WO2016187952A1 - 一种铁路货车转向架轴箱弹性定位方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种铁路货车转向架轴箱弹性定位方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016187952A1
WO2016187952A1 PCT/CN2015/085774 CN2015085774W WO2016187952A1 WO 2016187952 A1 WO2016187952 A1 WO 2016187952A1 CN 2015085774 W CN2015085774 W CN 2015085774W WO 2016187952 A1 WO2016187952 A1 WO 2016187952A1
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Prior art keywords
lining
rubber pad
axle box
separated
freight car
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Application number
PCT/CN2015/085774
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李国�
淡赵军
宫万禄
Original Assignee
株洲市源创科技有限公司
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Application filed by 株洲市源创科技有限公司 filed Critical 株洲市源创科技有限公司
Publication of WO2016187952A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016187952A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/26—Mounting or securing axle-boxes in vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B61F5/30—Axle-boxes mounted for movement under spring control in vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B61F5/305—Axle-boxes mounted for movement under spring control in vehicle or bogie underframes incorporating rubber springs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/26—Mounting or securing axle-boxes in vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B61F5/30—Axle-boxes mounted for movement under spring control in vehicle or bogie underframes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for coupling components of a railway wagon vehicle, and particularly to a method and a device for elastically positioning an axle box of a railway freight car bogie, in particular to a three-piece wheel-rail low-power action type.
  • the axle box elastic positioning device and rubber pad of the truck bogie are mainly used for fast and heavy-duty railway wagons, and belong to the technical field of railway wagon manufacturing.
  • a railway freight car bogie refers to a running device that can be rotated relative to a vehicle body.
  • a railway freight car bogie refers to a running device that can be rotated relative to a vehicle body.
  • a main means is to increase the axle box elastic positioning device between the bearing saddle and the side frame. The requirements for this device are:
  • Patent documents have not been found to have the same technology as the present invention, and patents having a certain relationship with the present invention mainly include the following:
  • the patent number is CN201320154107.2, and the name is "a railway freight car bogie and a rubber pad”.
  • the patent discloses a axle box positioning method and a rubber pad for a railway freight car bogie, but
  • the upper and lower lining plates of the rubber pad are rigid overall structure, and the splayed surface matching with the upper side frame and the lower bearing saddle is over-positioned, so that the rubber pad and the side cannot be realized after loading.
  • the frame and the bearer are attached to each bearing surface, thus affecting the positioning reliability and structural reliability.
  • the patent number is CN201320164916.1
  • the name is "railway truck bogie axle box elastic suspension damping device”
  • the patent also discloses a shaft box positioning method and rubber mat, but its public technology Adopted in the plan A pair of flat pads are placed in a figure-eight shape, so that the reliability problem of positioning can be effectively solved, but this arrangement cannot be well adapted to the shape of the bearing saddle.
  • the angle of the two pads is larger, the longitudinal stiffness decreases, which affects the critical speed of the operation of the bogie; when the angle of the pad is small, the gap between the two plates increases, and the effective bearing area of the elastic element in the horizontal plane decreases, and decreases. Its carrying capacity is not suitable for heavy-duty truck bogies.
  • Patent No. CN201020297547 the invention patent of "axle box elastic pad, railway freight car bogie axle box elastic suspension system and railway wagon", the patent discloses a shaft box elastic pad, railway wagon steering Axle box elastic suspension system and railway wagons.
  • the axle box elastic pad comprises: a first lining plate, a first elastic body, a second lining plate, a second elastic body and a third lining plate; the first elastic body is disposed on the first lining plate and the second lining plate Between the linings; the second lining is disposed between the first elastic body and the second elastic body; the second elastic body is disposed on the second lining plate and the third lining plate.
  • the first lining, the first elastic body, the second lining plate, the second elastic body and the third lining are vulcanized into one body; the first lining plate has at least one first hole, the second
  • the liner has a positioning shaft that mates with the first aperture, the first elastomer having a second aperture, the positioning shaft passing through the second aperture, located in the first aperture.
  • axle box elastic positioning devices for loading and unloading can not meet the following operational requirements:
  • the structure is compact, and the shape matches the shape of the side frame guide frame and the bearing saddle.
  • the object of the present invention is to address the deficiencies of the axle box elastic positioning device of the existing railway freight car bogie
  • a new axle box elastic positioning method and device for railway freight car bogies are proposed.
  • the axle box elastic positioning method and device can effectively eliminate the phenomenon of over-positioning of the upper and lower lining plates, thereby making the bogies simple, stable and reliable. Improve the operational reliability of the bogie.
  • the present invention provides an elastic positioning method for a railway freight car bogie axle box, which adopts a lining-separated figure-shaped rubber pad, and a load bearing surface of the saddle top and a bottom bearing surface of the side frame guide frame.
