WO2016182053A1 - 運動時の心拍数上昇抑制方法及び心拍数上昇抑制組成物 - Google Patents
運動時の心拍数上昇抑制方法及び心拍数上昇抑制組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016182053A1 WO2016182053A1 PCT/JP2016/064257 JP2016064257W WO2016182053A1 WO 2016182053 A1 WO2016182053 A1 WO 2016182053A1 JP 2016064257 W JP2016064257 W JP 2016064257W WO 2016182053 A1 WO2016182053 A1 WO 2016182053A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/01—Hydrolysed proteins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/012—Hydrolysed proteins; Derivatives thereof from animals
- A61K38/018—Hydrolysed proteins; Derivatives thereof from animals from milk
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/17—Amino acids, peptides or proteins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for suppressing an increase in heart rate that suppresses an increase in heart rate associated with exercise during exercise such as walking, jogging, running, marathon, swimming, cycling, aerobics, tennis, soccer, skiing, and skating. . Furthermore, it is related with the heart rate rise suppression composition used for this heart rate rise suppression method.
- the difficulty associated with an increase in heart rate during exercise which is caused by not having worked on exercise for a long time, is also considered as one factor.
- the heart rate increases greatly even with a light exercise load, and thus a feeling of avoidance for exercise may be fostered.
- regular efforts to exercise intensity beyond their current circulatory function can be considered due to the obligation to digest the practice menu.
- the heart rate during exercise also has an effect, and if the increase in heart rate during exercise can be suppressed, it is expected that the exercise intensity will be relatively reduced even with the same practice menu. it can.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a fermented food material fermented with lactic acid bacteria having a heart rate lowering characteristic of a mammal, and use of the fermented food material-containing composition.
- the fermented food material of Patent Document 1 is intended to reduce the “heart rate at rest” for the purpose of treating these pathological conditions for mammals having pathological conditions such as angina pectoris, hypertension, and arteriosclerosis. Is.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a heart rate variability adjusting agent containing hesperidins, which are flavonoids contained in citrus fruits, for the purpose of improving a mental or emotional state, and a heart rate variability adjusting method using the heart rate variability adjusting agent Is disclosed.
- the invention disclosed in Patent Document 2 is also a technique related to heart rate variability adjustment at rest.
- the object of the present invention is to contribute to the improvement of exercise habits and enjoyment during exercise for general athletes and their spare groups, and further to prevent failure by reducing the physical load of athletes. It is to provide a method for suppressing heart rate increase during exercise.
- Another object of the present invention is to contribute to the improvement of exercise habits and enjoyment during exercise for general athletes and their spare groups, and further to prevent failure by reducing the physical load of athletes.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a composition for suppressing an increase in heart rate during exercise for oral administration, which is used in the above-described suppression method.
- Still another object of the present invention is to contribute to the improvement of exercise habits and enjoyment during exercise for general athletes and their spare groups, and furthermore, prevention of failure by reducing the physical load of athletes
- the present inventors administered a specific casein hydrolyzate or a component thereof to a subject (exercise person) before exercise, during exercise, or both. As a result, a method for suppressing an increase in heart rate during exercise was developed, and the present invention was completed.
- a casein hydrolyzate obtained by hydrolyzing animal milk casein and having an average chain length including free amino acids and peptides of 2.1 or less as the number of amino acid residues, or the hydrolyzate Provided is a method for suppressing an increase in heart rate during exercise, wherein the composition containing the free amino acid and peptide mixture contained is orally administered before exercise, during exercise, or both.
- the casein hydrolyzate is a degradation product obtained by enzymatic degradation of animal milk casein with an enzyme derived from Aspergillus.
- a casein hydrolyzate obtained by hydrolyzing animal milk casein having an average chain length including free amino acids and peptides of 2.1 or less as the number of amino acid residues, or the hydrolyzate There is provided a composition for suppressing heart rate increase during exercise for oral administration, comprising the free amino acid and peptide mixture contained therein as an active ingredient, and used for the above-described method for suppressing heart rate increase during exercise. Furthermore, it is preferable that the composition for suppressing an increase in heart rate contains a biodegradable peptide consisting of a dipeptide having a Xaa Pro sequence and a tripeptide having a Xaa Pro Pro sequence in a specific ratio.
- a casein hydrolyzate obtained by hydrolyzing animal milk casein and having an average chain length including free amino acids and peptides of 2.1 or less as the number of amino acid residues, or contained in the hydrolyzate
- a composition for oral administration containing a free amino acid and peptide mixture as an active ingredient for suppressing heart rate elevation during exercise.
- the method for suppressing the increase in heart rate during exercise according to the present invention can suppress an increase in heart rate during exercise by administering a specific casein hydrolyzate or a component thereof, and therefore exercises for general exercisers and their spare groups. Can contribute to the improvement of habituation and enjoyment during exercise. Furthermore, during training of athletes, it is possible to contribute to prevention of failure by reducing physical load during competition.
- the method for suppressing the increase in heart rate during exercise of the present invention is a casein hydrolyzate obtained by hydrolyzing animal milk casein, wherein the average chain length including free amino acids and peptides is 2.1 or less as the number of amino acid residues, or
- This is a method in which a composition containing a free amino acid and a peptide mixture contained in the hydrolyzate is orally administered before the start of exercise, during exercise, or both.
