WO2016159314A1 - 誘電体導波線路 - Google Patents
誘電体導波線路 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016159314A1 WO2016159314A1 PCT/JP2016/060827 JP2016060827W WO2016159314A1 WO 2016159314 A1 WO2016159314 A1 WO 2016159314A1 JP 2016060827 W JP2016060827 W JP 2016060827W WO 2016159314 A1 WO2016159314 A1 WO 2016159314A1
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- molded body
- waveguide
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
- H01P3/16—Dielectric waveguides, i.e. without a longitudinal conductor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/28—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a liquid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. drying of coagulum
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
- G01R27/26—Measuring inductance or capacitance; Measuring quality factor, e.g. by using the resonance method; Measuring loss factor; Measuring dielectric constants ; Measuring impedance or related variables
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing waveguides or resonators, lines, or other devices of the waveguide type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing waveguides or resonators, lines, or other devices of the waveguide type
- H01P11/001—Manufacturing waveguides or transmission lines of the waveguide type
- H01P11/006—Manufacturing dielectric waveguides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
- H01P3/16—Dielectric waveguides, i.e. without a longitudinal conductor
- H01P3/165—Non-radiating dielectric waveguides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
- C08J2201/02—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by mechanical pre- or post-treatments
- C08J2201/03—Extrusion of the foamable blend
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
- C08J2201/04—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by the elimination of a liquid or solid component, e.g. precipitation, leaching out, evaporation
- C08J2201/05—Elimination by evaporation or heat degradation of a liquid phase
- C08J2201/0502—Elimination by evaporation or heat degradation of a liquid phase the liquid phase being organic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08J2327/12—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08J2327/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a dielectric waveguide having a polytetrafluoroethylene molded body.
- Polytetrafluoroethylene can reduce the dielectric loss of a cable that transmits a high-frequency signal. Accordingly, it has been proposed to use polytetrafluoroethylene as an insulating coating layer material for cables that transmit high-frequency signals.
- Patent Document 1 a porous tetrafluoroethylene resin insulating layer that has been heat-treated on the outer periphery of the central conductor and adjusted to have a surface crystallization ratio of 75 to 92% and a porosity of the entire insulating layer of 5 to 30%.
- a semi-rigid coaxial cable is proposed in which an outer metal conductor layer in which an electroless plating anchor metal layer and an electroplating metal layer are sequentially applied is provided on the porous tetrafluoroethylene resin insulating layer. .
- Patent Document 2 when polytetrafluoroethylene is used as an insulating coating layer material, heat treatment of polytetrafluoroethylene is performed in order to balance electrical characteristics such as dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent with workability. It is stated that the degree needs to be controlled.
- Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 both disclose the use of polytetrafluoroethylene as an insulating coating layer material for a high-frequency signal transmission cable using a metal material for the core wire.
- a high-frequency signal transmission cable using a metal material for the core wire can transmit microwaves having a long wavelength, but the attenuation is too large to transmit millimeter waves and submillimeter waves. Therefore, it is known to use a polytetrafluoroethylene molded body for a waveguide line for transmitting millimeter waves and submillimeter waves.
- Patent Document 3 a rod-shaped center dielectric made of stretched continuous porous polytetrafluoroethylene fired and fixed and a stretched continuous porosity polytetrafluoroethylene tape are wound around the outside of the center dielectric.
- a transmission line comprising a dielectric layer is described.
- Patent Document 4 describes that a wave energy transmission portion of a dielectric waveguide for transmitting millimeter waves and submillimeter waves is formed by an unfired or incompletely fired polytetrafluoroethylene molded product. Yes.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a dielectric waveguide having excellent transmission efficiency in view of the above situation.
- a dielectric waveguide for transmitting millimeter waves and submillimeter waves, it is necessary to form a central portion with a high dielectric constant material and an outer layer with a low dielectric constant material.
- an optical fiber is composed of an inner layer and an outer layer. If the difference in refractive index between the inner layer and the outer layer is large, the optical signal confinement effect is enhanced and the transmission efficiency is excellent. Based on this knowledge, the inventors of the present invention have considered that increasing the dielectric constant difference between the central portion and the outer layer in the dielectric waveguide increases the electromagnetic wave confinement effect and increases the transmission efficiency.
- the dielectric loss tangent is low in order to increase the dielectric constant difference and at the same time reduce the attenuation.
- the research on polytetrafluoroethylene molded products was aimed at lowering both the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss tangent than the dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent normally expected for polytetrafluoroethylene, and therefore has a high dielectric constant.
- the inventors have succeeded in producing a polytetrafluoroethylene molded product having a high dielectric constant and a low dielectric loss tangent.
- the present invention has been completed based on this success.
- the present invention provides a polytetrafluoroethylene having a dielectric constant of 2.05 or more at 2.45 GHz or 12 GHz, a dielectric loss tangent of 2.20 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 or less at 2.45 GHz or 12 GHz, and a hardness of 95 or more.
- the polytetrafluoroethylene molded product is preferably obtained by heating unsintered polytetrafluoroethylene at 326 to 345 ° C. for 10 seconds to 2 hours.
- the dielectric waveguide includes the polytetrafluoroethylene molded body as a central dielectric, and further includes a dielectric layer provided around the central dielectric. It is preferable that the dielectric constant is 1.90 or less at .45 GHz or 12 GHz and the dielectric loss tangent at 2.45 GHz or 12 GHz is 2.00 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 or less.
- the dielectric waveguide further includes a conductor substrate and a dielectric composed of a material having a dielectric constant lower than that of the polytetrafluoroethylene molded body, and the polytetrafluoroethylene molded body is It is also preferable to be provided on the conductor substrate via a dielectric.
- the dielectric waveguide further includes a pair of conductive plates, and the polytetrafluoroethylene molded body is preferably sandwiched between the pair of conductive plates.
- the present invention includes a step of heating unsintered polytetrafluoroethylene at 326 to 345 ° C. for 10 seconds to 2 hours to obtain a molded product of polytetrafluoroethylene, and a dielectric conductive material using the polytetrafluoroethylene molded product.
- the present invention is also a dielectric waveguide including a dielectric A and a dielectric B having a dielectric constant lower than that of the dielectric A, and the dielectric A is made of a polytetrafluoroethylene molded body.
- the dielectric constant of dielectric A at 2.45 GHz or 12 GHz is ⁇ A
- the dielectric constant of dielectric B at 2.45 GHz or 12 GHz is ⁇ B
- a ⁇ B it is also a dielectric waveguide line characterized in that ⁇ is 0.70 or more (in this specification, sometimes referred to as a second dielectric waveguide line).
- ⁇ is preferably 0.90 or more.
- epsilon A is 2.05 or more.
- the dielectric loss tangent of the dielectric A at 2.45 GHz or 12 GHz is preferably 1.20 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 or less, and the hardness of the dielectric A is preferably 95 or more.