  • the splayed face forms a reliable contact and positioning.
  • the lining-separated splay-shaped rubber pad adopts a lining structure of the top lining and the bottom lining of the rubber pad, so that the top lining and the bottom lining are installed, and the rubber piece is used.
  • the elasticity of the vehicle and the gravity of the vehicle automatically adapt the manufacturing error between the rubber member and the side frame bearing surface and the saddle bearing surface to achieve accurate and stable positioning, and provide stable positioning rigidity to the axle box.
  • top lining and the bottom lining of the rubber mat are configured to separate the top lining and the bottom lining of the rubber mat into two sections in a horizontal plane, or in a horizontal plane and an inclined plane.
  • the joint is separated into three sections, and a longitudinal gap should be left at each separation.
  • top lining and the bottom lining of the rubber mat are configured to separate the top lining or the bottom lining of the rubber mat into two sections in a horizontal plane, or in a horizontal plane and an inclined plane.
  • the joint is separated into three sections, and a longitudinal gap should be left at each separation.
  • the upper and lower blocks of the rubber pad each have a reserved bolt hole for mounting the grounding guide post.
  • a railway freight car bogie axle box elastic positioning device for realizing the above-mentioned railway freight car bogie axle box elastic positioning method, comprising a top liner, a bottom liner and a rubber mat, a top liner, a bottom liner and a rubber mat The octagonal load surface; the rubber mat is integrally vulcanized together with the top lining plate and the bottom lining plate to form a shaft box elastic positioning device with the upper and lower sides being the metal body and the middle being the elastic body, wherein the top lining plate is characterized in that The bottom lining is in a split structure to form a lining-separated figure-shaped rubber pad.
  • top liner and the bottom liner are separated structures, and the top liner of the rubber mat is
  • the bottom lining is made into a component structure, so that the top lining and the bottom lining are installed, and the elasticity of the rubber member itself and the gravity of the vehicle are utilized, so that the manufacturing error of the rubber member and the side frame eight-character bearing surface and the bearing saddle bearing surface automatically Adapted to achieve accurate and stable positioning, providing a stable positioning stiffness to the axle box.
  • top liner and the bottom liner are separated structures, and the top liner and the bottom liner of the rubber mat are separated into two sections in a horizontal plane, or are separated at a joint between a horizontal plane and an inclined plane. In three stages, a longitudinal gap should be left at each separation.
  • top lining and the bottom lining of the rubber mat are made into a body structure, and the top lining or the bottom lining of the rubber mat is separated into two sections in a horizontal plane, or in a horizontal plane and an inclined plane.
  • the joint is separated into three sections, and a longitudinal gap should be left at each separation.
  • the upper and lower blocks of the rubber pad each have a reserved bolt hole for mounting the grounding guide post.
  • the present invention adopts a lining-separated figure-shaped rubber pad, which mainly has the following features:
  • the separation of the lining plate enables the lining plate to be installed, and can utilize the elasticity between the rubber member itself and the gap between the gravity of the vehicle and the separation of the lining plate, so that the rubber member and the side frame eight-character bearing surface and the bearing saddle eight-bearing bearing surface
  • the manufacturing error is automatically adapted to achieve accurate and stable positioning, providing stable positioning stiffness to the axlebox
  • the rubber pad can form a reliable contact and positioning with the octagonal surface of the bearing top surface of the saddle bearing top and the bottom bearing surface of the side frame guide frame.
  • 1 is a front view of an axle box positioning device
  • Figure 3 is a plan view of Figure 2; 4 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a plan view of FIG. 4.
  • the present invention relates to an axle box elastic positioning device for a railway freight car bogie
  • the axle box elastic positioning device 4 is installed between the bearing saddle 3 and the side frame 5, and the bearing saddle 3 is located at the wheel.
  • the elastic positioning device 4 functions as an elastic positioning of the side frame 5.
  • FIG. 2 and 3 (shown in Figures 2 and 3) comprising a top liner 44, a bottom liner 41 and a rubber pad 40, the top liner 44, the bottom liner 41 and the rubber pad 40 are splayed faces; the rubber pad 40 and the top
  • the lining plate 44 and the bottom lining plate 41 are integrally vulcanized together to form a shaft box elastic positioning device having a metal body on the upper and lower sides and an elastic body in the middle; wherein the top lining plate 44 and the bottom lining plate 41 are divided into The body structure forms a lining-separated figure-shaped rubber pad.
  • top lining plate 44 and the bottom lining plate 41 are in a split structure, and the top lining plate 44 and the bottom lining plate 41 of the rubber pad are respectively divided into two parts, which are left and right, respectively, on the horizontal plane, respectively, and the left top lining plate is respectively 45.
