WO2016184237A1 - 一种汽车控制臂用6x82基复合材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种汽车控制臂用6x82基复合材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- the invention relates to an aluminum-based composite material, in particular to a preparation method of a high-performance aluminum-based composite material for an automobile control arm.
- the object of the present invention is to add nano-Aln whiskers, nano-ZrB 2 particles and sub-micron TiB 2 particles to the purified alloy melt based on the optimization of the alloy composition and the heat treatment process.
- Multi-scale multi-scale nano-compositing fortifiers of nano-Al 2 O 3 particles and micro-Al 3 Ti particles through the mechanism of nanofiber bearing strengthening, nano-particle Orowan strengthening, nano-reinforcing toughening and fine grain strengthening and toughening, the largest Limiting the plastic toughness of the alloy matrix while increasing its strength and modulus.
- the invention firstly combines "spiral magnetic field restraint control technology” and "high energy ultrasonic dispersion technology” to efficiently prepare multi-component multi-scale nano-compositing fortifier in situ; and then adds the composite strengthening agent to the 6X82 alloy melt which has been optimized and purified by composition. In the middle, low-frequency magnetic field stirring is used to promote the fusion and dispersion of the composite strengthening agent. Finally, the composite casting rod is obtained by optimizing the improved air-molding system for subsequent heat treatment, deformation and control arm member forming.
- the nano composite reinforcing agent of the invention and the nano composite strengthening and toughening technology thereof can effectively solve the current alloy composition optimization
- the method does not significantly improve the strength of the material, and can not improve the modulus of the alloy and the disadvantage of sacrificing plastic toughness; and effectively avoids the in-situ synthesis of the reinforcement directly in the alloy bath, the infiltration of the reactants is difficult, the by-product contamination of the alloy, and the equipment transformation cost is high.
- 6X82-based composite materials for automotive control arms can be produced on a small-scale, low-cost, non-polluting, high-efficiency scale.
- the preparation method of the invention comprises the following steps:
- step 2 Preparation of 6X82-based composite material for automobile control arm: the composite strengthening agent prepared in step 1 is added to the alloy molten pool after degassing and slag removal in the 6X82 alloy semi-continuous casting production line for automobile control arm, and The mixture is uniformly mixed and then the composite bar is produced by optimizing the improved die casting system.
- the 6X82 alloy is a special alloy optimized by our company according to the performance requirements of the automotive control arm supplier customers.
- the Si content and the Mg content were adjusted from 1.05 to 1.12% and 0.82 to 0.95% of 6082 to 0.9 to 1.05% and 0.9 to 1.05%, respectively, and the Mg content was decreased while reducing the free silicon content (from 0.58% to 0.4%).
- 2 Si content (from 1.4% to 1.5%), to improve the ductility and forgeability of the alloy on the basis of ensuring the strength; while controlling the composition of Cu between 0.5 and 0.6, improve the alloy Strength;
- Zr is controlled as 0.03% in the additive element
- Cr is controlled as an additive element in the range of 0.1 to 0.15%.
- the 6082 alloy is further improved in terms of strong plasticity and malleability; the specific composition of the 6X82 alloy is calculated by weight percentage: Si: 0.9 to 1.05, Mg: 0.9 to 1.05, Cu: 0.5 to 0.6, Fe : 0.2, Cr: 0.1 to 0.15, Zr: 0.03, and other impurity elements including Pb, Sn, and Na are individually less than 0.05, total not more than 0.15, and the balance is Al.
- the "spiral magnetic field-ultrasonic field combined composite device” comprises a crucible located in the thermal insulation layer, and a furnace cover is arranged on the crucible, characterized in that: an ultrasonic system composed of a double ultrasonic horn and a spiral stirring magnet The double ultrasonic horn extends into the crucible through the furnace cover and is symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the crucible; the spiral stirring magnet is installed on the surface of the thermal insulation layer, and the specific structure is shown in Fig.
