WO2017036366A1 - 一种匀转速二维宽窄插秧机 - Google Patents
一种匀转速二维宽窄插秧机 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017036366A1 WO2017036366A1 PCT/CN2016/097056 CN2016097056W WO2017036366A1 WO 2017036366 A1 WO2017036366 A1 WO 2017036366A1 CN 2016097056 W CN2016097056 W CN 2016097056W WO 2017036366 A1 WO2017036366 A1 WO 2017036366A1
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- seedling
- box
- planting
- boxes
- rotating
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
- A01C11/02—Transplanting machines for seedlings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a rice transplanter, and more particularly to a wide and narrow row rice transplanter.
- the Chinese patent of CN1 04663086A discloses a planting mechanism for a new type of wide and narrow plant spacing transplanter, including a plurality of horizontally arranged planting boxes, each of which has a left and right turntable, each Each of the two sides of the rotary box is respectively provided with a planting arm, and the planting mechanism is provided with a horizontally arranged main input shaft, the main input shaft is connected with each planting box, and is rotated by a non-uniform output.
- the box is connected to the power input
- the shifting transmission box comprises one or several shifting gear pairs that can be switched, and each shifting gear pair is composed of a driving gear and a driven gear, and each driving gear is connected to the power input end through a corresponding transmission mechanism, each driven The gear is coupled to the main input shaft by a corresponding transmission mechanism.
- the technical scheme realizes the purpose of wide and narrow plant spacing transplanting, but due to its complicated structure, the power output end is a process of changing the rotational speed, so the impact on the mechanism will be relatively large, and the combination of these factors makes the transplanting of the transplanting machine The failure rate of the mechanism is high and the stability of operation is relatively low.
- the present invention mainly solves the technical problems existing in the prior art, such as complicated structure, high failure rate, poor operational stability, and the like, and provides a two-dimensional wide and narrow insertion of a uniform rotation speed with a simple structure, low failure rate, and good stability.
- a uniform rotation speed and narrow pitch caster including a frame, a seedling and a planting mechanism
- the planting mechanism is provided with a rotary box, a rotary box
- the two ends are respectively provided with a planting arm, and each of the planting arms is respectively provided with a plugging claw
- the seedling stage is connected with the seedling driving mechanism
- the seedling driving mechanism is provided with a screw shaft, the screw shaft and the screw shaft
- the power end is connected
- the seedling stage is provided with a threaded guide block
- the lead end of the thread guide block is adapted to the thread groove of the screw shaft
- the thread groove of the screw shaft is long distance guide
- the slot and the macro guide are formed in series with each other, one long guide groove is a lead, one micro guide groove is a half lead, and the guide end of the thread guide block is from a long guide groove During the process of moving from one end to the other end, the insertion claw passes through the picking position twice
- the insertion claw of the planting mechanism is taken through one time Home, but can not get the seedlings.
- the planting mechanism comprises a plurality of planting boxes arranged in a single row, the upper end of the planting box is connected with the driving mechanism, the lower end is provided with a rotating box, and the two ends of the rotating box are provided with planting arms, and each implanting arm is provided There are inserting claws, the rotary box is set in three groups, and the rotary box in the group is equidistantly arranged, and the spacing of adjacent rotary boxes between adjacent groups is 1.5-2 times of the spacing of the rotary boxes in the group.
- the group rotary box corresponds to one of the seed carrying plates.
- the rotation of the screw shaft drives the movement of the seedling table with the thread guide block. Since the screw shaft is formed by the long distance guide groove and the macro guide groove being separated from each other, the movement of the seedling stage is inevitable.
- the block corresponds to the long guide groove, that is, the seedling table moves quickly, the claw is inserted twice to take the position, and the seedling is taken, when the thread guide block
- the insertion claw only passes through the position, and because the displacement of the seedlings is too short in the process, the seedlings cannot be taken.
- the insertion claw After the insertion claw can not be taken, the insertion claw will be inserted into the empty insertion, and then the insertion will continue. After the insertion of the rice transplanter, the process of alternate operation of one empty insertion and two actual insertions forms a method of transplanting wide and narrow plant spacing.
- the existing wide and narrow row rice transplanting machines generally have two kinds, one is that the cutting mouth is evenly arranged, and the wide and narrow row cutting is realized by the lateral displacement of the rotary box during the rotating process, and the rice transplanting machine is mainly adapted to the existing one. It is set up on the ordinary rice transplanter. Its main feature is that it can use the seedlings of the existing ordinary rice transplanter, and the other is to set the cornice to a wide and narrow pitch. The setting of the rotary box corresponds to the picking port. Both of these rice transplanters achieve a wide-to-narrow variation in the spacing of the inserted rows.
- the present invention adopts three sets of rotary boxes, and the distance between the three rotary boxes is small, and the spacing between the groups is 1.5-2 times the spacing of the rotary boxes in the group to realize two narrow rows and one wide row.
- the width and width of the line are set.
- the rotation of the rotary box is a cycle of motion of the system.
