WO2016192239A1 - 一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法 - Google Patents

一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法 Download PDF

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WO2016192239A1
WO2016192239A1 PCT/CN2015/089894 CN2015089894W WO2016192239A1 WO 2016192239 A1 WO2016192239 A1 WO 2016192239A1 CN 2015089894 W CN2015089894 W CN 2015089894W WO 2016192239 A1 WO2016192239 A1 WO 2016192239A1
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Prior art keywords
cinnamon
inclusion
slurry
cinnamaldehyde
clathrate
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French (fr)
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吴克刚
张�浩
张睿
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Guangdong University of Technology
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Guangdong University of Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
    • C07C45/78—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
    • C07C45/78—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
    • C07C45/783—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by gas-liquid treatment, e.g. by gas-liquid absorption
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
    • C07C45/78—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
    • C07C45/81—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by change in the physical state, e.g. crystallisation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
    • C07C45/78—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
    • C07C45/81—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by change in the physical state, e.g. crystallisation
    • C07C45/82—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by change in the physical state, e.g. crystallisation by distillation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C47/00—Compounds having —CHO groups
    • C07C47/20—Unsaturated compounds having —CHO groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C47/228—Unsaturated compounds having —CHO groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms containing six-membered aromatic rings, e.g. phenylacetaldehyde
    • C07C47/232—Unsaturated compounds having —CHO groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms containing six-membered aromatic rings, e.g. phenylacetaldehyde having unsaturation outside the aromatic rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B9/00—Essential oils; Perfumes
    • C11B9/02—Recovery or refining of essential oils from raw materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of natural product extraction and separation, in particular to a green extraction and purification method of natural cinnamaldehyde.
  • the separation and purification of substances in the chemical industry is relatively expensive, and usually accounts for more than 80% of the cost of the product, especially for the extraction, separation and purification of natural products, and the cost is as high as 90%.
  • Cinnamon is a safe edible spice, and its essential oil is rich in natural cinnamaldehyde with antibacterial activity. Therefore, it is necessary to extract and separate and purify natural cinnamaldehyde from cinnamon essential oil in order to make better use of its antibacterial activity.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for green extraction and purification of natural cinnamaldehyde which does not require an organic solvent and an expensive separation device, and which has low energy consumption and simple process, in view of the deficiencies of the prior art.
  • a method for green extraction and purification of natural cinnamaldehyde comprises the following steps:
  • Step one pre-treatment: pulverizing the cinnamon raw material into a powder or making a slurry;
  • Step 2 microwave heating distillation: adding the powder or slurry obtained in the first step to the water to obtain a cinnamon slurry, and then using the microwave to heat the cinnamon slurry or the slurry prepared in the first step for a certain time to obtain a mixture of the vaporized essential oil and the water vapor.
  • Gas distillate adding the powder or slurry obtained in the first step to the water to obtain a cinnamon slurry, and then using the microwave to heat the cinnamon slurry or the slurry prepared in the first step for a certain time to obtain a mixture of the vaporized essential oil and the water vapor.
  • Step 3 inclusion reaction: the gas distillate obtained in the second step is passed into the cyclodextrin solution to form a binding system of a certain temperature, after the inclusion system is subjected to the inclusion reaction for a certain period of time, an inclusion system for precipitating the crystal of the inclusion compound is obtained;
  • Step 4 collecting clathrate crystals: collecting the clathrate crystals precipitated in the step three-cladding system;
  • Step 5 drying and pulverizing: the clathrate crystals collected in the fourth step are dried and then pulverized to obtain a high-purity natural cinnamaldehyde inclusion compound.
  • the cinnamon raw material comprises one or a mixture of two or more of cinnamon leaves, cassia twigs, cinnamon and cinnamon.
  • the cinnamon raw material is fresh cinnamon raw material or dried cinnamon raw material
  • the fresh cinnamon material is mechanically slurried; the dried cinnamon material is mechanically pulverized into a powder.
  • the weight ratio of the powder or the slurry to the water in the cinnamon slurry is 1:0.05-10.
  • the heating power of the microwave is 100W-1000W, and then the slurry of the cinnamon slurry or the step 1 is heated and distilled by microwave for 0.3h to 1h under stirring. .
  • the mass percentage concentration of the cyclodextrin solution is 7% to 20%.
  • the weight ratio of the cinnam raw material to the cyclodextrin in the cyclodextrin solution is 100:6-80.
  • the gas distillate obtained in the second step is passed into the cyclodextrin solution under stirring to form an inclusion system having a temperature of 40 ° C to 80 ° C.
  • an inclusion system for precipitating the clathrate crystals is obtained.
  • the inclusion system for precipitating the clathrate crystal is first cooled to room temperature or lower, and then the inclusion crystal of the clathrate is precipitated in the third step.
  • the system is sedimented, filtered or centrifuged to collect clathrate crystals.
  • the clathrate collected in the fourth step The crystals are dried by air drying at room temperature or by air flow at 25 ° C to 40 ° C.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • a green extraction and purification method of natural cinnamaldehyde provided by the present invention, since no organic solvent is needed, thereby eliminating the need for recovery of an organic solvent, and avoiding environmental pollution caused by an organic solvent, and avoiding an organic solvent to be easily applied to the human body. Harmful effects; in addition, the production costs can be greatly reduced by eliminating the need for expensive separation equipment.
  • the green extraction and purification method of natural cinnamaldehyde provided by the invention has the advantages of low energy consumption and short time consumption because it adopts microwave heating distillation method and adopts steam distillation method compared with the prior art.