- the process parameters are: spiral stirring
- the rotating magnetic field (circumferential) of the magnet and the traveling magnetic field (radial) can be adjusted separately, wherein the voltage is 380V, the current is 50-190A adjustable, the frequency is adjustable from 2 to 20Hz, the ultrasonic power is 500-2000W, and the wave speed is 1500m/ s, the ultrasonic frequency is 10 ⁇ 30kHz; through the adjustment of the magnetic field strength and frequency in two directions, the reactant and the aluminum melt can be effectively mixed uniformly, and the fine bubbles, molten salt droplets or powder generated by the high-energy ultrasonic crushing reactant are restrained. The floating and sinking of the body allows the aluminum melt to fully contact the reactants.
- the rotating magnetic field current 50A, frequency 10Hz
- traveling wave magnetic field current 90A, frequency 15Hz
- ultrasound power 1500W, frequency 20kHz, 30min
- composition of the reinforcement in the multi-component multi-scale nano-compositing enhancer is calculated as percentage by weight: nano AlN whiskers (1 to 2 wt.%), nano ZrB 2 particles (1 to 5 wt.%), nano Al 2 O 3 particles (0 to 10 wt.%) and submicron TiB 2 particles (1 to 5 wt.%), the balance being 6X82 alloy.
- the amount of the composite strengthening agent added in the step (2) is 0.5 to 5 wt.% of the 6X82 alloy.
- the gas reactant prepared by the preparation is N 2 or NH 3 , the purity is not less than 99.8 vol.%, and the flow rate is 1.5-3.5 L/min; the solid reactant is composed of K 2 ZrF 6 and ZrO 2 One of K 2 TiF 6 and TiO 2 is one of KBF 4 and B 2 O 3 , wherein the ratio of the solid reactants is based on the stoichiometric ratio of the reinforcement.
- the optimized and improved gas mold casting system is as shown in Fig. 2, because after the composite strengthening agent is melted in the 6X82 alloy melt, the nano-reinforced body tends to agglomerate under the driving force of reduced free energy, which will eventually The agglomeration of the nano-reinforcing body in the composite material is not conducive to the strengthening effect; the present invention employs a rectangular diversion sleeve provided with an electromagnetic stirring magnet around the melt inflow end of the air-mold casting system, and is added in the center of the diversion sleeve.
- High-energy ultrasonic device with power of 500W and frequency of 20kHz; high-energy ultrasonic can redistribute the agglomerated nano-reinforcement in the melt, and the high-intensity rotating magnetic field around the diversion sleeve, voltage 380V, current 25A, frequency 20Hz;
- the melt in the sleeve rotates at a high speed and collides with the rectangular inner wall of the flow guiding sleeve to promote the dispersion and transmission of the nanoparticles.
- the melt uniformly distributed in the nano-reinforced body of the flow guiding sleeve enters the crystallizer, it rapidly solidifies; thereby ensuring not only the composite material It has fine crystal grains, uniform distribution of nano-reinforcing bodies, and the composite melt solidifies in the process of spiral reduction under the action of magnetic field and gravity field, and can effectively reduce the cast rod Surface segregation.
- the multi-scale multi-scale nano-composite strengthening technology and the preparation method thereof for the composite material proposed by the invention utilize nanometer increase
- the nanoscale effect of the strong body significantly increases the strength and modulus of the material while maintaining the plastic toughness of the material.
- the invention separates the preparation of the composite strengthening agent from the production of the composite material, and can effectively exert the convenience of the composite strengthening agent production device on the basis of minimally modifying the original production line.
- Controllable and continuous continuous high-efficiency advantages of alloy continuous casting production line solve the problem of difficulty in infiltration of reinforcement reactant and aluminum melt in the direct reaction process, and low reaction efficiency, and avoid directly adding the reinforcement reactant directly to the alloy continuous casting production line.
- the reaction by-products produced by the pool contaminate the melt and reduce the efficiency of the continuous casting line; thus, the invention can produce 6X82-based nano composite materials for automobile control arms in green, high efficiency, low cost and macro-quantity, and is energy-saving, environmentally friendly and lightweight for automobiles. And the improvement of mobility provides technical support.
- 1 is a schematic structural view of a spiral magnetic field-ultrasound field combined composite device according to the present invention; 1. a furnace cover lifting device, 2. an ultrasonic device, 3. a vent pipe, 4. a feed port, 5, a furnace cover, 6, a crucible, 7 Ultrasonic horn, 8 induction heating coil, 9, spiral stirring magnet, 10, thermal insulation layer, 11, support frame, 12, discharge port.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an optimized and improved gas mold pouring system according to the present invention.
