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  • C08G18/18—Catalysts containing secondary or tertiary amines or salts thereof
  • C08G18/1875—Catalysts containing secondary or tertiary amines or salts thereof containing ammonium salts or mixtures of secondary of tertiary amines and acids
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  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
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  • C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/34—Carboxylic acids; Esters thereof with monohydroxyl compounds
  • C08G18/341—Dicarboxylic acids, esters of polycarboxylic acids containing two carboxylic acid groups
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  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
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  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/48—Polyethers
  • C08G18/4804—Two or more polyethers of different physical or chemical nature
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  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
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  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
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  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
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  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
  • C08G18/6633—Compounds of group C08G18/42
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  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
  • C08G18/6666—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52
  • C08G18/6692—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/34
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  • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
  • C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
  • C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
  • C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
  • C08G18/7657—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings
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  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
  • C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
  • C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
  • C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
  • C08G18/7657—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings
  • C08G18/7664—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups
  • C08G18/7671—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups containing only one alkylene bisphenyl group
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  • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
  • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
  • C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
  • C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
  • C08J9/143—Halogen containing compounds
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  • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
  • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
  • C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
  • C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
  • C08J9/143—Halogen containing compounds
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  • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
  • C08J9/16—Making expandable particles
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  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/09—Carboxylic acids; Metal salts thereof; Anhydrides thereof
  • C08K5/092—Polycarboxylic acids
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  • C08G2110/00—Foam properties
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  • C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
  • C08J2203/16—Unsaturated hydrocarbons
  • C08J2203/162—Halogenated unsaturated hydrocarbons, e.g. H2C=CF2
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  • C08J2205/00—Foams characterised by their properties
  • C08J2205/10—Rigid foams
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  • C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
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  • C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
  • C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
  • C08J2375/08—Polyurethanes from polyethers

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a polyol premix composition for rigid polyurethane foams. More specifically, it relates to a polyol premix composition comprising a hydrohalooleftn as foaming agent that has a high initial reaction rate when it is reacted with isocyanate and shows smaller deterioration of reactivity over time .
• the polymerization reaction proceeds, as a polyol premix composition containing a polyol, water, a foaming agent, a catalyst, and various assistants, and an isocyanate are mixed and agitated, under generation of the foam. If the reaction is expressed by the phase change of the reaction mixture over time, the reaction proceeds in the following steps:
• Step 1 the reaction starts, the reaction mixture becoming cloudy and the viscosity beginning to rise.
• the period beginning from mixing of the polyol premix and isocyanate until then will be called cream time (abbreviated as "CT").
• Step 2 the polymerization reaction starts, making the mixture begin to gel. The period until then will be called gel time (abbreviated as "GT").
• GT gel time
• Step 3 the reaction on the surface of the foams generated progresses, resulting in foams which are non-adhesive to finger. The period until then will be called tack-free time (abbreviated as "TFT").
• TFT tack-free time
• CT, GT, and TFT respectively have important roles in preparation of rigid polyurethane foams.
• a polyurethane reaction mix based on polyol premix composition having a short CT is resistant to dripping from a vertical face when sprayed in the case of spray application, and also resistant to void formation caused by incorporation of air by liquid flow in the case of foaming in a mold. Accordingly, a polyol premix composition leading to a shorter CT is favorable in many applications.
• Polyol premix compositions regularly have CTs being relatively long (about 10 seconds and higher). For above mentioned reasons, a need exists for a polyol premix composition that leads to shorter CT and is thus easier to process, when reacted with isocyanate.
• a long GT prolongs the time until the foams become hard and rigid enough after spraying in the case of spraying, and similarly increases the demolding time in the case of foaming in a mold.
• an excessively short GT leads to reduction of the processing time, which may result in easier clogging of the spraying machine in the case of spraying and reduction of the flow distance of the foaming reaction mixture in the case of foaming into a mold, thus prohibiting production of uniform foam. Accordingly, the blending composition needs to be adjusted such that GT has a suitable length.