  • the inner portion is separated into two sections, and between the left top liner 45 and the right top liner 46, and the left bottom liner 47 and the right bottom liner 48 are left with a longitudinal gap X, and the longitudinal gap X has a width greater than the thickness of the upper and lower liners.
  • top lining plate 44 and the bottom lining plate 41 are installed in the ⁇ , using the elasticity of the rubber member itself and the gravity of the vehicle, so that the manufacturing error of the rubber member and the side frame octagonal bearing surface and the bearing saddle bearing surface automatically adapts, thereby achieving accurate, Stable positioning , to provide a stable positioning stiffness to the axle box.
  • an upper stopper 43a and a lower stopper 43b are respectively disposed at the separation portions of the left top liner 45 and the left bottom liner 47, and each of the upper stopper 43a and the lower stopper 43b has a reserved one.
  • the upper jaw is also provided with an upper stopper 42a and a lower stopper 42b at the separation of the right top liner 46 and the right bottom liner 48, respectively, for the mounting and positioning of the left bottom liner 47 and the right bottom liner 48.
  • the structure of the second embodiment is the same as the basic principle of the first embodiment, except that the manner of separation is different, as shown in FIGS. 4-5.
  • a railway freight car bogie axle box elastic positioning device the elastic positioning device comprises a top liner 404, a bottom liner 401 and a rubber pad 400, and the top liner 404, the bottom liner 401 and the rubber mat 400 are eight-shaped
  • the rubber pad 400 is integrally vulcanized with the top lining 404 and the bottom lining 401 to form a shaft box elastic positioning device having a metal body on the upper and lower sides and an elastic body in the middle; and the top lining plate is characterized in that
  • the 404 and the bottom liner 401 are of a split structure, forming a liner-separated figure-shaped rubber pad.
  • the top liner 404 and the bottom liner 401 are in a split structure, and the top liner 404 and the bottom liner 401 of the rubber mat are separated into three sections at the joint of the horizontal plane and the inclined plane, respectively.
  • an upper stop 411 and a lower stop 412 are respectively disposed on the top horizontal lining and the bottom horizontal lining, and each of the upper 411 and the lower 412 has a reserved bolt hole for Install the grounding guide post if necessary.
  • the structure of the third embodiment is the same as the basic principle of the first embodiment, but the manner of separation is different; a railway freight car bogie axle box elastic positioning device, the elastic positioning device includes a top liner and a bottom
  • the lining plate and the rubber pad, the top lining plate, the bottom lining plate and the rubber pad are all eight-shaped surface; the rubber pad is integrally vulcanized with the top lining plate and the bottom lining plate to form a metal body on the upper and lower sides, and an elastic body in the middle Axle box elastic positioning device; characterized in that the top liner and the bottom liner are separated
  • the structure forms a lining-separated figure-shaped rubber pad, and the lining plate is separated by only one of the top lining plate or the bottom lining plate, and one of the top lining plate or the bottom lining plate is formed into a two-stage separating structure.
  • a railway freight car bogie axle box elastic positioning device comprises a top liner and a bottom
  • the lining plate and the rubber pad, the top lining plate, the bottom lining plate and the rubber pad are all eight-shaped surface; the rubber pad is integrally vulcanized with the top lining plate and the bottom lining plate to form a metal body on the upper and lower sides, and an elastic body in the middle
  • the axle box elastic positioning device is characterized in that: the top lining plate and the bottom lining plate are separated structures, forming a lining-separated figure-shaped rubber pad, and the lining plate is separated only by the top lining plate or the bottom plate.
  • One of the liners is separated, forming one of the top liner or the bottom liner into a three-part separation structure.
  • the present invention also relates to an elastic positioning method for a railway freight car bogie axle box, which adopts a lining-separated figure-shaped rubber pad, and bears the top loading surface of the saddle and the bottom of the side frame guide frame.
  • the octagonal face of the face forms a reliable contact and positioning.
  • the lining-separated splayed rubber pad adopts a lining structure of the top lining and the bottom lining of the rubber pad, so that the top lining and the bottom lining are installed, and the rubber piece is used.
  • the elasticity of the vehicle and the gravity of the vehicle automatically adapt the manufacturing error between the rubber member and the side frame bearing surface and the saddle bearing surface to achieve accurate and stable positioning, and provide stable positioning rigidity to the axle box.
  • top lining and the bottom lining of the rubber mat are configured to separate the top lining and the bottom lining of the rubber mat into two sections in a horizontal plane, or in a horizontal plane and an inclined plane.
  • the joint is separated into three sections, and a longitudinal gap should be left at each separation.
  • top lining and the bottom lining of the rubber mat are configured to separate the top lining or the bottom lining of the rubber mat into two sections in a horizontal plane, or in a horizontal plane and an inclined plane.