- Figure 3 is a front elevational view showing the structure of the optimized and improved gas mold pouring system of the present invention.
- Figure 5 is a structural diagram of a (ZrB 2 +AlN+TiB 2 )/6X82Al composite prepared according to the present invention.
- Embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1 are schematic diagrams of a working place of a composite material preparation process.
- the 500kg 6X82 alloy melt which has been filtered, slag-depleted and degassed by impurities is introduced into the spiral magnetic field-ultrasonic field combined composite device and the spiral magnetic field is started (rotating magnetic field: current 50A, frequency 10Hz; traveling magnetic field: current 90A, frequency 15Hz)
- the powders K 2 ZrF 6 , K 2 TiF 6 and KBF 4 were added to the 6 ⁇ 82 through the inlet port according to the amount of 3wt.% nano ZrB 2 particles, 2wt.% submicron TiB 2 particles, 3wt.% micron Al 3 Ti particles.
- TiB 2 )/6X82Al composite bar the Al 3 Ti mesophase particles dissolve in the alloy during the solidification process of the alloy, and generate a large amount of crystal nuclei and fine crystals. It disappears for subsequent homogenization heat treatment, extrusion, control arm forging and other processes; as shown in Figure 5, the (ZrB 2 + AlN + TiB 2 ) / 6X82Al composite material structure prepared by the present invention, from the figure See the prepared composite Fine grain size organizations, to enhance the uniformity distribution of body.
- the mechanical properties sampling test shows that the composite control arm after forging has a tensile strength of 440 MPa, a yield strength of 380 MPa, an elongation of 14.3%, a modulus of 75 GPa, and an increase of 29.4%, 22.5%, and 19.1, respectively, relative to the 6X82 alloy matrix. % and 11.4%.
- the (ZrB 2 +AlN+Al 2 O 3 +TiB 2 )/6X82Al composite was produced with NH 3 gas, ZrO 2 , TiO 2 and B 2 O 3 as the reactants, and the nano ZrB 2 particles in the final composite were 0.08wt. %, nano-Al 2 O 3 particles 0.248 wt.%, nano-AlN whiskers 0.05-0.1 wt.% and sub-micron TiB 2 particles 0.04 wt.%, and the balance is 6X82 alloy.
- the mechanical property sampling test showed that the tensile strength of the composite control arm after forging was 442 MPa, the yield strength was 390 MPa, the elongation was 13.5%, and the modulus was 78 GPa.
- the gas reactants for preparing the reinforcement are N 2 , K 2 ZrF 6 , K 2 TiF 6 and B 2 O 3 , rotating magnetic field: current 50 A, frequency 10 Hz; traveling wave magnetic field: current 90 A, frequency 15 Hz; ultrasound: power 1500W, frequency 20kHz, industrial N 2 gas purity is not less than 99.8vol.%, flow rate is 1.5-3.5L/min;
- the solid reactant is composed of K 2 ZrF 6 , K 2 TiF 6 and B 2 O 3 , According to the amount of 4wt.% nano ZrB 2 particles, 4wt.% submicron TiB 2 particles, 5wt.% micron Al 3 Ti particles, the theoretical amount of nano-Al 2 O 3 in the composite strengthening agent melt is 6.3wt.
- the fortifier melt is introduced into the molten alloy bath to be cast into the air mold, the specific steps are the same as in the first embodiment, and the final production is obtained (ZrB 2 + AlN + Al 2 O 3 +TiB 2 )/6X82Al composite.
- the mechanical properties sampling test showed that the tensile strength of the composite control arm after forging was 455 MPa, the yield strength was 394 MPa, the elongation was 12.8%, and the modulus was 79 GPa.