  • the temperature of the prior art steam distillation is 100 ° C or higher, and the temperature above 100 ° C is easy to cause the distilled cinnamon essential oil component to be destroyed by thermal oxidation, however, the microwave heating distillation in the present application may be less than 100 Under the condition of °C, a gas distillate composed of a mixture of vaporized essential oil and water vapor can be obtained.
  • the microwave heating distillation method in the present application can avoid the thermal oxidation damage of the vaporized essential oil; in addition, the prior art steam distillation is obtained.
  • Cinnamon essential oil is a liquid essential oil, which leads to the need for cooling on the one hand, and complicated separation and purification processes using expensive separation equipment on the other hand, which seriously reduces the production efficiency.
  • the microwave heating distillation method of the present application obtains vaporization a gas distillate consisting of a mixture of essential oil and steam, so that the gas distillate does not need to be cold
  • the device performs the condensation process, and only needs to directly pass the cyclodextrin solution to carry out the inclusion reaction, so that the green extraction and purification method of the natural cinnamaldehyde of the present application has the advantages of simple process, high production efficiency and low equipment investment. advantage.
  • a green extraction and purification method of natural cinnamaldehyde provided by the invention the finally obtained high-purity natural cinnamaldehyde inclusion compound has the advantages of high purity, and is powdery, easily soluble in water or dispersed in In water, it can be directly applied to production.
  • the natural cinnamaldehyde obtained in the prior art is an oily liquid, and it is insoluble in water, which is disadvantageous for application to production.
  • the method for extracting and purifying natural cinnamaldehyde of the present invention provides a recovery rate of cinnamaldehyde in a gas distillate composed of a mixture of vaporized essential oil and steam, and has a recovery rate of 80% to 95%. High advantage.
  • a green extraction and purification method of natural cinnamaldehyde provided by the present invention in the inclusion reaction of step three, it is ensured that the temperature of the inclusion system is 40 ° C to 80 ° C, because if the temperature of the inclusion system is low At 40 ° C, it is not conducive to the dissolution of cyclodextrin, thereby affecting the inclusion reaction; if the temperature of the inclusion system is high At 80 ° C, the vaporized essential oil in the gas distillate is easily volatilized from the inclusion system. Therefore, the temperature of the inclusion system is lower than 40 ° C or higher than 80 ° C, which is not conducive to cyclodextrin and gas distillation. Adequate contact with the essential oil molecules in the product will result in a decrease in the recovery of cinnamaldehyde.
  • the green extraction and purification method of natural cinnamaldehyde provided by the invention has the characteristics of simple preparation method, low production cost, and can be applied to large-scale production.
  • the cyclodextrin solution mentioned in the green extraction and purification method of the natural cinnamaldehyde of the present invention refers to a cyclodextrin solution obtained by completely or partially dissolving the cyclodextrin in water.
  • a green extraction and purification method of natural cinnamaldehyde which comprises the following steps:
  • Step one pre-treatment: the fresh laurel leaves are mechanically slurried;
  • Step 2 microwave heating distillation: under the stirring condition, the slurry prepared in the first step is subjected to heat distillation for 1 hour by using microwave to obtain a gas distillate composed of a mixture of vaporized essential oil and water vapor; in this embodiment, microwave heating The power is 500W;
  • Step 3 inclusion reaction: under stirring, the gas distillate obtained in the second step is passed into the cyclodextrin solution to form an inclusion system having a temperature of 60 ° C, and the inclusion system is subjected to the inclusion reaction for 2 hours.
  • Step 4 collecting the clathrate crystal: firstly, the inclusion system for precipitating the clathrate crystal is cooled to room temperature, and then the inclusion system of the clathrate crystal precipitated in the third step is sedimented and filtered to collect the clathrate crystal;
  • Step 5 drying and pulverizing: the clathrate crystals collected in the fourth step are air-dried at room temperature, and then pulverized to obtain a high-purity natural cinnamaldehyde inclusion compound.
  • the recovery rate of cinnamaldehyde in the gas distillate consisting of a mixture of vaporized essential oil and steam is 95%.
  • the green extraction and purification method of natural cinnamaldehyde of the present embodiment does not require an organic solvent and is expensive Separation equipment has the advantages of low energy consumption, simple process, high production efficiency and high recovery rate of cinnamaldehyde.
  • a green extraction and purification method of natural cinnamaldehyde which comprises the following steps:
  • Step one pre-treatment: mechanically pulverizing the dried cassia twig into a powder
  • Step 2 microwave heating distillation: the powder obtained in the first step is added into water to obtain a cinnamon slurry, and then the cinnamon slurry is heated and distilled by microwave for 0.6 h under stirring to obtain a gas distillation product composed of a mixture of vaporized essential oil and water vapor.
  • the heating power of the microwave is 1000W; in this embodiment, the weight ratio of powder to water in the cinnamon slurry is 1:5;
  • Step 3 inclusion reaction: under the condition of stirring, the gas distillate obtained in the second step is passed into the cyclodextrin solution to form an inclusion system having a temperature of 50 ° C, and the inclusion system is subjected to the inclusion reaction for 1 hour.
  • the inclusion system of the precipitated clathrate crystal is obtained; in this embodiment, the mass percentage concentration of the cyclodextrin solution is 20%; the weight ratio of the dried cyclodextrin to the cyclodextrin solution is 100:50;
  • Step 4 collecting the clathrate crystal: firstly, the inclusion system for precipitating the clathrate crystal is cooled to below room temperature, and then the inclusion system of the clathrate crystal precipitated in the third step is centrifuged to collect the clathrate crystal;
  • Step 5 drying and pulverization: The clathrate crystals collected in the fourth step were dried using a 35 ° C air stream, and then pulverized to obtain a high-purity natural cinnamaldehyde inclusion compound.