• the foam when the body of the operator is brought in contact therewith in the case of spraying. Similarly, the demolding time may be elongated in the case of foaming into a mold. Alternatively, when TFT is too short, the spraying machine may become easily clogged in the case of spraying and it is not possible to obtain a uniform foam in the case of foaming into a mold. Accordingly, the blending composition is normally adjusted such that TFT has a suitable length.
• Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-based foaming agents such as trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11), that are superior in heat conductivity have been used as the foaming agents in production of rigid polyurethane foams.
• CFC-based foaming agents can be used less easily, as they are considered to be substances destroying the ozone layer in the atmosphere.
• hydrochlorofluoroolefins such as trans-l-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233zd) and hydrofluorooleftns such as (Z)-l,l,l,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (HFO-1336mzz) were developed and encouraged to be used as the foaming agents replacing CFCs.
• polyol premix compositions containing a hydrochlorofluoroolefin and/or a hydrofluorooleftn are not sufficiently high in storage stability.
• EP 2563829 A discloses a method for improving the storage stability of a polyol premix composition containing a halogenated olefin as foaming agent by adding an ester thereto. It specifically discloses an example in which, when a halogenated olefin (HCFO- 1233zd) is used as the foaming agent, methyl formate is added as the ester, but the improvement of storage stability obtained is not yet sufficient. Further, the cream time (CT), an indicator of initial reaction rate, is still more than 10 seconds even when methyl formate is added, suggesting a need for further reduction thereof.
• CT cream time
• WO 2009/048826 A discloses a polyol premix composition which comprises a combination of a hydrohalooleftn blowing agent, a polyol, a silicone surfactant, and a catalyst which is an adduct of an amine and an organic acid.
• a hydrohalooleftn blowing agent a hydrohalooleftn blowing agent
• a polyol a polyol
• silicone surfactant a catalyst which is an adduct of an amine and an organic acid.
• a long list of acids is given, the most preferred ones are acetic, caprotic, isocaprotic, and 2-ethylhexanoic acid, and combinations thereof.
• the use of the adduct results in a 1 :1 molar ratio of amine:acid in the polyol blend.
• CTs are not reported, however, GT increases from 105 seconds to 150 seconds after ageing of the polyol composition (120 °F for 62 hours).
• a first object of the present invention is to provide a polyol premix composition for production of rigid polyurethane foams that has a higher initial reaction rate (i.e., shorter CT).
• the "polyol premix,” as used in the present invention is a mixture of a raw polyol, additives, and a physical foaming agent (excluding water as chemical foaming agent).
• the mixture of the raw polyol and the additives will be called “blended polyol.”
• the additives include amine catalysts, chemical foaming agents such as water, foam stabilizers, and the like.
• a second object of the present invention is aimed at improving the storage stability of the polyol premix composition containing a hydrohalooleftn as foaming agent for production of rigid polyurethane foams. Specifically, it is to provide a polyol premix composition that shows smaller change in reactivity (CT, GT, and TFT) in reaction with an isocyanate after storage of the hydrohaloolefm-containing polyol premix composition for an extended period of time than the systems described in the prior art.
• the inventors have found that it is possible, by adding the dicarboxylic acid to a hydrohalooleftn- and amine - containing polyol premix composition, to obtain a stabilized polyol premix composition that show only small changes in reactivity indicators (CT, GT, and TFT) of the reaction of the polyol premix composition with the isocyanate after storage for an extended period of time and made the present invention.
• CT, GT, and TFT reactivity indicators
• the present invention relates to [1] a polyol premix composition for production of rigid polyurethane foams containing a polyol, water, a foaming agent comprising a hydrohalooleftn, and an amine catalyst, and additionally an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid as reactivity- and storage stability-improving agent.
• the present invention also relates to [2] the polyol premix composition described in [1], containing the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid in an amount of at least 1.2 equivalents with respect to the amino groups in the catalyst.
• the expression “equivalent” or “equivalents” is related to the molecular ratio of carboxyl groups to amino groups in the amine catalyst.
• amino - groups means free amino groups reactive towards carboxylic acids, i.e. quaternary ammonium salts which are contained in the polyol composition before addition of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid should not be taken into consideration.
• the present invention preferably relates to [3] the polyol premix composition described in [1] or [2], wherein the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid is succinic acid, glutaric acid, or the mixture thereof.
