WO2016192655A1 - 一种二维宽窄间隔插秧机 - Google Patents

一种二维宽窄间隔插秧机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016192655A1
WO2016192655A1 PCT/CN2016/084538 CN2016084538W WO2016192655A1 WO 2016192655 A1 WO2016192655 A1 WO 2016192655A1 CN 2016084538 W CN2016084538 W CN 2016084538W WO 2016192655 A1 WO2016192655 A1 WO 2016192655A1
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Prior art keywords
box
planting
boxes
rotary
seedling
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PCT/CN2016/084538
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
栾翠莲
张绍权
尹修安
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安徽省锦禾农业装备有限责任公司
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Publication of WO2016192655A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016192655A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
    • A01C11/02—Transplanting machines for seedlings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a rice transplanter, and more particularly to a wide and narrow row transplanter.
  • the present invention mainly solves the problem that the wide and narrow row rice transplanting machine in the prior art can reduce the total number of holes in order to improve the ventilation and light-passing ability of the seedlings, or realize the wide line by greatly reducing the line spacing of the narrow rows. Therefore, the technical problem of affecting the growth space of the two plants in the narrow row can only achieve the wide and narrow variation in the line spacing in the prior art, and can not achieve the two-dimensional wide and narrow insertion of the line spacing and the wide and narrow plant spacing, which restricts the crop.
  • the marginal advantage is further reflected in the technical problem, providing a kind of ability to In the case of small noise, the plant can effectively improve the ventilation and light-passing ability, and the plants between the narrow rows ensure a reliable growth space, and the two-dimensional width and width of the two-dimensional wide and narrow transplant can be achieved by the same width and narrow spacing of the plant. Interval rice transplanter.
  • a two-dimensional wide and narrow space transplanting machine comprising a frame, a seedling station and a planting mechanism, characterized in that the seedlings include several
  • the seedling board comprises a plurality of planting boxes arranged in a single row, the upper end of the planting box is connected with the driving mechanism, the lower end is provided with a rotating box, and the two ends of the rotating box are provided with the planting arms, each The insertion arm is provided with a plugging claw, the rotary box is set in three groups, and the rotary box in the group is equidistantly arranged, and the spacing of the adjacent rotary boxes between the adjacent two groups is 1.5 of the pitch of the rotary box in the group.
  • each set of rotary boxes corresponds to one of the seed carrying plates, and the driving mechanism is a non-uniform driving mechanism, which has the following characteristics:
  • the non-uniform speed driving mechanism drives the rotary box to move intermittently through the planting box, and the insertion claws at both ends of the rotary box are respectively performed in one movement cycle to complete the planting action, and then enter a interval section, in the interval section. , the rotary box rotates or pauses at a low speed, and enters the next motion cycle after the interval.
  • the existing wide and narrow row rice transplanting machines generally have two kinds, one is that the cutting mouth is evenly arranged, and the wide and narrow row cutting is realized by the lateral displacement of the rotary box during the rotating process, and the rice transplanting machine is mainly adapted to the existing one. It is set up on the ordinary rice transplanter. Its main feature is that it can use the seedlings of the existing ordinary rice transplanter, and the other is to set the cornice to a wide and narrow pitch. The setting of the rotary box corresponds to the picking port. Both of these rice transplanters achieve a wide-to-narrow variation in the spacing of the inserted rows.
  • the present invention adopts three sets of rotary boxes, and the distance between the three rotary boxes is small, and the spacing between the groups is 1.5-2 times the spacing of the rotary boxes in the group to realize two narrow rows and one wide row.
  • the width and width of the line are set.
  • the rotation of the rotary box is a cycle of motion of the system.
  • the transmission output of the rotary box and the transmission gear pair are alternated in one speed, and driven by the transmission gear pair.
  • the rotary box quickly completes two insertions and then stops at a low speed or pauses for a certain period of time, and then enters the next movement cycle.
  • the rice transplanter rotates at a uniform speed during the process, it realizes the distance between the first two seedlings, the second strain.
  • the distance between the seedling and the third plant is far, and the distance between the fourth plant and the third plant is closer to the width of the plant.
  • Due to the combination of the wide and narrow line spacing and the wide and narrow plant spacing a two-dimensional wide and narrow transplanting can be realized, so that the marginal advantage of the crop is maximized.
  • the lower end of the planting box is provided with two left and right synchronous output shafts, wherein the left output shaft is arranged with a left turn box and a middle turn box, and the right output shaft is provided with a right turn box.
  • the three rotary boxes on one planting box are a group.
  • the arrangement of such a rotary box has three rotary boxes on the same planting box, and three rotary boxes are one set, and the spacing of the two insertion boxes determines the spacing between the two sets of rotary boxes, by setting the insertion The spacing of the planting boxes achieves a wide line spacing.
  • the plurality of planting boxes are divided into a single output planting box and a double output planting box, the single output planting box is provided with a rotating box, and the double output planting box is provided with two left and right rotating boxes.
  • Two single output planting boxes, the left and right side rotating boxes of the double output planting box and the two rotating boxes adjacent to the two sides respectively form a group.
  • the narrow line of wide and narrow row insertion technology needs to be 20CM, and the structure of the rotary box is more complicated.
  • the two rotary boxes of the double output planting box need to achieve this spacing requirement, and the process cost is high.
  • the reliability is also difficult to guarantee. Therefore, in the technical solution, the rotary boxes on both sides of the same planting box are divided into two adjacent groups, and the two rotating boxes are actually responsible for the insertion work of the wide row, which is greatly Reduced process costs and increased reliability.
  • the seedling plate has a width of 58-63 mm.