- the conventional polytetrafluoroethylene molded body has low dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent, but the present inventors have succeeded in producing a polytetrafluoroethylene molded body having a high dielectric constant and a low dielectric loss tangent.
- the first dielectric waveguide of the present invention includes a polytetrafluoroethylene molded body having a high dielectric constant and a low dielectric loss tangent, the transmission efficiency of millimeter waves and submillimeter waves is high.
- the second dielectric waveguide of the present invention has the above configuration, the transmission efficiency of millimeter waves and submillimeter waves is high.
- the first dielectric waveguide of the present invention has a dielectric constant of 2.05 or more at 2.45 GHz or 12 GHz, and a dielectric loss tangent (tan ⁇ ) at 2.45 GHz or 12 GHz of 1.20 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 or less. And having a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) molded body having a hardness of 95 or more.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- the dielectric constant is preferably 2.10 or more, and more preferably 2.16 or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but may be 2.30.
- the dielectric loss tangent (tan ⁇ ) is preferably 1.00 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 or less, and more preferably 0.95 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 or less.
- the lower limit of the dielectric loss tangent (tan ⁇ ) is not particularly limited, but may be 0.10 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 or 0.80 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 .
- the dielectric waveguide may include the PTFE molded body as a central dielectric.
- the dielectric waveguide further includes a dielectric layer provided around the central dielectric, and the dielectric layer has a dielectric constant of 1.90 or less at 2.45 GHz or 12 GHz. It is preferable to be made of a material having a dielectric loss tangent at .45 GHz or 12 GHz of 2.00 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 or less. An example of this preferred embodiment is shown in FIG.
- the appropriate diameter of the central dielectric is determined by the frequency and the dielectric constant of the central dielectric. Generally, when the frequency is from 1 GHz to 1 THz, it is from 0.1 mm to 100 mm.
- the dielectric waveguide may include the PTFE molded body, a conductor substrate, and a dielectric composed of a material having a dielectric constant lower than that of the PTFE molded body.
- the PTFE molded body is provided on the conductor substrate via the dielectric.
- the conductor substrate may be a metal plate.
- the dielectric is preferably a dielectric made of a material having a dielectric constant of 1.90 or less at 2.45 GHz or 12 GHz and a dielectric loss tangent at 2.45 GHz or 12 GHz of 2.00 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 or less. An example of this preferred embodiment is shown in FIG.
- the dielectric waveguide may include the PTFE molded body and a pair of conductive plates.
- the PTFE molded body is sandwiched between the pair of conductive plates.
- it may be provided with a dielectric that is sandwiched between the pair of conductive plates and made of a material having a dielectric constant lower than that of the PTFE molded body.
- the conductive plate may be a metal plate.
- the dielectric is preferably a dielectric made of a material having a dielectric constant of 1.90 or less at 2.45 GHz or 12 GHz and a dielectric loss tangent at 2.45 GHz or 12 GHz of 2.00 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 or less. An example of these preferred embodiments is shown in FIG. 3 or FIG.
- the second dielectric waveguide of the present invention can transmit high frequency waves such as millimeter waves and submillimeter waves using the difference in dielectric constant between the dielectric A and the dielectric B, and the difference is zero. Since it is 70 or more, the transmission efficiency is extremely high.
- ⁇ is preferably 0.90 or more, more preferably 1.00 or more, and even more preferably 1.10 or more from the viewpoint of transmission efficiency.
- the upper limit may be 1.50.
- ⁇ A is preferably 2.05 or more, more preferably 2.10 or more, and still more preferably 2.16 or more, from the viewpoint of transmission efficiency.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but may be 2.30.
- the dielectric loss tangent of the dielectric A at 2.45 GHz or 12 GHz is preferably 1.20 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 or less, more preferably 1.00 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 or less, and further preferably 0.95 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 or less.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, but may be 0.10 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 or 0.80 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 .
- the hardness of the dielectric A is preferably 95 or more.
- the dielectric A is composed of a PTFE molded body.
- the PTFE molded body is preferably the same as the PTFE molded body included in the first dielectric waveguide line because it is easy to provide a difference in dielectric constant ( ⁇ ). According to this configuration, not only high transmission efficiency can be obtained by the difference in dielectric constant ( ⁇ ), but also the dielectric A has a high dielectric constant and a low dielectric loss tangent, so that it is possible to transmit high frequency with even higher efficiency.
- a dielectric waveguide line can be realized.
- the dielectric constant of the dielectric B at 2.45 GHz or 12 GHz is preferably 1.50 or less, more preferably 1.43 or less, still more preferably 1.35 or less, and particularly preferably 1.30 or less. Preferably, it is 1.03 or more.
- the dielectric loss tangent of the dielectric B at 2.45 GHz or 12 GHz is preferably 1.00 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 or less, more preferably 0.60 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 or less, and further preferably 0.30 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 or less.
- Examples of the material constituting the dielectric B include expanded PTFE porous material, polyethylene foam, and the like.
- the dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent are measured at 2.45 GHz using a cavity resonator manufactured by Kanto Electronics Application Development Co., Ltd. when the shape of the PTFE molded body is a cylinder or a tube.
- the dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent are measured at 12 GHz according to MW87-7 “Measurement of microwave complex dielectric constant of dielectric flat plate material” by Prof. Kobayashi of Saitama University when the shape of the PTFE molded product is a flat plate.
- the PTFE molded product preferably has a specific gravity of 2.160 or more.
- the specific gravity is more preferably 2.165 or more, and further preferably 2.170 or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but may be 2.30. When the specific gravity of the PTFE molded product is within the above range, a molded product having a high dielectric constant and a low dielectric loss tangent can be easily realized.
- the specific gravity is measured by a submerged weighing method (conforming to JIS Z 8807).
- the PTFE molded product preferably has a crystallinity of 70% or more.
- the crystallinity is more preferably 73% or more, and further preferably 75% or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but may be 99%. When the crystallinity of the PTFE molded product is within the above range, a molded product having a high dielectric constant and a low dielectric loss tangent can be realized.
- the crystallinity is measured by a specific gravity method.
- the PTFE molded product preferably has a hardness of 97 or more.
- the hardness is more preferably 98 or more, and still more preferably 99 or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but may be 99.9.
- a PTFE molded body having a high dielectric constant and a low dielectric loss tangent can be easily realized. Further, even when the PTFE molded body is applied to a dielectric waveguide, the dielectric waveguide is not easily damaged and is not easily blocked or broken.
- the hardness is a hardness according to JIS A.
- the hardness is measured with a spring-type hardness meter (JIS-A type) specified in JIS K6301-1975.
- the said PTFE molded object contains PTFE.
- the PTFE may be a homopolymer of TFE or a modified PTFE modified with other monomers.