  • the recovery rate of cinnamaldehyde in the gas distillate consisting of a mixture of vaporized essential oil and steam was 92%.
  • the green extraction and purification method of the natural cinnamaldehyde of the present embodiment does not require an organic solvent and an expensive separation device, and has the advantages of low energy consumption, simple process, high production efficiency, and high recovery rate of cinnamaldehyde.
  • a green extraction and purification method of natural cinnamaldehyde which comprises the following steps:
  • Step one pre-treatment: mechanically pulverizing the dried cinnamon into a powder
  • Step 2 microwave heating distillation: adding the powder obtained in the first step to the water to obtain a cinnamon slurry, and then heating and distilling the cinnamon slurry by microwave for 0.5 hour under stirring to obtain a gas distillation mixture composed of vaporized essential oil and steam.
  • the heating power of the microwave is 900W; in this embodiment, the weight ratio of powder to water in the cinnamon slurry is 1:10;
  • Step 3 inclusion reaction: under the condition of stirring, the gas distillate obtained in the second step is passed into the ring.
  • a inclusion system having a temperature of 70° C. is formed, and after the inclusion reaction system is subjected to the inclusion reaction for 3 hours, an inclusion system for precipitating the inclusion crystals is obtained; in this embodiment, the mass percentage concentration of the cyclodextrin solution is 7%; the weight ratio of dried cinnamon to cyclodextrin in the cyclodextrin solution is 100:70;
  • Step 4 collecting the clathrate crystal: firstly, the inclusion system for precipitating the clathrate crystal is cooled to room temperature, and then the inclusion system of the clathrate crystal precipitated in the third step is centrifuged to collect the clathrate crystal;
  • Step 5 drying and pulverization:
  • the clathrate crystals collected in the fourth step were dried using a 40 ° C air stream, and then pulverized to obtain a high-purity natural cinnamaldehyde clathrate.
  • the recovery rate of cinnamaldehyde in the gas distillate consisting of a mixture of vaporized essential oil and steam was 88%.
  • the green extraction and purification method of the natural cinnamaldehyde of the present embodiment does not require an organic solvent and an expensive separation device, and has the advantages of low energy consumption, simple process, high production efficiency, and high recovery rate of cinnamaldehyde.
  • a green extraction and purification method of natural cinnamaldehyde which comprises the following steps:
  • Step one pre-treatment: the fresh cinnamon is mechanically beaten into a slurry;
  • Step 2 microwave heating distillation: the slurry obtained in the first step is added into water to prepare a cinnamon slurry, and then the cinnamon slurry is heated and distilled for 0.8 h under microwave conditions under stirring to obtain a gas distillation composed of a mixture of vaporized essential oil and steam.
  • the heating power of the microwave is 100W; in this embodiment, in the cinnamon slurry, the weight ratio of the slurry obtained in the first step to water is 1:0.05;
  • Step 3 inclusion reaction: under the stirring condition, the gas distillate obtained in the second step is passed into the cyclodextrin solution to form an inclusion system having a temperature of 80 ° C, and the inclusion system is subjected to the inclusion reaction for 1.5 hours. , the inclusion system of the precipitated clathrate crystal is obtained; in this embodiment, the mass percentage concentration of the cyclodextrin solution is 15%; the weight ratio of the cyclodextrin in the fresh cinnamon fruit and the cyclodextrin solution is 100:60;
  • Step 4 collecting the clathrate crystal: firstly, the inclusion system for precipitating the clathrate crystal is cooled to room temperature, and then the inclusion system of the clathrate crystal precipitated in the third step is sedimented and filtered to collect the clathrate crystal;
  • Step 5 drying and pulverization: The clathrate crystals collected in the fourth step were dried using a 25 ° C air stream, and then pulverized to obtain a high-purity natural cinnamaldehyde inclusion compound.
  • the recovery rate of cinnamaldehyde in the gas distillate consisting of a mixture of vaporized essential oil and steam was 94%.
  • the green extraction and purification method of the natural cinnamaldehyde of the present embodiment does not require an organic solvent and an expensive separation device, and has the advantages of low energy consumption, simple process, high production efficiency, and high recovery rate of cinnamaldehyde.
  • a green extraction and purification method of natural cinnamaldehyde which comprises the following steps:
  • Step one pre-treatment: the fresh laurel leaves and cassia twigs are mechanically slurried;
  • Step 2 microwave heating distillation: the slurry obtained in the first step is added to water to prepare a cinnamon slurry, and then heated and distilled under a stirring condition for 0.3 hour by using a microwave cinnamon slurry to obtain a gas distillation product composed of a mixture of vaporized essential oil and steam.
  • the heating power of the microwave is 300W; in this embodiment, in the cinnamon slurry, the weight ratio of the slurry obtained in step one to water is 1:2;
  • Step 3 inclusion reaction: under stirring, the gas distillate obtained in the second step is passed into the cyclodextrin solution to form an inclusion system having a temperature of 40 ° C, and the inclusion system is subjected to the inclusion reaction for 4 hours.
  • Obtaining an inclusion system for precipitating crystals in this embodiment, the mass percentage concentration of the cyclodextrin solution is 18%; the weight ratio of the fresh cinnamon leaves and the cyclodextrin in the solution of the cassia twig and the cyclodextrin is 100 :6;
  • Step 4 collecting the clathrate crystal: firstly, the inclusion system for precipitating the clathrate crystal is cooled to room temperature, and then the inclusion system of the clathrate crystal precipitated in the third step is centrifuged to collect the clathrate crystal;
  • Step 5 drying and pulverization:
  • the clathrate crystals collected in the fourth step were dried using a 30 ° C air stream, and then pulverized to obtain a high-purity natural cinnamaldehyde clathrate.