• the present invention further relates to [4] the polyol premix composition described in either one of [1] to [3], wherein the hydrohaloolefin is a hydrofluoroolefin and/or a hydrochlorofluoroolefin, or the mixture thereof.
• the present invention preferably relates to [5] the polyol premix composition described in [4], wherein the hydrochlorofluoroolefin comprises l-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene.
• the present invention further relates to [6] a rigid polyurethane foam prepared by reacting the polyol premix composition described in any one of [1] to [5] with an isocyanate.
• the polyurethane reaction mix based on such polyol premix composition containing an added dicarboxylic acid according to the present invention has a shorter CT and is resistant to dripping from a vertical face when sprayed in the case of spray application, and is also resistant to void generation caused by incorporation of air by liquid flow in the case of foaming in a mold.
• the polyol premix composition containing an added dicarboxylic acid according to the present invention is unproved in storage stability even under the condition where a hydrofluoroolefin for example is contained as foaming agent. Specifically, it is possible to obtain a stabilized polyol premix composition that shows extremely small change in reactivity indicators (CT, GT, and TFT) in the reaction of the dicarboxylic arid-containing polyol premix composition after storage for an extended period of time with an isocyanate.
• CT, GT, and TFT extremely small change in reactivity indicators
• a rigid polyurethane foam according to the present invention obtained by reacting the polyol premix composition after storage for an extended period of time with an isocyanate and curing the product retains favorable polymer physical properties (hardness and density), independently of the storage period.
• the process for producing a rigid polyurethane foam by reacting the polyol premix composition with an isocyanate according to the present invention is effective in giving a rigid polyurethane foam reaction mix resistant to dripping down off a vertical face in the case of spraying and resistant to void generation of the rigid polyurethane foam in the case of foaming in a mold.
• the present invention is an invention related to a polyol premix composition for production of rigid polyurethane foams, containing a polyol, water, a foaming agent, and an amine catalyst as well as an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid as reactivity- and storage stability-improving agent.
• the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid used in the polyol premix composition for rigid polyurethane foams which is one characteristic of the present invention, is not particularly limited and examples thereof include oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, and the like.
• succinic acid and glutaric acid are preferable, as they are effective in both decreasing the cream time (CT) and improving the storage stability of the polyol premix composition.
• the addition amount of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid for use in the present invention is above 1 equivalents, more preferably at least 1.2 equivalents, particularly preferably from 1.5 to 2.5 equivalents, for example 2 equivalents, with respect to the amino groups contained in the amine catalyst of the polyol premix composition.
• the addition amount (moles) of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid is 0.6 to 2 moles, preferably 0.6 to 1.5 moles, more preferably 0.75 to 1.25 moles, for example 1 mole, with respect to 1 mole of the amine catalyst.
• the addition amount (mole) of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid is 1.2 to 4 moles, preferably 1.2 to 3 moles, more preferably 1.5 to 2.5 moles, for example 2 moles with respect to 1 mole of the amine catalyst.
• the addition amount of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid is smaller than the range above, it becomes less effective in shortening the cream time (CT) and improving the storage stability of the polyol premix composition.
• CT cream time
• the addition amount of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid is larger than the range above, no further improvement is observed.
• the amine catalyst for use in the present invention is an amine commonly used for production of rigid polyurethane and / or polyisocyanurate foams.
• Examples thereof include monoamines and polyamines, such as triemylenediamine, N,N- dimethylbenzylamine and N,N-dimethylcyclohexylainine (DMCHA); tetramethylenediamine, 1- niemyl-4-dimemylammoethylpiperazine, triemylamine, tributylamine, dimemylbenzylamine, N,N',N"-tris(dime1nylaminopropyl) hexahydrotriazine, Dimelnylainino-propylformamid, N, N , N ', NMetramethylelhylenedialegine, N, ⁇ ,N'.N'-tetraniemylbutanediamine, ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ', ⁇ '- tetramemymexanediamine, pentamemylcfemylenetriamine, Tetramethyldiaininoethylether, dimethylpipe
• urethane catalysts such as triethylamine, tributylamine, dimethylcyclohexylamine, dimethylbenzylamine, N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, pentamethyldiethylentriamine, bis(2-dimethyl- aminoethyl)ether, dimethylpiperazine, 1, 2-dimethyl-imidazole and alkanolamine compounds such as trielhanolamine, triisopropanolamine, N-methyl- and N-ethyl-diethanolamine, N,N-dimethyl- aminoethoxyethanol, N,N,N-trinifimylammoethyl ethanolamine and dimethylethanolamine.