- the modified PTFE is PTFE composed of tetrafluoroethylene [TFE] and a monomer other than TFE (hereinafter also referred to as “modifier”).
- TFE tetrafluoroethylene
- modifier a monomer other than TFE
- the modified PTFE may be uniformly modified or a modified PTFE having a core-shell structure described later.
- the modified PTFE is composed of a TFE unit based on TFE and a modifier unit based on a modifier.
- the modifier unit is preferably 0.005 to 1% by mass of the total monomer units. More preferably, it is 0.02 to 0.5% by mass.
- the “modifier unit” is a part of the molecular structure of the modified PTFE, and means a repeating unit derived from a comonomer used as a modifier.
- the above modifier unit is represented by — [CF 2 —CF (—OC 3 F 7 )] — when perfluoropropyl vinyl ether is used as the modifier, and — [CF 2 when hexafluoropropylene is used. 2 -CF (-CF 3 )]-.
- the modifier is not particularly limited as long as it can be copolymerized with TFE.
- a perfluoroolefin such as hexafluoropropylene [HFP]; a chlorofluoroolefin such as chlorotrifluoroethylene [CTFE];
- HFP hexafluoropropylene
- CFE chlorofluoroolefin
- HFP hexafluoropropylene
- CTFE chlorofluoroolefin
- Examples thereof include hydrogen-containing fluoroolefins such as trifluoroethylene and vinylidene fluoride [VDF]; perfluorovinyl ether; perfluoroalkylethylene and ethylene.
- VDF trifluoroethylene and vinylidene fluoride
- perfluorovinyl ether perfluoroalkylethylene and ethylene.
- 1 type may be sufficient as the modifier used, and multiple types may be sufficient as it.
- the perfluorovinyl ether is not particularly limited.
- Rf represents a perfluoro organic group
- the “perfluoro organic group” means an organic group in which all hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms are substituted with fluorine atoms.
- the perfluoro organic group may have ether oxygen.
- perfluorovinyl ether examples include perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) [PAVE] in which Rf is a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the above general formula.
- the perfluoroalkyl group preferably has 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the perfluoroalkyl group in the PAVE include a perfluoromethyl group, a perfluoroethyl group, a perfluoropropyl group, a perfluorobutyl group, a perfluoropentyl group, and a perfluorohexyl group.
- the group is preferably a perfluoropropyl group. That is, the PAVE is preferably perfluoropropyl vinyl ether [PPVE].
- Rf is a perfluoro (alkoxyalkyl) group having 4 to 9 carbon atoms in the above general formula, and Rf is represented by the following formula:
- Rf is the following formula:
- n an integer of 1 to 4.
- the perfluoroalkylethylene is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include (perfluorobutyl) ethylene (PFBE) and (perfluorohexyl) ethylene.
- the modifying agent in the modified PTFE is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of HFP, CTFE, VDF, PAVE, PFAE, and ethylene. PAVE is more preferable, and PPVE is still more preferable.
- the modified PTFE may have a core-shell structure composed of a particle core and a particle shell.
- the PTFE preferably has fibrillation properties.
- the presence or absence of fibrillation can be determined by “paste extrusion” which is a typical method for forming “high molecular weight PTFE powder” which is a powder made from a TFE polymer.
- paste extrusion is possible because high molecular weight PTFE has fibrillation properties.
- an unfired molded product obtained by paste extrusion does not have substantial strength or elongation, for example, when the elongation breaks when pulled at 0%, it can be considered that there is no fibrillation property.
- the PTFE preferably has non-melt processability.
- the above-mentioned non-melt processability means the property that the melt flow rate cannot be measured at a temperature higher than the crystallization melting point in accordance with ASTM D-1238 and D-2116.
- the PTFE preferably has a standard specific gravity [SSG] of 2.13 to 2.23, and more preferably 2.15 to 2.19.
- the standard specific gravity is a value measured by an underwater substitution method in accordance with ASTM D-4895 98.
- the PTFE preferably has a first melting point of 333 to 347 ° C. More preferably, it is 335 to 345 ° C.
- the first melting point corresponds to the maximum value in the heat of fusion curve when the temperature is increased at a rate of 10 ° C./minute using a differential scanning calorimeter [DSC] for PTFE that has not been heated to a temperature of 300 ° C. or higher. Temperature.
- the high molecular weight PTFE has a first melting point of preferably 333 to 347 ° C, more preferably 335 to 345 ° C.
- the low molecular weight PTFE has a first melting point of preferably 322 to 333 ° C, and more preferably 324 to 332 ° C.
- the first melting point corresponds to the maximum value in the heat of fusion curve when the temperature is increased at a rate of 10 ° C./minute using a differential scanning calorimeter [DSC] for PTFE that has not been heated to a temperature of 300 ° C. or higher. Temperature.
- the mass ratio of the high molecular weight PTFE and the low molecular weight PTFE is preferably 80/20 to 99/1, more preferably 85/15 to 97/3, and 90/10 to 95/5. More preferably it is.
- the PTFE molded body may be a molded body made of a resin other than the PTFE and the PTFE.
- the resin other than the PTFE include TFE / hexafluoropropylene [HFP] copolymer [FEP], TFE / perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) [PAVE] copolymer [PFA], ethylene / TFE copolymer [ ETFE], polyvinylidene fluoride [PVdF], polychlorotrifluoroethylene [PCTFE], polypropylene, polyethylene and the like.
- the PTFE molded product may contain other components.
- the other components include a surfactant, an antioxidant, a light stabilizer, a fluorescent brightener, a colorant, a pigment, a dye, and a filler.
- powders or fiber powders of carbon black, graphite, alumina, mica, silicon carbide, boron nitride, titanium oxide, bismuth oxide, bronze, gold, silver, copper, nickel, and the like are also included.
- the PTFE molded product may include high dielectric constant inorganic particles as the other component.
- high dielectric constant inorganic particles include barium titanate, calcium titanate, strontium titanate, magnesium titanate, lead titanate, zinc titanate, lead zirconate, calcium zirconate, strontium zirconate, and barium zirconate titanate. And lead zirconate titanate.
- the PTFE molded product Even if the PTFE molded product contains a resin other than the PTFE and the other components, the PTFE molded product preferably contains 99.0% by mass or more of the PTFE with respect to the molded product. It is more preferable that the content of PTFE is at least%.
- the PTFE molded body can be obtained by heating the unsintered PTFE under the condition that the unsintered PTFE can be discharged to the outside and at the same time the unsintered PTFE is not completely fired. Is preferred.
- the PTFE molded product is preferably obtained, for example, by heating unsintered PTFE at 326 to 345 ° C. for 10 seconds to 2 hours.
- the heating temperature is more preferably 330 ° C. or higher.
- the unsintered PTFE is PTFE having no history of heating to 326 ° C. or higher, and is preferably PTFE having no history of heating to 300 ° C. or higher.