  • the recovery rate of cinnamaldehyde in the gas distillate consisting of vaporized essential oil and steam is 80%.
  • the green extraction and purification method of the natural cinnamaldehyde of the present embodiment does not require an organic solvent and an expensive separation device, and has the advantages of low energy consumption, simple process, high production efficiency, and high recovery rate of cinnamaldehyde.
  • a green extraction and purification method of natural cinnamaldehyde which comprises the following steps:
  • Step one pre-treatment: mechanically pulverizing dried cinnamon leaves, cassia leaves and cinnamon into powder;
  • Step 2 microwave heating distillation: the powder obtained in the first step is added to water to obtain a cinnamon slurry, and then the cinnamon slurry is heated and distilled by microwave for 0.4 h under stirring to obtain a gas distillation mixture composed of vaporized essential oil and steam.
  • the heating power of the microwave is 600W; in this embodiment, the weight ratio of powder to water in the cinnamon slurry is 1:7;
  • Step 3 inclusion reaction: under the condition of stirring, the gas distillate obtained in the second step is passed into the ring.
  • an inclusion system having a temperature of 55 ° C is formed, and after the inclusion system is subjected to the inclusion reaction for 2.5 h, an inclusion system for precipitating crystals of the inclusion compound is obtained; in this embodiment, the mass percentage concentration of the cyclodextrin solution is obtained. 13%; dry cinnamon leaf, cassia twig and cinnamon and cyclodextrin solution cyclodextrin weight ratio of 100:20;
  • Step 4 collecting the clathrate crystal: firstly, the inclusion system for precipitating the clathrate crystal is cooled to room temperature, and then the inclusion system of the clathrate crystal precipitated in the third step is centrifuged to collect the clathrate crystal;
  • Step 5 drying and pulverizing: the clathrate crystals collected in the fourth step are air-dried at room temperature, and then pulverized to obtain a high-purity natural cinnamaldehyde inclusion compound.
  • the recovery rate of cinnamaldehyde in the gas distillate consisting of a mixture of vaporized essential oil and steam was 83%.
  • the green extraction and purification method of the natural cinnamaldehyde of the present embodiment does not require an organic solvent and an expensive separation device, and has the advantages of low energy consumption, simple process, high production efficiency, and high recovery rate of cinnamaldehyde.
  • a green extraction and purification method of natural cinnamaldehyde which comprises the following steps:
  • Step one pre-treatment: the dried cinnamon leaves, cassia leaves and cinnamon are mechanically pulverized into powder;
  • Step 2 microwave heating distillation: the powder obtained in the first step is added to water to obtain a cinnamon slurry, and then the cinnamon slurry is heated and distilled by microwave for 0.7 h under stirring to obtain a gas distillation mixture composed of vaporized essential oil and steam.
  • the heating power of the microwave is 200W; in this embodiment, the weight ratio of powder to water in the cinnamon slurry is 1:4;
  • Step 3 inclusion reaction: under the stirring condition, the gas distillate obtained in the second step is passed into the cyclodextrin solution to form an inclusion system having a temperature of 72 ° C, and the inclusion system is subjected to the inclusion reaction for 1.8 hours.
  • Step 4 collecting the clathrate crystal: firstly, the inclusion system for precipitating the clathrate crystal is cooled to room temperature, and then the inclusion system of the clathrate crystal precipitated in the third step is centrifuged to collect the clathrate crystal;
  • Step 5 drying and pulverizing: the clathrate crystals collected in the fourth step are air-dried at room temperature, and then pulverized to obtain a high-purity natural cinnamaldehyde inclusion compound.
  • the recovery rate of cinnamaldehyde in the gas distillate consisting of a mixture of vaporized essential oil and steam is 85%.
  • the green extraction and purification method of natural cinnamaldehyde of the present embodiment does not require an organic solvent and is expensive Separation equipment has the advantages of low energy consumption, simple process, high production efficiency and high recovery rate of cinnamaldehyde.
  • a green extraction and purification method of natural cinnamaldehyde which comprises the following steps:
  • Step one pre-treatment: the fresh cinnamon leaves, cinnamon sticks and cinnamon are mechanically slurried;
  • Step 2 microwave heating distillation: the slurry obtained in the first step is added into water to obtain a cinnamon slurry, and then the cinnamon slurry is heated and distilled by microwave for 0.9 h under stirring to obtain a gas distillation composed of a mixture of vaporized essential oil and steam.
  • the heating power of the microwave is 700W; in this embodiment, in the cinnamon slurry, the weight ratio of the slurry obtained in the first step is 1:8;
  • Step 3 inclusion reaction: under stirring, the gas distillate obtained in the second step is passed into the cyclodextrin solution to form an inclusion system having a temperature of 40 ° C, and the inclusion system is subjected to the inclusion reaction for 4 hours.
  • Step 4 collecting the clathrate crystal: firstly, the inclusion system for precipitating the clathrate crystal is cooled to room temperature, and then the inclusion system of the clathrate crystal precipitated in the third step is centrifuged to collect the clathrate crystal;
  • Step 5 Drying and pulverization: The clathrate crystals collected in the fourth step were dried using a 33 ° C air stream, and then pulverized to obtain a high-purity natural cinnamaldehyde clathrate.
  • the recovery rate of cinnamaldehyde in the gas distillate composed of a mixture of vaporized essential oil and steam is 90%.