• urethane catalysts such as triethylamine, tributylamine, dimethylcyclohexylamine, dimethylbenzylamine, N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, pentamethyldiethylen
• each R is independently selected from any other R and represents an arbitrarily structured organic radical having at least one carbon atom
• R is an alkyl group having 1 to 12 C-atoms, in particular C 1 - to C 6 -alkyl, particularly preferably methyl and ethyl, especially methyl.
• trimerization catalysts examples for particular suitable catalysts which catalyse the trimerization of isocyanates (so-called trimerization catalysts) are ammonium salts of above mentioned amines, especially ammonium carboxylates.
• Preferred carboxylates are formate, Ethylhexanoate and acetates, particularly formate and acetate, especially acetate.
• a preferred ammonium salt of these amines is (2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium formate; the combinations thereof, and the like.
• carboxylates of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals and in particular sodium and potassium carboxylates are also suitable.
• the polyol premix composition contains a catalyst mixture comprising both a urethane reaction catalyst and a trimerization catalyst.
• the catalyst mixture comprises the urethane reaction catalyst and the trimerization catalyst in a weight ratio (urethane reaction catalyst / trimerization catalyst) of 0.75 - 8, preferably 1 - 6.
• the catalyst used is selected from monoamine-, diamine-, polyamine-, and alkanolamine-based catalysts and it may be used in combination with an ammonium salt or a non-amine type catalyst, e.g. organic metal compounds such as stannous octanoate, dibutyltin mercaptide, organic bismuth compounds, lead octanoate, and potassium acetate/ octanoate, tin ( ⁇ ) acetate, tin ( ⁇ ) octoate, tin ( ⁇ ) ethylhexoate, tin ( ⁇ ) laurate, dibutyltin diacetate, dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin maleate, dioctyltin diacetate, tris- (N, N-dimethylaminopropyl) -s-hexahydrotriazine, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, sodium
• the amount (by mass) of the catalyst used is 0.01 to 30 parts by mass, preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by mass, for example 2 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyol.
• polyol in this application may also mean a mixture of different polyols.
• the polyol in the polyol premix composition for rigid polyurethane foams according to the present invention is not particularly limited and selected from polyols such as polyether polyols, polymer polyols, polyether carbonate polyols and polyester polyols.
• polyether polyols examples include alkyleneoxide adducts of active hydrogen compounds such as water, alcohols, phenols, amines, Mannich polyols, and the like.
• Preferred alkyleneoxides are styrene oxide, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide.
• the alcohols include bivalent alcohols such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol and polyvalent alcohols such as glycerol and sucrose;
• examples of the phenols include hydroquinone, bisphenol A, and the like; and examples of the amines include aromatic amines, e.g. toluenediamine, emylenediamine, and the like.
• These active hydrogen compounds starter compounds
• polyester polyols examples include condensed polyester polyols prepared by reacting a polyvalent alcohol (a bivalent or trivalent alcohol or the like described above) with a polybasic acid (succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, maleic acid, dimer acid, trimellitic acid, phtalic acid or the like), polylactone polyols prepared by ring-opening polymerization of a lactone such as ⁇ - caprolactone, the alkyleneoxide adducts thereof, and the like.
• a polyvalent alcohol a bivalent or trivalent alcohol or the like described above
• a polybasic acid succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, maleic acid, dimer acid, trimellitic acid, phtalic acid or the like
• polylactone polyols prepared by ring-opening polymerization of a lactone such as ⁇ - caprolactone, the alkyleneoxide adducts thereof, and the like.
• polymer polyols examples include polymer polyols prepared by polymerizing a vinyl monomer (acrylonitrile, styrene, or the like) in one or more polyols selected from the polyether polyols and the polyester polyols above, and the mixtures thereof.