  • the invention adopts two narrow rows and one wide row of transplanting techniques, and the planting arms of the three rotary boxes take the seedlings on the same seedling board, which makes the width of the carpet seedlings need to be greatly increased, but the existing carpet seedlings
  • the nursery equipment has been standardized, and has been promoted in a large area. If the width of the nursery is changed, it will inevitably require the most cost and cause unnecessary waste. In turn, it will greatly affect the promotion of this new type of wide and narrow row transplanting.
  • the existing standard size of the carpet seedlings is: 28CM wide and 58CM long.
  • the existing rice transplanting machine adopts the method of placing the seedlings in the longitudinal direction without exception, and the width of the seedling board of the present invention realizes the lateral placement of the seedlings,
  • the transplanting claws on the three rotary boxes of the group are taken in the same way as the seedlings on the same carpet seedling.
  • a row of seedlings is taken out.
  • the non-uniform drive mechanism is a variable speed transmission box
  • the variable speed transmission box includes one or if A shifting gear pair that can be switched to work
  • each shifting gear pair is composed of a driving gear and a driven gear
  • each driving gear is connected to the power input end through a corresponding transmission mechanism
  • each driven gear passes through a corresponding transmission mechanism and
  • the main input shaft is connected, and when the input power is rotating at a constant speed, the transmission output of the transmission gear pair is rotated slowly and phasewise, and the rotary box rotates in a rotation cycle, thereby driving the two ends of the same rotary box. Planting the arm quickly and slowly.
  • the shift gear pair is an intermittently driven gear pair
  • the intermittent drive gear pair includes a driven incomplete gear and an active incomplete gear and a corresponding driven gear shaft and active
  • the gear shaft, the driven incomplete gear and the active incomplete gear are distributed with teeth only on a section of the circumference of the gear, and are correspondingly engaged with each other, wherein a concave arc segment is provided on the circumference of the driven incomplete gear non-distributed tooth.
  • the circumference of the active incomplete gear non-distributing tooth is provided with a convex arc segment adapted to the concave arc segment.
  • the rotary box rotates once for one motion period T of the driving mechanism, one motion period is further divided into a working period T1 and an interval period ⁇ 2, and in the working period T1, the active incomplete gear drives the incomplete movement.
  • the two insertion arms of the rotary box complete two complete picking and inserting processes in succession, and then enter the interval period T2.
  • the teeth of the active incomplete gear and the driven incomplete gear are disengaged and driven.
  • the concave arc segment on the incomplete gear gradually conforms to the convex arc segment, the convex arc segment and the concave arc segment relatively slide. Therefore, during the interval period, the rotary box rotates with a low belt and then stops moving.
  • the rotary box adjusts the rotation speed after one working cycle T1, and then stops after the deceleration in the interval period. After the interval period ends, the drive mechanism resumes the normal rotation speed, so that the rotary box alternately moves in a movement cycle. .
  • the driving mechanism drives the rotary box to move at a normal rotation speed, and the planting mechanism completes two planting operations in one working cycle, and then enters an interval period, and in the interval period, the rotary box has a low speed Or stop turning. Since the rice transplanter walks at a constant speed under normal working conditions, it is possible to realize a variable width and a narrow plant spacing of the transplanting distance.
  • the seedling plate is composed of a plate body and a seedling feeding belt, wherein the plate body is composed of a guide plate and a seedling plate, and the guide plate is disposed at an upper end of the seedling plate, and the seedling plate is provided with a seedling plate.
  • the feeding belt is disposed longitudinally, and the feeding board is an arch structure with low central and high sides, and the feeding board and the guiding board smoothly transition.
  • the guide plate is the position of the upper jaw, and the carpet seed can be placed on the guide plate by mechanical or manual means, which generally uses the gravity of the carpet seedling to move down.
  • the carpet seedlings are moved down to the seedling board, the carpet seedlings are generally moved downwards under the action of the feeding belt. Since the present invention is to send the seedling boards into an arch structure, the carpet seedlings entering the seedling board are presented as one.
  • the arch structure greatly improves the mechanical strength of the carpet seedlings and reduces the problems of tilting, offsetting, and local scattering of the carpet seedlings.
  • the arched structure of the seedling plate has an arch height of 5-18 mm.
  • the feeding belt is provided with two, and the two feeding belts are longitudinally parallel, and the feeding belt is perpendicular to the direction of the arched surface of the corresponding position.
  • the arched surface is a curved surface whose direction is perpendicular to the cutting plane of the corresponding position. Therefore, the feeding belt is parallel to the direction of the cutting surface, which helps to better drive the carpet seedling to move and damage the carpet structure.
  • the plate body is an inverted trapezoidal structure with a large upper and lower sides, and edge plates are arranged on both sides of the plate body, and an angle between the edge baffles on the two sides is 6-10 degrees.
  • the angle is determined according to the structural characteristics of the carpet seedling and the density of the seedling. The angle is too large, which causes the carpet seedling to be squeezed too much, which affects its overall downward movement, and even its partial downward movement, and some of it does not move down. The problem is that it damages the structure of the carpet.
  • the present invention also provides a working method of the above wide and narrow row rice transplanter, comprising the following steps:
  • the invention has the beneficial effects of solving the problem that the wide and narrow row transplanter in the prior art reduces the total number of holes in order to improve the ventilation and light-passing ability of the seedling, or greatly reduces the narrow line.
  • the technical problem of the row spacing to achieve wide rows thus affecting the growth space of the two plants in the narrow row, realizes an ability to effectively improve the ventilation and light transmission of the plant under the influence of the total number of holes.
  • Plants between narrow rows ensure a reliable growth space.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a seedling stage and a planting mechanism according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a seedling stage and a planting mechanism according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a seedling plate of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 3.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of the planting effect of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a front elevational view of the shifting transmission case of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of Figure 7.