- the transmission output of the rotary box and the transmission gear pair are alternated in one speed, and driven by the transmission gear pair.
- the rotary box quickly completes two insertions and then stops at a low speed or pauses for a certain period of time, and then enters the next movement cycle. Since the rice transplanter rotates at a uniform speed during the process, it realizes the distance between the first two seedlings, the second strain. The distance between the seedling and the third plant is far, and the distance between the fourth plant and the third plant is closer to the width of the plant.
- the long distance guiding groove corresponds to 1.6-1.8 seedling positions on the seedling stage
- the macro guiding groove corresponds to 0.2-0.1 seeding positions on the seedling stage.
- the seedling position refers to the theoretical length of the single seedlings on the carpet seedlings, that is, the total width of the carpet seedlings divided by the number of seedlings in the width, and the seedlings and the plants on the carpet seedlings are separated by a groove. Therefore, the joint between the strain and the strain of the seedling is a relatively weak part.
- the transplanting claws and seedlings are here. Do not interfere.
- the lower end of the planting box is provided with two left and right synchronous output shafts, wherein the left output shaft is arranged with a left turn box and a middle turn box, and the right output shaft is provided with a right turn box.
- the three rotary boxes on one planting box are a group.
- the arrangement of such a rotary box has three rotary boxes on the same planting box, and three rotary boxes are one set, and the spacing of the two insertion boxes determines the spacing between the two sets of rotary boxes, by setting the insertion The spacing of the planting boxes achieves a wide line spacing.
- the plurality of planting boxes are divided into a single output planting box and a double output planting box, the single output planting box is provided with a rotating box, and the double output planting box is provided with two left and right rotating boxes.
- Two single output planting boxes, the left and right side rotating boxes of the double output planting box and the two rotating boxes adjacent to the two sides respectively form a group.
- the narrow line of wide and narrow row insertion technology needs to be 20CM, and the structure of the rotary box is more complicated.
- the two rotary boxes of the double output planting box need to achieve this spacing requirement, and the process cost is high.
- the reliability is also difficult to guarantee. Therefore, in the technical solution, the rotary boxes on both sides of the same planting box are divided into two adjacent groups, and the two rotating boxes are actually responsible for the insertion work of the wide row, which is greatly Reduced process costs and increased reliability.
- the seedling plate has a width of 58-63 mm.
- the invention adopts two narrow rows and one wide row of transplanting techniques, and the planting arms of the three rotary boxes take the seedlings on the same seedling board, which makes the width of the carpet seedlings need to be greatly increased, but the existing carpet seedlings
- the nursery equipment has been standardized, and has been promoted in a large area. If the width of the nursery is changed, it will inevitably require the most cost and cause unnecessary waste. In turn, it will greatly affect the promotion of this new type of wide and narrow row transplanting.
- the existing standard size of the carpet seedlings is: 28CM wide and 58CM long.
- the existing rice transplanting machine adopts the method of placing the seedlings in the longitudinal direction without exception, and the width of the seedling board of the present invention realizes the lateral placement of the seedlings,
- the transplanting claws on the three rotary boxes of the group are taken in the same way as the seedlings on the same carpet seedling.
- a row of seedlings is taken out.
- the seedling plate is composed of a plate body and a seedling feeding belt, wherein the plate body is composed of a guide plate and a seedling plate, and the guide plate is disposed at an upper end of the seedling plate, and the seedling plate is provided with a seedling plate.
- the feeding belt in a longitudinal direction, the The seedling board is an arched structure with low central and high sides, and the seedling board and the guiding board are smoothly transitioned.
- the guide plate is the position of the upper jaw, and the carpet seed can be placed on the guide plate by mechanical or manual means, which generally uses the gravity of the carpet seedling to move down.
- the carpet seedlings When the carpet seedlings are moved down to the seedling board, the carpet seedlings are generally moved downwards under the action of the feeding belt. Since the present invention is to send the seedling boards into an arch structure, the carpet seedlings entering the seedling board are presented as one.
- the arch structure greatly improves the mechanical strength of the carpet seedlings and reduces the problems of tilting, offsetting, and local scattering of the carpet seedlings.
- the arched structure of the seedling plate has an arch height of 5-18 mm.
- the feeding belt is provided with two, and the two feeding belts are longitudinally parallel, and the feeding belt is perpendicular to the direction of the arched surface of the corresponding position.
- the arched surface is a curved surface whose direction is perpendicular to the cutting plane of the corresponding position. Therefore, the feeding belt is parallel to the direction of the cutting surface, which helps to better drive the carpet seedling to move and damage the carpet structure.
- the plate body is an inverted trapezoidal structure with a large upper and lower sides, and edge plates are arranged on both sides of the plate body, and an angle between the edge baffles on the two sides is 6-10 degrees.
- the angle is determined according to the structural characteristics of the carpet seedling and the density of the seedling. The angle is too large, which causes the carpet seedling to be squeezed too much, which affects its overall downward movement, and even its partial downward movement, and some of it does not move down. The problem is that it damages the structure of the carpet.