  • the joint is separated into three sections, and a longitudinal gap should be left at each separation.
  • the upper and lower blocks of the rubber pad each have a reserved bolt hole for Install the grounding guide post if necessary.
  • the present invention is primarily applicable to fast, heavy-duty railway wagons to prevent relative movement between the side frames in a horizontal plane, with the following advantages:
  • the present invention adopts a lining-separated figure-shaped rubber pad, which mainly has the following features:
  • the rubber pad can form a reliable contact and positioning with the octagonal surface of the bearing top surface of the saddle bearing top and the bottom bearing surface of the side frame guide frame.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种铁路货车转向架轴箱弹性定位方法，采用衬板分离式八字形橡胶垫，与承载鞍顶部承载面及侧架导框底部承载面的八字面形成可靠的接触与定位。一种铁路货车转向架轴箱弹性定位装置，包括顶部衬板(44)、底部衬板(41)和橡胶垫(40)，顶部衬板(44)、底部衬板(41)和橡胶垫(40)均为八字形载面；橡胶垫(40)与顶部衬板(44)和底部衬板(41)整体硫化在一起，形成一个上下两面为金属体、中间为弹性体的轴箱弹性定位装置；顶部衬板(44)与底部衬板(41)为分体式结构，形成一种衬板分离式八字形橡胶垫。

Description

一种铁路货车转向架轴箱弹性定位方法及装置 技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及到一种铁路货车车辆的部件联接方法及装置， 具体涉及一种铁路货 车转向架轴箱弹性定位方法及装置， 尤其是指一种三大件式轮轨低动力作用式 货车转向架的轴箱弹性定位装置及橡胶垫， 主要用于快速、 重载铁路货车， 属 铁路货车制造技术领域。
背景技术
[0002] 铁路货车转向架是指能相对车体回转的一种走行装置。 目前主要有铸钢三大件 式转向架和构架式转向架； 其中， 由于三大件式铁路货车转向架具有结构简单 、 均载性能好等优点， 得以在铁路货车上大量应用。 为了有效地降低轮轨之间 的动态作用力， 一个主要的手段是在承载鞍与侧架之间增加轴箱弹性定位装置 。 对该装置的要求为：
[0003] 1) 应能给轮对提供合适的纵向、 横向及垂向刚度， 以满足车辆运行的高临界 速度与低轮轨作用力的要求。
[0004] 2) 同吋要求弹性元件在极端的运用工况、 及使用寿命周期内下， 具有良好的 可靠性。
[0005] 1) 结构紧凑， 形状与侧架导框及承载鞍形状相匹配。
[0006] 通过专利检索没发现有与本发明相同技术的专利文献报道， 与本发明有一定关 系的专利主要有以下几个：
[0007] 1、 专利号为 CN201320154107.2, 名称为 "一种铁路货车转向架及其橡胶垫"， 该专利公幵了一种铁路货车转向架用的轴箱定位方式及橡胶垫， 但其公幵的技 术方案中橡胶垫的上下衬板都为刚性的整体结构， 与上部侧架及下部承载鞍相 配合的八字形表面均存在过定位， 因此在装车后， 无法实现橡胶垫与侧架及承 载鞍每个承载面的密贴， 因而影响了其定位可靠性与结构可靠性。