- a manufacturing method for obtaining the above-mentioned PTFE molded product, which comprises a step of heating unsintered PTFE at 326 to 345 ° C. for 10 seconds to 2 hours, is a novel manufacturing method.
- the air contained in the unsintered PTFE is released to the outside, so that it is presumed that a PTFE molded body having a high dielectric constant can be obtained. Moreover, since unsintered PTFE is not completely fired, it is presumed that a PTFE molded product having a low dielectric loss tangent can be obtained.
- the above heating can be performed using a salt bath, a sand bath, a hot air circulation type electric furnace or the like, but is preferably performed using a salt bath in terms of easy control of heating conditions. It is also advantageous in that the heating time is shortened within the above range. Heating using the salt bath can be performed using, for example, a coated cable manufacturing apparatus described in JP-A-2002-157930.
- the molded body is preferably obtained without heating unsintered PTFE above 345 ° C. Once heated to over 345 ° C., the crystallinity originally possessed by the unfired PTFE collapses, and there is a possibility that a PTFE molded product having a high crystallinity cannot be obtained.
- a PTFE molded product obtained by heating unsintered PTFE at 326 to 345 ° C. for 10 seconds to 2 hours without heating to over 345 ° C. has a crystallinity equivalent to that of the unsintered PTFE. And has a high dielectric constant and a low dielectric loss tangent.
- the degree of firing PTFE is proportional to the dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent.
- semi-fired PTFE has a higher dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent than unfired PTFE
- fully fired PTFE has a higher dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent. It is described as high.
- the dielectric loss tangent is not so high as compared with unfired PTFE, contrary to conventional common sense, It has been found that the dielectric constant is higher than that of completely fired PTFE.
- the above knowledge is a knowledge that can be found for the first time by using a salt bath that requires skill in operation, and by setting the heating conditions that could not be realized conventionally.
- the unsintered PTFE is preferably obtained by paste extrusion molding a mixture of unsintered PTFE powder and an extrusion aid.
- the extrusion aid may be removed by drying the obtained extrudate after paste extrusion molding.
- the mixture may be obtained by mixing unsintered PTFE powder and an extrusion aid by a known method, aging for 1 to 24 hours, and preforming at a pressure of 0.5 to 2.0 MPa. Good.
- the paste extrusion can be performed at an extrusion pressure of 2 to 100 MPa.
- the shape of the PTFE molded body is not particularly limited, and can be a shape that matches the characteristics required for the dielectric waveguide.
- the cross-sectional shape may be a rectangle, a circle, an ellipse, a ring, etc.
- the PTFE molded body can be suitably manufactured by a dielectric waveguide transmission method described later.
- the present invention includes a step of heating unsintered PTFE at 326 to 345 ° C. for 10 seconds to 2 hours to obtain a molded product of PTFE, and a step of manufacturing a dielectric waveguide using the PTFE molded product. This is also a method for manufacturing a dielectric waveguide.
- the heating time of the unsintered PTFE varies depending on the diameter of the unsintered PTFE, the heating temperature, and the equipment used for heating. For example, when the unfired PTFE has a diameter of 0.1 mm to 6 mm and is heated with a salt bath, it is preferably 10 seconds to 10 minutes, more preferably 30 seconds to 6 minutes.
- the unfired PTFE When the unfired PTFE has a diameter of 0.1 mm to 6 mm and is heated in a hot air circulating electric furnace, it is preferably 3 minutes to 2 hours, more preferably 10 minutes to 30 minutes. Further, when the diameter of the unsintered PTFE is more than 6 mm to 20 mm and heated by a salt bath, it is preferably 1 minute to 20 minutes, more preferably 3 minutes to 10 minutes. When the unfired PTFE has a diameter of more than 6 mm to 20 mm and is heated in a hot air circulation type electric furnace, it is preferably 10 minutes to 2 hours, more preferably 30 minutes to 1 hour.
- the above manufacturing method is A step of paste extrusion molding a mixture of unsintered PTFE powder and an extrusion aid to obtain a unsintered PTFE molded body, Drying the green PTFE molded body to remove the extrusion aid; Heating the dried molded body at 326 to 345 ° C. for 10 seconds to 2 hours; and It is preferable to include a step of manufacturing a dielectric waveguide using the PTFE molded body.
- the heating temperature and the heating time are the shape and size of the PTFE molded product, the heating medium (molten salt such as a 1: 1 mixture of hot air, potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate, and powder such as sand for sand bath). It changes suitably in the said range by the above.
- the above production method preferably does not include any step of heating unsintered PTFE to above 345 ° C. Since a method for manufacturing a dielectric waveguide using the PTFE molded body is different depending on characteristics required for the dielectric waveguide, it will be described in an experimental example described later.
- the first and second dielectric waveguide lines preferably include the PTFE molded body as a waveguide medium. Further, the first dielectric waveguide line is preferably a dielectric waveguide line that transmits a high frequency wave such as a millimeter wave or a submillimeter wave using a dielectric constant difference between dielectrics. Since the PTFE molded body in the first dielectric waveguide has a high dielectric constant and a low dielectric loss tangent, it is excellent in transmission efficiency when combined with a dielectric having a low dielectric constant and a low dielectric loss tangent. A dielectric waveguide line is realized.
- first and second dielectric waveguide lines cylindrical dielectric lines, tube-shaped dielectric lines, image lines, insulin image lines, trapped image lines, rib guides, strip dielectric lines, reverse strip lines, H guide, non-radiative dielectric line (NRD guide), etc. are mentioned.
- the dielectric waveguide shown in FIG. 1 is a cylindrical dielectric line having a circular cross section.
- a central dielectric 11 is provided, and a dielectric layer 12 is further provided around it.
- the central dielectric 11 can be composed of the PTFE molded body.
- the dielectric layer 12 in the first dielectric waveguide line can be made of a material having a dielectric constant lower than that of the PTFE molded body. With these structures, high frequencies such as millimeter waves and submillimeter waves can be increased. It can be transmitted efficiently.
- the dielectric layer 12 can be formed, for example, by winding an expanded PTFE porous material or foamed polyethylene around the central dielectric 11.
- the PTFE molded body in the first dielectric waveguide line has a high dielectric constant
- the central dielectric 11 is composed of the PTFE molded body
- the difference in dielectric constant between the central dielectric 11 and the dielectric layer 12 is determined. Can be increased.
- the center dielectric 11 in the first dielectric waveguide line has a low dielectric loss tangent, a dielectric waveguide line capable of transmitting a high frequency with high efficiency can be realized.
- a protective layer 13 for protecting the central dielectric 11 and the dielectric layer 12 is further provided on the outer periphery of the dielectric layer 12. Is optional.