- the working method comprises the following steps:
- the invention has the beneficial effects that the prior art has the technical problems of complicated structure, high failure rate and poor operation stability, and has a simple structure, low failure rate and stability. Good uniform speed two-dimensional wide and narrow transplanter.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a seedling stage and a planting mechanism according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
- 2 is a schematic structural view of a seedling stage and a planting mechanism according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a seedling plate of the present invention.
- Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 3;
- Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a screw shaft of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the planting effect of the present invention.
- Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1 :
- the present invention is a novel wide and narrow row transplanter, including a frame, a seedling, and a planting mechanism, wherein the seedling includes four seedling boards 1,
- the width of the seedling board 1 is 60CM
- the seedling board is composed of a plate body and a feeding belt 2-3.
- the plate body is an inverted trapezoidal structure with a large upper and a lower, and the edge baffles 2 - 4 are arranged on both sides of the plate body.
- the angle between the edge baffles on both sides is 6-10 degrees
- the plate body is composed of the guide plate 2-1 and the seedling plate 2-2
- the guide plate 2-1 is arranged at the upper end of the seedling plate, and is sent
- the seedling board 2-2 is provided with the longitudinally disposed, parallel to each other, the feeding belt 2-3, and the feeding board is an arched structure with low central and high sides, and the arching height is 10 mm.
- the feeding belt 2-3 is perpendicular to the direction of the arched surface of the corresponding position. The seedling plate and the guide plate are smoothly transitioned.
- the planting mechanism comprises four planting boxes 2 arranged in a single row, the upper end of the planting box 2 is connected with the driving mechanism, and the lower end of the planting box 2 is provided with two left and right synchronous output shafts, wherein the left output shaft is arranged side by side
- Each insertion arm is provided with a insertion claw 4, and the rotary box in the group is equidistantly arranged, and the spacing of adjacent rotary boxes between adjacent groups is twice the distance of the rotary box in the group, and each group of rotary boxes corresponds to one The seedling board 1.
- the spacing between the two planting boxes determines the spacing between the two sets of rotary boxes, and the spacing of the wide rows is achieved by setting the spacing of the planting boxes.
- Each set of rotary boxes corresponds to one of the seedling plates,
- the seedling stage is connected to the seedling stage driving mechanism, and the seedling stage driving mechanism is provided with a screw shaft 5, the screw shaft 5 is connected with the power end, and the seedling stage is provided with a threaded guide block 6,
- the guiding end of the threaded guide block is adapted to be in the thread groove of the screw shaft, and the thread groove of the screw shaft is formed by the long distance guiding groove 51 and the macro guiding groove 52 being spaced apart from each other, and the length is long.
- the guiding trough corresponds to 1.6-1.8 seedling positions on the seedling stage, and the micro-guide groove corresponds to 0.2-0.1 seedling positions on the seedling stage.
- the seedling position refers to the theory that single seedlings occupy the carpet seedlings.
- the length ie the total width of the carpet, is divided by the number of seedlings on the width.
- the frame is moved at a constant speed by the wheel, the screw shaft rotates at a constant speed, and the rotation of the screw shaft drives the movement of the seed guide with the thread guide block, since the screw shaft is composed of a long guide groove and a micro The distance between the guide channels and the guide grooves is alternately connected, so the movement of the seedlings must be alternated one by one.
- the two rotary boxes in the front and rear of the rotary box are even and evenly spaced.
- the insertion claw By taking the seedling position, but because the speed of the seedlings moves alternately, when the threaded guide block corresponds to the long guide groove, that is, the seedling table moves quickly, the insertion claw passes twice to take the position, and the seedling is taken, when the thread guide block Corresponding to the micro-guide groove, that is, the seedlings move slowly, the insertion claw only passes through the position, and because the displacement of the seedlings is too short in the process, the seedlings cannot be taken. After the insertion claw can not be taken, the insertion claw will be inserted into the empty insertion, and then the two insertions will be continued. After the insertion machine is formed, the process of alternate operation of one empty insertion and two actual insertions forms a method of transplanting wide and narrow plant spacing.
- the present invention adopts three sets of rotary boxes, and the distance between the three rotary boxes is small, and the spacing between the groups is set to be twice the distance of the rotary boxes in the group, realizing two narrow rows and one width.
- the width and width of the line are set.
- the final effect is that the process has a wide and narrow variation in the row spacing direction, and also has a wide and narrow variation of the plant spacing in the two-dimensional wide and narrow interval, as shown in FIG.
- the embodiment further improves the planting mechanism, and divides the planting box into a single output planting box 21 and a double output planting box 22, and a single output plug.
- the planting box is provided with a rotary box 3
- the double output planting box is provided with two left and right rotating boxes 3
- a single output planting box is arranged between the two double output planting boxes, and the left side of the leftmost double output planting box is arranged.
- the existing agronomic science shows that the narrow line of wide and narrow row insertion technology needs to be 20CM, and the structure of the rotary box is more complicated.
