a four-bar linkage mechanism for driving the movement of the collector head 5.
  • the lower end of the lower rod 3 is hinged to the base 1 through the rotating shaft, the upper end is hinged with the upper rod 2, and the lower end of the pull rod 4 is hinged to the base 1 and the upper end is
  • the arm of the upper end of the upper rod 2 is hinged, and the upper rod 2 is designed such that the outwardly extending end is narrower, and the other end has a wider "V" shaped frame structure, which is therefore also referred to as the upper frame.
  • the pull rod 4 is an elastic pull rod formed by the butt joint 4-1 and the spring 4-2, wherein the spring 4-2 Located at the upper end, it is hinged to the upper rod 2, and the lower rod 4-1 is located at the lower end and is hinged to the base 1.
  • the positions of the pull-down lever 4-1 and the spring 4-2 can also be interchanged as needed, that is, in the form of flip-chip.
  • the collector head 5 is mounted on the extension end of the upper rod 2 through a universal bearing, and the current receiving portion of the collector head 5 is located outside the lateral movement direction thereof, and the multi-channel electrode for the flow is spaced above and below the outer surface.
  • the way is parallel and the top is provided with anti-friction rollers.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the lifting and lateral movement of the variable track receiver shown in FIG.
  • the power supply device is installed at the charging location, usually a bus stop, and the power supply rail 6 is vertically installed at the side above the vehicle, and the multiple power supply rails 6 are vertically spaced apart, and the arrangement thereof and the collector head 5 are arranged.
  • the arrangement of the electrodes is consistent, and the length of each of the power supply rails 6 is greater than the length of the electrodes of the collector head 5, so that the collector head 5 can be in contact with the power supply rails in a large area before and after the vehicle enters the station, and the width of each power supply rail 6 It can be slightly wider than the width of the collector 5 electrode to improve the stability of the flow.
  • the guide plate 7 (or the guide rail) is horizontally mounted above the power supply rail 6 in a manner perpendicular to the plane of the power supply rail for limiting the vertical freedom of the collector head 5 after it is raised to a certain height so that it does not continue upward Movement, but instead of lateral lateral movement, specifically flat steel plate, etc., the variable track receiver is mounted on the roof in a manner perpendicular to the length of the vehicle body, the lifting plane of the four-bar linkage mechanism and the collector head The direction of lateral movement is perpendicular to the length of the body.
  • the cylinder and the spring on the base for driving the four-bar linkage mechanism work together to rotate the lower rod 3 clockwise, because the tension at this stage is not enough.
  • the spring 4-2 is elongated, so that the length of the tie rod 4 remains unchanged, and under the action of the four-bar linkage mechanism, the collector head 5 is raised in an approximately vertical manner in a vertical plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body.
  • the collector head 5 When the collector head 5 is raised to a height of about 1500 mm, the anti-friction roller at the top thereof is supported on the lower surface of the guide plate 7, and under the restriction of the guide plate 7, the pulling force acting on the tie rod 4 is gradually increased, thereby pulling
  • the spring 4-2 is linearly elongated to realize the function of the telescopic pull rod to form a structure similar to the crank slider. Thereafter, the collector head 5 is no longer raised under the restriction of the guide plate 7, and the pull rod 4 automatically changes the length.
  • the electric head 5 can be laterally moved 0 to 700 mm outward in a vertical plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body until it is in contact with the power supply rail 6 of the power supply device.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the landing of the variable track receiver shown in FIG.
  • the lower rod 3 rotates counterclockwise, causing the current collecting head 5 to move laterally to the left, and the spring 4-2 is gradually shortened.
  • the spring 4 -2 returns to the normal length, then the lower rod 3 continues to rotate, retracting the four-bar linkage to the folded state, achieving the landing of the flow receiver.
  • the elastic pull rod is formed by a pair of pull rods and a pair of springs, the pull rods are located at the two ends, and the spring is located in the middle; or the elastic pull rod is formed by the two springs and a length of the pull rods, the spring is at the two ends, the pull rod is in the middle; or the elastic rod
  • the multi-segment spring and the multi-segment rod are alternately butt-joined; or the elastic rod is composed of two rod segments that are matched by the telescopic structure, and a bomb is arranged between the two rod segments. Since there are many ways to implement, there is no longer an example here.
  • the present invention also provides an electric vehicle including a vehicle body, an electric drive system, and a charging system, the charging system is provided with a current receiver, and the current receiving device is the variable track current receiver described above. It is mounted on the roof perpendicular to the length of the vehicle body, that is, the lifting plane of the four-bar linkage of the variable-track receiver and the lateral movement direction of the collecting head are perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body.
  • the lifting plane of the four-bar linkage of the variable-track receiver and the lateral movement direction of the collecting head are perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body.
  • variable track receiver and the electric vehicle provided by the present invention are described in detail above.