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1 :
  • the present invention is a novel wide and narrow row transplanter, including a frame, a seedling table, and a planting mechanism, wherein the seedling table includes four seedling plates 1 and is loaded with seedlings.
  • the width of the plate 1 is 60CM
  • the seedling plate is composed of a plate body and a feeding belt 2-3.
  • the plate body is an inverted trapezoidal structure with a large upper and a lower shape, and edge plates 2-4 are provided on both sides of the plate body.
  • the angle between the edge baffles is 6-10 degrees
  • the plate body is composed of a guide plate 2-1, a seedling plate 2-2, and the guide plate 2-1 is disposed at the upper end of the seedling plate, and the seedling plate is sent.
  • the 2-2 is provided with the longitudinally disposed, parallel to each other, the feeding belt 2-3, and the feeding board is an arched structure with low central and high sides, and the arching height is 10 mm.
  • the feeding belt 2-3 is perpendicular to the direction of the arched surface of the corresponding position.
  • the seedling plate is smoothly transitioned with the guide plate.
  • the planting mechanism comprises four planting boxes 2 arranged in a single row, the upper end of the planting box 2 is connected with the driving mechanism, and the lower end of the planting box 2 is provided with two left and right synchronous output shafts, wherein the left output shaft is arranged side by side
  • Each insertion arm is provided with a insertion claw 4, and the rotary box in the group is equidistantly arranged, and the spacing of adjacent rotary boxes between adjacent groups is twice the distance of the rotary box in the group, and each group of rotary boxes corresponds to one The seedling board 1.
  • the spacing between the two planting boxes determines the between the two sets of rotary boxes Distance, the line spacing of the wide rows is achieved by setting the spacing of the planting boxes.
  • Each set of rotary boxes corresponds to one of the seed carrying plates, and the driving mechanism is a non-uniform driving mechanism, which has the following characteristics:
  • the non-uniform speed driving mechanism drives the rotary box to intermittently move through the planting box, and the insertion claws at both ends of the rotary box are respectively rotated once in a movement cycle, and then enter a spacing section, in the interval section. , the rotary box rotates or pauses at a low speed, and enters the next motion cycle after the interval.
  • the non-uniform driving mechanism is a shifting transmission box
  • the shifting transmission box includes a plurality of shifting gear pairs that are switchable, each of which is driven by a driving gear and a driven gear.
  • the gear is configured, each of the driving gears is connected to the power input end through a corresponding transmission mechanism, and each of the driven gears is connected to the main input shaft through a corresponding transmission mechanism, and the transmission gear pair is passed through when the input power is rotating at a constant speed.
  • the transmission output rotates slowly and slowly, and causes the rotary box to rotate in a fast rotation and a slow phase, thereby driving the planting arms at both ends of the same rotary box to work faster and slower.
  • the shift gear pair is an intermittently driven gear pair
  • the intermittent drive gear pair includes a driven incomplete gear 3-1 and an active incomplete gear 3-2 and a corresponding driven gear shaft 3- 4 and the driving gear shaft 3-3
  • the driven incomplete gear and the active incomplete gear are distributed with teeth only on a section of the circumference of the gear, and are correspondingly engaged with each other, wherein the driven incomplete gear is not disposed on the circumference of the tooth.
  • a concave arc segment 3-5, the circumference of the active incomplete gear non-distributing tooth is provided with a convex arc segment 3-6 adapted to the concave arc segment.
  • the active incomplete gear of the intermittent gear transmission box rotates during the rotation process, and drives the driven incomplete gear to rotate.
  • the toothed portions of the two teeth mesh with each other, and the last tooth of the active incomplete gear enters.
  • the concave arc segment and the convex arc segment gradually fit together, and during the fitting process, the convex arc segment drives the follower
  • the complete gear rotates slowly until the concave arc segment and the convex arc segment completely fit. Then, the driven incomplete gear stops rotating, the active incomplete gear continues to rotate, and the convex arc segment and the concave arc segment slide relative to each other.
  • the tooth on the other end of the active incomplete gear begins to enter the spacer groove of the driven incomplete gear, and drives the next movement of the driven incomplete gear. Therefore, the present invention realizes an active continuous motion, a fast motion of the driven side - a slow motion - a stop motion, and then an alternating motion of rapid motion, and the alternating process is smooth, without a mechanical shock in principle, and also guarantees his service life.
  • the following process of the plunger mechanism can be completed:
  • the rotary box rotates once for one motion period T of the driving mechanism, one motion cycle is divided For the working period Tl and the interval period T2, in the working period Tl, the active incomplete gear drives the driven incomplete gear movement, and the two insertion arms of the rotary box continuously complete two complete picking and transplanting processes, and then enter the interval.
  • Cycle T2 after that, the teeth of the active incomplete gear and the driven incomplete gear are disengaged, and the concave arc segment on the driven incomplete gear gradually conforms to the convex arc segment, and the convex arc segment and the concave surface The arc segments slide relative to each other. Therefore, during the interval period, the rotary box rotates with a low belt and then stops moving.
  • the rotary box adjusts the rotation speed after one working cycle T1, and then stops after the deceleration in the interval period. After the interval period ends, the drive mechanism resumes the normal rotation speed, so that the rotary box alternately moves in a movement cycle. .
  • the driving mechanism drives the rotary box to move at a normal rotation speed, and the planting mechanism completes two planting actions in one working cycle, and then enters an interval period, and in the interval period, the rotary box has a low speed Or stop turning.
  • the present invention uses a enamel to place a standard carpet seedling laterally on a seedling plate. (Because the length of the standard carpet seedling is 58 CM, the present embodiment is considered to require a certain gap between the carpet seedling and the two sides of the plate body. For example, the width of the seedling plate is set to 60CM.