- the two rotary boxes of the double output planting box have to achieve this spacing requirement, and the process cost is high.
- the reliability is also difficult to ensure. Therefore, in the technical solution, the rotary boxes on both sides of the same planting box are divided into two adjacent groups, the two The rotary box is actually responsible for the wide-row planting work, which greatly reduces the process cost and improves its reliability.
- the invention realizes a new wide and narrow row transplanting which is narrow and wide in the row spacing and realizes a narrow and wide interval in the plant spacing, so that the influence on the total number of holes is small.
- the ventilation and light-passing ability of the plant is effectively improved, and the plant between the narrow rows ensures a reliable growth space, and the step is carried out to increase the yield of the rice, the structure is simple, the failure rate is low, and the stability is good.
Abstract
一种匀转速宽窄株距插秧机，包括车架、苗台以及插植机构，插植机构设有回转箱（3），回转箱（3）的两端分别设有插植臂，每个插植臂上分别设有一个插秧爪（4），所述的苗台与苗台驱动机构相连，该苗台驱动机构设有一个螺旋轴（5），并通过该螺旋轴（5）的螺旋的导程的长度变化实现苗台移动速度的变化，进而实现插秧爪（4）两次实插一次空插的交替变化，回转箱（3）以三个为一组，组内回转箱（3）等距设置，相邻两组之间的相邻回转箱（3）的间距是组内回转箱（3）间距的1.5-2倍，每组回转箱（3）对应于一个载苗板（1），从而实现宽窄行，最终实现二维宽窄插秧的目的。
Description
说明书 发明名称：一种匀转速二维宽窄插秧机 技术领域
[0001] 在本发明涉及一种插秧机， 尤其是涉及一种宽窄行插秧机。
背景技术
[0002] 传统的水稻栽培一般都采用等行距、 等株距的插植方法， 但是这种插植方法植 株与植株之间必然会出现遮阳的问题， 而且对泥土中的养分的利用不均匀， 从 而造成很大的浪费。 目前宽窄行插秧方法已经得到广泛的应用， 它是窄行距与 宽行距间隔栽培的一种水稻高产栽培技术。 该栽培方式既能保证单位面积上的 穴数合理， 又具有植株群体分布合理,通风透光性能好,光合作用率高等优点，因此 单产水平较高，是高产攻关常选择的栽培方式之一。 同吋， 由于通风透光性增强 ， 使稻株间湿度降低， 可在一定程度上减轻病虫危害， 最终达到高产增收的目 的。 目前人们已经设计出了多种宽窄行插秧机， 以适应上述农艺上的要求， 但 是， 由于各种地理条件的要求， 如地亩的方位走向， 光照条件等因素， 我们需 要采用宽窄株距的方法得到相应的通风透光条件， 所以， 就需要一种宽窄株距 插秧机， 即所插的秧苗在插秧机的行走方向呈宽窄交替设置。 如公幵号为： CN1 04663086A的中国专利公幵了一种新型宽窄株距插秧机的插植机构， 包括若干横 向排列的插植箱， 每个插植箱分别设有左右各一个回转箱， 每个回转箱的两端 分别设有一个插植臂， 所述的插植机构设有一个横向设置的主输入轴， 该主输 入轴与各插植箱相连， 并通过一个非匀速输出的变速转动箱与动力输入端相连
， 该变速传动箱包括一个或若干个可切换工作的变速齿轮副， 每个变速齿轮副 由主动齿轮和从动齿轮构成， 各主动齿轮均通过相应的传动机构与动力输入端 相连， 各从动齿轮通过相应的传动机构与所述的主输入轴相连。 该技术方案实 现了宽窄株距插秧的目的， 但由于其结构复杂， 动力输出端为变转速的过程， 所以其机构上所承受的冲击会比较大， 综合这些因素， 使得这种插秧机的插植 机构的故障率高， 操作的稳定性也比较低。