- the protective layer 13 can be comprised from the material conventionally used for the protective layer (sheath layer) of electric wires, such as polyvinyl chloride and polyolefin.
- the first dielectric waveguide line preferably includes the PTFE molded body as a central dielectric.
- the first dielectric waveguide line preferably further includes a dielectric layer provided around the central dielectric.
- the dielectric layer preferably has a dielectric constant of 2.90 GHz or less at 2.45 GHz or 12 GHz.
- the dielectric layer is preferably made of a material having a dielectric loss tangent of 2.000 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 or less at 2.45 GHz or 12 GHz. That is, a PTFE molded body as a central dielectric and a dielectric layer provided around the central dielectric are provided, and the dielectric layer has a dielectric constant of 1.90 or less at 2.45 GHz or 12 GHz.
- a dielectric waveguide line made of a material having a dielectric loss tangent at 2.45 GHz or 12 GHz of 2.00 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 or less is also a preferred embodiment of the first dielectric waveguide line of the present invention. It is.
- the dielectric constant of the material constituting the dielectric layer is more preferably 1.70 or less, further preferably 1.50 or less, and 1.30 or less. Particularly preferred is 1.03 or more.
- the dielectric loss tangent of the material constituting the dielectric layer is more preferably 1.00 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 or less, and 0.60 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 or less. More preferably, it is particularly preferably 0.30 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 or less.
- the material constituting the dielectric layer include expanded PTFE porous material and polyethylene foam.
- the expanded PTFE porous body may be an expanded PTFE porous film obtained by stretching a sheet-like PTFE molded body, or an expanded PTFE porous body obtained by stretching a tubular PTFE molded body. It may be a tube.
- the expanded PTFE porous body can be produced by a conventionally known method.
- the dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent of the expanded PTFE porous material can be appropriately controlled by stretching conditions such as a stretching ratio, a stretching speed, and a stretching temperature. For example, the higher the draw ratio, the lower both the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss tangent.
- the dielectric waveguide of FIG. 2 is an insulator image line.
- the dielectric 21 is provided on the conductor substrate 23 via the dielectric 22.
- the dielectric 21 can be constituted by the PTFE molded body provided in the first dielectric waveguide.
- the dielectric 22 can be made of a material having a dielectric constant lower than that of the PTFE molded body included in the first dielectric waveguide line.
- the PTFE molded body in the first dielectric waveguide line has a higher dielectric constant than that of the conventional PTFE molded body, the dielectric 21 and the dielectric 22 even if the dielectric 22 is formed of the conventional PTFE molded body. A difference in dielectric constant can be provided between the two.
- the dielectric loss tangent of the dielectric 21 is low, a dielectric waveguide that can transmit millimeter waves with high efficiency can be realized.
- a conductor substrate 23 may be further provided on the dielectric 21.
- An adhesive layer may be provided between the dielectric 21, the dielectric 22, and the conductor substrate 23.
- the adhesive layer can be formed of, for example, a fluororesin sheet having an adhesive function.
- fluororesin sheet examples include a sheet made of a tetrafluoroethylene / perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer (PFA) having an adhesive functional group such as a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, and an amino group.
- PFA tetrafluoroethylene / perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer
- the dielectric waveguide may be an image line (not shown).
- the PTFE molded body When the PTFE molded body is used as the dielectric of the image line, the PTFE molded body has a low dielectric loss tangent and a high dielectric constant, so that the diameter of the dielectric can be reduced. It becomes possible to reduce the size.
- the dielectric waveguide of FIG. 3 is a non-radiative dielectric line (NRD guide).
- the dielectric waveguide shown in FIG. 3 includes a pair of conductive plates 31a and 31b, and a dielectric 32 sandwiched between the conductive plates 31a and 31b.
- the dielectric 32 can be constituted by the PTFE molded body provided in the first dielectric waveguide. Since the PTFE molded body provided in the first dielectric waveguide has a low dielectric loss tangent and a high dielectric constant, the wire diameter of the dielectric 32 can be reduced, and the NRD guide can be reduced in size. It becomes possible.
- the adhesive layer may be provided between each of the conductive plates 31 a and 31 b and the dielectric 32.
- the adhesive layer can be formed of, for example, a fluororesin sheet having an adhesive function.
- the fluororesin sheet include a sheet made of a tetrafluoroethylene / perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer (PFA) having an adhesive functional group such as a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, and an amino group.
- the dielectric may be composed of a dielectric 41 and a dielectric 42 having a dielectric constant lower than that of the dielectric 41.
- the dielectric 41 when a high frequency is input / output via the dielectric 42 having a low dielectric constant, reflection of the high frequency can be suppressed as compared with a case where the high frequency is directly input / output to the dielectric 41 having a high dielectric constant, Easy high-frequency input / output.
- the PTFE molded body has a dielectric constant higher than that of the conventional PTFE molded body, if the dielectric 41 is composed of the PTFE molded body provided in the first dielectric waveguide, the dielectric 42 is formed by the conventional PTFE molded body. Even when configured by a body, a difference in dielectric constant can be provided between the dielectric 41 and the dielectric 42.
- the dielectric waveguide shown in FIG. 1 is a cylindrical dielectric line having a circular cross section.
- a central dielectric 11 is provided as the dielectric A
- a dielectric layer 12 is provided as a dielectric B around the dielectric 11.
- the central dielectric 11 is composed of the PTFE molded body.
- ⁇ dielectric constant
- millimeter waves and submillimeter waves are provided. It is possible to transmit high frequencies such as high efficiency.
- the appropriate diameter of the central dielectric 11 is determined by the frequency and the dielectric constant of the central dielectric. Generally, when the frequency is from 1 GHz to 1 THz, it is from 0.1 mm to 100 mm.
- the dielectric layer 12 can be formed by, for example, winding a stretched PTFE porous material, foamed polyethylene or the like around the central dielectric 11.
- a protective layer 13 for protecting the central dielectric 11 and the dielectric layer 12 is further provided on the outer periphery of the dielectric layer 12. Is optional.
- the protective layer 13 can be comprised from the material conventionally used for the protective layer (sheath layer) of electric wires, such as polyvinyl chloride and polyolefin.
- the dielectric waveguide of FIG. 2 is an insulator image line.
- the dielectric 21 as the dielectric A is provided on the conductor substrate 23 via the dielectric 22 as the dielectric B.
- the dielectric 21 is composed of the PTFE molded body.
- the conductor substrate 23 may be a metal plate.
- a difference in dielectric constant ( ⁇ ) is provided between the dielectric constant ⁇ A of the dielectric 21 and the dielectric constant ⁇ B of the dielectric 22, so that millimeter waves, submillimeter waves, etc. High frequency can be transmitted with high efficiency.
- the dielectric 22 can be formed of expanded PTFE porous material, foamed polyethylene or the like.