- the heart rate rise inhibitory composition of this invention is a composition containing the free amino acid and peptide mixture contained in the said casein hydrolyzate or this hydrolyzate.
- the casein hydrolyzate used in the present invention is obtained by hydrolyzing animal milk casein with the number of amino acid residues as the average chain length within a specific range.
- the casein hydrolyzate contains a free amino acid and peptide mixture, preferably 80% by weight or more, more preferably 80 to 90% by weight, based on the total amount of casein hydrolysate.
- the peptide contains a dipeptide having a Xaa Pro sequence and a persistent biodegradable peptide consisting of a tripeptide having a Xaa Pro Pro sequence in a specific ratio.
- the peptide may be a peptide salt.
- the average chain length refers to the ratio of the total number of moles of free amino acids and peptides produced when hydrolyzing the same weight of animal milk casein to the number of moles of total amino acids of caseinate hydrolyzate.
- Caseinate hydrolyzate is a product obtained by degrading casein protein into amino acids.
- OPA o-phthalaldehyde
- the in vivo difficult-to-decompose peptides are dipeptide Xaa Pro and tripeptide Xaa Pro Pro which have high degradation resistance to in vivo peptidases when absorbed from the intestinal tract of the living body and have Pro at the carboxy terminus. Means.
- the average chain length of the degradation product obtained by hydrolyzing animal milk casein is 2.1 or less, preferably 1.1 to 2.1, particularly preferably 1.3 to 2, as the number of amino acid residues. .1.
- the average chain length exceeds 2.1, the ratio of desired dipeptides and tripeptides, and further free amino acids is decreased, the bioabsorbability, and further the content ratio of in vivo degradable peptides is decreased, The desired effect may not be obtained.
- the content ratio of the dipeptide having the Xaa Pro sequence contained in the casein hydrolyzate is usually 5% by weight or more, preferably 5 to 25% by weight, based on the total amount of free amino acids and peptides in the decomposed product. If the content is less than 5% by weight, the desired action may be reduced.
- the content ratio of the tripeptide having the Xaa Pro Pro sequence contained in the casein hydrolyzate is usually 1% by weight or more, preferably 1 to 5% by weight based on the total amount of free amino acids and peptides in the decomposed product. is there. If the content is less than 1% by weight, the desired action may be reduced.
- Xaa of a dipeptide having a Xaa Pro sequence and a tripeptide having a Xaa Pro Pro sequence may be any amino acid.
- dipeptides having the Xaa Pro sequence include Ile Pro, Glu Pro, Arg Pro, Gln Pro, Met Pro, Tyr Pro, and tripeptides having the Xaa Pro Pro sequence include Ser Pro Pro, Val Pro Pro. , Ile Pro Pro, and Phe Pro Pro.
- the casein hydrolyzate is preferably a casein hydrolyzate containing at least one or all of the exemplified dipeptides and tripeptides.
- the casein hydrolyzate contains free amino acids in addition to peptides, and the content of free amino acids is usually 35 to 50% by weight, preferably 40 to 45% by weight, based on the total of free amino acids and peptides in the decomposed products. It is. In addition to the free amino acids and peptides, the casein hydrolyzate contains about 10 to 20% by weight of lipids, ash, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, water, etc., which are usually contained in, for example, commercially available animal milk casein. Alternatively, some or all of the appropriate components may be removed as necessary.
- casein hydrolyzate for example, using an enzyme group in which the average chain length of the casein hydrolyzate can be degraded to 2.1 or less as the number of amino acid residues, It can be obtained by a method of hydrolysis to 2.1 or lower.
- Animal milk casein is a protein that has been confirmed to be safe for use in foods containing a large amount of Pro, and examples thereof include casein such as milk, horse milk, goat milk, and sheep milk, and milk casein can be particularly preferably used. .
- the concentration of casein when hydrolyzing animal milk casein is not particularly limited, but is preferably 3 to 19% by weight in order to efficiently produce the hydrolyzate.
- the enzyme group may be an enzyme group in which the average chain length of the casein degradation product is appropriately selected and combined with an enzyme capable of degrading to 2.1 or less as the number of amino acid residues.
- the enzyme group (X) containing a peptidase that can cleave the Pro Xaa sequence at the carboxy terminus of Pro Xaa is preferred.
- the enzyme group (X) preferably contains a serine type protease having serine at the active center or a metal protease having a metal at the active center.
- metalloproteases include neutral protease I, neutral protease II, leucine aminopeptidase, and the like, and the inclusion of at least one of these efficiently converts the desired hydrolyzate in a short time, and further 1 This is preferable in that it can be obtained by a step reaction.
- the peptidase that can cleave the Pro Xaa sequence is preferably an enzyme having an isoelectric point in the acidic range.
- Examples of the enzyme group or the enzyme group (X) include an enzyme group derived from Aspergillus oryzae such as Aspergillus oryzae.
- Such an enzyme group includes an enzyme group obtained by culturing cells in an appropriate medium and extracting the produced enzyme with water, and in particular, the isoelectric point of the enzyme group derived from Aspergillus oryzae has an acidic region.