[0003] 另外， 如果在行距上的宽窄变化的基础上， 再加上插秧株距的宽窄变化， 就可
以实现二维宽窄插秧， 作物的边际优势得到更大的体现， 作物的通风、 通光， 减少虫害的能力都可以得到很大的提高。 但是现有插秧机械都无法完成行距宽 窄和株距宽窄同吋实现的二维宽窄插秧。
技术问题
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0004] 本发明主要是解决现有技术所存在的结构复杂、 故障率高， 操作稳定性较差等 技术问题， 提供一种结构简单， 故障率低， 稳定性好的匀转速二维宽窄插秧机
[0005] 本发明的上述技术问题主要是通过下述技术方案得以解决的： 一种匀转速宽窄 株距插秧机， 包括车架、 苗台以及插植机构， 插植机构设有回转箱， 回转箱的 两端分别设有插植臂， 每个插植臂上分别设有一个插秧爪， 所述的苗台与苗台 驱动机构相连， 该苗台驱动机构设有一个螺旋轴， 该螺旋轴与动力端相连， 所 述的苗台上设有螺纹导块， 该螺纹导块的弓 I导端适配于所述的螺旋轴的螺纹槽 内， 所述的螺旋轴的螺纹槽由长距导槽和微距导槽相互间隔串连而成， 一个长 距导槽为一个导程， 一个微距导槽为半个导程， 所述的螺纹导块的引导端从一 个长距导槽的一端移动到另一端的过程中， 所述的插秧爪通过两次取秧位置， 并取得秧苗， 所述的螺纹导块的引导端从一个微距导槽的一端移动到另一端的 过程中， 插植机构的插秧爪通过一次取秧位置， 但不能取得秧苗。 所述的插植 机构包括单排设置的若干插植箱， 插植箱的上端与驱动机构相连， 下端设有回 转箱， 回转箱的两端设有插植臂， 每个插植臂上设有插秧爪， 所述的回转箱以 三个为一组， 组内回转箱等距设置， 相邻两组之间的相邻回转箱的间距是组内 回转箱间距的 1.5-2倍， 每组回转箱对应于一个所述载苗板。 使用本发明进行插 秧吋， 螺旋轴的转动带动与螺纹导块连接苗台移动， 由于该螺旋轴由由长距导 槽和微距导槽相互间隔串连而成， 所以苗台的移动必然一块一慢交替进行， 在 此运动过程中， 回转箱的匀速转动过程中， 回转箱前后两个回转箱均匀、 等吋 间间隔的通过取苗位， 但由于苗台移动速度快慢交替， 当螺纹导块对应于长导 槽吋， 即苗台快速移动吋， 插秧爪两次通过取秧位， 并取到秧苗， 当螺纹导块
对应于微导槽吋， 即苗台慢速移动吋， 插秧爪只有一次通过取秧位， 且由于该 过程中， 苗台位移过短， 插秧爪不能取到秧苗。 插秧爪不能取到秧苗后， 该插 秧爪就会到成一次空插秧， 然后继续进行两次实插。 后终该插秧机形成， 一次 空插、 两次实插的交替作业的过程， 形成宽窄株距的插秧方法。
[0006] 现有的宽窄行插秧机一般有两种， 一种是取秧口均匀设置， 通过回转箱在转动 过程中的横向位移实现宽窄行插秧， 这种插秧机主要是为了适应在现有普通插 秧机上进行改造而设置的， 它的主要特点是可以采用现有普通插秧机的苗台， 另一种是取秧口设置成宽窄间距， 回转箱的设置与取秧口相对应。 这两种插秧 机均实现了插秧行距的一宽一窄间隔变化。 而本发明通过三个为一组回转箱， 且三个回转箱的间距较小， 组与组之间的间距是组内回转箱的间距的 1.5-2倍的 设置实现两窄行一宽行的宽窄行设置。
[0007] 本发明在使用中， 回转箱转动一周为系统的一个运动周期， 在这个运动周其内 ， 回转箱与变速齿轮副的传动输出均完成一次快慢交替， 在变速齿轮副的带动 下， 回转箱快速完成两次插秧后低速或暂停一定吋间， 再进入下一个运动周期 ， 由于在此过程中， 插秧机整体匀速转动， 所以， 它实现了前两株秧苗距离较 近， 第二株秧苗与第三株距离较远， 第四株与第三株距离又较近 ......的宽窄株 距的插植效果。
[0008] 因上述宽窄行距和宽窄株距作用的结合， 可以实现二维宽窄插秧， 使得作物的 边际优势得到最大程度的体现。
[0009] 作为优选， 所述的长距导槽对应苗台上的 1.6-1.8个取苗位， 所述的微距导槽对 应苗台上的 0.2-0.1个取苗位。 取苗位指的是单株秧苗在毯苗上所占的理论长度， 即毯苗总宽度除以该宽度上的秧苗的株数， 毯苗上的秧苗的株与株之间通过沟 槽隔幵， 因此， 秧苗的株与株之间的连接部分是相对脆弱的部分。 根据本技术 方案的设计， 当插秧爪在取秧吋， 理论应当取出的秧苗与插秧爪扫过的部分相 差 0.1到 0.2个取苗位， 但由于株与株之间的连接部分是相对脆弱， 所以， 绝大多 数情况， 可以将整株的秧苗取下， 而当应当空插秧的插秧爪经过取苗位置吋， 由于微距导槽的设置， 使得苗台在此之前的移动位置只有 0.1-0.2个取苗位， 正好 是长距导槽所带动的苗台没有完成走过的取苗位， 因此， 该插秧爪与秧苗在此