  • the seedlings are moved laterally, and the rotary boxes rotate synchronously, and the transplanting claws of the three rotating boxes of the same group are taken from the same carpet seedling, and the rotary box of the same group
  • the cymbals inserted into the insertion claws are narrow rows, and the cymbals inserted into the insertion claws of the rotary box between the groups are wide rows, forming a narrow and one wide seedling row spacing layout.
  • the present invention adopts three sets of rotary boxes, and the distance between the three rotary boxes is small, and the distance between the groups is set to be twice the spacing of the rotary boxes in the group, realizing two narrow rows and one width.
  • the width and width of the line are set.
  • the final realization effect is a process of widening and narrowing in the row spacing direction, and also having a wide and narrow variation in the plant spacing, as shown in FIG. 5 .
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the present embodiment further improves the planting mechanism, and divides the planting box into a single output planting box 21 and a dual output planting box 22, and a single output plug.
  • the planting box is provided with a rotary box 3
  • the double output planting box is provided with two left and right rotating boxes 3
  • a single output planting box is arranged between the two double output planting boxes, and the left side of the leftmost double output planting box is arranged.
  • the two adjacent turns boxes form a group.
  • the invention realizes a new wide and narrow row transplanting which is narrow and wide in the row spacing and realizes a narrow and wide interval in the plant spacing, so that the influence on the total number of holes is small.
  • the plant's ventilation and light-passing capacity is effectively improved, and the plants between the narrow rows ensure a reliable growth space, and the steps increase the rice yield.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Transplanting Machines (AREA)

Abstract

一种二维宽窄间隔插秧机，包括车架、苗台及插植机构。苗台包括若干个载苗板（1）。插植机构包括单排设置的若干插植箱（2），插植箱的上端与驱动机构相连，下端设有回转箱。回转箱的两端设有插植臂，每个插植臂上设有插秧爪（4）。回转箱三个为一组，组内回转箱等距设置，相邻两组之间的相邻回转箱的间距是组内回转箱间距的1.5-2倍，每组回转箱对应一个载苗板。驱动机构为非匀速驱动机构，通过插植箱带动回转箱间隔性周期运动。该插秧机增强了秧苗通风通光能力，提高产量。

Description

一种二维宽窄间隔插秧机
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种插秧机， 尤其是涉及一种宽窄行插秧机。
背景技术