• the polyol comprises a mixture of a polyester polyol and a polyether polyol.
• the isocyanate for use in the present invention is not particularly limited and may be a compound commonly used for production of rigid polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams.
• the isocyanates include aromatic isocyanates, aliphatic isocyanates, alicyclic isocyanates, and the modified products thereof (e.g., carbodiimide-, allophanate-, urea-, biuret-, isocyanurate-, and oxazolidone-modified products), isocyanate group-terminal prepolymers, and the like.
• aromatic isocyanates examples thereof include toluene diisocyanate (TDI), crude TDIs, diphenylmethane diisocyanate (monomelic MDI), polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanates (polymeric MDIs), and the like and combinations thereof.
• the isocyanate index (NCO/OH ratio) is not particularly limited, but normally SO to ISO, more preferably 75 to 12S. When it is in the range above, the polyurethane foam obtained is favorably strong and there is smaller concern about residual of unreacted isocyanate groups. In other embodiments, higher ratios > ISO, preferably > 180 are used, resulting in favorable polyisocyanurate foams.
• halogenated hydroolefins i.e., hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs), hydrochlorofluoroolefins (HCFOs)
• foaming agent e.g. water or a volatile foaming agent.
• the volatile foaming agent used may be a known volatile foaming agent other than halogenated hydroolefins and examples thereof include low-boiling hydrocarbons (e.g., pentane, cyclopentane, hexane, and the mixtures thereof), carbon dioxide gas, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)), mixtures thereof, and the like.
• hydrofluoroolefin foaming agents examples include (but are not limited to) the 3, 4, S, or 6 carbon-containing compounds shown below: pentafluoropropanes such as 1,2,3,3,3- pentafluoropropene (HF0122Sye); tetrafluoropropenes such as 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HF01234ze, E and Z isomers), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HF01234yf), and 1,2,3,3- tetrafluoropropene (HF01234ye); trifluoropropenes such as 3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1243zf); tetrafluorobutenes such as (HFO 1345); pentafluorobutene isomers such as (HF01354); hexafluorobutene isomers such as (HF01336); heptafluorobutene
• Hydrochlorofluoroolefins are also favorable foaming agents and examples thereof include l-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233zd), 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO- 1233xf), HCF01223,l,2-dichloro-l,2-difluoroethene (E and Z isomers), 3,3-dichloro-3- fluoropropene, 2-chloro-l,l,l,4,4,4-hexafluorobutene-2 (E and Z isomers), 2-chloro-l, 1,1,3,4,4,4- heptafluorobutene-2 (E and Z isomers), and the like.
• the amount of the foaming agent used is determined properly according to the density and the foam physical properties of the rigid polyurethane foam produced. For example, it may be determined to give a rigid polyurethane foam having density (kg/m ⁇ ) of 5 to 200 (preferably 10 to 100), determined according to JIS K 7222 (equivalent to ISO 845).
• polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foams using the compositions described herein may follow any of the methods well known (see e.g. Saunders and Frisch, Volumes I and ⁇ Polyurethanes Chemistry and technology, 1962, John Wiley and Sons, New York, N.Y.
• polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foams are prepared by combining an isocyanate, the polyol premix composition, and other materials such as optional flame retardants, colorants, or other additives.
• These foams can be rigid, flexible, or semi-rigid, and can have a closed cell stnicture, an open cell structure or a mixture of open and closed cells.
• a foam stabilizer is preferably used and may be a known silicone-based surfactant, examples thereof include DOW Coming Toray SF2937F, SF2938F, SZ-1671, SZ-1718, SZ-1677, SH193, SF2936F, SZ-1642, SF2945F, SZ-1605, and SZ-1923 produced by Dow Corning Toray Co., Ltd.; F- 242TL produced by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.; Tegostab® B-8404 and B-8462 produced by Evonik; and the like.
• ingredients such as stabilizers, auxiliary agents, dyes, fillers, pigments, flame retardants, colorants, or other additives may be contained in the polyol premix composition.
• a liquid mixture of the blended polyol and LBA (foaming agent) (referred to as “polyol premix") and an isocyanate were mixed and agitated with a homomixer at a particular blending ratio (referred to as “reaction mixture”).