- the enzyme group which shows is preferably mentioned.
- As an enzyme group derived from Aspergillus oryzae commercially available products can be used.
- Sumiteam FP, LP or MP (registered trademark, manufactured by Shin Nippon Chemical Co., Ltd.), Ummamizyme (registered trademark, Amano Enzyme ( Co., Ltd.), Sternzyme B11024, PROHIDROXY AMPL (trade name, manufactured by Higuchi Shokai Co., Ltd.), Orientase ONS (registered trademark, manufactured by Hankyu Bioindustry Co., Ltd.), Denateam AP (registered trademark, manufactured by Nagase Biochemical Co., Ltd.)
- the use of Sumiteam FP (registered trademark, manufactured by Shin Nippon Chemical Co., Ltd.) is preferable.
- the optimum conditions are usually set, but the conditions such as the amount of enzyme used and the reaction time are set in the enzyme groups used so that the casein hydrolyzate can be obtained. It can be changed as appropriate.
- the amount of the enzyme group added when hydrolyzing the animal milk casein is, for example, an enzyme group / animal milk casein in an aqueous solution in which the animal milk casein is dissolved in a weight ratio of 1/1000 or more, preferably 1/1000 to 1 / 10, particularly preferably in an amount of 1/100 to 1/10, more preferably 1/40 to 1/10.
- the reaction conditions can be appropriately selected depending on the enzyme group so that the desired casein hydrolyzate can be obtained.
- the reaction temperature is 25 to 60 ° C., preferably 45 to 55 ° C.
- the pH can be 3 to 10, preferably 5 to 9, particularly preferably 5 to 8.
- the enzyme reaction time can be 2 to 48 hours, preferably 7 to 15 hours.
- the end of the enzyme reaction can be performed by inactivating the enzyme.
- the enzyme can be inactivated at 60 to 110 ° C. to stop the reaction. After stopping the enzyme reaction, it is preferable to remove the precipitate by centrifugation or various filter treatments as necessary. Further, by cooling to 5 ° C. to 10 ° C. after stopping the enzyme reaction, more precipitate can be generated.
- a peptide having bitterness or odor can be removed from the obtained hydrolyzate.
- the removal of such bitter components and odor components can be performed using activated carbon or a hydrophobic resin.
- it can be carried out by adding 1 to 20% by weight of activated carbon to the amount of casein used in the obtained hydrolyzate and reacting for 1 to 10 hours.
- the used activated carbon can be removed by a known method such as centrifugation or membrane treatment.
- the obtained reaction liquid containing a casein hydrolyzate can be added to a liquid product as it is to form a beverage, for example, a soft drink or a functional drink.
- the reaction solution is concentrated and then dried to form a powder, which is used as a raw material component for preparing various forms of oral administration compositions.
- Such powders may contain various auxiliary additives in order to improve nutritional balance, flavor, and the like. Examples include various carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, minerals, sweeteners, fragrances, pigments, and texture improvers.
- the active ingredient has an average chain length of 2.1 or less as the number of amino acid residues as described above.
- the amount of free amino acid and peptide in the casein hydrolyzate is preferably 80% by weight or more as described above.
- the dose of the composition for suppressing the increase in heart rate during exercise is, for example, 0.04 to 100 g (0.8 to 2000 mg) as the above active ingredient per exercise (unit exercise) in the case of a human body weight of 50 kg. / Kg body weight), preferably about 0.2 to 20 g (4 to 400 mg / kg body weight), more preferably about 0.3 to 4 g (6 to 80 mg / kg body weight).
- the dose per unit weight may be the same for dwarfs and adults.
- the timing of administration is before the start of exercise, during exercise, or at both times, and it is preferable in view of the effect that it is administered at least before the start of exercise. Alternatively, administration may be continued after the end of exercise.
- the product form of the heart rate elevation inhibiting composition of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it contains the above active ingredients, and may be in the form of a solid or powdered food or a beverage. Furthermore, forms such as functional foods, functional beverages and supplements may be used.
- the foods and beverages include liquid foods, jellies, cookies, biscuits, and chocolates, as well as various fruit juice beverages, lactic acid bacteria beverages, sports beverages, and carbonated beverages.
- other ingredients used for food-drinks for example, additives such as sugars, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, flavors, or mixtures thereof may be added. it can.
- a tablet, a pill, a hard capsule, a soft capsule, a microcapsule, a powder, a granule, a liquid agent etc. are mentioned, for example.
- Formulation can be carried out, for example, as necessary, using carriers, adjuvants, excipients, excipients, preservatives, stabilizers, binders, pH adjusters, buffers, thickeners, Using a gelling agent, preservative, lubricant, antioxidant, etc., it can be produced in a unit dosage form required for generally accepted formulation practice.
- excipients used in tableting include lactose, sucrose, D-mannitol, D-sorbitol, starch, pregelatinized starch, dextrin, crystalline cellulose, low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, Arabic Examples include rubber, pullulan, light anhydrous silicic acid, synthetic aluminum silicate, magnesium aluminate metasilicate, and the like.
- the lubricant include sugar esters such as sucrose fatty acid ester and glycerin fatty acid ester, hardened oil such as calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, stearyl alcohol, powdered vegetable oil and fat, wax such as honey beeswax. , Talc, silicic acid, silicon and the like.