  • the principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples.
  • the description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of understanding the core concepts of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and changes to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种变轨迹受流器及电动车辆，包括四连杆机构和集电头（5），所述四连杆机构包括底座（1）、上杆（2）、下杆（3）及拉杆（4），所述集电头（5）设于所述上杆（2）的外延端，所述拉杆（4）为弹性拉杆，所述四连杆机构带动所述集电头（5）具有垂直升降行程和横向运动行程，在垂直升降行程内，所述弹性拉杆保持定长，在横向运动行程内，所述弹性拉杆进行伸缩，所述集电头（5）的受流部位在横向运动方向上位于其外侧。该受流器允许停车位置存在较大偏差距离，便于车辆操作，而且在车身发生晃动的情况下仍能保证稳定受流。

Description

一种变轨迹受流器及电动车辆
本申请要求2015年06月16日提交中国专利局、申请号为201510332298.0、发明名称为“一种变轨迹受流器及电动车辆”的发明专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及快速充电的受电技术领域，特别是用于对储能式电动公交车的超级电容进行快速充电的受流器。本发明还涉及设有所述受流器的电动车辆。
背景技术
随着社会的发展，节能、环保等城市轨道交通发展理念不断提升，储能式电动公交车辆应运而生，所谓储能式电动公交车辆是指使用超级电容来存储电能作为动力进行牵引，采用车顶受流器受流及回流，并利用乘客在站台上下车的几十秒的时间内快速完成充电，一次充电可保证储能式电动公交车辆运行至下一站再进行充电，正是由于上述特点，该车型得到了越来越多的推广使用。
请参考图1、图2，图1为现有储能式电动公交车充电系统的受流器结构示意图；图2为图1的侧视图。
如图所示，现有储能式电动公交车充电系统的受流器，其整体机构可理解为一组沿车辆纵向安装的四连杆机构，供电轨1'安装于受流器2'(或受电弓)的正上方。由于四连杆机构中各杆件为定长，且杆件长度按一定比例设定，在弹簧或气缸驱动力的作用下，受流器2'的集电头3'可实现近似垂直升降，并在垂直升起一定高度后与正上方供电轨1'接触，实现对车辆受流。
这种受流器与其他轨道交通车辆、无轨交通车辆等安装于车顶的受流器(或受电弓)的工作原理基本相同，较为适用于轨道交通车辆，当其应用于无轨交通车辆，例如储能公交车时，存在以下不足：
第一点，现代储能公交车采用普通的橡胶车轮，无轨道导向运行，司乘人员停车误差较大，而上述受流器允许的停车位置横向偏差距离只有 200mm左右，对司乘人员的操作技术要求较高，每次充电对车辆进站时的停车位置及停车角度提出了较高要求，较难满足现场使用要求，不仅不利于车辆的操作方便性，还导致了车辆充电不稳定。
第二点，由于采用车辆进站，受流器升起与正上方的供电轨接触充电的方式给车辆提供动能，乘客上下车时，车身晃动会导致安装于车顶的受流器一起晃动，如此受流器上的集电头会在供电轨上左右晃动，增加了接触电阻，容易导致受流问题。
第三点，为保证集电头在升起后能够与供电轨接触，集电头通常设计成长滑板形式，而过长的集电头会导致结构不稳定。
第四点，受流器落下后，会较大的占用车辆顶部空间，甚至超出车体宽度。
因此，如何增大受流器允许的停车位置偏差距离，以便于车辆操作，并提高受流的稳定性，是本领域技术人员需要解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种变轨迹受流器。该受流器允许停车位置存在较大偏差距离，便于车辆操作，而且在车身发生晃动的情况下仍能保证稳定受流，还具有结构稳定、占用空间小等优点。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种设有所述变轨迹受流器的电动车辆。
为实现上述第一目的，本发明提供一种变轨迹受流器，包括四连杆机构和集电头，所述四连杆机构包括底座、上杆、下杆及拉杆，所述集电头设于所述上杆的外延端，所述拉杆为弹性拉杆，所述四连杆机构带动所述集电头具有垂直升降行程和横向运动行程，在垂直升降行程内，所述弹性拉杆保持定长，在横向运动行程内，所述弹性拉杆进行伸缩，所述集电头的受流部位在横向运动方向上位于其外侧。
优选地，所述弹性拉杆的杆身上沿长度方向设有由弹簧形成的弹性伸缩部。
优选地，所述弹性拉杆包括相互连接的下拉杆和弹簧，其中所述弹簧位于上端，所述下拉杆位于下端。