[0008] 2、 专利号为 CN201320164916.1 , 名称为 "铁路货车转向架轴箱弹性悬挂减振装 置"， 该专利也公幵了一种轴箱定位方式及橡胶垫， 但其公幵的技术方案中采用 一对平垫板成八字形放置， 这样虽可以有效地解决定位的可靠性问题， 但这种 布置无法与承载鞍的形状形成很好的适应。 当两垫板角度较大吋， 纵向刚度下 降， 影响转向架运行的临界速度； 当垫板角度较小吋， 两垫板之间间隙增大， 水平面内弹性元件的有效承载面积减小， 降低了其承载能力， 不适应应用于重 载货车转向架。
[0009] 3、 专利号为 CN201020297547 , 名称为"轴箱弹性垫、 铁路货车转向架轴箱弹 性悬挂系统及铁路货车"的发明专利， 该专利公幵了一种轴箱弹性垫、 铁路货车 转向架轴箱弹性悬挂系统及铁路货车。 轴箱弹性垫包括： 第一衬板、 第一弹性 体、 第二衬板、 第二弹性体及第三衬板； 所述第一弹性体设置于所述第一衬板 与所述第二衬板之间； 所述第二衬板设置于所述第一弹性体与所述第二弹性体 之间； 所述第二弹性体设置于所述第二衬板与所述第三衬板之间； 所述第一衬 板、 第一弹性体、 第二衬板、 第二弹性体及第三衬板硫化为一体； 所述第一衬 板具有至少一个第一孔， 所述第二衬板上具有与所述第一孔相匹配的定位轴， 所述第一弹性体具有第二孔， 所述定位轴穿过所述第二孔， 位于所述第一孔中 。 满足了转向架轴箱弹性悬挂系统对较大的横向刚度、 纵向刚度与较小的垂向 刚度的要求， 仍然存在前面所述的问题。
技术问题
[0010] 目前大量生产装车的轴箱弹性定位装置， 都无法满足以下作业要求：
[0011] 1) 应能给轮对提供合适的纵向、 横向及垂向刚度， 以满足车辆运行 的高临界速度与低轮轨作用力的要求。
[0012] 2) 同吋要求弹性元件在极端的运用工况、 及使用寿命周期内下， 具 有良好的可靠性。
[0013] 3) 结构紧凑， 形状与侧架导框及承载鞍形状相匹配。
[0014] 导致运用过程存在定位不可靠， 从而影响转向架的运行临界速度， 降低其低动 力性能。 上述这些专利虽然都涉及到铁路货车转向架的轴箱弹性定位装置， 也 提出了一些结构性的改进， 但通过仔细分析可以发现， 这些都没有从根本上改 进现有的轴箱弹性定位装置， 仍都存在定位不可靠的问题； 之所以这样， 经过 仔细分析， 其主要原因仍旧是上下衬板都为刚性的整体结构， 形成过定位所造 成的， 因此仍有待进一步加以改进。
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0015] 本发明的目的在于针对现有铁路货车转向架的轴箱弹性定位装置所存在的不足
， 提出一种新的铁路货车转向架的轴箱弹性定位方法及装置， 该轴箱弹性定位 方法及装置可以有效消除上下衬板过定位的现象， 从而使得转向架具有简单、 稳定、 可靠的定位， 提高转向架的运行可靠性。
[0016] 为了达到这一目的， 本发明提供了一种铁路货车转向架轴箱弹性定位方法， 采 用衬板分离式八字形橡胶垫， 与承载鞍顶部承载面及侧架导框底部承载面的八 字面形成可靠的接触与定位。
[0017] 进一步地， 所述的采用衬板分离式八字形橡胶垫是将橡胶垫的顶部衬板与底部 衬板做成分体式结构， 使得顶部衬板与底部衬板在安装吋， 利用橡胶件本身的 弹性和车辆的重力， 使得橡胶件与侧架八字承载面与承载鞍八字承载面的制造 误差自动相适应， 从而达到精确、 稳定的定位， 给轴箱提供稳定的定位刚度。
[0018] 进一步地， 所述的将橡胶垫的顶部衬板与底部衬板做成分体式结构是将橡胶垫 的顶部衬板和底部衬板在水平面内分离成两段， 或在水平面与倾斜面的联接处 分离成三段， 在每个分离处应留有纵向间隙。
[0019] 进一步地， 所述的将橡胶垫的顶部衬板与底部衬板做成分体式结构是将橡胶垫 的顶部衬板或底部衬板在水平面内分离成两段， 或在水平面与倾斜面的联接处 分离成三段， 在每个分离处应留有纵向间隙。
[0020] 进一步地， 所述的橡胶垫的上挡块与下挡块上， 各有一个预留的螺栓孔， 用于 必要吋安装接地导柱。
[0021] 一种实现上述铁路货车转向架轴箱弹性定位方法的铁路货车转向架轴箱弹性定 位装置， 包括顶部衬板、 底部衬板和橡胶垫， 顶部衬板、 底部衬板和橡胶垫均 为八字形载面； 橡胶垫与顶部衬板和底部衬板整体硫化在一起， 形成一个上下 两面为金属体， 中间为弹性体的轴箱弹性定位装置， 其特点在于， 所述的顶部 衬板与底部衬板为分体式结构， 形成一种衬板分离式八字形橡胶垫。