- the method for suppressing heart rate increase during exercise of the present invention during exercise that is, by administering the composition for suppressing heart rate increase of the present invention used in the method for suppressing before or during exercise, or both
- the increase in heart rate during exercise can be suppressed, and the possibility of avoiding the various inconveniences described above can be expected.
- the method for suppressing the increase in heart rate and the composition for suppressing the increase in heart rate may be simply referred to as the suppression method of the present invention and the composition of the present invention.
- movement start it is preferable to administer within 3 hours before the exercise start, and it is more preferable to administer from 1 hour before immediately before, especially 45 minutes before 15 minutes before.
- administration may be continued after the end of exercise.
- the types of exercise and competition of the present invention are as described above, but the load on the body, that is, the exercise load, can be expressed by the exercise intensity described below.
- the exercise intensity in the present invention is determined by the following equation (1) in accordance with the Carbonnen method.
- Exercise intensity (%) [(Exercise heart rate-Resting heart rate) / (Maximum heart rate-Resting heart rate)] x 100 (1)
- the maximum heart rate in equation (1) varies from person to person, and its measurement is difficult and impractical, so the estimated maximum heart rate shown in equation (2) below is substituted. That is, the maximum heart rate in equation (1) refers to the estimated maximum heart rate in equation (2).
- the maximum heart rate of each individual may be accurately measured, and the exercise intensity may be obtained using the maximum heart rate.
- Estimated maximum heart rate 220-age (2)
- the above exercise intensity is 0%, indicating a resting state, 20% Less than is extremely mild, 20 to 39% is mild, 40 to 59% is moderate, 60 to 84% is strength, 85% or more is extreme strength, and 100% is maximum.
- less than 40% represents a light exercise
- 40% to less than 80% represents a slightly tighter to very tight exercise
- 80% or more represents an exercise close to the limit.
- the heart rate during exercise may vary greatly depending on the type of exercise, the average value for a certain time during the exercise is used as the heart rate during exercise in Equation (1). Similarly, for the resting heart rate, an average value for a certain period of time before resting before exercise is used.
- the degree of suppression of heart rate increase during exercise by the suppression method of the present invention and the composition of the present invention varies depending on the type of exercise and the amount of exercise, and also on the individual subject. Compared to the case where the suppression method is not performed, the heart rate during exercise can be reduced at a rate exceeding at least 0%.
- the reason why the load on the body due to exercise is evaluated by the exercise intensity is that the load varies depending on the individual. That is, even if the amount of exercise is the same, the load on the body varies greatly depending on the age, sex, presence / absence of exercise habits, general or competitive exerciser, and so on. For example, even for an athletic athlete, even if the exercise intensity is “very light”, the exercise intensity may be “intensity” or “extreme intensity” for an elderly person who does not have exercise habits.
- the exercise intensity exceeds 0%
- the exercise time is not particularly limited. For example, in the case of a short-distance run such as a 50m run, the exercise time is several seconds, and in the case of a general runner running a full marathon, the exercise time may be 5 to 8 hours.
- the exercise time is not particularly concerned, and the suppression method of the present invention is applied to an exercise intensity exceeding 0%. And the composition can be applied.
- exercise time exceeds 30 minutes, even if it is a case where the composition of this invention is administered before the exercise
- the implementation of the suppression method of the present invention and the administration of the composition of the present invention are preferably performed according to instructions or instructions from a director, a coach or a professional trainer. This is because the situation of the athlete can be judged by observing calmly.
- general athletes if they belong to various public sports clubs, general sports clubs, or gymnasiums, etc., they should be administered according to the instructions and instructions of coaches, trainers, instructors, etc. Is preferred. After all, it is because it can judge by observing the situation of a general exerciser calmly.
- composition of the present invention when information such as a manual regarding the administration method of the composition of the present invention is attached, it may be ingested at the discretion of general athletes and individual athletes according to the information. Further, it may be taken at the discretion of each individual according to information from the Internet such as an e-mail transmitted by the right holder of the present invention or a person authorized by the right holder, or a homepage provided. Furthermore, the composition of the present invention may be ingested or the suppression method of the present invention may be implemented based on the individual judgment of each individual.
- casein hydrolyzate obtained by hydrolyzing animal milk casein and having an average chain length including free amino acids and peptides of 2.1 or less as the number of amino acid residues used in the examples will be described.
- casein hydrolyzate it means the casein hydrolyzate produced in the production examples described below.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic production flow of casein hydrolyzate.
- milk-derived casein sodium caseinate, manufactured by NZMP Japan
- a 1N sodium hydroxide manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries
- the substrate solution was prepared by adjusting the pH to 7.0 and adjusting the temperature to 20 ° C.
- the substrate solution was sterilized by heating at 95 ° C. for 10 minutes.
- the substrate solution after sterilization is derived from Aspergillus oryzae and contains commercially available enzymes (registered trademark “Sumiteam FP”, Shin Nippon Chemical Co., Ltd.) containing at least metalloprotease, serine protease, neutral protease I, neutral protease II and leucine aminopeptidase. Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was added so that the enzyme / casein weight ratio would be 1/25, and the mixture was reacted at 50 ° C. for 11 hours. Subsequently, the enzyme was deactivated by heating at 95 ° C. for 10 minutes to obtain a casein hydrolyzate solution.