- a conductor substrate 23 may be further provided on the dielectric 21.
- An adhesive layer may be provided between the dielectric 21, the dielectric 22, and the conductor substrate 23.
- the adhesive layer can be formed of, for example, a fluororesin sheet having an adhesive function.
- the fluororesin sheet include a sheet made of a tetrafluoroethylene / perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer (PFA) having an adhesive functional group such as a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, and an amino group.
- the dielectric waveguide of FIG. 4 is a non-radiative dielectric line (NRD guide).
- the dielectric waveguide shown in FIG. 4 includes a pair of conductive plates 43a and 43b, a dielectric 41 as the dielectric A, and a dielectric 42 as the dielectric B.
- the dielectric 41 and the dielectric 42 is sandwiched between the conductive plates 43a and 43b.
- a dielectric constant difference ( ⁇ ) is provided between the dielectric constant ⁇ A of the dielectric 41 and the dielectric constant ⁇ B of the dielectric 42, the dielectric 42 having a low dielectric constant is provided.
- the dielectric 41 is constituted by the PTFE molded body.
- the conductive plates 43a and 43b may be metal plates.
- the dielectric 42 can be formed of expanded PTFE porous material, foamed polyethylene, or the like.
- An adhesive layer may be provided between the conductive plate 43 a and the dielectrics 41 and 42 and / or between the conductive plate 43 b and the dielectrics 41 and 42.
- the adhesive layer can be formed of, for example, a fluororesin sheet having an adhesive function.
- the fluororesin sheet include a sheet made of a tetrafluoroethylene / perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer (PFA) having an adhesive functional group such as a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, and an amino group.
- the expanded PTFE porous body may be an expanded PTFE porous film obtained by stretching a sheet-like PTFE molded body, or an expanded PTFE porous body obtained by stretching a tubular PTFE molded body. It may be a tube.
- the expanded PTFE porous body can be produced by a conventionally known method.
- the dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent of the expanded PTFE porous material can be appropriately controlled by stretching conditions such as a stretching ratio, a stretching speed, and a stretching temperature. For example, the higher the draw ratio, the lower both the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss tangent.
- Dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent (tan ⁇ ) The dielectric constant measurement and dielectric loss tangent (tan ⁇ ) measurement of the cylindrical PTFE molded body, tube-shaped PTFE molded body, and expanded PTFE porous tube are performed by a cavity resonator (2.45 GHz) manufactured by Kanto Electronics Application Development Co., Ltd. Measurement of dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent (tan ⁇ ) of flat plate PTFE molded body and expanded PTFE porous film is based on MW87-7 “Microwave complex dielectric constant measurement of dielectric flat plate material” by Prof. Kobayashi, Saitama University (12 GHz) .
- Hardness was measured with a spring-type hardness meter (JIS-A type) defined in JIS K6301-1975.
- Experimental example 1 A PTFE paste was prepared by mixing 400 g of a hydrocarbon solvent with 2 kg of PTFE fine powder having a standard specific gravity (SSG) of 2.175.
- the PTFE paste was molded by paste extrusion molding using an extrusion die having a diameter of 2.0 mm to obtain a cylindrical and unfired PTFE molded body (A).
- the obtained PTFE molded body (A) is placed in a hot air circulation type electric furnace, and the temperature is raised stepwise from 100 ° C. to 250 ° C., and the hydrocarbon solvent is removed by evaporation to obtain a cylindrical PTFE molded body. (B) was obtained.
- the obtained cylindrical PTFE compact (B) was placed in a salt bath (1: 1 mixture of molten salt potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate) and heated to obtain a cylindrical PTFE compact (C).
- the diameter after heating was 1.95 mm. Table 1 shows the heating temperature, time, and results.
- Experimental example 3 In the same manner as in Experimental Example 1, a dried cylindrical PTFE molded product (B) was obtained. The dried cylindrical PTFE molded body (B) was placed in a hot air circulating electric furnace and heated. Table 1 shows the heating temperature, time, and results.
- Experimental Example 4 A PTFE paste was prepared by mixing 400 g of a hydrocarbon solvent with 2 kg of PTFE fine powder having a standard specific gravity (SSG) of 2.175.
- SSG standard specific gravity
- the PTFE paste was extruded onto a silver-plated copper-coated steel wire having a diameter of 0.511 mm by paste extrusion using an extrusion die having a diameter of 2.2 mm to obtain a PTFE-coated metal wire.
- the PTFE-coated metal wire was installed in a hot air circulation type electric furnace, and the temperature was raised stepwise from 100 ° C. to 250 ° C. to remove the hydrocarbon solvent by evaporation.
- the dried PTFE-coated metal wire was placed in a salt bath and heated. Table 1 shows the heating temperature and time.
- Experimental Example 5 A PTFE paste was prepared by mixing 600 g of a hydrocarbon solvent with 2 kg of PTFE fine powder having a standard specific gravity (SSG) of 2.160.
- the PTFE paste was molded by paste extrusion using a ⁇ 16 mm extrusion die to obtain a cylindrical PTFE molded body.
- the said cylindrical PTFE molded object was shape
- the obtained flat plate-shaped PTFE molded product (D) is placed in a hot air circulation type electric furnace, the temperature is raised stepwise from 100 ° C. to 250 ° C., and the hydrocarbon solvent is removed by evaporation, so that the flat plate-shaped PTFE molded product is obtained. (E) was obtained.
- the flat plate-shaped PTFE molded product (E) was cut into 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm, immersed in a salt bath, and heated to obtain a flat plate-shaped PTFE molded product (F).
- Table 1 shows the heating temperature, time, and results.
- Experimental Example 6 The flat plate-shaped PTFE molded product (E) obtained in Experimental Example 5 was stretched 5 times in the length direction in a 250 ° C. atmosphere by a uniaxial stretching machine to obtain a stretched PTFE porous membrane G (thickness: 200 ⁇ m).
- the obtained expanded porous PTFE film G had a dielectric constant of 1.41 and a dielectric loss tangent of 0.4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 as measured by the cavity resonator plate method.
- Experimental Example 7 An expanded PTFE porous membrane H was obtained in the same manner as in Experimental Example 6 except that the stretching ratio was changed to 15.
- the dielectric constant measured by the cavity resonator plate method was 1.07, and the dielectric loss tangent was 0.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 .
- Experimental Example 8 A PTFE paste was prepared by mixing 410 g of a hydrocarbon solvent with 2 kg of PTFE fine powder having a standard specific gravity (SSG) of 2.175.
- a tubular and unfired PTFE molded body was obtained by paste extrusion molding using an extrusion die of ⁇ 6.2 mm and a core pin of ⁇ 2.2 mm.
- the obtained tube-shaped unfired PTFE compact was placed in a hot-air circulating electric furnace, and the temperature was raised stepwise from 100 ° C. to 250 ° C. to remove the hydrocarbon solvent by evaporation.