  • the green extraction and purification method of the natural cinnamaldehyde of the present embodiment does not require an organic solvent and an expensive separation device, and has the advantages of low energy consumption, simple process, high production efficiency, and high recovery rate of cinnamaldehyde.

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Abstract

本发明涉及天然产物提取与分离技术领域，具体涉及一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法。该天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法，包括以下步骤：步骤一，前处理：将肉桂原料粉碎为粉末或制成浆液；步骤二，微波加热蒸馏：将粉末或浆液加入水中得到肉桂浆液，然后利用微波对肉桂浆液或步骤一的浆液进行加热蒸馏，得到由汽化精油与水蒸气混合组成的气体馏出物；步骤三，包合反应：将气体馏出物通入环糊精溶液中，形成包合体系，包合体系进行包合反应，得到析出包合物晶体的包合体系；步骤四，收集包合物晶体；步骤五，干燥和粉碎。该天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法，无需有机溶剂和昂贵分离设备，且具有能耗小、工艺简单、生产效率高和回收率高的优点。

Description

一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法 技术领域
本发明涉及天然产物提取与分离技术领域，具体涉及一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法。
背景技术
化工领域中对物质的分离和纯化成本较高，通常会占到产品成本的80％以上，尤其是对天然产物的提取与分离纯化，其成本会高达90％。
中国是世界上肉桂资源的第一大国，其中，广东在肉桂方面的产量占全国肉桂产量的一半以上。肉桂作为食用安全的香辛料，其精油中富含具有抗菌活性的天然肉桂醛。因此，需要从肉桂精油中将天然肉桂醛提取与分离纯化，才能更好地利用其抗菌活性。
现有技术中，传统的植物精油分离方法通常采取水蒸气蒸馏、溶剂萃取、使用化学分离助剂等工艺。其中，水蒸气蒸馏工艺存在耗时长和能耗大的缺点；溶剂萃取工艺中采用的有机溶剂容易污染环境和对人体有害，即存在污染大的缺点；使用化学分离助剂的工艺存在回收率低的缺点。
另外，新近的超临界二氧化碳、分子蒸馏等技术存在工艺复杂、设备投入大的缺点。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足，提供一种无需有机溶剂和昂贵分离设备，且能耗小、工艺简单的天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
提供一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法，它包括以下步骤：
步骤一，前处理：将肉桂原料粉碎为粉末或制成浆液；
步骤二，微波加热蒸馏：将步骤一得到的粉末或浆液加入水中制得肉桂浆液，然后利用微波对肉桂浆液或步骤一制得的浆液进行加热蒸馏一定时间，得到由汽化精油与水蒸气混合组成的气体馏出物；
步骤三，包合反应：将步骤二得到的气体馏出物通入环糊精溶液中，形成 一定温度的包合体系，包合体系进行包合反应一定时间后，得到析出包合物晶体的包合体系；
步骤四，收集包合物晶体：对步骤三包合体系中析出的包合物晶体进行收集；
步骤五，干燥和粉碎：对步骤四收集的包合物晶体进行干燥，然后粉碎，得到高纯天然肉桂醛包合物。
上述技术方案中，所述步骤一前处理步骤中，所述肉桂原料包括桂叶、桂枝、桂皮和桂果中的一种或任意两种以上的混合物。
上述技术方案中，所述步骤一前处理步骤中，所述肉桂原料为新鲜的肉桂原料或干燥的肉桂原料；
对新鲜的肉桂原料利用机械打成浆液；对干燥的肉桂原料利用机械粉碎为粉末。
上述技术方案中，所述步骤二微波加热蒸馏步骤中，所述肉桂浆液中，粉末或浆液分别与水的重量比为1：0.05～10。
上述技术方案中，所述步骤二微波加热蒸馏步骤中，微波的加热功率为100W～1000W，然后在搅拌的条件下，利用微波对肉桂浆液或步骤一制得的浆液进行加热蒸馏0.3h～1h。
上述技术方案中，所述步骤三包合反应步骤中，所述环糊精溶液的质量百分比浓度为7％～20％。
上述技术方案中，所述肉桂原料与所述环糊精溶液中的环糊精的重量比为100：6～80。
上述技术方案中，所述步骤三包合反应步骤中，在搅拌的条件下，将步骤二得到的气体馏出物通入环糊精溶液中，形成温度为40℃～80℃的包合体系，包合体系继续在搅拌的条件下进行包合反应1h～4h后，得到析出包合物晶体的包合体系。
上述技术方案中，所述步骤四收集包合物晶体步骤中，先对析出包合物晶体的包合体系进行冷却至室温或低于室温，然后对步骤三中析出包合物晶体的包合体系进行沉降后过滤或进行离心以收集包合物晶体。
上述技术方案中，所述步骤五干燥和粉碎步骤中，对步骤四收集的包合物 晶体进行干燥的方式为室温晾干或使用25℃～40℃的空气流干燥。
本发明与现有技术相比较，有益效果在于：
(1)本发明提供的一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法，由于无需使用有机溶剂，从而无需进行有机溶剂的回收，且能够避免有机溶剂对环境造成污染，以及避免有机溶剂容易对人体产生有害作用；另外，由于无需使用昂贵分离设备，从而能够大大降低生产成本。