- enzymes registered trademark “Sumiteam FP”, Shin Nippon Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the precipitate and the supernatant are separated by centrifugation (centrifugation conditions; 3000 rpm, 20 minutes), and the supernatant from which the precipitate has been removed is heated at 95 ° C. for 10 minutes. By sterilizing.
- the supernatant liquid after sterilization was dried by spray drying or freeze drying to obtain a powder of casein hydrolyzate.
- the components contained in the obtained casein hydrolyzate were analyzed. Protein was measured by the Kjeldahl method, and amino acids were measured by an amino acid analyzer. In addition, the amount obtained by subtracting amino acids from the protein amount was defined as the peptide amount. Furthermore, the lipid was measured by an acid decomposition method, the ash was measured by a direct ashing method, and the moisture was measured by a normal pressure heating drying method. In addition, the remainder which subtracted each component from 100% was made into the amount of carbohydrates. As a result, 38.5% by weight of amino acids, 43.8% by weight of peptides, 5.8% by weight of water, less than 0.1% by weight of lipids, 4.1% by weight of ash and 7.8% by weight of carbohydrates %Met.
- Average chain length of free amino acid and peptide in casein hydrolyzate The average chain length of free amino acid and peptide contained in the casein hydrolyzate obtained in 1 above reacts with the free amino acid contained therein and the amino group of the peptide. The number of moles was measured with an OPA reagent, and the ratio was compared with the number of moles of caseinate hydrolyzate measured in the same manner. 40 mg of o-phthalaldehyde (special reagent for fluorescence analysis, manufactured by Nacalai Tesque) was dissolved in 1 mL of methanol, and 100 ⁇ L of ⁇ -mercaptoethanol was added.
- the amount of amino acid in the casein hydrolyzate is 38.5% by weight, and the amount of peptide is 43.8% by weight. Therefore, the content ratio of the dipeptide having the Xaa Pro sequence contained in the casein hydrolyzate is The content was 10.2% by weight based on the total amount of free amino acids and peptides in the degradation product. The content ratio of the tripeptide having the Xaa Pro Pro sequence was 2.0% by weight with respect to the total amount of free amino acids and peptides in the degradation product.
- Example 1 An exercise test by a placebo-controlled double-blind crossover test was performed under the conditions shown below, and the effect of suppressing the increase in heart rate during exercise was measured.
- Heart rate increase inhibiting composition Casein hydrolyzate powder produced by the method according to the above-mentioned “1. Production example of casein hydrolyzate” is tableted together with an excipient and a lubricant, and tablet (tablet) Was prepared.
- the tablet has a weight of 0.35 g, and the content of casein hydrolyzate in the tablet is 25 to 30% by weight.
- Test method 1 30 tablets before the start of exercise, 4 tablets (1.4 g) were administered to the subject, and heart rate measurement was started by electrocardiogram measurement. Stay calm between tablet administration and exercise start. 2) Exercise [2] above was performed 30 minutes after tablet administration. Continue to measure heart rate by electrocardiogram during exercise. 3) Rest for 30 minutes after exercise and finish the test. 4) From the measurement result of the heart rate, the exercise intensity of each subject is calculated from the above formulas (1) and (2).
- Table 2 shows the resting heart rate, the exercising heart rate, and the exercise intensity of 14 subjects before the start of exercising.
- the average value represents the average value of the heart rate of 14 subjects at rest for 30 minutes
- the standard deviation represents the standard deviation of the average heart rate at rest of 14 subjects.
- the average value indicates the average value of the heart rate during 30 minutes of exercise for 14 subjects
- the standard deviation indicates the standard deviation of the average heart rate during exercise of 14 subjects.
- the exercise intensity in Table 2 the average value represents the average value of the exercise intensity of 14 subjects obtained from the average heart rate at rest and exercise, and the standard deviation represents the standard deviation of the exercise intensity of 14 subjects. .
- FIG. 2 The heart rate at each elapsed time in FIG. 2 represents an average value for every 14 minutes of 14 subjects.
- the exercise [2] is started from an elapsed time of 30 minutes.
- Comparative Example 1 Instead of the tablet of Example 1 containing casein hydrolyzate powder, Example 1 except that a tablet containing 25-30 wt% sodium caseinate as a placebo and prepared in the same manner as Example 1 was administered. The test was conducted in the same manner. All 14 subjects were the same person. The test of Comparative Example 1 was performed on a different day from the test of Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2 and FIG. Each average value and each standard deviation in Table 2 were determined in the same manner as in Example 1. Moreover, the heart rate in each elapsed time in FIG. 2 shows the average value for every 14 minutes of 14 test subjects like Example 1. FIG.
- Example 1 the heart rate during exercise decreased by about 3.7 times / min during the entire exercise time compared to Comparative Example 1, and the heart rate during exercise increased. Inhibition was statistically significant (P ⁇ 0.05).
- the exercise intensity decreases by about 4.2% (decrease rate of 13.8%), and a reduction in the load on the body can be expected. It was.