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Abstract
一种汽车控制臂用铝基复合材料的制备方法,首先将增强体反应物加入6X82铝合金熔体中,在螺旋磁场和高能超声场的共同作用下制备得到纳米复合强化剂,然后根据性能成分设计将适量的纳米复合强化剂直接加入至净化处理后的6X82合金熔体中并均匀化,最后通过优化改进的气模铸造系统规模化制备6X82基复合材料棒材。
Description
本发明涉及铝基复合材料,特指一种汽车控制臂用高性能铝基复合材料的制备方法。
随着对汽车节能环保、轻量化和高机动性的要求,汽车控制臂等部分铁制、钢制构件逐渐被铝合金所替代;出于对强塑性和安全性的考虑,目前国际上大多采用6082铝合金(Al-Mg-Si-Cu系)的锻造件作为轻型汽车控制臂,虽然这些材料经过气模铸造、两次挤压和锻造后抗拉强度Rm可达340MPa,屈服强度Rp0.2可达310MPa,延伸率A可达12%,刚度可达5.0KN/mm,但在长期的使用过程中仍然会出现小幅度变形(强度、刚度不足),以及疲劳断裂(强韧性不足),给汽车的轻量化和安全性带来威胁。
对现有的技术文献和综述文献调研表明,目前主要通过对合金的成分进行优化调控并结合苛刻的热处理工艺来进一步提高铝制控制臂的综合性能(如:专利CN103173664);然而,上述苛刻的工艺技术依然存在着以下的缺点和不足(1)强塑性提升不显著(一般低于10%),主要依靠传统的合金强化和析出强韧化,难以摆脱强塑性倒置关系,通常以牺牲塑性的方法提高强度;(2)合金化不能有效提高材料的模量,从而不能从根本上提高材料的刚度,轻量化效益不明显。
发明内容
本发明的目的就在于针对现有技术的不足,在优化合金组分及热处理工艺的基础上,在净化的合金熔体中加入富含纳米AlN晶须、纳米ZrB2颗粒、亚微米TiB2颗粒、纳米Al2O3颗粒、微米Al3Ti颗粒的多元多尺度纳米复合强化剂,通过纳米纤维承载强化、纳米粒子Orowan强化、纳米增强体增韧以及细晶强韧化等机制的作用,最大限度地保持合金基体塑韧性的同时提高其强度和模量。
本发明首先将“螺旋磁场约束控制技术”和“高能超声分散技术”相结合原位高效制备多元多尺度纳米复合强化剂;然后将复合强化剂加入至经过成分优化和净化处理的6X82合金熔体中,并采用低频磁场搅拌的方法促进复合强化剂的融合与分散;最后通过优化改进的气模铸造系统获得复合材料铸棒,以备后续的热处理、变形以及控制臂构件成形。
本发明的纳米复合强化剂及其纳米复合强韧化技术,有效解决目前合金成分优化
手段对材料强度提升不显著,不能提高合金的模量以及牺牲塑韧性的缺点;并有效避免直接在合金熔池中原位合成增强体时,反应物浸润困难、副产物污染合金、设备改造成本高、降低生产效率的缺点,可以在最小改造设备的基础上、低成本、无污染、高效率的规模化生产汽车控制臂用6X82基复合材料。
本发明的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)多元多尺度纳米复合强化剂的制备:将6X82合金加入螺旋磁场-超声场组合复合装置的坩埚中,如附图1,并升温至所需反应温度,然后将反应物通入或加入熔体中,并启动螺旋磁场和超声场发生系统,使反应物与铝熔体充分混合接触,待反应结束后从出料口获得多元多尺度纳米复合强化剂。
(2)汽车控制臂用6X82基复合材料的制备:将步骤1中制备的复合强化剂加入至汽车控制臂用6X82合金半连铸生产线中经过除气、除渣后的合金熔池中,并均匀混合,然后通过优化改进的气模浇铸系统生产复合材料棒材。
所述的6X82合金,为我公司根据汽车控制臂供应商客户对性能的要求,经过成分优化的专用合金。首先将Si含量和Mg含量分别由6082的1.05~1.12%和0.82~0.95%调整至0.9~1.05%和0.9~1.05%,在减少游离硅含量(由0.58%降至0.4%)的同时提高Mg2Si的含量(由1.4%提高到1.5%),以在保证强度不变的基础上,提高合金的延展性和可锻性;同时将Cu的成分控制在0.5~0.6之间,提高合金的强度;其次将Zr作为添加元素控制在0.03%、并把Cr作为添加元素控制在0.1~0.15%范围内,通过这三个元素的复合作用,形成细小弥散的化合物,提高再结晶温度;最终与6082合金相比,在强塑性和可锻性方面获得进一步提高;所述的6X82合金的具体成分按照重量百分比计算为:Si:0.9~1.05,Mg:0.9~1.05,Cu:0.5~0.6,Fe:0.2,Cr:0.1~0.15,Zr:0.03,包括Pb,Sn和Na在内的其他杂质元素单个小于0.05、合计不大于0.15,余量为Al。