[0002] 传统的水稻栽培一般都采用等行距、 等株距的插植方法， 但是这种插植方法植 株与植株之间必然会出现遮阳的问题， 而且对泥土中的养分的利用不均匀， 从 而造成很大的浪费。 目前宽窄行插秧方法已经得到广泛的应用， 它是窄行距与 宽行距间隔栽培的一种水稻高产栽培技术。 该栽培方式既能保证单位面积上的 穴数合理， 又具有植株群体分布合理,通风透光性能好,光合作用率高等优点，因此 单产水平较高，是高产攻关常选择的栽培方式之一。 同吋， 由于通风透光性增强 ， 使稻株间湿度降低， 可在一定程度上减轻病虫危害， 最终达到高产增收的目 的。 农艺科学的进一步研究表明， 紧紧相邻两行植株互相之间对阳光的遮避作 用是有限的， 对通风的影响也较小， 只有多行植株行距较窄吋， 才会对植株的 通风、 通空造成明显的影响， 进而影响水稻的产量。 因此， 从这一农艺上的发 现， 我们选择了一种更为科学有效的水稻插植方法， 即两窄行一宽行的插植方 法， 也就是说， 以三行植株为一组， 两组植株之间设一较宽的间距， 组内间距 较窄， 构成"窄-窄 -宽-窄-窄 "的宽窄行布局。 如果在行距上的宽窄变化的基础上 ， 再加上插秧株距的宽窄变化， 就可以实现二维宽窄插秧， 作物的边际优势得 到更大的体现， 作物的通风、 通光， 减少虫害的能力都可以得到很大的提高。 但是现有插秧机械都无法完成行距宽窄和株距宽窄同吋实现的二维宽窄插秧。 技术问题
[0003] 本发明主要是解决现有技术中宽窄行插秧机为了提高秧苗的通风、 通光能力而 使得总穴数较大程度的减少， 或者通过大大减小窄行的行距， 来实现宽行， 从 而对窄行的两株植株的生长空间造成影响的技术问题， 现有技术中只能实现行 距上的宽窄变化， 不能达到行距宽窄和株距宽窄同吋实现的二维宽窄插秧， 制 约作物的边际优势得到进一步的体现的技术问题， 提供一种能够在对总穴数影 响较小的情况下， 有效提高植株的通风通光能力， 且窄行间的植株保证了可靠 的生长空间， 同吋能达到行距宽窄和株距宽窄同吋实现的二维宽窄插秧的二维 宽窄间隔插秧机。
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0004] 本发明的上述技术问题主要是通过下述技术方案得以解决的： 一种二维宽窄间 隔插秧机， 包括车架、 苗台以及插植机构， 其特征在于所述的苗台包括若干个 载苗板， 所述的插植机构包括单排设置的若干插植箱， 插植箱的上端与驱动机 构相连， 下端设有回转箱， 回转箱的两端设有插植臂， 每个插植臂上设有插秧 爪， 所述的回转箱以三个为一组， 组内回转箱等距设置， 相邻两组之间的相邻 回转箱的间距是组内回转箱间距的 1.5-2倍， 每组回转箱对应于一个所述载苗板 ， 所述的驱动机构为非匀速驱动机构， 它具有如下特点：
[0005] 非匀速驱动机构通过插植箱每带动回转箱间隔性周期运动， 一个运动周期内带 动回转箱两端的插秧爪各完成一次插植动作， 然后进入一个间隔吋段， 在间隔 吋段内， 回转箱低速转动或暂停运动， 间隔吋段后进入下一个运动周期。
[0006] 现有的宽窄行插秧机一般有两种， 一种是取秧口均匀设置， 通过回转箱在转动 过程中的横向位移实现宽窄行插秧， 这种插秧机主要是为了适应在现有普通插 秧机上进行改造而设置的， 它的主要特点是可以采用现有普通插秧机的苗台， 另一种是取秧口设置成宽窄间距， 回转箱的设置与取秧口相对应。 这两种插秧 机均实现了插秧行距的一宽一窄间隔变化。 而本发明通过三个为一组回转箱， 且三个回转箱的间距较小， 组与组之间的间距是组内回转箱的间距的 1.5-2倍的 设置实现两窄行一宽行的宽窄行设置。
[0007] 本发明在使用中， 回转箱转动一周为系统的一个运动周期， 在这个运动周其内 ， 回转箱与变速齿轮副的传动输出均完成一次快慢交替， 在变速齿轮副的带动 下， 回转箱快速完成两次插秧后低速或暂停一定吋间， 再进入下一个运动周期 ， 由于在此过程中， 插秧机整体匀速转动， 所以， 它实现了前两株秧苗距离较 近， 第二株秧苗与第三株距离较远， 第四株与第三株距离又较近 ......的宽窄株 距的插植效果。 [0008] 因上述宽窄行距和宽窄株距作用的结合， 可以实现二维宽窄插秧， 使得作物的 边际优势得到最大程度的体现。
[0009] 作为优选， 所述插植箱的下端设有左右两个同步输出轴， 其中左输出轴上并排 设有左回转箱、 中回转箱， 右输出轴上设有一个右回转箱， 同一个插植箱上的 三个回转箱为一组。 这种一种回转箱的排列形式， 同一个插植箱上设有三个回 转箱， 三个回转箱为一组， 两个插植箱的间距设置决定两组回转箱的间距， 通 过设置该插植箱的间距实现宽行的行距。
[0010] 作为优选， 所述的若干插植箱分为单输出插植箱与双输出插植箱， 单输出插植 箱设有一个回转箱， 双输出插植箱设有左右两个回转箱， 两个双输出插植箱之 间设有单输出插植箱， 最左侧双输出插植箱的左边设有两个单输出插植箱， 最 右侧双输出插植箱的右边设有两个单输出插植箱， 所述的双输出插植箱的左右 两侧回转箱分别和两侧与之邻近的两个回转箱构成一组。 现有的农艺科学表明
， 宽窄行插秧技术的窄行需在 20CM， 而回转箱的结构较为复杂， 双输出插植箱 的两个回转箱要实现这个间距要求， 其工艺成本较高， 就现有农机技术而言， 其可靠性也很难保证， 因此， 本技术方案中， 将同一插植箱两侧的回转箱分列 在相邻的两组中， 这两个回转箱实际负责宽行的插植工作， 大大降低了工艺成 本， 提高了它的可靠性。