- the average heart rate at rest for 30 minutes from tablet administration to the start of exercise was not different between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, indicating that the effect of the present application was different from the effect at rest.
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Abstract
Description
本明細書において以降、アスリートではない前者のような目的で、あるいは趣味的に運動に取り組む人を一般運動者、後者のアスリートを競技運動者と称することとする。
また競技運動者のオーバーワーク等においては、練習メニューの消化に対する義務感から、現状の自身の循環機能を超えた運動強度への常態的な取り組みが考えられる。この運動強度の詳細については後述するが、運動時の心拍数も影響しており、運動時の心拍数上昇を抑制できれば、同じ練習メニューであっても相対的に運動強度を低下させることが期待できる。
特許文献1は、哺乳動物の心拍数低下特性を有する乳酸菌発酵させた発酵食品原料、及び当該発酵食品原料含有組成物の使用が開示されている。しかしながら、特許文献1の発酵食品原料は、狭心症、高血圧、及び動脈硬化等の病態を有する哺乳動物に対し、これらの病態治療を目的として、「安静時の心拍数」を低下させるためのものである。
好ましくは、前記カゼイン加水分解物は、獣乳カゼインを麹菌由来の酵素により酵素分解して得られる分解物である。
さらに、該心拍数上昇抑制組成物は、Xaa Pro配列を有するジペプチド及びXaa Pro Pro配列を有するトリペプチドからなる生体内難分解性ペプチドを特定割合で含むことが好ましい。
本発明の運動時の心拍数上昇抑制方法は、獣乳カゼインを加水分解して得られる、遊離アミノ酸及びペプチドを含む平均鎖長がアミノ酸残基数として2.1以下のカゼイン加水分解物、又は該加水分解物に含まれる遊離アミノ酸及びペプチド混合物を含有する組成物を、運動開始前、運動中、又はその両時に経口投与する方法である。また、本発明の心拍数上昇抑制組成物は、上記カゼイン加水分解物、又は該加水分解物に含まれる遊離アミノ酸及びペプチド混合物を含有する組成物である。
該平均鎖長は、例えば、アミノ基に反応して発色するOPA(o-フタルアルデヒド)試薬を用いたOPA法により、加水分解物中のモル濃度を評価し、平均鎖長=(カゼイン酸加水分解物中のモル数)/(カゼイン加水分解物中のモル数)として求めることができる。
また、前記生体内難分解性ペプチドとは、生体の腸管から吸収された際に、生体内ペプチダーゼ群に対して分解抵抗性が高い、カルボキシ末端にProを有するジペプチドXaa Pro及びトリペプチドXaa Pro Proを意味する。
前記カゼイン加水分解物には、前記遊離アミノ酸及びペプチドの他に、例えば市販の獣乳カゼイン等に通常含まれる、脂質、灰分、炭水化物、食物繊維、水分等が10~20重量%程度含まれていても良く、また、必要に応じてこれらのうちの適当な成分の一部若しくは全部を除去しても良い。
獣乳カゼインを加水分解する際のカゼイン濃度は、特に限定されないが、前記加水分解物を効率良く生産するために、3~19重量%が好ましい。
酵素群(X)は、活性中心にセリンを持つ、セリンタイプのプロテアーゼ、もしくは活性中心に金属を持つ金属プロテアーゼを含むことが好ましい。金属プロテアーゼとしては、中性プロテアーゼI、中性プロテアーゼII及びロイシンアミノペプチダーゼ等が挙げられ、これらの少なくとも1種を含むことが、所望の加水分解物を効率良く、且つ短時間で、さらには1段階反応で得ることができる点で好ましい。また前記Pro Xaa配列が切断可能なペプチダーゼとしては、等電点が酸性域を示す酵素であることが好ましい。
アスペルギルス・オリゼー由来の酵素群としては、市販品を利用することができ、例えば、スミチームFP、LP又はMP(以上、登録商標、新日本化学(株)製)、ウマミザイム(登録商標、天野エンザイム(株)製)、Sternzyme B11024、PROHIDROXY AMPL(以上、商品名、株式会社樋口商会製)、オリエンターゼONS(登録商標、阪急バイオインダストリー(株)製)、デナチームAP(登録商標、ナガセ生化学社製)が挙げられ、特に、スミチームFP(登録商標、新日本化学(株)製)の使用が好ましい。
これら市販の酵素群を用いる場合には、通常、至適条件が設定されているが、前記カゼイン加水分解物が得られるように条件、例えば、使用酵素量や反応時間等を、用いる酵素群に応じて適宜変更して行なうことができる。
反応条件は、酵素群に応じて目的のカゼイン加水分解物が得られるように適宜選択できる。例えば、反応温度は、25~60℃、好ましくは45~55℃であり、pHは、3~10、好ましくは5~9、特に好ましくは5~8とすることができる。また、酵素反応時間は、2~48時間、好ましくは7~15時間とすることができる。
酵素反応停止後、必要に応じて沈澱物を、遠心分離除去や各種フィルター処理により除去することが好ましい。さらに、酵素反応停止後に5℃~10℃に冷却することで、より多くの沈殿物を生じさせることができる。