优选地，所述弹性拉杆包括相互连接的上拉杆和弹簧，其中所述上拉杆位于上端，所述弹簧位于下端。
优选地，所述弹性拉杆包括相互连接的两段拉杆和一段弹簧，所述拉杆位于两端，所述弹簧位于中间。
优选地，所述弹性拉杆包括相互连接的两段弹簧和一段拉杆，所述弹簧位于两端，所述拉杆位于中间。
优选地，所述弹性拉杆包括多段交替连接的弹簧和拉杆。
优选地，所述弹性拉杆包括两节通过伸缩结构配合的杆段，两所述杆段之间设置弹簧。
优选地，所述集电头设有多道电极，且所述电极在其外侧上下间隔平行分布。
优选地，所述集电头通过万向轴承安装于所述上杆，其顶部设有防摩擦滚轮。
为实现上述第二目的，本发明提供一种电动车辆，包括车身、电力驱动系统以及充电系统，所述充电系统设有受流器，所述受流器为上述任一项所述的变轨迹受流器，所述变轨迹受流器垂直于所述车身长度方向安装于车顶。
本发明将受流器四连杆机构中的拉杆设计为弹性拉杆，同时将集电头的受流部位设计在外侧，从而形成在侧方位进行受电的侧向受流器，工作时，供电轨安装于受流器的侧方位，通过拉杆在运动过程中的长度变化，使集电头的运动分解为垂直升降和横向运动的变轨迹运动，集电头先近似垂直升起到一定高度后(>1500mm)，在纵向自由度限制机构的配合下，可继续向外侧水平运动一定距离(>600mm)，直至与供电轨接触实现受电功能，在集电头垂直升降过程中拉杆保持定长，在集电头水平运动过程中拉杆近似线性伸长，由于其集电头具有长距离水平运动功能，因此可以增大允许的停车位置偏差距离，便于车辆操作并提高受流的稳定性，特别适用于现代储能式电动公交车。
本发明所提供的电动车辆设有上述变轨迹受流器，由于所述变轨迹受流器具有上述技术效果，因此，设有该变轨迹受流器的电动车辆也应具有相应的技术效果。
附图说明
图1为现有储能式电动公交车充电系统的受流器结构示意图；
图2为图1的侧视图；
图3为本发明所提供变轨迹受流器的一种具体实施方式的结构示意图；
图4为图3所示变轨迹受流器的起升及横向运动示意图；
图5为图3所示变轨迹受流器的降落示意图。
图1、图2中：
供电轨1'  受流器2'  集电头3'
图3至图5中：
1.底座  2.上杆  3.下杆  4.拉杆  4-1.下拉杆  4-2.弹簧  5.集电头  6.供电轨  7.导向板
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
本文中的上、下、内、外等用语是基于附图所示的位置关系而确立的，根据附图的不同，相应的位置关系也有可能随之发生变化，因此，并不能将其理解为对保护范围的绝对限定。
请参考图3，图3为本发明所提供变轨迹受流器的一种具体实施方式的结构示意图。
在一种具体实施例中，本发明提供的侧向受流器主要由底座1、上杆2、下杆3、拉杆4和集电头5等构成，其中底座1、上杆2、下杆3和拉杆4形成带动集电头5运动的四连杆机构，下杆3的下端通过转轴与底座1相铰接，上端与上杆2相铰接，拉杆4的下端与底座1相铰接，上端与上杆2尾端的拐臂相铰接，上杆2设计成向外延伸的一端较窄，而另一端较宽的“V”字形框架结构，因此又称为上框架。
拉杆4为弹性拉杆，由下拉杆4-1和弹簧4-2对接形成，其中弹簧4-2 位于上端，与上杆2相铰接，下拉杆4-1位于下端，与底座1相铰接。当然，根据需要，下拉杆4-1和弹簧4-2的位置也可以互换，即采用倒装的形式。
集电头5通过万向轴承安装在上杆2的外延端，集电头5的受流部位位于其横向运动方向的外侧，其用于受流的多道电极在外立面上以上下间隔的方式平行分布，顶部设有防摩擦滚轮。
请参考图4，图4为图3所示变轨迹受流器的起升及横向运动示意图。
在实际使用时，供电装置安装在充电地点，通常为公交车站台，其供电轨6在车辆上方的侧部竖直安装，多道供电轨6上下间隔平行分布，其排列方式与集电头5电极的排列方式相一致，各供电轨6的长度大于集电头5电极的长度，以便车辆进站时集电头5在前后较大区域内都能与供电轨接触，各供电轨6的宽度可略宽于集电头5电极的宽度，以提高受流的稳定性。
导向板7(或导向轨)以垂直于供电轨平面的方式水平安装在供电轨6上方，用于在集电头5升起至一定高度后限制其垂向自由度，使其不再继续向上运动，而改为向外横向运动，具体可采用平整的钢板等，变轨迹受流器以垂直于车身长度方向的方式安装在车顶上，其四连杆机构的升降平面和集电头的横向运动方向均垂直于车身的长度方向。
当车辆进站，受流器集电头5需要与供电轨接触时，底座上用于驱动四连杆机构的气缸、弹簧共同作用使下杆3顺时针旋转，由于此阶段的拉力还不足以将弹簧4-2拉长，因此拉杆4的长度保持不变，在四连杆机构的作用下，集电头5在垂直于车身长度方向的竖向平面内以近似垂直的方式升起。
当集电头5升起至1500mm左右高度时，通过其顶部的防摩擦滚轮支撑在导向板7的下表面上，在导向板7的限制下，作用于拉杆4的拉力逐渐变大，从而拉动弹簧4-2线性伸长，实现可伸缩式拉杆功能，形成类似于曲柄滑块的结构，之后，集电头5在导向板7的限制下不再向上升起，拉杆4自动改变长度，集电头5在垂直于车身长度方向的竖向平面内可向外侧横向运动0～700mm，直至与供电装置的供电轨6接触受流。