[0011] 作为优选， 所述的载苗板宽度为 58-63mm。 本发明采用了两窄行一宽行的插秧 技术， 三个回转箱的插植臂取同一个苗板上的秧苗， 这种使得毯苗的宽度需要 大幅增加， 但是， 现有的毯苗的育苗设备已经标准化， 且得到了大面积的推广 ， 如果改变育苗宽度的话， 势必需要大最的成本， 造成不必要的浪费， 反过来 ， 也会大大的影响这种新型的宽窄行插秧的推广， 现有的毯苗的标准尺寸为： 宽 28CM、 长 58CM， 现有的插秧机无一例外的采用纵向放置苗毯的方式， 而本 发明的载苗板的宽度实现了横向放置苗板， 同组的三个回转箱上的插秧爪分三 段同吋取同一个毯苗上的秧苗， 当载苗板走完一个行程吋， 正好一排秧苗取完 。 这种设置使得本发明的新型的宽窄行插秧机可以利用现有的毯苗及现有的设 备， 避免造成浪费。
[0012] 作为优选， 所述的非匀速驱动机构为变速传动箱， 该变速传动箱包括一个或若 干个可切换工作的变速齿轮副， 每个变速齿轮副由主动齿轮和从动齿轮构成， 各主动齿轮均通过相应的传动机构与动力输入端相连， 各从动齿轮通过相应的 传动机构与所述的主输入轴相连， 在输入动力为匀速转动的情况下， 通过变速 齿轮副的传动输出快慢相间的转动， 并使得回转箱在一个回转周期内快慢相间 转动， 从而带动同一回转箱两端的插植臂一快一慢作业。
[0013] 作为优选， 所述的变速齿轮副为一个间歇式传动的齿轮副， 该间歇式传动的齿 轮副包括一个从动不完全齿轮和一个主动不完全齿轮以及相应的从动齿轮轴和 主动齿轮轴， 从动不完全齿轮和主动不完全齿轮均只在齿轮圆周的一段上分布 有齿， 且相互对应啮合， 其中从动不完全齿轮不分布齿的圆周上设有一段凹面 圆弧段， 主动不完全齿轮不分布齿的圆周上设有与所述的凹面圆弧段相适配的 凸面圆弧段。
[0014] 本技术方案实现了主动侧持续运动， 从动侧快速运动-缓慢运动 -停止运动， 然 后再快速运动的交替过程， 并且交替过程平稳， 没有原理上的机械冲击， 也保 证了他的使用寿命。 在插秧机构的驱动力连接转动的过程中， 可以完成插杆机 构的如下过程：
[0015] 若所述的回转箱转动一周为驱动机构的一个运动周期 T， 一个运动周期 Τ又分 为工作周期 T1和间隔周期 Τ2， 在工作周期 Tl内， 主动不完全齿轮带动从动不完 全齿轮运动， 回转箱的两个插植臂连续完成两次完整的取秧、 插秧过程， 然后 进入间隔周期 T2， 此吋， 主动不完全齿轮和从动不完全齿轮上的齿相脱离， 从 动不完全齿轮上的凹面圆弧段逐渐与凸面圆弧段相贴合后， 凸面圆弧段与凹面 圆弧段相对滑动。 因此， 在间隔周期内， 回转箱先低带转动， 后停止运动。 实 现了回转箱每运转一个工作周期 T1后调整一次转动速度， 在间隔周期内先减速 后停止转动， 间隔周期结束后， 驱动机构又恢复正常转速， 使得回转箱在一个 运动周期 Τ内快慢交替运动。
[0016] 在工作周期 T1内， 驱动机构带动回转箱以正常转速运动， 而该插植机构在一个 工作周期内共完成两次插植动作， 然后进入间隔周期， 在间隔周期内， 回转箱 低速或停止转动。 由于插秧机在正常工作情况下， 匀速行走， 可以实现插秧间 距一宽一窄的变株距插植。 [0017] 作为优选， 所述载苗板由板体、 送苗带构成， 所述的板体由引导板、 送苗板构 成， 引导板设于送苗板的上端， 送苗板上设有纵向设置的所述送苗带， 所述的 送苗板为两侧低中部高的拱形结构， 送苗板与所述的引导板平滑过渡。 引导板 是上秧的位置， 可以采用机械或人工的方式将毯苗放置在引导板， 它一般利用 毯苗的本身重力下移。 当毯苗下移到送苗板上后， 毯苗一般是在送苗带的作用 下向下精确移动， 由于本发明是送苗板为拱形结构， 使得进入送苗板的毯苗呈 一个拱形结构， 这样大大提高了毯苗的力学强度， 减少毯苗的倾斜、 偏移、 局 部散乱等问题。
[0018] 作为优选， 所述的送苗板的拱形结构的起拱高度为 5-18mm。
[0019] 作为优选， 所述的送苗带设有两个， 且两个送苗带纵向平行， 送苗带与其对应 位置的拱形面的方向相垂直。 拱形面是一个弧面， 其方向是相应位置的切面方 向相垂直， 所以送苗带与切面方向相平行， 有助与其更好的带动毯苗移动， 且 会对毯苗结构造成破坏。
[0020] 作为优选， 所述的板体为上大下小的倒梯形结构， 板体两侧设有边缘挡板， 两 侧所述的边缘挡板之间的夹角为 6-10度。 该夹角是根据毯苗的结构特征以及育秧 密度而定， 该夹角太大， 会使得毯苗受挤压过大， 而影响其整体下移， 甚至出 现其部分下移， 部分没有下移的问题， 对毯苗结构造成破坏。
[0021] 本发明还提供了上述宽窄行插秧机的作业方法， 包括如下步骤：
[0022] 将标准毯苗横向置于载苗板上， 苗台横向移动， 各回转箱同步转动， 且同一组 的三个回转箱的插秧爪同吋向同一个毯苗取秧， 同组间的回转箱的插秧爪所插 的秧为窄行， 组与组之间的回转箱的插秧爪所插的秧为宽行， 形成两窄一宽的 秧苗行距布局。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0023] 本发明的带来的有益效果是， 解决了现有技术中宽窄行插秧机为了提高秧苗的 通风、 通光能力而使得总穴数较大程度的减少， 或者通过大大减小窄行的行距 ， 来实现宽行， 从而对窄行的两株植株的生长空间造成影响的技术问题， 实现 了一种能够在对总穴数影响较小的情况下， 有效提高植株的通风通光能力， 且 窄行间的植株保证了可靠的生长空间。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0024] 附图 1是本发明的实施例 1的苗台及插植机构的一种结构示意图；
[0025] 附图 2是本发明的实施例 2的苗台及插植机构的一种结构示意图；
[0026] 附图 3是本发明的载苗板的一种结构示意图；
[0027] 附图 4是附图 3的 A-A处的剖面图。