吋不干涉。
[0010] 作为优选， 所述插植箱的下端设有左右两个同步输出轴， 其中左输出轴上并排 设有左回转箱、 中回转箱， 右输出轴上设有一个右回转箱， 同一个插植箱上的 三个回转箱为一组。 这种一种回转箱的排列形式， 同一个插植箱上设有三个回 转箱， 三个回转箱为一组， 两个插植箱的间距设置决定两组回转箱的间距， 通 过设置该插植箱的间距实现宽行的行距。
[0011] 作为优选， 所述的若干插植箱分为单输出插植箱与双输出插植箱， 单输出插植 箱设有一个回转箱， 双输出插植箱设有左右两个回转箱， 两个双输出插植箱之 间设有单输出插植箱， 最左侧双输出插植箱的左边设有两个单输出插植箱， 最 右侧双输出插植箱的右边设有两个单输出插植箱， 所述的双输出插植箱的左右 两侧回转箱分别和两侧与之邻近的两个回转箱构成一组。 现有的农艺科学表明
， 宽窄行插秧技术的窄行需在 20CM， 而回转箱的结构较为复杂， 双输出插植箱 的两个回转箱要实现这个间距要求， 其工艺成本较高， 就现有农机技术而言， 其可靠性也很难保证， 因此， 本技术方案中， 将同一插植箱两侧的回转箱分列 在相邻的两组中， 这两个回转箱实际负责宽行的插植工作， 大大降低了工艺成 本， 提高了它的可靠性。
[0012] 作为优选， 所述的载苗板宽度为 58-63mm。 本发明采用了两窄行一宽行的插秧 技术， 三个回转箱的插植臂取同一个苗板上的秧苗， 这种使得毯苗的宽度需要 大幅增加， 但是， 现有的毯苗的育苗设备已经标准化， 且得到了大面积的推广 ， 如果改变育苗宽度的话， 势必需要大最的成本， 造成不必要的浪费， 反过来 ， 也会大大的影响这种新型的宽窄行插秧的推广， 现有的毯苗的标准尺寸为： 宽 28CM、 长 58CM， 现有的插秧机无一例外的采用纵向放置苗毯的方式， 而本 发明的载苗板的宽度实现了横向放置苗板， 同组的三个回转箱上的插秧爪分三 段同吋取同一个毯苗上的秧苗， 当载苗板走完一个行程吋， 正好一排秧苗取完 。 这种设置使得本发明的新型的宽窄行插秧机可以利用现有的毯苗及现有的设 备， 避免造成浪费。
[0013] 作为优选， 所述载苗板由板体、 送苗带构成， 所述的板体由引导板、 送苗板构 成， 引导板设于送苗板的上端， 送苗板上设有纵向设置的所述送苗带， 所述的
送苗板为两侧低中部高的拱形结构， 送苗板与所述的引导板平滑过渡。 引导板 是上秧的位置， 可以采用机械或人工的方式将毯苗放置在引导板， 它一般利用 毯苗的本身重力下移。 当毯苗下移到送苗板上后， 毯苗一般是在送苗带的作用 下向下精确移动， 由于本发明是送苗板为拱形结构， 使得进入送苗板的毯苗呈 一个拱形结构， 这样大大提高了毯苗的力学强度， 减少毯苗的倾斜、 偏移、 局 部散乱等问题。
[0014] 作为优选， 所述的送苗板的拱形结构的起拱高度为 5-18mm。
[0015] 作为优选， 所述的送苗带设有两个， 且两个送苗带纵向平行， 送苗带与其对应 位置的拱形面的方向相垂直。 拱形面是一个弧面， 其方向是相应位置的切面方 向相垂直， 所以送苗带与切面方向相平行， 有助与其更好的带动毯苗移动， 且 会对毯苗结构造成破坏。
[0016] 作为优选， 所述的板体为上大下小的倒梯形结构， 板体两侧设有边缘挡板， 两 侧所述的边缘挡板之间的夹角为 6-10度。 该夹角是根据毯苗的结构特征以及育秧 密度而定， 该夹角太大， 会使得毯苗受挤压过大， 而影响其整体下移， 甚至出 现其部分下移， 部分没有下移的问题， 对毯苗结构造成破坏。
[0017] 作业方法， 包括如下步骤：
[0018] 将标准毯苗横向置于载苗板上， 苗台横向移动， 各回转箱同步转动， 且同一组 的三个回转箱的插秧爪同吋向同一个毯苗取秧， 同组间的回转箱的插秧爪所插 的秧为窄行， 组与组之间的回转箱的插秧爪所插的秧为宽行， 形成两窄一宽的 秧苗行距布局。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0019] 本发明的带来的有益效果是， 解决了现有技术所存在的结构复杂、 故障率高， 操作稳定性较差等技术问题， 实理了一种结构简单， 故障率低， 稳定性好的匀 转速二维宽窄插秧机。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0020] 附图 1是本发明的实施例 1的苗台及插植机构的一种结构示意图；
[0021] 附图 2是本发明的实施例 2的苗台及插植机构的一种结构示意图；
[0022] 附图 3是本发明的载苗板的一种结构示意图；
[0023] 附图 4是附图 3的 A- A处的剖面图；
[0024] 附图 5是本发明的螺旋轴的一种结构示意图；
[0025] 附图 6是本发明的插植效果示意图。