请参考图5，图5为图3所示变轨迹受流器的降落示意图。
在完成充电后，受流器需要降落时，下杆3逆时针转动，带动集电头5向左横向移动，弹簧4-2逐渐缩短，当集电头5与导向板7脱离后，弹簧4-2恢复至正常长度，然后，下杆3继续转动，将四连杆机构收回至折叠状态，实现受流器的降落。
上述实施例仅是本发明的几种优选方案，具体并不局限于此，在此基础上可根据实际需要作出具有针对性的调整，从而得到不同的实施方式。例如，弹性拉杆由两段拉杆和一段弹簧对接形成，拉杆位于两端，弹簧位于中间；或者，弹性拉杆由两段弹簧和一段拉杆对接形成，弹簧位于两端，拉杆位于中间；或者，弹性拉杆由多段弹簧和多段拉杆交替对接形成；又或者，弹性拉杆由两节通过伸缩结构配合的杆段组成，两杆段之间设置弹等等。由于可能实现的方式较多，这里就不再一一举例说明。
除了上述变轨迹受流器，本发明还提供一种电动车辆，包括车身、电力驱动系统以及充电系统，充电系统设有受流器，且受流器为上文所述的变轨迹受流器，其垂直于车身长度方向安装于车顶，即变轨迹受流器的四连杆机构的升降平面和集电头的横向运动方向均垂直于车身的长度方向，其余结构请参考现有技术，本文不再赘述。
以上对本发明所提供的变轨迹受流器及电动车辆进行了详细介绍。本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种变轨迹受流器，包括四连杆机构和集电头(5)，所述四连杆机构包括底座(1)、上杆(2)、下杆(3)及拉杆(4)，所述集电头(5)设于所述上杆(2)的外延端，其特征在于，所述拉杆(4)为弹性拉杆，所述四连杆机构带动所述集电头(5)具有垂直升降行程和横向运动行程，在垂直升降行程内，所述弹性拉杆保持定长，在横向运动行程内，所述弹性拉杆进行伸缩，所述集电头(5)的受流部位在横向运动方向上位于其外侧。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的变轨迹受流器，其特征在于，所述弹性拉杆的杆身上沿长度方向设有由弹簧形成的弹性伸缩部。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的变轨迹受流器，其特征在于，所述弹性拉杆包括相互连接的下拉杆(4-1)和弹簧(4-2)，其中所述弹簧(4-2)位于上端，所述下拉杆(4-1)位于下端。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的变轨迹受流器，其特征在于，所述弹性拉杆包括相互连接的上拉杆和弹簧，其中所述上拉杆位于上端，所述弹簧位于下端。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的变轨迹受流器，其特征在于，所述弹性拉杆包括相互连接的两段拉杆和一段弹簧，所述拉杆位于两端，所述弹簧位于中间。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的变轨迹受流器，其特征在于，所述弹性拉杆包括相互连接的两段弹簧和一段拉杆，所述弹簧位于两端，所述拉杆位于中间。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的变轨迹受流器，其特征在于，所述弹性拉杆包括多段交替连接的弹簧和拉杆。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的变轨迹受流器，其特征在于，所述弹性拉杆包括两节通过伸缩结构配合的杆段，两所述杆段之间设置弹簧。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8任一项所述的变轨迹受流器，其特征在于，所述集电头(5)设有多道电极，且所述电极在其外侧上下间隔平行分布。
  10. 一种电动车辆，包括车身、电力驱动系统以及充电系统，所述充电系统设有受流器，其特征在于，所述受流器为上述权利要求1至9任一 项所述的变轨迹受流器，所述变轨迹受流器垂直于所述车身长度方向安装于车顶。
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CN104859456B (zh) * 2015-06-16 2017-08-18 南车株洲电力机车有限公司 一种变轨迹受流器及电动车辆
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CN107054098A (zh) * 2017-06-06 2017-08-18 中车株洲电力机车有限公司 一种受流器用升降装置
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