[0028] 附图 5是本发明的插植效果示意图；
[0029] 附图 6是本发明的变速传动箱一种主视图；
[0030] 附图 7是附图 6的 A-A处的剖视图；
[0031] 附图 8是附图 7的 C-C处的剖视图。
本发明的实施方式
[0032] 下面通过实施例， 并结合附图， 对本发明的技术方案作进一步具体的说明。
[0033] 实施例 1 :
[0034] 如图 1、 3、 4所示， 本发明是一种新型宽窄行插秧机， 包括车架、 苗台以及插 植机构， 所述的苗台包括四个载苗板 1， 载苗板 1的宽度均为 60CM， 载苗板由板 体、 送苗带 2-3构成， 板体为上大下小的倒梯形结构， 板体两侧设有边缘挡板 2-4 ， 两侧所述的边缘挡板之间的夹角为 6-10度， 板体由引导板 2-1、 送苗板 2-2构成 ， 引导板 2-1设于送苗板的上端， 送苗板 2-2上设有纵向设置， 且相互平行的所述 送苗带 2-3， 所述的送苗板为两侧低中部高的拱形结构， 其起拱高度为 10mm。 送 苗带 2-3与其对应位置的拱形面的方向相垂直。 送苗板与所述的引导板平滑过渡 。 所述的插植机构包括单排设置的四个插植箱 2， 插植箱 2的上端与驱动机构相 连， 插植箱 2的下端设有左右两个同步输出轴， 其中左输出轴上并排设有左回转 箱 31、 中回转箱 32， 右输出轴上设有一个右回转箱 33， 同一个插植箱上的三个 回转箱为一组， 回转箱的两端设有插植臂， 每个插植臂上设有插秧爪 4， 组内回 转箱等距设置， 相邻两组之间的相邻回转箱的间距是组内回转箱间距的 2倍， 每 组回转箱对应于一个所述载苗板 1。 两个插植箱的间距设置决定两组回转箱的间 距， 通过设置该插植箱的间距实现宽行的行距。 每组回转箱对应于一个所述载 苗板， 所述的驱动机构为非匀速驱动机构， 它具有如下特点：
[0035] 非匀速驱动机构通过插植箱每带动回转箱间隔性周期运动， 一个运动周期内带 动回转箱两端的插秧爪各完成一次插植动作， 然后进入一个间隔吋段， 在间隔 吋段内， 回转箱低速转动或暂停运动， 间隔吋段后进入下一个运动周期。
[0036] 如图 6、 图 7、 图 8所示， 非匀速驱动机构为变速传动箱， 该变速传动箱包括若 干个可切换工作的变速齿轮副， 每个变速齿轮副由主动齿轮和从动齿轮构成， 各主动齿轮均通过相应的传动机构与动力输入端相连， 各从动齿轮通过相应的 传动机构与所述的主输入轴相连， 在输入动力为匀速转动的情况下， 通过变速 齿轮副的传动输出快慢相间的转动， 并使得回转箱在一个回转周期内快慢相间 转动， 从而带动同一回转箱两端的插植臂一快一慢作业。 所述的变速齿轮副为 一个间歇式传动的齿轮副， 该间歇式传动的齿轮副包括一个从动不完全齿轮 3-1 和一个主动不完全齿轮 3-2以及相应的从动齿轮轴 3-4和主动齿轮轴 3-3， 从动不 完全齿轮和主动不完全齿轮均只在齿轮圆周的一段上分布有齿， 且相互对应啮 合， 其中从动不完全齿轮不分布齿的圆周上设有一段凹面圆弧段 3-5， 主动不完 全齿轮不分布齿的圆周上设有与所述的凹面圆弧段相适配的凸面圆弧段 3-6。
[0037] 间歇式齿轮传动箱的主动不完全齿轮在转动过程， 带动从动不完全齿轮转动， 在此过程中， 两者有齿的部分相互啮合转动， 当主动不完全齿轮的最后一个齿 进入到从动不完全齿轮的最后一个齿与凹面圆弧段之间的间隔凹槽吋， 凹面圆 弧段与凸面圆弧段逐渐贴合， 在贴合过程中， 凸面圆弧段带动从动不完全齿轮 缓慢转动， 直到凹面圆弧段与凸面圆弧段完全贴合， 然后， 从动不完全齿轮停 止转动， 主动不完全齿轮继续转动， 凸面圆弧段与凹面圆弧段相对滑动， 直动 主动不完全齿轮另一端的齿幵始进入到从动不完全齿轮的间隔凹槽内， 带动从 动不完全齿轮下一次运动。 因此， 本发明实现了主动持续运动， 从动侧快速运 动-缓慢运动 -停止运动， 然后再快速运动的交替过程， 并且交替过程平稳， 没有 原理上的机械冲击， 也保证了他的使用寿命。 在插秧机构的驱动力连接转动的 过程中， 可以完成插杆机构的如下过程：
[0038] 若所述的回转箱转动一周为驱动机构的一个运动周期 T， 一个运动周期 Τ又分 为工作周期 Tl和间隔周期 T2， 在工作周期 Tl内， 主动不完全齿轮带动从动不完 全齿轮运动， 回转箱的两个插植臂连续完成两次完整的取秧、 插秧过程， 然后 进入间隔周期 T2， 此吋， 主动不完全齿轮和从动不完全齿轮上的齿相脱离， 从 动不完全齿轮上的凹面圆弧段逐渐与凸面圆弧段相贴合后， 凸面圆弧段与凹面 圆弧段相对滑动。 因此， 在间隔周期内， 回转箱先低带转动， 后停止运动。 实 现了回转箱每运转一个工作周期 T1后调整一次转动速度， 在间隔周期内先减速 后停止转动， 间隔周期结束后， 驱动机构又恢复正常转速， 使得回转箱在一个 运动周期 Τ内快慢交替运动。
[0039] 在工作周期 T1内， 驱动机构带动回转箱以正常转速运动， 而该插植机构在一个 工作周期内共完成两次插植动作， 然后进入间隔周期， 在间隔周期内， 回转箱 低速或停止转动。
[0040] 本发明在使用吋， 将标准毯苗横向置于载苗板上， （由于标准毯苗的长度为 58 CM, 考虑到毯苗与板体的两侧需要一定的间隙， 所以本实施例将载苗板的宽度 设置为 60CM) 苗台横向移动， 各回转箱同步转动， 且同一组的三个回转箱的插 秧爪同吋向同一个毯苗取秧， 同组间的回转箱的插秧爪所插的秧为窄行， 组与 组之间的回转箱的插秧爪所插的秧为宽行， 形成两窄一宽的秧苗行距布局。
[0041] 本发明通过三个为一组回转箱， 且三个回转箱的间距较小， 组与组之间的间距 是组内回转箱的间距的 2倍的设置， 实现两窄行一宽行的宽窄行设置。 且由于其 同吋实现了株距上的宽窄变化， 因此其最终实现的效果是既在行距方向具有宽 窄变化， 也在株距上有宽窄变化的二维宽窄间隔插秧的过程， 如图 5所示的植株 5的布局。