[0022] 进一步地， 所述的顶部衬板与底部衬板为分体式结构是将橡胶垫的顶部衬板与 底部衬板做成分体式结构， 使得顶部衬板与底部衬板在安装吋， 利用橡胶件本 身的弹性和车辆的重力， 使得橡胶件与侧架八字承载面与承载鞍八字承载面的 制造误差自动相适应， 从而达到精确、 稳定的定位， 给轴箱提供稳定的定位刚 度。
[0023] 进一步地， 所述的顶部衬板与底部衬板为分体式结构是将橡胶垫的顶部衬板和 底部衬板在水平面内分离成两段， 或在水平面与倾斜面的联接处分离成三段， 在每个分离处应留有纵向间隙。
[0024] 进一步地， 所述的将橡胶垫的顶部衬板与底部衬板做成分体式结构是将橡胶垫 的顶部衬板或底部衬板在水平面内分离成两段， 或在水平面与倾斜面的联接处 分离成三段， 在每个分离处应留有纵向间隙。
[0025] 进一步地， 所述的橡胶垫的上挡块与下挡块上， 各有一个预留的螺栓孔， 用于 必要吋安装接地导柱。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0026] 本发明采用衬板分离式八字形橡胶垫， 主要有以下特点：
[0027] 1、 衬板分离使得衬板在安装吋， 能够利用橡胶件本身的弹性和车辆的重力和 衬板分离之间的间隙， 使得橡胶件与侧架八字承载面与承载鞍八字承载面的制 造误差自动相适应， 从而达到精确、 稳定的定位， 给轴箱提供稳定的定位刚度
[0028] 2、 橡胶垫能与承载鞍顶部承载面及侧架导框底部承载面的八字面形成可靠的 接触与定位。
[0029] 3、 由于在两块上衬板及两块下衬板之间均预留有纵向间隙， 在安装通过次间 隙的变化， 使得橡胶垫与承载鞍与侧架利用橡胶的弹性自动贴靠。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0030] 图 1是轴箱定位装置的主视图；
[0031] 图 2是本发明结构原理示意图；
[0032] 图 3是图 2的俯视图； [0033] 图 4是本发明另一种实施例结构示意图；
[0034] 图 5是图 4的俯视图。
实施该发明的最佳实施例
本发明的最佳实施方式
[0035] 下面结合附图和具体实施例来进一步阐述本发明。
[0036] 实施例一
[0037] 通过附图 1可以看出， 本发明涉及一种铁路货车转向架轴箱弹性定位装置， 轴 箱弹性定位装置 4安装在承载鞍 3和侧架 5之间， 承载鞍 3有位于轮对 1和滚动轴承 装置 2之上， 弹性定位装置 4起到侧架 5的弹性定位作用。 所述的弹性定位装置 4
(如附图 2和 3所示） 包括顶部衬板 44、 底部衬板 41和橡胶垫 40， 顶部衬板 44、 底部衬板 41和橡胶垫均 40为八字形载面； 橡胶垫 40与顶部衬板 44和底部衬板 41 整体硫化在一起， 形成一个上下两面为金属体， 中间为弹性体的轴箱弹性定位 装置； 其特点在于， 所述的顶部衬板 44与底部衬板 41为分体式结构， 形成一种 衬板分离式八字形橡胶垫。
[0038] 所述的顶部衬板 44与底部衬板 41为分体式结构是将橡胶垫的顶部衬板 44与底部 衬板 41分别在水平面分成左右分幵的两部分， 分别为左顶部衬板 45、 右顶部衬 板 46、 左底部衬板 47和右底部衬板 48 ; 左顶部衬板 45与右顶部衬板 46之间， 以 及左底部衬板 47和右底部衬板 48从中间在水平面内分离成两段， 在左顶部衬板 4 5与右顶部衬板 46之间， 以及左底部衬板 47和右底部衬板 48留有纵向间隙 X， 纵 向间隙 X的宽度大于上下衬板厚度 Y; 同吋在橡胶垫 40位于左顶部衬板 45、 右顶 部衬板 46、 左底部衬板 47和右底部衬板 48的接口处也幵有大于上下衬板厚度 Y的 凹槽 49， 使得顶部衬板 44与底部衬板 41在安装吋， 利用橡胶件本身的弹性和车 辆的重力， 使得橡胶件与侧架八字承载面与承载鞍八字承载面的制造误差自动 相适应， 从而达到精确、 稳定的定位， 给轴箱提供稳定的定位刚度。
[0039] 此外， 在左顶部衬板 45和左底部衬板 47的分离处分别设有上挡块 43a与下挡块 4 3b , 上挡块 43a与下挡块 43b上各有一个预留的螺栓孔， 用于必要吋安装接地导柱 。 同吋在右顶部衬板 46和右底部衬板 48分离处也分别设有上挡块 42a与下挡块 42b ， 用于左底部衬板 47和右底部衬板 48的安装定位。 本发明的实施方式
[0040] 实施例二