所述的“螺旋磁场-超声场组合复合装置”,包括位于隔热保温层内的坩埚,坩埚上设有炉盖,其特征在于:设有双超声变幅杆组成的超声系统和螺旋搅拌磁体,双超声变幅杆穿过炉盖伸入坩埚中,沿坩埚中心轴线对称布置;螺旋搅拌磁体安装在隔热保温层表面,具体结构见附图1所示,其工艺参数特点为:螺旋搅拌磁体的旋转磁场(周向)和行波磁场(径向)可单独调节,其中电压为380V,电流50~190A可调,频率2~20Hz可调;超声功率为500~2000W,波速为1500m/s,超声频率为10~30kHz;通过两个方向磁场强度与频率的调节,可有效实现反应物与铝熔体均匀混合,并约束高能超声破碎反应物产生的细小气泡、熔盐液滴或粉体的上浮和下沉,使铝熔体与反应物充分接触,达
到加速反应进行和均匀化增强体产物的目的;在最佳参数工艺的情况下,旋转磁场:电流50A,频率10Hz;行波磁场:电流90A,频率15Hz;超声:功率1500W,频率20kHz,30min即可使整个反应进行完毕(无剩余反应物),且增强体分布均匀。
所述的多元多尺度纳米复合强化剂中的增强体的成份按照重量百分比计算为:纳米AlN晶须(1~2wt.%),纳米ZrB2颗粒(1~5wt.%),纳米Al2O3颗粒(0~10wt.%)和亚微米TiB2颗粒(1~5wt.%),其余为6X82合金。
步骤(2)中复合强化剂的加入量为6X82合金的0.5~5wt.%。
制备增强体所述的气体反应物为N2或NH3,纯度不低于99.8vol.%,流量为1.5~3.5L/min;所述的固体反应物由K2ZrF6和ZrO2中的一种、K2TiF6和TiO2中的一种与KBF4和B2O3中的一种组成,其中固体反应物的配比则根据所述的增强体的化学计量比进配比。
所述的优化改进的气模浇铸系统如附图2所示,由于在复合强化剂熔于6X82合金熔体后,其中的纳米增强体在自由能降低的驱动力下趋于团聚,会使最终复合材料中的纳米增强体团聚不利于其强化作用的发挥;本发明采用在气模浇铸系统的熔体流入端加装四周设置有电磁搅拌磁体的矩形导流套,并在导流套中央加装高能超声器,功率500W,频率20kHz;高能超声可使熔体中团聚的纳米增强体重新分散,而导流套周围的高强度旋转磁场,电压380V,电流25A,频率20Hz;则使导流套内的熔体高速旋转并与导流套的矩形内壁碰撞促进纳米颗粒的分散和传输,当导流套内纳米增强体均匀分布的熔体进入结晶器时,迅速凝固;从而不仅保证复合材料具有细小的晶粒,纳米增强体的均匀分布,而且复合熔体在磁场和重力场作用下螺旋下降的过程中凝固,还可有效降低铸棒的表层偏析。
现有技术仅通过优化合金成分以及制定严格的热处理制度的方法,对合金的强度提升不明显,仅提升10%左右,而且从技术文献中的工艺优选过程可以看出,强度的提升是以牺牲合金的塑韧性为代价的,最致命的是通过合金化不能从本质上提高材料的模量,从而对合金刚度的提升有限;与此同时目前的合金成分及工艺,是国内外经过多年的精心优化,从工程的角度可以认为通过合金化来提升汽车控制臂用6082合金的性能已经达到了优化升级的极限,然而疲劳断裂和长时间服役变形依然时有发生;因此通过新的技术手段在保持合金塑韧性的基础上提高其强度、模量、和疲劳性能是提高其寿命和可靠性,并大规模推广铝制汽车控制臂的重要途径。
本发明提出的多元多尺度纳米复合强化技术及其复合材料制备方法,利用纳米增
强体的纳米尺度效应,在保持材料塑韧性的同时,显著提高材料的强度和模量。与传统的直接原位合成铝基复合材料相比,本发明将复合强化剂的制备和复合材料的生产分开,在最小限度改造原有生产线的基础上,可有效发挥复合强化剂生产装置的方便可控与合金连铸生产线的连续高效双重优势;解决直接反应工艺存在增强体反应物与铝熔体浸润困难、反应效率低的问题,同时避免直接将增强体反应物直接加入合金连铸生产线熔池产生的反应副产物污染熔体、降低连铸生产线效率的缺点;从而本发明可以绿色、高效、低成本、宏量化生产汽车控制臂用6X82基纳米复合材料,为汽车的节能环保、轻量化和机动性的提升提供技术保障。