[0042]
[0043] 实施例 2:
[0044] 如图 2所示， 本实施例在实施例 1的基础上， 对插植机构进一步改进， 将插植箱 分为单输出插植箱 21与双输出插植箱 22， 单输出插植箱设有一个回转箱 3， 双输 出插植箱设有左右两个回转箱 3， 两个双输出插植箱之间设有单输出插植箱， 最 左侧双输出插植箱的左边设有两个单输出插植箱， 最右侧双输出插植箱的右边 设有两个单输出插植箱， 所述的双输出插植箱的左右两侧回转箱分别和两侧与 之邻近的两个回转箱构成一组。 现有的农艺科学表明， 宽窄行插秧技术的窄行 需在 20CM， 而回转箱的结构较为复杂， 双输出插植箱的两个回转箱要实现这个 间距要求， 其工艺成本较高， 就现有农机技术而言， 其可靠性也很难保证， 因 此， 本技术方案中， 将同一插植箱两侧的回转箱分列在相邻的两组中， 这两个 回转箱实际负责宽行的插植工作， 大大降低了工艺成本， 提高了它的可靠性。 工业实用性
所以本发明在现有的育苗设备的基础上， 实现了在行距上两窄一宽、 在株距上 实现一窄一宽的间隔插秧的新型宽窄行插秧， 使得其在对总穴数影响较小的情 况下， 有效提高植株的通风通光能力， 且窄行间的植株保证了可靠的生长空间 ， 进行步提高了水稻的产量。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 一种二维宽窄间隔插秧机， 包括车架、 苗台以及插植机构， 其特征在 于所述的苗台包括若干个载苗板， 所述的插植机构包括单排设置的若 干插植箱， 插植箱的上端与驱动机构相连， 下端设有回转箱， 回转箱 的两端设有插植臂， 每个插植臂上设有插秧爪， 所述的回转箱以三个 为一组， 组内回转箱等距设置， 相邻两组之间的相邻回转箱的间距是 组内回转箱间距的 1.5-2倍， 每组回转箱对应于一个所述载苗板， 所述 的驱动机构为非匀速驱动机构， 它具有如下特点： 非匀速驱动机构通过插植箱每带动回转箱间隔性周期运动， 一个运动 周期包括带动回转箱两端的插秧爪各完成一次插植动作的工作周期， 和一个间隔周期， 在间隔周期内， 回转箱低速转动或暂停运动， 间隔 周期后进入下一个运动周期。
[权利要求 2] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种二维宽窄间隔插秧机， 其特征在于所述插 植箱的下端设有左右两个同步输出轴， 其中左输出轴上并排设有左回 转箱、 中回转箱， 右输出轴上设有一个右回转箱， 同一个插植箱上的 三个回转箱为一组。
[权利要求 3] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种二维宽窄间隔插秧机， 其特征在于所述的 若干插植箱分为单输出插植箱与双输出插植箱， 单输出插植箱设有一 个回转箱， 双输出插植箱设有左右两个回转箱， 两个双输出插植箱之 间设有单输出插植箱， 最左侧双输出插植箱的左边设有两个单输出插 植箱， 最右侧双输出插植箱的右边设有两个单输出插植箱， 所述的双 输出插植箱的左右两侧回转箱分别和两侧与之邻近的两个回转箱构成 一组。
[权利要求 4] 根据权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的一种二维宽窄间隔插秧机， 其特征在于 所述的载苗板宽度为 58-63mm。
[权利要求 5] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种二维宽窄间隔插秧机， 其特征在于所述的 非匀速驱动机构为变速传动箱， 该变速传动箱包括一个或若干个可切 换工作的变速齿轮副， 每个变速齿轮副由主动齿轮和从动齿轮构成， 各主动齿轮均通过相应的传动机构与动力输入端相连， 各从动齿轮通 过相应的传动机构与所述的主输入轴相连， 在输入动力为匀速转动的 情况下， 通过变速齿轮副的传动输出快慢相间的转动， 并使得回转箱 在一个回转周期内快慢相间转动， 从而带动同一回转箱两端的插植臂 一快一慢作业。
根据权利要求 5所述的一种二维宽窄间隔插秧机， 其特征在于所述的 变速齿轮副为一个间歇式传动的齿轮副， 该间歇式传动的齿轮副包括 一个从动不完全齿轮和一个主动不完全齿轮以及相应的从动齿轮轴和 主动齿轮轴， 从动不完全齿轮和主动不完全齿轮均只在齿轮圆周的一 段上分布有齿， 且相互对应啮合， 其中从动不完全齿轮不分布齿的圆 周上设有一段凹面圆弧段， 主动不完全齿轮不分布齿的圆周上设有与 所述的凹面圆弧段相适配的凸面圆弧段。
根据权利要求 1或 2或 3或 5或 6所述的一种二维宽窄间隔插秧机， 其特 征在于所述载苗板由板体、 送苗带构成， 所述的板体由引导板、 送苗 板构成， 引导板设于送苗板的上端， 送苗板上设有纵向设置的所述送 苗带， 所述的送苗板为两侧低中部高的拱形结构， 送苗板与所述的引 导板平滑过渡。
根据权利要求 5所述的一种二维宽窄间隔插秧机， 其特征在于所述的 送苗板的拱形结构的起拱高度为 5-18mm。
根据权利要求 5所述的一种二维宽窄间隔插秧机， 其特征在于所述的 送苗带设有两个， 且两个送苗带纵向平行， 送苗带与其对应位置的拱 形面的方向相垂直。
根据权利要求 5或 6或 8或 9所述的一种二维宽窄间隔插秧机， 其特征在 于所述的板体为上大下小的倒梯形结构， 板体两侧设有边缘挡板， 两 侧所述的边缘挡板之间的夹角为 6-10度。
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