[0041] 实施例二的结构与实施例一基本原理是一样的， 只是分离的方式有所不同， 如 附图 4-5所示。 一种铁路货车转向架轴箱弹性定位装置， 所述的弹性定位装置包 括顶部衬板 404、 底部衬板 401和橡胶垫 400， 顶部衬板 404、 底部衬板 401和橡胶 垫均 400为八字形载面； 橡胶垫 400与顶部衬板 404和底部衬板 401整体硫化在一 起， 形成一个上下两面为金属体， 中间为弹性体的轴箱弹性定位装置； 其特点 在于， 所述的顶部衬板 404与底部衬板 401为分体式结构， 形成一种衬板分离式 八字形橡胶垫。
[0042] 所述的顶部衬板 404与底部衬板 401为分体式结构是将橡胶垫的顶部衬板 404与 底部衬板 401分别在水平面与倾斜面的联接处分离成三段， 在每个分离处应留有 间隙 XI； 其中， 顶部衬板 404分成顶部水平衬板 403、 顶部左斜衬板 405和顶部右 斜衬板 406; 底部衬板 401分成底部水平衬板 402、 底部左斜衬板 407和底部右斜 衬板 408; 在每一段衬板与衬板之间留有间隙 XI； 间隙 XI的宽度大于上下衬板厚 度 Y1 ; 同吋在橡胶垫 400位于各段衬板之间间隙 XI处也幵有凹槽 409， 凹槽 409大 于上下衬板厚度 Y1 ; 使得顶部衬板 404与底部衬板 401在安装吋， 利用橡胶件本 身的弹性和车辆的重力， 使得橡胶件与侧架八字承载面与承载鞍八字承载面的 制造误差自动相适应， 从而达到精确、 稳定的定位， 给轴箱提供稳定的定位刚 度。
[0043] 此外， 在顶部水平衬板和底部水平衬板上分别设有上挡块 411与下挡块 412， 上 挡块 411与下挡块 412上各有一个预留的螺栓孔， 用于必要吋安装接地导柱。
[0044] 实施例三
[0045] 实施例三的结构与实施例一基本原理是一样的， 只是分离的方式有所不同； 一 种铁路货车转向架轴箱弹性定位装置， 所述的弹性定位装置包括顶部衬板、 底 部衬板和橡胶垫， 顶部衬板、 底部衬板和橡胶垫均为八字形载面； 橡胶垫与顶 部衬板和底部衬板整体硫化在一起， 形成一个上下两面为金属体， 中间为弹性 体的轴箱弹性定位装置； 其特点在于， 所述的顶部衬板与底部衬板为分体式结 构， 形成一种衬板分离式八字形橡胶垫， 所述的衬板分离只是顶部衬板或底部 衬板其中之一分离， 形成顶部衬板或底部衬板之一成为两段式分离结构。
[0046] 实施例四
[0047] 实施例四的结构与实施例二基本原理是一样的， 只是分离的方式有所不同， 一 种铁路货车转向架轴箱弹性定位装置， 所述的弹性定位装置包括顶部衬板、 底 部衬板和橡胶垫， 顶部衬板、 底部衬板和橡胶垫均为八字形载面； 橡胶垫与顶 部衬板和底部衬板整体硫化在一起， 形成一个上下两面为金属体， 中间为弹性 体的轴箱弹性定位装置； 其特点在于， 所述的顶部衬板与底部衬板为分体式结 构， 形成一种衬板分离式八字形橡胶垫， 所述的衬板分离只是顶部衬板或底部 衬板其中之一分离， 形成顶部衬板或底部衬板之一成为三段式分离结构。
[0048] 上述所列实施例， 只是结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、 完整的描述； 显然， 所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例， 而不是全部的实施例。 基于本发明中的实施例， 本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所 获得的所有其它实施例， 都属于本发明保护的范围。
[0049] 通过上述实施例可以看出， 本发明还涉及一种铁路货车转向架轴箱弹性定位方 法， 采用衬板分离式八字形橡胶垫， 与承载鞍顶部承载面及侧架导框底部承载 面的八字面形成可靠的接触与定位。
[0050] 进一步地， 所述的采用衬板分离式八字形橡胶垫是将橡胶垫的顶部衬板与底部 衬板做成分体式结构， 使得顶部衬板与底部衬板在安装吋， 利用橡胶件本身的 弹性和车辆的重力， 使得橡胶件与侧架八字承载面与承载鞍八字承载面的制造 误差自动相适应， 从而达到精确、 稳定的定位， 给轴箱提供稳定的定位刚度。
[0051] 进一步地， 所述的将橡胶垫的顶部衬板与底部衬板做成分体式结构是将橡胶垫 的顶部衬板与底部衬板在水平面内分离成两段， 或在水平面与倾斜面的联接处 分离成三段， 在每个分离处应留有纵向间隙。
[0052] 进一步地， 所述的将橡胶垫的顶部衬板与底部衬板做成分体式结构是将橡胶垫 的顶部衬板或底部衬板在水平面内分离成两段， 或在水平面与倾斜面的联接处 分离成三段， 在每个分离处应留有纵向间隙。