このような粉末には、栄養的バランスや風味等を改善するために、各種補助添加剤を含有させることもできる。例えば、各種炭水化物、脂質、ビタミン類、ミネラル類、甘味料、香料、色素、テクスチュア改善剤が挙げられる。
さらに、機能性食品、機能性飲料及びサプリメントとして投与する場合の形態としては、例えば、錠剤、丸剤、硬カプセル剤、軟カプセル剤、マイクロカプセル、散剤、顆粒剤、液剤等が挙げられる。
製剤化は、例えば、適宜必要に応じて、使用が許容される担体、アジュバント、賦形剤、補形剤、防腐剤、安定化剤、結合剤、pH調節剤、緩衝剤、増粘剤、ゲル化剤、保存剤、滑沢剤、抗酸化剤等を用い、一般に認められた製剤実施に要求される単位用量形態で製造することができる。
なお、運動開始前に投与する場合、運動開始前3時間以内に投与することが好ましく、1時間前から直前、特に45分前から15分前に投与することがより好ましい。また、前記投与に加えて、運動終了後に継続して投与してもよい。
運動強度(%)=[(運動時心拍数-安静時心拍数)÷(最大心拍数-安静時心拍数)]×100 (1)
なお、式(1)の最大心拍数は、個々人によって異なり、またその測定は困難で実用的ではないため、次の式(2)で示す推定最大心拍数で代用することとする。すなわち、式(1)の最大心拍数は、式(2)の推定最大心拍数を指すものとする。ただし、各個人の最大心拍数を正確に測定し、当該最大心拍数を用いて運動強度を求めてもよい。
推定最大心拍数=220-年齢 (2)
また、運動強度が0%を超えるものであれば、その運動時間は特に制限が無い。例えば、50m走のような短距離走の場合は運動時間が数秒であり、一般市民ランナーがフルマラソンを行う場合は、運動時間が5~8時間に及ぶこともあり得る。このような短距離走や長距離走も本発明の対象とする運動であるので、上記したように、運動時間は特に関係なく、運動強度が0%を超えるものに対して本発明の抑制方法及び組成物を適用できる。
なお、運動時間が30分を超える場合には、運動開始前に本発明の組成物を投与した場合であっても、運動中にも投与することができる。
また、一般運動者において、各種の公的スポーツクラブ、又は一般スポーツクラブ若しくはスポーツジム等に所属している場合は、当該クラブやジムの、コーチ、トレーナーあるいはインストラクター等の指導や指示によって投与することが好ましい。やはり、一般運動者の状況を冷静に観察して判断できるからである。
まず、実施例に使用する、獣乳カゼインを加水分解して得られる、遊離アミノ酸及びペプチドを含む平均鎖長がアミノ酸残基数として2.1以下のカゼイン加水分解物の製造例を説明する。なお、以後特に断らない限り、カゼイン加水分解物と称した場合は、以下に説明する製造例で製造したカゼイン加水分解物を指すものとする。
図1にカゼイン加水分解物の概略製造フローを示す。
牛乳由来カゼイン(カゼインナトリウム、日本NZMP社製)4.5gを約80℃に調整した蒸留水100gに加えて充分に撹拌した後、1N水酸化ナトリウム(和光純薬社製)溶液を添加してpH7.0とし、また温度を20℃に調整して基質溶液を調製した。該基質溶液を95℃で10分間加熱することにより殺菌した。
殺菌後の基質溶液に、アスペルギルス・オリゼー由来であり、少なくとも金属プロテアーゼ、セリンプロテアーゼ、中性プロテアーゼI、中性プロテアーゼII及びロイシンアミノペプチダーゼを含む市販の酵素(登録商標「スミチームFP」、新日本化学工業社製)を、酵素/カゼインの重量比が1/25となるように添加して、50℃で11時間反応させた。続いて、95℃で10分間加熱することにより酵素を失活させ、カゼイン加水分解物溶液を得た。カゼイン加水分解物溶液を5℃まで冷却した後、析出物と上澄み液を遠心分離(遠心分離条件;3000rpm、20分間)により分離し、該析出物を除去した上澄み液を95℃で10分間加熱することにより殺菌した。殺菌後の上澄み液を、スプレードライ又は凍結乾燥にて乾燥することにより、カゼイン加水分解物の粉末を得た。
上記1で得られたカゼイン加水分解物に含まれる遊離アミノ酸及びペプチドの平均鎖長は、それに含まれる遊離アミノ酸及びペプチドのアミノ基に反応するOPA試薬でモル数を測定し、同様に測定したカゼイン酸加水分解物のモル数との比で評価した。
メタノール1mLにo-フタルアルデヒド(蛍光分析用特級試薬、ナカライテスク社製)40mgを溶解させ、β-メルカプトエタノール100μLを加えた。予め調製しておいた100mMの四ホウ酸ナトリウム溶液25mLに、20%ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム2.5mLを加えたものを用いて、上記溶解したo-フタルアルデヒドを25mLに希釈し、更に蒸留水で50mLとすることでOPA試薬を調製した。
上記1で得たカゼイン加水分解物粉末を、適当な溶媒に適当な濃度で溶解し、15000rpmで10分間遠心分離を行い、上清50μLを分取した。続いて、上記OPA試薬を1mL加え、よく撹拌し、室温で5分間放置した後、吸光光度計(商品名Ubest-35、日本分光(株)製)で340nmの吸収を測定した。
検量線は1%のカゼイン酸加水分解物を調製し、適切に希釈したものを用いて同様に測定した結果から、吸光度とモル濃度の関係を求めた。そして、平均鎖長は以下の式に従って計算した。その結果、平均鎖長は2.1であった。