本发明的实施方式
[0026] 实施例 1 :
[0027] 如图 1、 3、 4、 5所示， 本发明是一种新型宽窄行插秧机， 包括车架、 苗台以及 插植机构， 所述的苗台包括四个载苗板 1， 载苗板 1的宽度均为 60CM， 载苗板由 板体、 送苗带 2-3构成， 板体为上大下小的倒梯形结构， 板体两侧设有边缘挡板 2 -4， 两侧所述的边缘挡板之间的夹角为 6-10度， 板体由引导板 2-1、 送苗板 2-2构 成， 引导板 2-1设于送苗板的上端， 送苗板 2-2上设有纵向设置， 且相互平行的所 述送苗带 2-3， 所述的送苗板为两侧低中部高的拱形结构， 其起拱高度为 10mm。 送苗带 2-3与其对应位置的拱形面的方向相垂直。 送苗板与所述的引导板平滑过 渡。 所述的插植机构包括单排设置的四个插植箱 2， 插植箱 2的上端与驱动机构 相连， 插植箱 2的下端设有左右两个同步输出轴， 其中左输出轴上并排设有左回 转箱 31、 中回转箱 32， 右输出轴上设有一个右回转箱 33， 同一个插植箱上的三 个回转箱为一组， 回转箱的两端设有插植臂， 每个插植臂上设有插秧爪 4， 组内 回转箱等距设置， 相邻两组之间的相邻回转箱的间距是组内回转箱间距的 2倍， 每组回转箱对应于一个所述载苗板 1。 两个插植箱的间距设置决定两组回转箱的 间距， 通过设置该插植箱的间距实现宽行的行距。 每组回转箱对应于一个所述 载苗板，
[0028] 所述的苗台与苗台驱动机构相连， 该苗台驱动机构设有一个螺旋轴 5， 该螺旋 轴 5与动力端相连， 所述的苗台上设有螺纹导块 6， 该螺纹导块的引导端适配于 所述的螺旋轴的螺纹槽内， 所述的螺旋轴的螺纹槽由长距导槽 51和微距导槽 52 相互间隔串连而成， 所述的长距导槽对应苗台上的 1.6-1.8个取苗位， 所述的微距 导槽对应苗台上的 0.2-0.1个取苗位。 取苗位指的是单株秧苗在毯苗上所占的理论
长度， 即毯苗总宽度除以该宽度上的秧苗的株数。 所述的螺纹导块的引导端从 一个长距导槽的一端移动到另一端的过程中， 所述的插秧爪通过两次取秧位置 ， 并取得秧苗， 所述的螺纹导块的引导端从一个微距导槽的一端移动到另一端 的过程中， 插植机构的插秧爪通过一次取秧位置， 但不能取得秧苗。
[0029] 本发明在使用吋， 车架在车轮的带动下匀速移动， 螺旋轴匀速转动， 螺旋轴的 转动带动与螺纹导块连接苗台移动， 由于该螺旋轴由由长距导槽和微距导槽相 互间隔串连而成， 所以苗台的移动必然一块一慢交替进行， 在此运动过程中， 回转箱的匀速转动过程中， 回转箱前后两个回转箱均匀、 等吋间间隔的通过取 苗位， 但由于苗台移动速度快慢交替， 当螺纹导块对应于长导槽吋， 即苗台快 速移动吋， 插秧爪两次通过取秧位， 并取到秧苗， 当螺纹导块对应于微导槽吋 ， 即苗台慢速移动吋， 插秧爪只有一次通过取秧位， 且由于该过程中， 苗台位 移过短， 插秧爪不能取到秧苗。 插秧爪不能取到秧苗后， 该插秧爪就会到成一 次空插秧， 然后继续进行两次实插。 后终该插秧机形成， 一次空插、 两次实插 的交替作业的过程， 形成宽窄株距的插秧方法。
[0030] 本发明通过三个为一组回转箱， 且三个回转箱的间距较小， 组与组之间的间距 是组内回转箱的间距的 2倍的设置， 实现两窄行一宽行的宽窄行设置。 且由于其 同吋实现了株距上的宽窄变化， 因此其最终实现的效果是既在行距方向具有宽 窄变化， 也在株距上有宽窄变化的二维宽窄间隔插秧的过程， 如图 6所示的植株 7的布局。
[0031] 如图 2所示， 本实施例在实施例 1的基础上， 对插植机构进一步改进， 将插植箱 分为单输出插植箱 21与双输出插植箱 22， 单输出插植箱设有一个回转箱 3， 双输 出插植箱设有左右两个回转箱 3， 两个双输出插植箱之间设有单输出插植箱， 最 左侧双输出插植箱的左边设有两个单输出插植箱， 最右侧双输出插植箱的右边 设有两个单输出插植箱， 所述的双输出插植箱的左右两侧回转箱分别和两侧与 之邻近的两个回转箱构成一组。 现有的农艺科学表明， 宽窄行插秧技术的窄行 需在 20CM， 而回转箱的结构较为复杂， 双输出插植箱的两个回转箱要实现这个 间距要求， 其工艺成本较高， 就现有农机技术而言， 其可靠性也很难保证， 因 此， 本技术方案中， 将同一插植箱两侧的回转箱分列在相邻的两组中， 这两个
回转箱实际负责宽行的插植工作， 大大降低了工艺成本， 提高了它的可靠性。 所以本发明在现有的育苗设备的基础上， 实现了在行距上两窄一宽、 在株距上 实现一窄一宽的间隔插秧的新型宽窄行插秧， 使得其在对总穴数影响较小的情 况下， 有效提高植株的通风通光能力， 且窄行间的植株保证了可靠的生长空间 ， 进行步提高了水稻的产量， 结构简单， 故障率低， 稳定性好。
Claims