(2)本发明提供的一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法，由于是采用微波加热蒸馏的方式，相对于现有技术采用水蒸气蒸馏的方式，具有能耗小、耗时短的优点；并且，现有技术水蒸气蒸馏的温度为100℃以上，100℃以上的温度容易使得所蒸馏出来的肉桂精油成分因受热氧化而被破坏，然而，本申请中微波加热蒸馏可在低于100℃的条件下，就能够得到由汽化精油与水蒸气混合组成的气体馏出物，因此，本申请中微波加热蒸馏的方式能够避免汽化精油受热氧化破坏；另外，现有技术水蒸气蒸馏得到的肉桂精油为液体精油，导致其一方面需要冷却，另一方面需要利用昂贵的分离设备进行复杂的分离纯化工序，严重降低了生产效率，然而，由于本申请的微波加热蒸馏方式得到的是由汽化精油与水蒸气混合组成的气体馏出物，使得该气体馏出物不需要利用冷凝设备进行冷凝工序，而只需要直接通入环糊精溶液进行包合反应即可，从而使得本申请的一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法具有工艺简单、生产效率高、设备投入少的优点。
(3)本发明提供的一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法，最终得到的高纯天然肉桂醛包合物，具有纯度高的优点，且其为粉末状，容易溶于水中或分散于水中，能够直接应用于生产。然而，现有技术获得的天然肉桂醛为油状液体，且其不溶于水，不利于应用于生产。
(4)本发明提供的一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法，对由汽化精油与水蒸气混合组成的气体馏出物中的肉桂醛的回收率达80％～95％，具有回收率高的优点。
(5)本发明提供的一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法，步骤三的包合反应中，要确保包合体系的温度为40℃～80℃，因为，如果包合体系的温度低于40℃，则不利于环糊精的溶解，从而影响包合反应；如果包合体系的温度高 于80℃，则会使得气体馏出物中的汽化精油容易从包合体系中挥发出去，因此，包合体系的温度低于40℃或高于80℃，均不利于环糊精与气体馏出物中的精油分子充分接触，会导致肉桂醛的回收率降低。
(6)本发明提供的一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法，具有制备方法简单，生产成本低，并能够适用于大规模生产的特点。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明所解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
其中，本发明的一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法中提及的环糊精溶液，是指将环糊精完全或部分溶于水中得到的环糊精溶液。
实施例1。
一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法，它包括以下步骤：
步骤一，前处理：将新鲜的桂叶利用机械打成浆液；
步骤二，微波加热蒸馏：在搅拌的条件下，利用微波对步骤一制得的浆液进行加热蒸馏1h，得到由汽化精油与水蒸气混合组成的气体馏出物；本实施例中，微波的加热功率为500W；
步骤三，包合反应：在搅拌的条件下，将步骤二得到的气体馏出物通入环糊精溶液中，形成温度为60℃的包合体系，包合体系进行包合反应2h后，得到析出包合物晶体的包合体系；本实施例中，环糊精溶液的质量百分比浓度为10％；新鲜桂叶与环糊精溶液中的环糊精的重量比为100：80；
步骤四，收集包合物晶体：先对析出包合物晶体的包合体系进行冷却至室温，然后对步骤三中析出包合物晶体的包合体系进行沉降后过滤以收集包合物晶体；
步骤五，干燥和粉碎：对步骤四收集的包合物晶体进行室温晾干，然后粉碎，得到高纯天然肉桂醛包合物。
本实施例中，对由汽化精油与水蒸气混合组成的气体馏出物中的肉桂醛的回收率达95％。
本实施例的一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法，无需有机溶剂和昂贵 分离设备，且具有能耗小、工艺简单、生产效率高和肉桂醛的回收率高的优点。
实施例2。
一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法，它包括以下步骤：
步骤一，前处理：将干燥的桂枝利用机械粉碎为粉末；
步骤二，微波加热蒸馏：将步骤一得到的粉末加入水中得到肉桂浆液，然后在搅拌的条件下，利用微波对肉桂浆液进行加热蒸馏0.6h，得到由汽化精油与水蒸气混合组成的气体馏出物；本实施例中，微波的加热功率为1000W；本实施例中，肉桂浆液中，粉末与水的重量比为1：5；
步骤三，包合反应：在搅拌的条件下，将步骤二得到的气体馏出物通入环糊精溶液中，形成温度为50℃的包合体系，包合体系进行包合反应1h后，得到析出包合物晶体的包合体系；本实施例中，环糊精溶液的质量百分比浓度为20％；干燥的桂枝与环糊精溶液中的环糊精的重量比为100：50；
步骤四，收集包合物晶体：先对析出包合物晶体的包合体系进行冷却至低于室温，然后对步骤三中析出包合物晶体的包合体系进行离心以收集包合物晶体；
步骤五，干燥和粉碎：对步骤四收集的包合物晶体使用35℃的空气流进行干燥，然后粉碎，得到高纯天然肉桂醛包合物。
本实施例中，对由汽化精油与水蒸气混合组成的气体馏出物中的肉桂醛的回收率达92％。
本实施例的一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法，无需有机溶剂和昂贵分离设备，且具有能耗小、工艺简单、生产效率高和肉桂醛的回收率高的优点。
实施例3。
一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法，它包括以下步骤：
步骤一，前处理：将干燥的桂皮利用机械粉碎为粉末；
步骤二，微波加热蒸馏：将步骤一得到的粉末加入水中得到肉桂浆液，然后在搅拌的条件下，利用微波对肉桂浆液进行加热蒸馏0.5h，得到由汽化精油与水蒸气混合组成的气体馏出物；本实施例中，微波的加热功率为900W；本实施例中，肉桂浆液中，粉末与水的重量比为1：10；