图1为本发明的螺旋磁场-超声场组合复合装置结构示意图;1、炉盖升降装置,2、超声器,3、通气管,4.入料口,5、炉盖,6、坩埚,7、超声变幅杆,8感应加热线圈,9、螺旋搅拌磁体,10、隔热保温层,11、支撑架,12、出料口。
图2为本发明的优化改进的气模浇注系统结构示意图;13、高能超声头,14、矩形导流套,15、搅拌磁场,16.结晶器。
图3为本发明的优化改进的气模浇注系统结构主视图。
图4为本发明制备的(ZrB2+AlN+TiB2)/6X82Al强化剂组织结构图。
图5为本发明制备的(ZrB2+AlN+TiB2)/6X82Al复合材料组织图。
以下结合附图对本发明实施方案进一步描述:以下实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例,如图1所示复合材料制备工艺设备工位示意图。
实施例1
以N2气、K2ZrF6,K2TiF6和KBF4为反应物生产(ZrB2+AlN+TiB2)/6X82Al复合材料,其中最终复合材料中纳米ZrB2颗粒(0.15wt.%),纳米AlN晶须(0.05~0.1wt.%)和亚微米TiB2颗粒(0.1wt.%),其余为6X82合金。
将经过杂质过滤、除渣、除气的500kg的6X82合金熔体,导入螺旋磁场-超声场组合复合装置并启动螺旋磁场(旋转磁场:电流50A,频率10Hz;行波磁场:电流90A,频率15Hz;超声:功率1500W,频率20kHz,然后将工业氮气,N2≥99.8vol.%,流量为2L/min,通过底端设置有出气孔的高纯石墨通气管通入熔体内部,同时把反应物粉剂K2ZrF6,K2TiF6和KBF4按照生成3wt.%纳米ZrB2颗粒,2wt.%亚微米TiB2颗粒,3wt.%
微米Al3Ti颗粒的量,通过入料口加入6X82合金熔体中;在磁场与超声的高强度搅拌、分散作用下,从石墨通气管底端进入熔体的大量N2气泡被高能超声破碎成细小气泡,在螺旋磁场的约束搅动下,伴随熔体的复杂紊流被分散于熔体内部,并在高能的超声“空化”作用产生的高温高压下与铝熔体发生反应;而加入的反应物粉剂则熔化,迅速地被卷入熔体,并破碎成小液滴与铝熔体混合反应,反应30min后停止磁场搅拌,继续通入N2气、开启超声10min,以净化复合强化剂熔体;如图4所示复合强化剂组织结构图,其中针状微米颗粒的为Al3Ti颗粒,大量弥散的纳米颗粒为ZrB2相,亚微米的颗粒为TiB2,絮状的为复合强化剂凝固过程中团聚的纳米AlN;按6X82合金总量的5wt.%,将强化剂加入待气模浇铸的纯净化合金熔池中,并通过磁场搅拌使熔体均匀混合,最后通过气本发明优化设计的气模连铸系统浇铸成(ZrB2+AlN+TiB2)/6X82Al复合材料棒材;其中Al3Ti中间相颗粒,在合金凝固过程中与铝发生包晶反应溶于合金的同时,并产生大量的大量晶核、起到细晶作用,最终是消失的,以备后续的均匀化热处理、挤压、控制臂锻造等工序;如图5所示本发明制备的(ZrB2+AlN+TiB2)/6X82Al复合材料组织图,从图中可以看出所制备的复合材料组织晶粒细小,增强体分布均匀。
力学性能取样测试表明,锻造后的该复合材料控制臂抗拉强度为440MPa,屈服强度为380MPa,延伸率为14.3%,模量为75GPa,相对6X82合金基体分别提升了29.4%,22.5%,19.1%和11.4%。
实施例2
以NH3气、ZrO2、TiO2和B2O3为反应物生产(ZrB2+AlN+Al2O3+TiB2)/6X82Al复合材料,其中最终复合材料中纳米ZrB2颗粒0.08wt.%,纳米Al2O3颗粒0.248wt.%,纳米AlN晶须0.05~0.1wt.%和亚微米TiB2颗粒0.04wt.%,其余为6X82合金。
增强体反应物选择NH3,ZrO2、TiO2和B2O3,旋转磁场:电流50A,频率10Hz;行波磁场:电流90A,频率15Hz;超声:功率1500W,频率20kHz;工业氨气,NH3≥99.8vol.%,流量为3L/min,反应物粉剂ZrO2、TiO2和B2O3按照生成2wt.%纳米ZrB2颗粒,1wt.%亚微米TiB2颗粒,2wt.%微米Al3Ti颗粒的量加入,则复合强化剂熔体中生成纳米Al2O3的理论量为6.2wt.%,按6X82合金总量的4wt.%,将强化剂加入待气模浇铸的纯净化合金熔池中,具体步骤与实施例1相同,最终生产获得(ZrB2+AlN+Al2O3+TiB2)/6X82Al复合材料。