- the dried and tube-shaped unfired PTFE molded body was stretched 5 times in the length direction in a 250 ° C. atmosphere by a uniaxial stretching machine, and expanded PTFE porous tube I (outer diameter: 6.0 mm, inner diameter: 2. 0 mm).
- expanded PTFE porous tube I outer diameter: 6.0 mm, inner diameter: 2. 0 mm.
- the dielectric constant measured by the cavity resonator plate method was 1.20 and the dielectric loss tangent was 0.3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 .
- Experimental Example 9 A cylindrical PTFE molded body C (dielectric constant 2.14, diameter 1.95 mm) obtained in Experimental Example 1 as a central dielectric, and a stretched PTFE porous film G (dielectric) obtained in Example 6 as a dielectric layer. Wrapping a tape with a slit ratio of 1.41 and a dielectric loss tangent of 0.4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ) to a width of 5 mm, the thickness is set to 2.0 mm, and the difference ⁇ between the center dielectric and the dielectric layer is 0. 73, a HE11 hybrid mode cylindrical dielectric line having a diameter of 6.0 mm was obtained.
- Experimental Example 10 The cylindrical PTFE molded body C (dielectric constant 2.14, diameter 1.95 mm) obtained in Experimental Example 1 as the central dielectric, and the expanded PTFE porous tube I (dielectric) obtained in Example 8 as the dielectric layer.
- HE1 hybrid mode cylindrical dielectric having a dielectric constant of 1.20 and a dielectric loss tangent of 0.3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ), a difference ⁇ between the central dielectric and the dielectric layer of 0.94, and a diameter of 6.0 mm I got the track.
- Experimental Example 11 A cylindrical PTFE molded body (dielectric constant 2.19, diameter 1.95 mm) obtained in Experimental Example 3 as a central dielectric, and an expanded PTFE porous film H (dielectric constant) obtained in Example 7 as a dielectric layer. 1.07, dielectric tangent 0.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ) was further slit to a width of 5 mm, the thickness was set to 2.0 mm, and the difference ⁇ in the dielectric constant between the central dielectric and the dielectric layer was 1.12. A HE11 hybrid mode cylindrical dielectric line having a diameter of 6.0 mm was obtained.
- Experimental Example 12 An insulator image line was fabricated with the layer structure described below.
- First layer Copper foil (conductor substrate)
- Second layer PFA sheet having an adhesive function (thickness: 12.5 ⁇ m)
- Third layer flat plate-shaped PTFE molded product (F) obtained in Experimental Example 5 (dielectric constant: 2.14)
- Fourth layer PFA sheet having an adhesive function (thickness 12.5 ⁇ m)
- Fifth layer expanded PTFE porous film G obtained in Experimental Example 6 (dielectric constant: 1.41, dielectric loss tangent 0.4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 )
- Sixth layer PFA sheet having an adhesive function (thickness: 12.5 ⁇ m)
- Seventh layer Copper foil (conductor substrate)
- press bonding was performed at a pressure of 1.0 MPa for 10 minutes with a 310 ° C. press.
- the first and seventh layers and part of each layer were removed by etching to produce an HE11 mode insulin image line.
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Abstract
Description
ポリテトラフルオロエチレン成形体についての研究は、ポリテトラフルオロエチレンに通常期待される誘電率及び誘電正接よりも、誘電率及び誘電正接の両方を低下させることを目的としていたので、高い誘電率を有すると同時に、低い誘電正接を有するポリテトラフルオロエチレン成形体を得る試みはなされていなかった。しかしながら、本発明者らは、高い誘電率を有すると同時に、低い誘電正接を有するポリテトラフルオロエチレン成形体を製造することに成功した。本発明は、この成功に基づいて完成した発明である。
本発明の第1の誘電体導波線路は、高い誘電率と低い誘電正接を有するポリテトラフルオロエチレン成形体を備えるものであることから、ミリ波及びサブミリ波の伝送効率が高い。
本発明の第2の誘電体導波線路は、上記の構成を備えることから、ミリ波及びサブミリ波の伝送効率が高い。
また、上記誘電率及び誘電正接は、上記PTFE成形体の形状が平板である場合、埼玉大学小林教授のMW87-7「誘電体平板材料のマイクロ波複素誘電率測定」に従って、12GHzで測定する。
CF2=CF-ORf