[0053] 进一步地， 所述的橡胶垫的上挡块与下挡块上， 各有一个预留的螺栓孔， 用于 必要吋安装接地导柱。
工业实用性
[0054] 本发明主要适用于快速、 重载铁路货车， 以防止两侧架之间产生在水平面内的 相对运动， 其的优点在于：
[0055] 本发明采用衬板分离式八字形橡胶垫， 主要有以下特点：
[0056] 1、 衬板分离使得衬板在安装吋， 能够利用橡胶件本身的弹性和车辆的重力和 衬板分离之间的间隙， 使得橡胶件与侧架八字承载面与承载鞍八字承载面的制 造误差自动相适应， 从而达到精确、 稳定的定位， 给轴箱提供稳定的定位刚度
[0057] 2、 橡胶垫能与承载鞍顶部承载面及侧架导框底部承载面的八字面形成可靠的 接触与定位。
[0058] 3、 由于在两块上衬板及两块下衬板之间均预留有纵向间隙， 在安装通过次间 隙的变化， 使得橡胶垫与承载鞍与侧架利用橡胶的弹性自动贴靠。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 一种铁路货车转向架轴箱弹性定位方法， 其特征在于： 采用衬板分离 式八字形橡胶垫， 与承载鞍顶部承载面及侧架导框底部承载面的八字 面形成可靠的接触与定位。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的铁路货车转向架轴箱弹性定位方法， 其特征在 于： 所述的采用衬板分离式八字形橡胶垫是将橡胶垫的顶部衬板与底 部衬板做成分体式结构， 使得顶部衬板与底部衬板在安装吋， 利用橡 胶件本身的弹性和车辆的重力， 使得橡胶件与侧架八字承载面与承载 鞍八字承载面的制造误差自动相适应， 从而达到精确、 稳定的定位， 给轴箱提供稳定的定位刚度。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的铁路货车转向架轴箱弹性定位方法， 其特征在 于： 所述的将橡胶垫的顶部衬板与底部衬板做成分体式结构是将橡胶 垫的顶部衬板和底部衬板在水平面内分离成两段， 或在水平面与倾斜 面的联接处分离成三段， 在每个分离处应留有纵向间隙。
4、 如权利要求 2所述的铁路货车转向架轴箱弹性定位方法， 其特征在 于： 所述的将橡胶垫的顶部衬板与底部衬板做成分体式结构是将橡胶 垫的顶部衬板或底部衬板在水平面内分离成两段， 或在水平面与倾斜 面的联接处分离成三段， 在每个分离处应留有纵向间隙。
5、 如权利要求 3或 4所述的铁路货车转向架轴箱弹性定位方法， 其特 征在于： 所述的橡胶垫的上挡块与下挡块上， 各有一个预留的螺栓孔 ， 用于必要吋安装接地导柱。
6、 一种实现权利要求 1所述铁路货车转向架轴箱弹性定位方法的铁路 货车转向架轴箱弹性定位装置， 包括顶部衬板、 底部衬板和橡胶垫， 顶部衬板、 底部衬板和橡胶垫均为八字形载面； 橡胶垫与顶部衬板和 底部衬板整体硫化在一起， 形成一个上下两面为金属体， 中间为弹性 体的轴箱弹性定位装置， 其特征在于： 所述的顶部衬板与底部衬板为 分体式结构， 形成一种衬板分离式八字形橡胶垫。
7、 如权利要求 6所述的铁路货车转向架轴箱弹性定位装置， 其特征在 于： 所述的顶部衬板与底部衬板为分体式结构是将橡胶垫的顶部衬板 与底部衬板做成分体式结构， 使得顶部衬板与底部衬板在安装吋， 利 用橡胶件本身的弹性和车辆的重力， 使得橡胶件与侧架八字承载面与 承载鞍八字承载面的制造误差自动相适应， 从而达到精确、 稳定的定 位， 给轴箱提供稳定的定位刚度。
8、 如权利要求 7所述的铁路货车转向架轴箱弹性定位装置， 其特征在 于： 所述的顶部衬板与底部衬板为分体式结构是将橡胶垫的顶部衬板 和底部衬板在水平面内分离成两段， 或在水平面与倾斜面的联接处分 离成三段， 在每个分离处应留有纵向间隙。
9、 如权利要求 7所述的铁路货车转向架轴箱弹性定位装置， 其特征在 于： 所述的将橡胶垫的顶部衬板与底部衬板做成分体式结构是将橡胶 垫的顶部衬板或底部衬板在水平面内分离成两段， 或在水平面与倾斜 面的联接处分离成三段， 在每个分离处应留有纵向间隙。
10、 如权利要求 8或 9所述的铁路货车转向架轴箱弹性定位装置， 其特 征在于： 所述的橡胶垫的上挡块与下挡块上， 各有一个预留的螺栓孔 ， 用于必要吋安装接地导柱。
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