[权利要求 1] 一种匀转速二维宽窄插秧机， 包括车架、 苗台以及插植机构， 其特征 在于所述的苗台包括若干个载苗板， 所述的插植机构包括单排设置的 若干插植箱， 插植箱的上端与驱动机构相连， 下端设有回转箱， 回转 箱的两端设有插植臂， 每个插植臂上设有插秧爪， 所述的回转箱以三 个为一组， 组内回转箱等距设置， 相邻两组之间的相邻回转箱的间距 是组内回转箱间距的 1.5-2倍， 每组回转箱对应于一个所述载苗板， 所 述的苗台与苗台驱动机构相连， 该苗台驱动机构设有一个螺旋轴， 该 螺旋轴与动力端相连， 所述的苗台上设有螺纹导块， 该螺纹导块的引 导端适配于所述的螺旋轴的螺纹槽内， 所述的螺旋轴的螺纹槽由长距 导槽和微距导槽相互间隔串连而成， 所述的螺纹导块的引导端从一个 长距导槽的一端移动到另一端的过程中， 所述的插秧爪通过两次取秧 位置， 并取得秧苗， 所述的螺纹导块的引导端从一个微距导槽的一端 移动到另一端的过程中， 插植机构的插秧爪通过一次取秧位置， 但不 能取得秧苗。
[权利要求 2] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种匀转速二维宽窄插秧机， 其特征在于所述 的长距导槽对应苗台上的 1.6-1.8个取苗位， 所述的微距导槽对应苗台 上的 0.2-0.1个取苗位。
[权利要求 3] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种匀转速二维宽窄插秧机， 其特征在于所述 的所述插植箱的下端设有左右两个同步输出轴， 其中左输出轴上并排 设有左回转箱、 中回转箱， 右输出轴上设有一个右回转箱， 同一个插 植箱上的三个回转箱为一组。
[权利要求 4] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种匀转速二维宽窄插秧机， 其特征在于所述 的若干插植箱分为单输出插植箱与双输出插植箱， 单输出插植箱设有 一个回转箱， 双输出插植箱设有左右两个回转箱， 两个双输出插植箱 之间设有单输出插植箱， 最左侧双输出插植箱的左边设有两个单输出 插植箱， 最右侧双输出插植箱的右边设有两个单输出插植箱， 所述的 双输出插植箱的左右两侧回转箱分别和两侧与之邻近的两个回转箱构
成一组。
[权利要求 5] 根据权利要求 1或 2或 3或 4所述的一种匀转速二维宽窄插秧机， 其特征 在于所述的载苗板宽度为 58-63mm。
[权利要求 6] 根据权利要求 1或 2或 3或 4所述的一种匀转速二维宽窄插秧机， 其特征 在于所述载苗板由板体、 送苗带构成， 所述的板体由引导板、 送苗板 构成， 引导板设于送苗板的上端， 送苗板上设有纵向设置的所述送苗 带， 所述的送苗板为两侧低中部高的拱形结构， 送苗板与所述的引导 板平滑过渡。
[权利要求 7] 根据权利要求 6所述的一种匀转速二维宽窄插秧机， 其特征在于所述 的送苗板的拱形结构的起拱高度为 5-18mm。
[权利要求 8] 根据权利要求 6所述的一种匀转速二维宽窄插秧机， 其特征在于所述 的板体为上大下小的倒梯形结构， 板体两侧设有边缘挡板， 两侧所述 的边缘挡板之间的夹角为 6-10度。
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| CN201510560564.5A CN105123049B (zh) | 2015-08-28 | 2015-08-28 | 一种匀转速二维宽窄插秧机 |
| CN201510560564.5 | 2015-08-28 |
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| PCT/CN2016/097056 WO2017036366A1 (zh) | 2015-08-28 | 2016-08-27 | 一种匀转速二维宽窄插秧机 |
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| CN105123049B (zh) * | 2015-08-28 | 2017-08-15 | 安徽省锦禾农业装备有限责任公司 | 一种匀转速二维宽窄插秧机 |
| CN105144940A (zh) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-12-16 | 安徽省锦禾农业装备有限责任公司 | 一种匀转速宽窄株距插秧机 |
| CN106900227A (zh) * | 2016-05-12 | 2017-06-30 | 栾翠莲 | 一种单毯苗双插二维宽窄插秧机 |
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