(式中、Rfは、パーフルオロ有機基を表す。)で表されるパーフルオロ不飽和化合物等が挙げられる。本明細書において、上記「パーフルオロ有機基」とは、炭素原子に結合する水素原子が全てフッ素原子に置換されてなる有機基を意味する。上記パーフルオロ有機基は、エーテル酸素を有していてもよい。
しかしながら、本発明者らが鋭意検討した結果、従来は実施されていなかった条件でPTFEを加熱すると、従来の常識に反して、未焼成のPTFEと比べて、誘電正接がそれほど高くならず、一方で、誘電率が完全に焼成したPTFEよりも高くなることが見出された。
上記の知見は、運用に熟練した技術が要求されるソルトバスを使用し、従来は実現できなかった加熱条件を細く設定できたことにより、初めて見出すことができた知見である。
上記未焼成PTFEの加熱時間は、上記未焼成PTFEの直径、加熱温度、加熱に使用する設備によって異なる。
例えば、上記未焼成PTFEの直径が0.1mm~6mmで、ソルトバスで加熱する場合は10秒~10分が好ましく、30秒~6分がより好ましい。
上記未焼成PTFEの直径が0.1mm~6mmで、熱風循環式電気炉で加熱する場合は3分~2時間が好ましく、10分~30分がより好ましい。
また、上記未焼成PTFEの直径が6mm超~20mmで、ソルトバスで加熱する場合は1分~20分が好ましく、3分~10分がより好ましい。
上記未焼成PTFEの直径が6mm超~20mmで、熱風循環式電気炉で加熱する場合は10分~2時間が好ましく、30分~1時間がより好ましい。
未焼成PTFEの粉末と押出助剤とからなる混合物をペースト押出成形して未焼成PTFEの成形体を得る工程、
上記未焼成PTFEの成形体を乾燥して押出助剤を除去する工程、
乾燥させた上記成形体を326~345℃で10秒~2時間加熱する工程、及び、
上記PTFE成形体を用いて誘電体導波線路を製造する工程
を含むことが好ましい。
上記PTFE成形体を用いて誘電体導波線路を製造する方法については、誘電体導波線路に要求される特性によって相違するので、後述する実験例等で説明する。
誘電体層12は、例えば、延伸PTFE多孔質体、発泡ポリエチレン等を中心誘電体11に巻きつけて形成することができる。
円柱状PTFE成形体、チューブ状PTFE成形体、および延伸PTFE多孔質チューブの誘電率測定及び誘電正接(tanδ)の測定は、株式会社関東電子応用開発製空洞共振器(2.45GHz)による。
平板状PTFE成形体と延伸PTFE多孔質膜の誘電率測定及び誘電正接(tanδ)の測定は、埼玉大学小林教授のMW87-7「誘電体平板材料のマイクロ波複素誘電率測定」(12GHz)による。
JIS K6301-1975に規定されていたスプリング式硬さ計(JIS-A形)により硬さを測定した。
液中ひょう量法(JIS Z 8807準拠)により測定した。
標準比重(SSG)が2.175であるPTFEファインパウダー2kgに炭化水素系溶剤を400g混合して、PTFEペーストを作製した。
加熱温度及び加熱時間を表1記載の通り変更した以外は実験例1と同様に円柱状PTFE成形体を得た。結果を表1に示す。
実験例1と同様にして、乾燥させた円柱状PTFE成形体(B)を得た。乾燥後の円柱状PTFE成形体(B)を熱風循環式電気炉内へ入れて加熱を行った。加熱の温度、時間及び結果を表1に示す。
標準比重(SSG)が2.175であるPTFEファインパウダー2kgに炭化水素系溶剤を400g混合して、PTFEペーストを作製した。
標準比重(SSG)が2.160であるPTFEファインパウダー2kgに炭化水素系溶剤を600g混合して、PTFEペーストを作製した。
実験例5で得られた平板状PTFE成形体(E)を一軸延伸機で250℃雰囲気中で長さ方向に5倍に延伸し、延伸PTFE多孔質膜G(厚み200μm)を得た。
得られた延伸PTFE多孔質膜Gについて、上記空洞共振器平板法で測定した誘電率は1.41、誘電正接は0.4×10-4であった。
延伸倍率を15倍に変更する以外は実験例6と同様にして、延伸PTFE多孔質膜Hを得た。上記空洞共振器平板法で測定した誘電率は1.07、誘電正接は0.1×10-4であった。
標準比重(SSG)が2.175であるPTFEファインパウダー2kgに炭化水素系溶剤を410g混合して、PTFEペーストを作製した。
得られた延伸PTFE多孔質チューブIについて、上記空洞共振器平板法で測定した誘電率は1.20、誘電正接は0.3×10-4であった。
中心誘電体として実験例1で得られた円柱状PTFE成形体C(誘電率2.14、直径1.95mm)に、誘電体層として実施例6で得られた延伸PTFE多孔質膜G(誘電率1.41、誘電正接0.4×10-4)を更に5mm幅にスリットしたテープを巻きつけ、厚みを2.0mmとし、中心誘電体と誘電体層の誘電率の差Δεが0.73、直径6.0mmのHE11混成モードの円柱状誘電体線路を得た。
中心誘電体として実験例1で得られた円柱状PTFE成形体C(誘電率2.14、直径1.95mm)を、誘電体層として実施例8で得られた延伸PTFE多孔質チューブI(誘電率1.20、誘電正接0.3×10-4)に挿入し、中心誘電体と誘電体層の誘電率の差Δεが0.94、直径6.0mmのHE11混成モードの円柱状誘電体線路を得た。
中心誘電体として実験例3で得られた円柱状PTFE成形体(誘電率2.19、直径1.95mm)に、誘電体層として実施例7で得られた延伸PTFE多孔質膜H(誘電率1.07、誘電正接0.1×10-4)を更に5mm幅にスリットしたテープを巻きつけ、厚みを2.0mmとし、中心誘電体と誘電体層の誘電率の差Δεが1.12、直径6.0mmのHE11混成モードの円柱状誘電体線路を得た。
以下に記載する層構造にてインシュラーイメージ線路を作製した。
第1の層:銅箔(導体基板)
第2の層:接着機能をもつPFAシート(厚み12.5μm)
第3の層:実験例5で得られた平板状PTFE成形体(F)(誘電率:2.14)
第4の層:接着機能をもつPFAシート(厚み12.5μm)
第5の層:実験例6で得られた延伸PTFE多孔質膜G(誘電率:1.41、誘電正接0.4×10-4)
第6の層:接着機能をもつPFAシート(厚み12.5μm)
第7の層:銅箔(導体基板)
12 誘電体層
13 保護層
21、22 誘電体
23 導体基板
31a、31b、43a、43b 導電板
32、41、42 誘電体
Claims (10)
- 2.45GHz又は12GHzにおける誘電率が2.05以上であり、2.45GHz又は12GHzにおける誘電正接が1.20×10-4以下であり、硬度が95以上であるポリテトラフルオロエチレン成形体を備えることを特徴とする誘電体導波線路。
- 前記ポリテトラフルオロエチレン成形体は、未焼成ポリテトラフルオロエチレンを326~345℃で10秒~2時間加熱することにより得られる請求項1記載の誘電体導波線路。
- 中心誘電体としてポリテトラフルオロエチレン成形体を備えており、更に前記中心誘電体の周囲に設けられた誘電体層を備えており、前記誘電体層は、2.45GHz又は12GHzにおける誘電率が1.90以下であり、2.45GHz又は12GHzにおける誘電正接が2.00×10-4以下である材料からなる請求項1又は2記載の誘電体導波線路。
- 更に、導体基板と、前記ポリテトラフルオロエチレン成形体よりも誘電率が低い材料により構成された誘電体と、を備えており、前記ポリテトラフルオロエチレン成形体が前記誘電体を介して前記導体基板上に設けられている請求項1又は2記載の誘電体導波線路。
- 更に、一対の導電板を備えており、前記ポリテトラフルオロエチレン成形体が前記一対の導電板に挟着されている請求項1又は2記載の誘電体導波線路。
- 未焼成ポリテトラフルオロエチレンを326~345℃で10秒~2時間加熱してポリテトラフルオロエチレンの成形体を得る工程、及び、
前記ポリテトラフルオロエチレン成形体を用いて誘電体導波線路を製造する工程、
を含むことを特徴とする誘電体導波線路の製造方法。 - 誘電体Aと、誘電体Aよりも誘電率が低い誘電体Bとを備える誘電体導波線路であって、
誘電体Aはポリテトラフルオロエチレン成形体により構成されており、
誘電体Aの2.45GHz又は12GHzにおける誘電率をεA、誘電体Bの2.45GHz又は12GHzにおける誘電率をεB、誘電体Aと誘電体Bとの誘電率の差をΔε=εA-εBと表すとき、Δεが0.70以上である
ことを特徴とする誘電体導波線路。 - Δεが0.90以上である請求項7記載の誘電体導波線路。
- εAが2.05以上である請求項7又は8記載の誘電体導波線路。
- 誘電体Aの2.45GHz又は12GHzにおける誘電正接が1.20×10-4以下であり、誘電体Aの硬度が95以上である請求項7、8又は9記載の誘電体導波線路。
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