步骤三，包合反应：在搅拌的条件下，将步骤二得到的气体馏出物通入环 糊精溶液中，形成温度为70℃的包合体系，包合体系进行包合反应3h后，得到析出包合物晶体的包合体系；本实施例中，环糊精溶液的质量百分比浓度为7％；干燥的桂皮与环糊精溶液中的环糊精的重量比为100：70；
步骤四，收集包合物晶体：先对析出包合物晶体的包合体系进行冷却至室温，然后对步骤三中析出包合物晶体的包合体系进行离心以收集包合物晶体；
步骤五，干燥和粉碎：对步骤四收集的包合物晶体使用40℃的空气流进行干燥，然后粉碎，得到高纯天然肉桂醛包合物。
本实施例中，对由汽化精油与水蒸气混合组成的气体馏出物中的肉桂醛的回收率达88％。
本实施例的一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法，无需有机溶剂和昂贵分离设备，且具有能耗小、工艺简单、生产效率高和肉桂醛的回收率高的优点。
实施例4。
一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法，它包括以下步骤：
步骤一，前处理：将新鲜的桂果利用机械打成浆液；
步骤二，微波加热蒸馏：将步骤一得到的浆液加入水中制得肉桂浆液，然后在搅拌的条件下，利用微波对肉桂浆液进行加热蒸馏0.8h，得到由汽化精油与水蒸气混合组成的气体馏出物；本实施例中，微波的加热功率为100W；本实施例中，肉桂浆液中，步骤一得到的浆液与水的重量比为1：0.05；
步骤三，包合反应：在搅拌的条件下，将步骤二得到的气体馏出物通入环糊精溶液中，形成温度为80℃的包合体系，包合体系进行包合反应1.5h后，得到析出包合物晶体的包合体系；本实施例中，环糊精溶液的质量百分比浓度为15％；新鲜桂果与环糊精溶液中的环糊精的重量比为100：60；
步骤四，收集包合物晶体：先对析出包合物晶体的包合体系进行冷却至室温，然后对步骤三中析出包合物晶体的包合体系进行沉降后过滤以收集包合物晶体；
步骤五，干燥和粉碎：对步骤四收集的包合物晶体使用25℃的空气流进行干燥，然后粉碎，得到高纯天然肉桂醛包合物。
本实施例中，对由汽化精油与水蒸气混合组成的气体馏出物中的肉桂醛的回收率达94％。
本实施例的一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法，无需有机溶剂和昂贵分离设备，且具有能耗小、工艺简单、生产效率高和肉桂醛的回收率高的优点。
实施例5。
一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法，它包括以下步骤：
步骤一，前处理：将新鲜的桂叶和桂枝利用机械打成浆液；
步骤二，微波加热蒸馏：将步骤一得到的浆液加入水中制得肉桂浆液，然后在搅拌的条件下，利用微波肉桂浆液进行加热蒸馏0.3h，得到由汽化精油与水蒸气混合组成的气体馏出物；本实施例中，微波的加热功率为300W；本实施例中，肉桂浆液中，步骤一得到的浆液与水的重量比为1：2；
步骤三，包合反应：在搅拌的条件下，将步骤二得到的气体馏出物通入环糊精溶液中，形成温度为40℃的包合体系，包合体系进行包合反应4h后，得到析出包合物晶体的包合体系；本实施例中，环糊精溶液的质量百分比浓度为18％；新鲜的桂叶和桂枝与环糊精溶液中的环糊精的重量比为100：6；
步骤四，收集包合物晶体：先对析出包合物晶体的包合体系进行冷却至室温，然后对步骤三中析出包合物晶体的包合体系进行离心以收集包合物晶体；
步骤五，干燥和粉碎：对步骤四收集的包合物晶体使用30℃的空气流进行干燥，然后粉碎，得到高纯天然肉桂醛包合物。
本实施例中，对由汽化精油与水蒸气混合组成的气体馏出物中的肉桂醛的回收率达80％。
本实施例的一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法，无需有机溶剂和昂贵分离设备，且具有能耗小、工艺简单、生产效率高和肉桂醛的回收率高的优点。
实施例6。
一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法，它包括以下步骤：
步骤一，前处理：将干燥的桂叶、桂枝和桂皮利用机械粉碎为粉末；
步骤二，微波加热蒸馏：将步骤一得到的粉末加入水中得到肉桂浆液，然后在搅拌的条件下，利用微波对肉桂浆液进行加热蒸馏0.4h，得到由汽化精油与水蒸气混合组成的气体馏出物；本实施例中，微波的加热功率为600W；本实施例中，肉桂浆液中，粉末与水的重量比为1：7；
步骤三，包合反应：在搅拌的条件下，将步骤二得到的气体馏出物通入环 糊精溶液中，形成温度为55℃的包合体系，包合体系进行包合反应2.5h后，得到析出包合物晶体的包合体系；本实施例中，环糊精溶液的质量百分比浓度为13％；干燥的桂叶、桂枝和桂皮与环糊精溶液中的环糊精的重量比为100：20；
步骤四，收集包合物晶体：先对析出包合物晶体的包合体系进行冷却至室温，然后对步骤三中析出包合物晶体的包合体系进行离心以收集包合物晶体；
步骤五，干燥和粉碎：对步骤四收集的包合物晶体进行室温晾干，然后粉碎，得到高纯天然肉桂醛包合物。
本实施例中，对由汽化精油与水蒸气混合组成的气体馏出物中的肉桂醛的回收率达83％。
本实施例的一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法，无需有机溶剂和昂贵分离设备，且具有能耗小、工艺简单、生产效率高和肉桂醛的回收率高的优点。
实施例7。
一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法，它包括以下步骤：
步骤一，前处理：将干燥的桂叶、桂枝和桂果利用机械粉碎为粉末；
步骤二，微波加热蒸馏：将步骤一得到的粉末加入水中得到肉桂浆液，然后在搅拌的条件下，利用微波对肉桂浆液进行加热蒸馏0.7h，得到由汽化精油与水蒸气混合组成的气体馏出物；本实施例中，微波的加热功率为200W；本实施例中，肉桂浆液中，粉末与水的重量比为1：4；