平均鎖長=(1%カゼイン酸加水分解物のモル濃度)/(1%カゼイン加水分解物のモル濃度)
上記1で得られたカゼイン加水分解物中のジペプチド及びトリペプチドの量を、各種の化学合成標準ペプチドを用いて常法に従って求めた。結果を表1に示す。なお、各ペプチドの量はカゼイン加水分解物1g中のmg数で表した。
以下に示す条件にて、プラセボ対照二重盲検クロスオーバー試験による運動試験を実施し、運動時の心拍数上昇抑制効果を測定した。
[1]被験者
運動習慣のない40歳から74歳の健常男性14名(平均年齢53.1歳)。
[2]運動種及び運動量
トレッドミルを用いた下り勾配(-5°)での時速5kmの歩行運動を30分間。
[3]心拍数上昇抑制組成物
上記「1.カゼイン加水分解物の製造例」に準じる方法により製造したカゼイン加水分解物粉末を、賦形剤、滑沢剤と共に打錠し、タブレット(錠剤)を調製した。該タブレット1錠の重量は0.35gであり、タブレット中のカゼイン加水分解物含有量は、25~30重量%である。
[4]試験方法
1)運動開始30分前に、タブレット4錠(1.4g)を被験者に投与し、心電図測定により心拍数の測定を開始。タブレット投与から運動開始までの間は安静を維持。
2)タブレット投与から30分後に上記[2]の運動を実施。運動中、心電図測定により心拍数の測定を継続。
3)運動後30分間安静にし、試験を終了。
4)心拍数の測定結果から、各被験者の運動強度を上記式(1)及び(2)から算出。
表2中の運動時平均心拍数において、平均値は被験者14名の運動時30分間の心拍数の平均値を、標準偏差は被験者14名の運動時平均心拍数の標準偏差を示す。
表2中の運動強度において、平均値は上記の安静時及び運動時の平均心拍数より求めた被験者14名の運動強度の平均値を、標準偏差は被験者14名の運動強度の標準偏差を示す。
カゼイン加水分解物粉末を含む実施例1のタブレットの代わりに、プラセボとしてカゼインナトリウムを25~30重量%含み、実施例1と同様の方法で調製したタブレットを投与すること以外は、実施例1と同様にして試験を実施した。また、被験者14名は全て同一人とした。なお、比較例1の試験は、実施例1の試験とは別の日に実施した。
結果を表2及び図2に示す。表2中の各平均値、及び各標準偏差は実施例1と同様にして求めた。また、図2中の各経過時間における心拍数は、実施例1と同様、被験者14名の5分間ごとの平均値を示す。
一方、タブレット投与から運動開始までの30分間の安静時平均心拍数は、実施例1と比較例1で差が認められず、本願の効果は安静時の効果とは異なることが示された。
Claims (6)
- 獣乳カゼインを加水分解して得られる、遊離アミノ酸及びペプチドを含む平均鎖長がアミノ酸残基数として2.1以下のカゼイン加水分解物、又は該加水分解物に含まれる遊離アミノ酸及びペプチド混合物を含有する組成物を、運動開始前、運動中、又はその両時に経口投与する、運動時の心拍数上昇抑制方法。
- 前記カゼイン加水分解物が、獣乳カゼインを麹菌由来の酵素により酵素分解して得られる、
請求項1に記載の運動時の心拍数上昇抑制方法。 - 前記カゼイン加水分解物、又は前記遊離アミノ酸及びペプチド混合物の経口投与量が、1回当たり0.8~2000mg/kg体重である、
請求項1又は2に記載の運動時の心拍数上昇抑制方法。 - 前記組成物の経口投与が、単位運動時当たり少なくとも1回である、
請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の運動時の心拍数上昇抑制方法。 - 獣乳カゼインを加水分解して得られる、遊離アミノ酸及びペプチドを含む平均鎖長がアミノ酸残基数として2.1以下のカゼイン加水分解物、又は該加水分解物に含まれる遊離アミノ酸及びペプチド混合物を有効成分として含有する、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の運動時の心拍数上昇抑制方法に使用する、
経口投与用の運動時の心拍数上昇抑制組成物。 - 獣乳カゼインを加水分解して得られる、遊離アミノ酸及びペプチドを含む平均鎖長がアミノ酸残基数として2.1以下のカゼイン加水分解物、又は該加水分解物に含まれる遊離アミノ酸及びペプチド混合物を有効成分として含有する経口投与用組成物の、運動時の心拍数上昇抑制への使用。
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Cited By (2)
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WO2020091014A1 (ja) | 2018-11-02 | 2020-05-07 | 株式会社古川リサーチオフィス | 心拍数低下剤 |
JP2020099514A (ja) * | 2018-12-21 | 2020-07-02 | 株式会社frapport | 電動トレーニングシステム及び方法、プログラム |
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US10583165B2 (en) | 2020-03-10 |
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