• the reaction mixture solution is transferred immediately into a wooden box, wherein the reactivity thereof (cream time (CT), gel time (GT), and tack-free time (TFT)) was determined.
• CT cream time
• GT gel time
• TFT tack-free time
• Step 4) The mixture is weighed after mixing; LBA lost by vaporization is replenished and the mixture was mixed again. The mixture is then adjusted to a particular temperature (20 ⁇ 0.S°C). After temperature adjustment, the mixture is weighed again. When the weight is smaller than a predetermined value, Step 4) is repeated to give a polyol premix.
• the isocyanate is weighed in another disposable cup and adjusted to a particular temperature (20 ⁇ 0.5°C). After temperature adjustment, a predetermined amount of the isocyanate was added to the polyol premix of 4. Isocyanate index is 106.
• reaction mixture a homomixer at 4000 rpm for 5 seconds
• reaction mixture of 6) is poured into a wooden box internally covered with a Kraft paper.
• Cream time period from start of mixing to until the reaction mixture becomes cloudy and creamy and starts to expand.
• TFT Tack-free time
• the polyol premix of 4) is placed in a pressure bottle (model number: 5555-33) manufactured by AS ONE Corporation and stored in an oven adjusted to 50°C for the respective period of time (see table). After it is cooled to room temperature, the reactivity thereof with isocyanate and the resin physical properties are determined according to above foaming test procedure.
• a foaming test was performed according to the foaming test procedure above, using the raw materials described in Table 1 and adding succinic acid in an amount of 2 equivalents to the amine catalyst (Rao #10).
• the amounts of respective components used (part by mass) and the evaluation results of the foaming test are shown in Table 2.
• a foaming test was performed according to the foaming test procedure above, using the raw materials described in Table 1 and adding glutaric acid in an amount of 2 equivalents to the amine catalyst (Rao #10).
• the amounts of respective components used (part by mass) and the evaluation results of the foaming test are shown in Table 2 with the results of Example 1.
• Example 3 A foaming test and evaluation of the results were performed similarly to Example 1, except that the addition amount of succinic acid in Example 1 was changed to 1 equivalent to the amine catalyst (Kao #10). The amounts of respective components used (part by mass) and the evaluation results of the foaming tests are shown in Table 3
• a foaming test was performed according to the foaming test procedure above, using the raw materials described in Table 1 with addition of succinic acid in an amount of 1 equivalent to the amine catalyst (Kao #10).
• Example 1 A foaming test and evaluation of the results were performed similarly to Example 1, except that the addition amount of succinic acid in Example 1 was changed to 1.39 parts by mass (1.5 equivalents to the amine catalyst (Kao #10). The amounts of respective components used (part by mass) and the evaluation results of the foaming test are shown in Table 3 together with the results of Example 1.
• Example 1 A foaming test and evaluation of the results were performed similarly to Example 1, except that the addition amount of succinic acid in Example 1 was changed to 2.32 parts by mass (2.5 equivalents to the amine catalyst (Kao #10).
• the amounts of respective components used (part by mass) and the evaluation results of the foaming test are shown in Table 3 with the results of Examples 1 and 3.
• Example 2 A foaming test and evaluation of the results were performed similarly to Example 2, except that the addition amount of glutaric acid in Example 2 was changed to 1.55 parts by mass (1.5 equivalents to the amine catalyst (Kao #10)). The amounts of respective components used and the evaluation results of the foaming test are shown in Table 4 with the results of Example 2.
• Example 2 A foaming test and evaluation of the results were performed similarly to Example 2, except that the addition amount of glutaric acid in Example 2 was changed to 2.59 parts by mass (2.5 equivalents to the amine catalyst (Kao #10)). The amounts of respective components used and the evaluation results of the foaming test are shown in Table 4 with the results of Examples 2 and 5.
• Example 2 A foaming test and evaluation of the results were performed similarly to Example 1, except that the different acids were added in an amount amount of 2 mole equivalents to the amine catalyst (Kao #10)).
• the amounts of respective components and the type of the acids used and the evaluation results of the foaming test are shown in Table 5 with the results of Examples 2 and 5.

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