力学性能取样测试表明,锻造后的该复合材料控制臂抗拉强度为442MPa,屈服强度为390MPa,延伸率为13.5%,模量为78GPa。
实施例3
以N2气、K2ZrF、K2TiF6和B2O3为反应物生产(ZrB2+AlN+Al2O3+TiB2)/6X82Al复合材料,其中最终复合材料中纳米ZrB2颗粒0.12wt.%,纳米Al2O3颗粒0.183wt.%,纳米AlN晶须0.05~0.1wt.%和亚微米TiB2颗粒0.12wt.%,其余为6X82合金。
制备增强体所述的气体反应物为N2,K2ZrF6、K2TiF6和B2O3,旋转磁场:电流50A,频率10Hz;行波磁场:电流90A,频率15Hz;超声:功率1500W,频率20kHz,工业N2气纯度不低于99.8vol.%,流量为1.5~3.5L/min;所述的固体反应物由K2ZrF6、K2TiF6和B2O3组成,按照生成4wt.%纳米ZrB2颗粒,4wt.%亚微米TiB2颗粒,5wt.%微米Al3Ti颗粒的量加入,则复合强化剂熔体中生成纳米Al2O3的理论量为6.3wt.%,按6X82合金总量的3wt.%,将强化剂熔体导入待气模浇铸的纯净化合金熔池中,具体步骤与实施例1相同,最终生产获得(ZrB2+AlN+Al2O3+TiB2)/6X82Al复合材料。
力学性能取样测试表明,锻造后的该复合材料控制臂抗拉强度为455MPa,屈服强度为394MPa,延伸率为12.8%,模量为79GPa。
Claims (8)
- 一种汽车控制臂用6X82基复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于具体步骤如下:将6X82合金加入螺旋磁场-超声场组合复合装置的坩埚中,并升温至所需反应温度,然后将反应物通入或加入熔体中,并启动螺旋磁场和超声场发生系统,使反应物与铝熔体充分混合接触,待反应结束后从出料口获得多元多尺度纳米复合强化剂;将复合强化剂加入至汽车控制臂用6X82合金半连铸生产线中经过除气、除渣后的合金熔池中,并均匀混合,然后通过气模浇铸系统生产复合材料棒材。
- 如权利要求1所述的一种汽车控制臂用6X82基复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的6X82合金的具体成分按照重量百分比计算为:Si:0.9~1.05,Mg:0.9~1.05,Cu:0.5~0.6,Fe:0.2,Cr:0.1~0.15,Zr:0.03,包括Pb,Sn和Na在内的其他杂质元素单个小于0.05、合计不大于0.15,余量为Al。
- 如权利要求1所述的一种汽车控制臂用6X82基复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的螺旋磁场-超声场组合复合装置,包括位于隔热保温层内的坩埚,坩埚上设有炉盖,设有双超声变幅杆组成的超声系统和螺旋搅拌磁体,双超声变幅杆穿过炉盖伸入坩埚中,沿坩埚中心轴线对称布置;螺旋搅拌磁体安装在隔热保温层表面,螺旋搅拌磁体的周向旋转磁场和径向行波磁场能够单独调节,其中电压为380V,电流50~190A可调,频率2~20Hz可调;超声功率为500~2000W,波速为1500m/s,超声频率为10~30kHz;通过两个方向磁场强度与频率的调节,有效实现反应物与铝熔体均匀混合,并约束高能超声破碎反应物产生的细小气泡、熔盐液滴或粉体的上浮和下沉,使铝熔体与反应物充分接触,达到加速反应进行和均匀化增强体产物的目的。
- 如权利要求1所述的一种汽车控制臂用6X82基复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:周向旋转磁场:电流50A,频率10Hz;径向行波磁场:电流90A,频率15Hz;超声:功率1500W,频率20kHz;30min整个反应进行完毕,无剩余反应物,且增强体分布均匀。
- 如权利要求1所述的一种汽车控制臂用6X82基复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的多元多尺度纳米复合强化剂中的增强体的成份按照重量百分比计算为:纳米AlN晶须1~2wt%,纳米ZrB2颗粒1~5wt%,纳米Al2O3颗粒0~10wt%和亚微米TiB2颗粒1~5wt%,其余为6X82合金。