步骤三，包合反应：在搅拌的条件下，将步骤二得到的气体馏出物通入环糊精溶液中，形成温度为72℃的包合体系，包合体系进行包合反应1.8h后，得到析出包合物晶体的包合体系；本实施例中，环糊精溶液的质量百分比浓度为9％；干燥的桂叶、桂枝和桂果与环糊精溶液中的环糊精的重量比为100：30；
步骤四，收集包合物晶体：先对析出包合物晶体的包合体系进行冷却至室温，然后对步骤三中析出包合物晶体的包合体系进行离心以收集包合物晶体；
步骤五，干燥和粉碎：对步骤四收集的包合物晶体进行室温晾干，然后粉碎，得到高纯天然肉桂醛包合物。
本实施例中，对由汽化精油与水蒸气混合组成的气体馏出物中的肉桂醛的回收率达85％。
本实施例的一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法，无需有机溶剂和昂贵 分离设备，且具有能耗小、工艺简单、生产效率高和肉桂醛的回收率高的优点。
实施例8。
一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法，它包括以下步骤：
步骤一，前处理：将新鲜的桂叶、桂枝桂皮和桂果利用机械打成浆液；
步骤二，微波加热蒸馏：将步骤一得到的浆液加入水中制得肉桂浆液，然后在搅拌的条件下，利用微波对肉桂浆液进行加热蒸馏0.9h，得到由汽化精油与水蒸气混合组成的气体馏出物；本实施例中，微波的加热功率为700W；本实施例中，肉桂浆液中，步骤一得到的浆液与水的重量比为1：8；
步骤三，包合反应：在搅拌的条件下，将步骤二得到的气体馏出物通入环糊精溶液中，形成温度为40℃的包合体系，包合体系进行包合反应4h后，得到析出包合物晶体的包合体系；本实施例中，环糊精溶液的质量百分比浓度为16％；新鲜的桂叶、桂枝桂皮和桂果与环糊精溶液中的环糊精的重量比为100：15；
步骤四，收集包合物晶体：先对析出包合物晶体的包合体系进行冷却至室温，然后对步骤三中析出包合物晶体的包合体系进行离心以收集包合物晶体；
步骤五，干燥和粉碎：对步骤四收集的包合物晶体使用33℃的空气流进行干燥，然后粉碎，得到高纯天然肉桂醛包合物。
本实施例中，对由汽化精油与水蒸气混合组成的气体馏出物中的肉桂醛的回收率达90％。
本实施例的一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法，无需有机溶剂和昂贵分离设备，且具有能耗小、工艺简单、生产效率高和肉桂醛的回收率高的优点。
最后应当说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对本发明保护范围的限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细地说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法，其特征在于：它包括以下步骤：
    步骤一，前处理：将肉桂原料粉碎为粉末或制成浆液；
    步骤二，微波加热蒸馏：将步骤一得到的粉末或浆液加入水中制得肉桂浆液，然后利用微波对肉桂浆液或步骤一制得的浆液进行加热蒸馏一定时间，得到由汽化精油与水蒸气混合组成的气体馏出物；
    步骤三，包合反应：将步骤二得到的气体馏出物通入环糊精溶液中，形成一定温度的包合体系，包合体系进行包合反应一定时间后，得到析出包合物晶体的包合体系；
    步骤四，收集包合物晶体：对步骤三包合体系中析出的包合物晶体进行收集；
    步骤五，干燥和粉碎：对步骤四收集的包合物晶体进行干燥，然后粉碎，得到高纯天然肉桂醛包合物。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法，其特征在于：所述步骤一前处理步骤中，所述肉桂原料包括桂叶、桂枝、桂皮和桂果中的一种或任意两种以上的混合物。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法，其特征在于：所述步骤一前处理步骤中，所述肉桂原料为新鲜的肉桂原料或干燥的肉桂原料；
    对新鲜的肉桂原料利用机械打成浆液；对干燥的肉桂原料利用机械粉碎为粉末。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法，其特征在于：所述步骤二微波加热蒸馏步骤中，所述肉桂浆液中，粉末或浆液分别与水的重量比为1：0.05～10。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法，其特征在于：所述步骤二微波加热蒸馏步骤中，微波的加热功率为100W～1000W，然后在搅拌的条件下，利用微波对肉桂浆液或步骤一制得的浆液进行加热蒸馏 0.3h～1h。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法，其特征在于：所述步骤三包合反应步骤中，所述环糊精溶液的质量百分比浓度为7％～20％。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法，其特征在于：所述肉桂原料与所述环糊精溶液中的环糊精的重量比为100：6～80。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法，其特征在于：所述步骤三包合反应步骤中，在搅拌的条件下，将步骤二得到的气体馏出物通入环糊精溶液中，形成温度为40℃～80℃的包合体系，包合体系继续在搅拌的条件下进行包合反应1h～4h后，得到析出包合物晶体的包合体系。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法，其特征在于：所述步骤四收集包合物晶体步骤中，先对析出包合物晶体的包合体系进行冷却至室温或低于室温，然后对步骤三中析出包合物晶体的包合体系进行沉降后过滤或进行离心以收集包合物晶体。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种天然肉桂醛的绿色提取与纯化方法，其特征在于：所述步骤五干燥和粉碎步骤中，对步骤四收集的包合物晶体进行干燥的方式为室温晾干或使用25℃～40℃的空气流干燥。
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