- 如权利要求1所述的一种汽车控制臂用6X82基复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的多元多尺度纳米复合强化剂的加入量为6X82合金的0.5~5wt.%。
- 如权利要求1所述的一种汽车控制臂用6X82基复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于: 制备增强体的反应物中的气体反应物为N2或NH3,纯度不低于99.8vol.%,流量为1.5~3.5L/min;反应物中的固体反应物由K2ZrF6和ZrO2中的一种、K2TiF6和TiO2中的一种与KBF4和B2O3中的一种组成,其中固体反应物的配比则根据所述的增强体的化学计量比进行配比。
- 如权利要求1所述的一种汽车控制臂用6X82基复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述气模浇铸系统的熔体流入端加装四周设置有电磁搅拌磁体的矩形导流套,并在导流套中央加装高能超声器,功率500W,频率20kHz;高能超声可使熔体中团聚的纳米增强体重新分散,而导流套周围的高强度旋转磁场,电压380V,电流25A,频率20Hz;则使导流套内的熔体高速旋转并与导流套的矩形内壁碰撞促进纳米颗粒的分散和传输,当导流套内纳米增强体均匀分布的熔体进入结晶器时,迅速凝固;从而不仅保证复合材料具有细小的晶粒,纳米增强体的均匀分布,而且复合熔体在磁场和重力场作用下螺旋下降的过程中凝固,还可有效降低铸棒的表层偏析。
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| CN114289693A (zh) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-04-08 | 北京科技大学 | 一种用于生产gh4169镍基高温合金的装置 |
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| CN114642992B (zh) * | 2022-02-28 | 2024-05-17 | 江苏大学 | 一种高体积分数颗粒增强铝基复合材料的制备装置和方法 |
| CN114990369A (zh) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-09-02 | 鼎镁新材料科技股份有限公司 | 一种再生铝制备铝合金自行车轮圈的方法 |
| CN115449657A (zh) * | 2022-09-29 | 2022-12-09 | 昆明冶金研究院有限公司 | 一种有效控制TiB2颗粒尺寸和分布范围的铝钛硼合金制备方法 |
| CN116005032A (zh) * | 2022-12-13 | 2023-04-25 | 湖南文昌新材科技股份有限公司 | 金属基复合材料的制备装置、方法及材料 |
| CN116607041A (zh) * | 2023-04-28 | 2023-08-18 | 江苏大学 | 一种原位双相纳米颗粒增强铝基复合材料的制备方法 |
| CN118166244A (zh) * | 2024-03-13 | 2024-06-11 | 广东万丰摩轮有限公司 | 一种铝基复合材料及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
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| DE112016000649T5 (de) | 2017-10-19 |
| CN104928542B (zh) | 2017-05-03 |
| DE112016000649B4 (de) | 2022-12-01 |
| DE112016000649B8 (de) | 2023-07-27 |
| CN104928542A (zh) | 2015-09-23 |
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